CCRM Christina

INSTITUT LATIHAN KEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN MALAYSIA,
SUNGAI BULOH
CCRM 4013
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND STATISTICS
LATIHAN STATISTIK DAN ANALISIS DATA
NAMA PELATIH: CHRISTINA LEE YEW HOUNG

NO MATRIK: ADED 2/2022(07)-0004
NAMA PENSYARAH: PUAN SITI HAMIZAH MUHD HUSSIN
TARIKH HANTAR TUGASAN: 24 December 2022
a. Background of the tutorial
This tutorial is continuous assessment for subject research methodology

and statistics. This assessment is submitted for fulfilment of Advance
Diploma of Applied epidemiology and Disease control.
b. Objective of the tutorial

To analyze data using statistical software application by applying
appropriate test tools
c. Objective of analysis
1. To identify the descriptive analysis of mother’s weight and height and

baby weight
2. To differentiate the mother’s weight with fetus’s weight status
(normal/SGA)
3. To compare the mother’s height and fetus’s weight status
(normal/SGA)
4. To determine the relationship between mother’s BMI (Underweight,
normal, overweight, obese) and fetus’s weight status (Normal/SGA)
5. To access the differences in baby birthweight according to mother’s
BMI category (underweight, normal, overweight, obese).
6. To determine the association between mother’s weight and baby
birth weight
d. Results
1. Normality test
Mother’s Mother’s Baby
Weight Height birthweight
Skewness Z: 4.344 Z: 2.075 Z: 2.913
X X X
Kurtosis Z: 3.715 Z: 0.310 Z: 0.527
X √ √
Kolmogoro P=0.103 P=0.011 P<0.001
v Smirnov (P>0.05) (P<0.05) (P<0.05)
√ X X
Shapiro P<0.001 P=0.062 P<0.001
Wilk (P<0.05) (P>0.05) (P<0.05)
X √ X
Histograms
√ √ X
Box Plot
X X X
Q-Q Plot
√ √ X
Stem and
Normal X Normal X normal
leaf
Decision 4/8 4/8 1/8
Normally Normally Not normally

distributed distributed distributed
2. Descriptive Analysis
Mother’s Mother’s Baby
Weight Height birthweight
N (valid) 100 100 100
(Missing) 0 0 0
Measures Mean 55.399 151.9 2.81
of central Median 54.4 151 2.655
Tendency Mode 53 148 2.4
Standard
11.5226 5.351 0.527
Deviation
Variance 132.771 28.636 0.278
Measures Range 60.7 26 2.72
of Minimum 32.8 142 2
Dispersion Maximum 93.5 168 4.72
25 46.075 148 2.4
IQR 50 54.4 151 2.655
75 62 155 3.19
3. Inferential Analysis
A. Mother’s Weight and fetus’s weight status (normal/SGA)
Mother’s weight : scale (normal distributed)
Fetus’s weight status : nominal
i. Hypothesis:
Ho: There is no difference between mother’s weight with status
of fetus’ weight (normal/SGA).
Ha: there is a difference between mother’s weight with status
ii. Alpha: 0.05

iii. Analysis of differences : Independent sampleT-test
Test differences 2 groups, normal / SGA
iv. P=0.002 <0.05, reject Ho

v. Conclusion:
An independent sample t-test showed that the difference
in mother’s weight between the normal fetus’ weight
group (n=50, M=58.918, SD=10.8693) and SGA fetus’s
weight group (n=50, M=51.88, SD=11.1731) is
statistically significant, t(97.926)=3.193, p=0.002.
B. Mother’s Height and fetus’s weight status (normal/SGA)

Mother’s height : scale (normal distributed)
Fetus’s weight status : nominal
i. Hypothesis
Ho: There is no difference between mother’s height with status
Ha: There is a difference between mother’s height with status
ii. Alpha; 0.05

iii. Analysis of differences: Independent sample T-test
Test differences 2 groups, normal / SGA
vi. P=0.458 >0.05, failed to reject Ho

vii. Conclusion:
An independent sample t-test showed that no
statistically significant difference, t(97.738)=0.746,
p=0.458 in mother’s weight between the normal fetus’
weight group (n=50, M=152.30, SD=5.223) and SGA
fetus’s weight group (n=50, M=151.50, SD=5.5).
C. Mother’s BMI (Underweight, normal, overweight, obese)

and fetus’s weight status (Normal/SGA)
BMI = berat (kg) / tinggi x tinggi (m)

Underweight: (1) <18.4999
Normal (2) 18.5-24.9
Overweight (3) 25-29.9
Obese (4) >30
i. Hypothesis
Ho: There is no relationship between Mother’s BMI and
fetus weight status (normal/SGA)
Ha: There is a relationship between Mother’s BMI and fetus
weight status (normal/SGA)
ii. Alpha : 0.05
iii. Test : Chi square
iv. P<0.01, reject Ho. Chi square value = 16.085
v. Conclusion:
A chi square test of independence showed a
significant relationship, chi square (3, n=100) =
16.085, p<0.01 between mother’s BMI and fetus’
weight status (normal/SGA).
D. Mother’s BMI (Underweight, normal, overweight, obese)

and fetus’s birth weight
Mother’s BMI: categorical (4 group)
Baby birth weight : continuous (not normal distributed)
i. Hypothesis
Ho: There is no difference in baby birthweight according to
mother’s BMI category (underweight, normal, overweight,
obese).
Ha: There is a difference in baby birthweight according to
Mother’s BMI category (underweight, normal, overweight,
obese).
ii. Alpha: 0.05

iii. Analysis of differences: Kruskal Wallis test (data not
normal distributed)
iv. P=0.002, reject Ho.

v. Conclusion:
A Kruskal Wallis test showed that the difference in baby
birthweight between group underweight (n=8), group
normal (n=59), group Overweight (n=22) and group
Obese (n=11) are statistically significant, Kruskal Wallis
(3) = 14.933, p=0.002.
E. Association between mother’s weight and fetus birth

weight
Mother’s weight : continuous (normally distributed)
Baby birth weight : continuous (not normal distributed)
i. Hypothesis
Ho: There is no association between mother’s weight and baby
birthweight.
Ha: There is a association between mother’s weight and baby
birthweight.
ii. Alpha: 0.05

iii. Analysis of differences: Correlation Test , since the one
of the data is not normally distributed, spearman rank
will be used
iv. P<0.001, R=0.408, reject Ho.

v. Conclusion:
A spearman’s rho correlation test showed that the
association between mother’s weight and baby
birthweight are statistically significant, r=0.408, p<0.01.
The strength of relationship is moderate and positive
correlation between mother’s weight and baby
birthweight.
4. Appendix
Appendix 1 – layout raw data
Appendix 2 – syntax
EXAMINE VARIABLES=weight height birthwgt
/PLOT BOXPLOT STEMLEAF HISTOGRAM NPPLOT
/COMPARE GROUPS
/PERCENTILES(5,10,25,50,75,90,95) HAVERAGE
/STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES
/CINTERVAL 95
/MISSING LISTWISE
/NOTOTAL.
T-TEST GROUPS=outcome(0 1)
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=weight
/ES DISPLAY(TRUE)
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=height
/ES DISPLAY(TRUE)
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
COMPUTE HeightinMeter=height * 0.01.

EXECUTE.
COMPUTE BMI=weight / (HeightinMeter * HeightinMeter).
EXECUTE.
RECODE BMI (Lowest thru 18.4999=1) (18.5 thru 24.999=2) (25 thru 29.999=3) (30 thru
Highest=4) INTO
cat.BMI.
VARIABLE LABELS cat.BMI 'cat.BMI'.
EXECUTE.
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=cat.BMI BY outcome
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ
/CELLS=COUNT
/COUNT ROUND CELL
/METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5).
NPAR TESTS
/K-W=birthwgt BY cat.BMI(1 4)
/MISSING ANALYSIS.
CORRELATIONS
/VARIABLES=weight birthwgt
/PRINT=TWOTAIL NOSIG FULL
/MISSING=PAIRWISE.
NONPAR CORR
/PRINT=SPEARMAN TWOTAIL NOSIG FULL
/MISSING=PAIRWISE.
Appendix 3 – Output
DATASET ACTIVATE DataSet1.
EXAMINE VARIABLES=weight height birthwgt
/PLOT BOXPLOT STEMLEAF HISTOGRAM NPPLOT
/COMPARE GROUPS
/PERCENTILES(5,10,25,50,75,90,95) HAVERAGE
/STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES
/CINTERVAL 95
/MISSING LISTWISE
/NOTOTAL.
Explore
Notes
Output Created 26-NOV-2022 14:50:01
Comments
Input Data C:\Users\CL\Desktop\A

DED\Notes\Assignment
CCRM\Assignment
CCRM4013_V2.sav
Active Dataset DataSet1
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working 100

Data File
Missing Value Definition of Missing User-defined missing

Handling values for dependent
variables are treated as
missing.
Cases Used Statistics are based on

cases with no missing
values for any
dependent variable or
factor used.
Syntax EXAMINE
VARIABLES=weight
height birthwgt
/PLOT BOXPLOT
STEMLEAF
HISTOGRAM NPPLOT
/COMPARE GROUPS
/PERCENTILES(5,10,2
5,50,75,90,95)
HAVERAGE
/STATISTICS
DESCRIPTIVES
/CINTERVAL 95
/MISSING LISTWISE
/NOTOTAL.
Resources Processor Time 00:00:04.36
Elapsed Time 00:00:02.51
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
Mother's Weight 100 100.0% 0 0.0% 100 100.0%
Height 100 100.0% 0 0.0% 100 100.0%
Baby's 100 100.0% 0 0.0% 100 100.0%

Birthweight
Descriptives
Statistic Std. Error

Mother's Weight Mean 55.399 1.1523
95% Confidence Lower Bound 53.113

Interval for Mean
Upper Bound 57.685
5% Trimmed Mean 54.592
Median 54.400
Variance 132.771
Std. Deviation 11.5226
Minimum 32.8
Maximum 93.5
Range 60.7
Interquartile Range 15.9
Skewness 1.047 .241
Kurtosis 1.776 .478
Height Mean 151.90 .535
95% Confidence Lower Bound 150.84

Interval for Mean
Upper Bound 152.96
Median 151.00
Variance 28.636
Std. Deviation 5.351
Minimum 142
Maximum 168
Range 26
Interquartile Range 7
Skewness .500 .241
Kurtosis .148 .478
Mean 2.8107 .05275

Baby's 95% Confidence Lower Bound 2.7060
Birthweight Interval for Mean
Upper Bound 2.9154
Median 2.6550
Variance .278
Std. Deviation .52750
Minimum 2.00
Maximum 4.72
Range 2.72
Interquartile Range .79
Skewness .702 .241
Kurtosis .252 .478
Percentiles
Percentiles
5 10 25 50 75
Weighted Mother's Weight 40.335 42.100 46.075 54.400 62.000

Average(Definition 1)
Height 143.05 145.10 148.00 151.00 155.00
Baby's 2.1120 2.2520 2.4000 2.6550 3.1900

Birthweight
Tukey's Hinges Mother's Weight 46.150 54.400 62.000
Height 148.00 151.00 155.00
Baby's 2.4000 2.6550 3.1900

Birthweight
Percentiles
Percentiles
90 95
Weighted Average(Definition 1) Mother's Weight 69.900 75.925
Height 159.90 162.00
Baby's Birthweight 3.5000 3.6095
Tukey's Hinges Mother's Weight
Height
Baby's Birthweight
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
Mother's Weight .081 100 .103 .935 100 .000
Height .103 100 .011 .976 100 .062
Baby's .179 100 .000 .930 100 .000

Birthweight
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Mother's Weight
Mother's Weight Stem-and-Leaf Plot
Frequency Stem & Leaf
1.00 3. 2
2.00 3 . 89
14.00 4 . 00111123334444
15.00 4 . 555555666777778
20.00 5 . 00011112223333334444
17.00 5 . 55555666667888899
15.00 6 . 000012222233333
6.00 6 . 556669
5.00 7 . 02234
1.00 7. 6
1.00 8. 1
3.00 Extremes (>=92)
Stem width: 10.0
Each leaf: 1 case(s)

Height
Height Stem-and-Leaf Plot
.00 14 .
5.00 14 . 22223
5.00 14 . 45555
8.00 14 . 66677777
17.00 14 . 88888888888999999
16.00 15 . 0000000000111111
15.00 15 . 222222222233333
10.00 15 . 4444555555
7.00 15 . 6666667
7.00 15 . 8888889
4.00 16 . 0000
3.00 16 . 222
2.00 16 . 45
1.00 Extremes (>=168)
Stem width: 10

Baby's Birthweight
Baby's Birthweight Stem-and-Leaf Plot
8.00 2 . 00011111
15.00 2 . 222233333333333
27.00 2 . 444444444444444444455555555
1.00 2. 7
11.00 2 . 88889999999
14.00 3 . 00000011111111
7.00 3 . 2223333
10.00 3 . 4444455555
5.00 3 . 66677
1.00 3. 9
1.00 Extremes (>=4.7)
Stem width: 1.00

/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=weight
/ES DISPLAY(TRUE)
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
T-Test
Notes
Comments

CCRM\Assignment
CCRM4013_V2.sav
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>

Data File
Missing Value Definition of Missing User defined missing

Handling values are treated as
missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each

analysis are based on
the cases with no
missing or out-of-range
data for any variable in
the analysis.
Syntax T-TEST
GROUPS=outcome(0 1)
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=weight
/ES DISPLAY(TRUE)
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Group Statistics
Std. Std. Error

Outcome N Mean Deviation Mean
Mother's Normal 50 58.918 10.8693 1.5371

Weight
SGA 50 51.880 11.1731 1.5801
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of t-test for Equality of

Variances Means
F Sig. t df
Mother's Equal variances .046 .831 3.193 98

Weight assumed
Equal variances not 3.193 97.926

assumed
t-test for Equality of Means
Mean Std. Error

Sig. (2-tailed) Difference Difference
Mother's Weight Equal variances assumed .002 7.0380 2.2044
Equal variances not .002 7.0380 2.2044

assumed
95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference
Lower Upper
Mother's Weight Equal variances assumed 2.6633 11.4127
Equal variances not assumed 2.6633 11.4127
Independent Samples Effect Sizes
95% Confidence
Interval
Standardizer Point
a
Estimate Lower Upper
Cohen's d 11.0222 .639 .235 1.039

Mother's Hedges' 11.1075 .634 .233 1.031
Weight correction
Glass's delta 11.1731 .630 .216 1.038
a. The denominator used in estimating the effect sizes.
Cohen's d uses the pooled standard deviation.
Hedges' correction uses the pooled standard deviation, plus a correction factor.
Glass's delta uses the sample standard deviation of the control group.
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=height
/ES DISPLAY(TRUE)
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
T-Test
Notes
Comments

CCRM\Assignment
CCRM4013_V2.sav
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>

Data File
Missing Value Definition of Missing User defined missing
missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each

analysis are based on
the cases with no
missing or out-of-range
data for any variable in
the analysis.
Syntax T-TEST
GROUPS=outcome(0 1)
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=height
/ES DISPLAY(TRUE)
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Group Statistics
Std. Std. Error

Outcome N Mean Deviation Mean
Height Normal 50 152.30 5.223 .739
SGA 50 151.50 5.500 .778
Levene's Test for Equality of t-test for Equality of

Variances Means
F Sig. t df
Height Equal variances .057 .811 .746 98

assumed
Equal variances not .746 97.738
assumed
95%
Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Mean Std. Error
Sig. (2-tailed) Difference Difference Lower
Height Equal variances .458 .800 1.073 -1.329

assumed
Equal variances not .458 .800 1.073 -1.329

assumed
95% Confidence Interval of

the Difference
Upper
Height Equal variances assumed 2.929
Equal variances not assumed 2.929
Independent Samples Effect Sizes
95% Confidence
Interval
Standardizer Point
a
Estimate Lower Upper
Height Cohen's d 5.363 .149 -.244 .541
Hedges' 5.405 .148 -.242 .537

correction
Glass's delta 5.500 .145 -.248 .538
a. The denominator used in estimating the effect sizes.
Cohen's d uses the pooled standard deviation.
Hedges' correction uses the pooled standard deviation, plus a correction factor.
Glass's delta uses the sample standard deviation of the control group.
COMPUTE HeightinMeter=height * 0.01.
EXECUTE.
COMPUTE BMI=weight / (HeightinMeter * HeightinMeter).
EXECUTE.
RECODE BMI (Lowest thru 18.4999=1) (18.5 thru 24.999=2) (25 thru 29.999=3) (30 thru Highest=4)
INTO
cat.BMI.
VARIABLE LABELS cat.BMI 'cat.BMI'.
EXECUTE.
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=cat.BMI BY outcome
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ
/CELLS=COUNT
/COUNT ROUND CELL
/METHOD=EXACT TIMER(5).
Crosstabs
Notes
Comments

CCRM\Assignment
CCRM4013_V2.sav
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>

Data File

missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each table

are based on all the
cases with valid data in
the specified range(s)
for all variables in each
table.
Syntax CROSSTABS
/TABLES=cat.BMI BY
outcome
/FORMAT=AVALUE
TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ
/CELLS=COUNT
/COUNT ROUND
CELL
/METHOD=EXACT
TIMER(5).
Dimensions Requested 2
Cells Available 524245
Time for Exact 0:00:00.03

Statistics
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
cat.BMI * 100 100.0% 0 0.0% 100 100.0%

Outcome
cat.BMI * Outcome Crosstabulation
Count
Outcome
Normal SGA Total
cat.BMI Underweight 0 8 8
Normal 26 33 59
Overweight 16 6 22
Obese 8 3 11
Total 50 50 100
Chi-Square Tests
Asymptotic
Significance Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1-
Value df (2-sided) sided) sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 15.649a 3 .001 .001
Likelihood Ratio 18.998 3 .000 .000
Fisher-Freeman-Halton 16.085 .001

Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear 12.716b 1 .000 .000 .000

Association
N of Valid Cases 100
Chi-Square Tests
Point Probability
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear Association .000
N of Valid Cases
a. 2 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.00.
b. The standardized statistic is -3.566.
NPAR TESTS
/K-W=birthwgt BY cat.BMI(1 4)
/MISSING ANALYSIS.
NPar Tests
Notes
Comments
CCRM\Assignment
CCRM4013_V2.sav
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>

Data File

missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each test

are based on all cases
with valid data for the
variable(s) used in that
test.
Syntax NPAR TESTS
/K-W=birthwgt BY
cat.BMI(1 4)
/MISSING ANALYSIS.
Number of Cases 449389

Alloweda
a. Based on availability of workspace memory.
Kruskal-Wallis Test
Ranks
cat.BMI N Mean Rank
Baby's Underweight 8 23.13

Birthweight
Normal 59 46.89
Overweight 22 62.11
Obese 11 66.55
Total 100
Test Statisticsa,b
Baby's
Birthweight
Kruskal-Wallis H 14.933
df 3
Asymp. Sig. .002
a. Kruskal Wallis Test
b. Grouping Variable: cat.BMI
CORRELATIONS
/PRINT=TWOTAIL NOSIG FULL
/MISSING=PAIRWISE.
Correlations
Notes
Comments
CCRM\Assignment
CCRM4013_V2.sav
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>

Data File

missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each pair

of variables are based
on all the cases with
valid data for that pair.
Syntax CORRELATIONS
/VARIABLES=weight
birthwgt
/PRINT=TWOTAIL
NOSIG FULL
/MISSING=PAIRWISE.
Correlations
Mother's Baby's
Weight Birthweight
Mother's Weight Pearson 1 .432**

Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .000

N 100 100
Baby's Pearson .432** 1

Birthweight Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 100 100
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
NONPAR CORR
/PRINT=SPEARMAN TWOTAIL NOSIG FULL
/MISSING=PAIRWISE.
Nonparametric Correlations
Notes
Comments

CCRM\Assignment
CCRM4013_V2.sav
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>

Data File

missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each pair
of variables are based
on all the cases with
valid data for that pair.
Syntax NONPAR CORR
/VARIABLES=weight
birthwgt
/PRINT=SPEARMAN
TWOTAIL NOSIG FULL
/MISSING=PAIRWISE.
Number of Cases 629145 casesa

Allowed
a. Based on availability of workspace memory
Correlations
Mother's Baby's
Weight Birthweight
Spearman's Mother's Weight Correlation 1.000 .408**

rho Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) . .000
N 100 100
Baby's Correlation .408** 1.000

Birthweight Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .
N 100 100
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

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INSTITUT LATIHAN KEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN MALAYSIA,

LATIHAN STATISTIK DAN ANALISIS DATA

NAMA PELATIH: CHRISTINA LEE YEW HOUNG

This tutorial is continuous assessment for subject research methodology

b. Objective of the tutorial

1. To identify the descriptive analysis of mother’s weight and height and

Normally Normally Not normally

ii. Alpha: 0.05

iv. P=0.002 <0.05, reject Ho

B. Mother’s Height and fetus’s weight status (normal/SGA)

ii. Alpha; 0.05

vi. P=0.458 >0.05, failed to reject Ho

C. Mother’s BMI (Underweight, normal, overweight, obese)

BMI = berat (kg) / tinggi x tinggi (m)

D. Mother’s BMI (Underweight, normal, overweight, obese)

ii. Alpha: 0.05

iv. P=0.002, reject Ho.

E. Association between mother’s weight and fetus birth

ii. Alpha: 0.05

iv. P<0.001, R=0.408, reject Ho.

COMPUTE HeightinMeter=height * 0.01.

DATASET ACTIVATE DataSet1.

EXAMINE VARIABLES=weight height birthwgt

/PLOT BOXPLOT STEMLEAF HISTOGRAM NPPLOT

Output Created 26-NOV-2022 14:50:01

Input Data C:\Users\CL\Desktop\A

Active Dataset DataSet1

Split File <none>

N of Rows in Working 100

Missing Value Definition of Missing User-defined missing

Cases Used Statistics are based on

Resources Processor Time 00:00:04.36

Elapsed Time 00:00:02.51

Case Processing Summary

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

Mother's Weight 100 100.0% 0 0.0% 100 100.0%

Height 100 100.0% 0 0.0% 100 100.0%

Baby's 100 100.0% 0 0.0% 100 100.0%

Statistic Std. Error

95% Confidence Lower Bound 53.113

5% Trimmed Mean 54.592

Std. Deviation 11.5226

Interquartile Range 15.9

Skewness 1.047 .241

Kurtosis 1.776 .478

Height Mean 151.90 .535

95% Confidence Lower Bound 150.84

5% Trimmed Mean 151.76

Std. Deviation 5.351

Skewness .500 .241

Kurtosis .148 .478

Mean 2.8107 .05275

5% Trimmed Mean 2.7889

Std. Deviation .52750

Interquartile Range .79

Skewness .702 .241

Kurtosis .252 .478

Weighted Mother's Weight 40.335 42.100 46.075 54.400 62.000

Baby's 2.1120 2.2520 2.4000 2.6550 3.1900

Tukey's Hinges Mother's Weight 46.150 54.400 62.000

Height 148.00 151.00 155.00

Baby's 2.4000 2.6550 3.1900

Height 159.90 162.00