Necessity of United Nation Organization in

the Post World War 2 Scenario

Submitted by,
Name: Tridha Mukherjee
Course: B.A. LLB
Section: B
Roll Number: 17124
 Necessity of United Nation Organization in the Post World War 2 Scenario

The United Nations (U.N.) is a global diplomatic and political organization dedicated
to international peace and stability. The U.N. was officially established in 1945
following the horrific events of World War II, when international leaders proposed
creating a new global organization to maintain peace and avoid the abuses of war.
While the United Nations is sometimes criticized for its policies, bureaucracy and
spending, the organization has accomplished hundreds of successful peacekeeping
missions.

The forerunners of United Nation was the League of Nation, an organization conceived in
similar circumstances during First World War. It was established in 1919 under the Treaty of
Versailles ,the idea was introduced by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, “to promote
international cooperation and to achieve peace and security”, and negotiated at Paris Peace
Conference of 1919. It had 28 founding members but though US President Woodrow Wilson
was one of the key supporters of the League of Nations, the United States never officially joined
the organisation due to intense opposition from Isolationist members of Congress. The Council
consisted of four permanent members, the Great Britain, France, Japan, Italy. At its largest the
League of Nations was comprised of 58 members-states. The Soviet Union joined in 1934 but
was expelled in 1939 for invading Finland.

Failure of League of Nations included, the absence of the great powers from the international
organization weakened her and was partly responsible for its ultimate failure. Japan , Germany
and Italy also left the League and their defection must have weakened the League.It was felt that
the League Of Nations was dominated by England and France and consequently the other states
began to loose their confidence in that organization. The rise of dictatorship in Italy, Japan and
Germany also weakened the chances of success of the League of Nations .Japan was determined
to acquire fresh territories and her unscrupulous patriotism threw to the winds of all principles of
international law and morality. If the League was to prepared to condone her fault of conquering
Manchuria . She was to prepared to give up her membership of the League and that is exactly
what she actually did.
When League decided to take action against Italy on account for her aggression in Abyssinia ,
Italy left the League. In the wake up spreading dictatorship states continued to be the members of
the League so long as their national interest were not in any way endangered and sacrificed. The
League Of Nations demonstrated the limitations of the legal methods. The League was fairly
efficient in structure and probably would have worked if there had existed a realization of a
community of interest. Small nations lost their faith in the effectiveness of The League to save
them from any aggression. Each state decided to follow her own policy , the principle of security
weakened and thus there was nothing to check the aggressive policy of Hitler.

The League Of Nations failed because of certain constitutional defects. In the cases of disputes
brought before the council of the League under Article 11, decisions of the council had to be
unanimous in order to adjudge a nation guilty of having violated the covenant by resort to war or
unjustifiable aggression, In Article 15. If the decisions were not unanimous verdict under Article
11, the disputing parties were free to resume the hostilities after a period of 3 months. By
allowing exceptions , the covenant seemed to assumed that was remained the normal solution of
international disputes. Narrow nationalism was still the dominant among the peoples of the
world. France was increasingly concerned with her national security , while Great Britain
considered that problem less urgent than promoting commerce by fostering international trade.
Japan intoxicated by her emergence as a world power , while Italy was desperate to redress her
damage . Germany was indulge to retain her national prestige even at the cost of an aggressive
military adventure. The member of the league lack mutual co-operation which is always essential
for the success of an organization. For France the League was an instrument for providing her
security from Germany. On the other hand Great Britain wanted League protecting her
imperialist interest. Hitler found League a great hurdle on the way of rise of Germany. The
League was the offspring of a marriage of two separate lines of thoughts. In one of these which
were developed my Mr. Taft and others in the U.S. The stress was on organized forces. There
has to be “League of enforced peace” On the other hand the British attitude was extremely
hesitant in its approach to the nation os enforced peace. These two inconsistent principles were
incorporated in the fabric of the League itself and no wonder it failed. On the night of Sep. 18-
19, 1931 some Japanese soldiers making an attempt to blow off the railway line near Mukden
.Japan took full advantage of this minor incident and on the 18th Sep.1931 She invaded
Manchuria and also occupied all Japanese cities north of Mukden. League of Nations failed to
 implement sanctions on Japan and on March 27 , 1933 Japan decided to withdraw her
membership of League of Nation. All these failures paved the way for the World War 2 which
shook the whole world emotionally, financially, politically and so on.

The United Nations (UN) was created at the end of World War II as an international
peacekeeping organization and a forum for resolving conflicts between nations. UN replaced the
ineffective League of Nations, which had failed to prevent the outbreak of the Second World War.
The UN was established on October 24, 1945, with headquarters in Manhattan, New York City,
and reflected the rise of the United States to global leadership in the post-war period. In 1944,
delegations from the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and the Republic of
China—four of the main Allied powers in World War II—met in Washington, DC to negotiate the
parameters of the post-war world and to discuss the establishment of the international organization
that would become known as the United Nations (UN). The United States played an instrumental
role in the founding of the United Nations. The UN Charter, with its emphasis on peace, security,
international law, economic development, and human rights, reflected the influence of US
President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who shared a
vision for the post-war world. In 1941, the two leaders drafted the Atlantic Charter, which
declared that there would be no territorial aggrandizement as a result of the war, that post-war
international relations would be cooperative, and that disputes between states would be resolved
through peaceful negotiation and not the use or threat of force. The Atlantic Charter eventually
became the basis for the UN Charter. The United States joined the war in December 1941, and
the title “United Nations” was first adopted to identify the countries that allied against
Germany, Italy and Japan. Representatives from 26 Allied nations met in Washington, D.C. on
January 1, 1942 to sign the Declaration of the United Nations, which essentially described the
war objectives of the Allied powers. The United States, United Kingdom and Soviet Union led
the charge. The main principles and structure of the United Nations Charter were determined
by leaders at the United Nations Conference on International Organization (UNCIO) in San
Francisco on April 25, 1945. It consists of 111 articles and 26 chapters. After the war ended,
the official United Nations Charter was ratified by 51 members on October 24, 1945. The
organization’s purpose and principles are outlined in the U.N. Charter. According to
the document, the United Nations’ four main purposes are to: Maintain international
peace and security; Develop friendly relations among nations; Achieve international
cooperation in solving international problems; an d Be a centre for harmonizing the
actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.

The U.N. is divided into different bodies, includes the General Assembly is the main
policymaking body of the U.N. that votes on decisions the organization makes. All 193 members
are represented in this branch. This 15-member council oversees measures that ensure the
maintenance of international peace and security. The Security Council determines if a threat
exists and encourages the parties involved to settle it peacefully.
The Economic and Social Council makes policies and recommendations regarding economic,
social and environmental issues. It consists of 54 members who are elected by the General
Assembly for three-year terms. The Trusteeship Council was originally created to supervise the
11 Trust Territories that were placed under the management of seven member states. By 1994,
all the territories had gained self-government or independence, and the body was suspended. But
that same year, the Council decided to continue meeting occasionally, instead of annually. This
branch is responsible for settling legal disputes submitted by the states and answering questions
in accordance with international law. The Secretariat is made up of the Secretary-General and
thousands of U.N. staffers. Its members carry out the daily duties of the U.N. and work on
international peacekeeping missions.
What started as a group of 51 states has grown increasingly over the years. War, independence
movements and decolonization have all helped boost membership in the U.N.
Currently, there are 193 members, representing countries from all over the world.
New members must be recommended by the United Nations’ Security Council and accepted by a
two-thirds vote from the General Assembly.

The United Nations has been part of the dynamics of international relations for more than 60
years, during which many things have changed, including the perspective that every individual
might have of his or her place in the universe. The world has changed, and the UN has also
managed to adapt and even sometimes to precede and influence the deep structural changes that
have altered the course of things and of history. As regards reforms, the UN has also attempted
to prime the pump through its Secretary General, sometimes with relative success.