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Abstract— Environment friendly and economical power Since the Efficiency of the plant is fundamentally limited by
generation is of paramount importance to cope with the the ratio of the absolute temperatures of the steam at turbine
challenges imposed by an increasing demand of energy input and output, efficiency improvements require use of a
throughout the world. Main contributions to the cost of higher fossil fuel steam generator includes an economizer, a
electricity are investment cost and fuel cost. The efficiency of the
power plant as one key value affects both the fuel costs and CO 2
steam drum, and the furnace with its steam generating tubes
emitted to the environment. As coal is more generous in many and super heater coils. Necessary safety valves are located at
parts of the world, coal prices are less volatile and more stable suitable points to avoid excessive boiler pressure. The air and
than natural gas prices. But larger CO2 emissions increase the flue gas path equipment include: forced draft (FD) fan, Air
need for more efficient coal-based power generation. Ultra Preheater (AP), boiler furnace, induced draft (ID) fan, fly ash
supercritical (USC) steam power plants meet notably the collectors (electrostatic precipitator or bag house) and the flue
requirements for high efficiencies to reduce both fuel costs and gas stack.
emissions as well as for a reliable supply of electrical energy at (A) Ultra-supercritical generation:-
low cost. Performance enhancing technology is being applied to Ultra-supercritical (USC) steam generation represents an
turbine buckets, nozzles and seals.
increase in steam cycle efficiency. A USC unit operates
above supercritical pressure and at advanced steam
temperatures above 1,100 degrees Fahrenheit (593Error!
I. INTRODUCTION
Reference source not found.), resulting in a more efficient
steam cycle. This increase efficiency reduces fuel
A thermal power station is a power plant in which the
consumption, reagent consumption, solid waste, water use
prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into
and operating costs.
steam and rotates a steam turbine which drives an electrical
generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is
(B) Supercritical technology:-
condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was
A subcritical steam generation unit operates at pressures such
heated; this is known as a Rankine cycle. The energy
that water boils first and then is converted to superheated
efficiency of a conventional thermal power station,
steam. At supercritical pressures, water is heated to produce
considered as salable energy as a percent of the heating
superheated steam without boiling. Due to the improve
value of the fuel consumed, is typically 33% to 48%. This
thermodynamics of expanding higher pressure and
efficiency is limited as all heat engines are governed by the
temperature steam through the turbine, a supercritical steam
laws of thermodynamics. The rest of the energy must leave
generating unit is more efficient than a subcritical unit.
the plant in the form of heat. This waste heat can go
through a condenser and be disposed of with cooling water
or in cooling towers. If the waste heat is instead utilized for
II. LATEST TECH. IN THERMAL POWER PLANT
district heating, it is called co-generation.
Super thermal power plant: Supercritical technology adopted,
“Supercritical “is a thermodynamic expression describing the
state of a substance where there is no clear Distinction
between the liquid and the gaseous phase (i.e. They are a
homogenous fluid).
Conclusion:-
Consuming less coal for generates or produce energy will
helpful for decreasing the cost of electricity. Generation of
electricity with ultra supercritical technology will help to
meet the maximum condition of fulfillment of electricity
because the bulk of power generation, about 75%, is by
thermal power stations, improvement in their performance
would lead to increased availability and large scale energy
conservation.