Edited Final PR2

SAINT JOSEPH ACADEMY
Senior High School Department
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study

School Health ServicesSchool health services have a good impact on the health of
students through the provision of accessible, comprehensive and intensive health services.
School Health ServicesSchool health services contribute to the goals of the education system and
therefore the health care system must be available in providing screenings and referrals,
administering medications and treatments, first aid, health counseling and education, and
supporting students to accumulate self-management skills. The school health service aims at
promoting healthy growth and well-being so that students can achieve their full potential.
An effective and valued school health service offers important resources to our schools so
that we can achieve our common goals of promoting healthier environments. Schools must bring
medical supplies together with a large number of personnel to accommodate learners in case of
emergency and also the faculty members and general services. Health requires a significant
amount of attention, particularly for students, and physical health is one of the most important
needs of young people. Since education and health are linked, health services are needed to
promote student health and prevent disease. Moreover, School Health Servicesschool health
services provide an atmosphere in which students feel safe, secure, and academically successful,
producing happy and committed students.
School Health ServicesSchool health services are important because they are responsible
for providing equipment and facilities for emergency treatment for illness or injury while at
school, for tracking and managing the spread of disease. School Health ServicesSchool health
services are structured to help children at school achieve the most possible health benefits from
their education. Well-organized and well-executed School Health Servicesschool health services
can be used to create a healthy community for school children. Furthermore, it handles concerns
such as first aid, medical emergencies, and the identification of infectious conditions that may
spread in a public situation.
The School Health ServicesSchool health services are associated with a school clinic
where the clinic must have enough medical supplies for better access and use of the school
Humanities and Social Sciences

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clinic. Having enough clinic supplies it helps every learner to have primary care for their health.
School clinics typically deliver primary care services and may include reproductive, dental, and
acute care services for students and may also coordinate with external community providers.
The 2010 Department of Education (DepED) Educational Facilities Manual also provides
specifications (for location, size, space allocation, and basic equipment and furniture) for the
school health clinic in Chapter IV, Section R (Facilities for Ancillary Services). A clinic shall be
located adjacent to the administrative area, if possible. Depending upon the size of the school
and availability of internal space, the school health clinic shall include spaces for first aid
treatment, dental services, waiting room, dressing room, and the restroom for students who may
not be feeling well. The manual also stipulates that a duly trained first aider and teacher should
be in charge of the school clinic if no health professional is employed by the school. The
Department of Education implemented this to guide every school and to ensure the medical
needs of learners.
However, there are possible factors encountered by the learners in regards toregarding of
School Health Servicesschool health services: lack of infrastructure, lack of funds, and
inadequate health personnel. These three factors which affect which my medical equipment,
medical supplies, and communication devices generally lead to poor quality of health services.
These three factors are the most common problem that affects the students’ academic growth and
to improve School Health Servicesschool health services.
Equal access and quality of school health facilities for all classes of children must also be
enhanced. In addition, School Health Servicesschool health services can be modified to health
goals. The issues of the health system relating to staff shortages in School Health Servicesschool
health services, high workloads and the role School Health Services play inschool health services
in educational institutions need to be discussed.
The researchers conducted this study to assess the factors encountered by the learners
regarding School Health Servicesschool health services in Saint Joseph Academy. The
researchers also want to propose recommendationspropose a recommendations that can help the
students and school to improve their School Health Servicesschool health services.

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Statement of the Problem
This study aims to assess the factors affecting School Health ServicesSchool health
services in Saint Joseph Academy.
Specifically, iIt seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 age;
1.2 gender;
1.3 grade level;
1.4 section;
1.5 location of the clinic they visited; and
1.6 number of visitsvisitation to the school clinic?
2. How can the School Health Servicesschool health services be assessed in terms of:
2.1 facilities;
2.2 supplies; and
2.3 personnel?
3. What are the suggested activities/recommendations to improve the access of the
students in the School Health ServicesSchool health services at Saint Joseph
Academy?
Hypothesis
There is a significant difference on the Learners Assessment of School Health
ServicesSchool health services in Saint Joseph Academy when matched with the demographic
variable.

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Purpose of the study

The purpose of this study is to assess the factors affecting poor School Health
Servicesschool health services. School Health ServicesSchool health services will lead to
promoting health awareness and being ready in case of an emergency. The result of this study
will help the school to improve the health supplies, facilities, and services of the clinic. This
research can help the school clinic to provide the needed facilities and services to maintain the
student’s health and safety whenever they are at the school.
Scope, Delimitation, and Limitation

This study is about assessing the factors affecting theaffecting that affects the School
Health ServicesSchool health services in Saint Joseph Academy. This study will mainly identify
and assess different factors of the School Health Servicesschool health services to the students.
Also, this study yearns to identify how can the researchers develop and assist the School Health
Servicesschool health services to improve in terms of facilities, supplies, and personnel.
The researchers did not include other schools and focused on all the students of Saint
Joseph Academy. The researchers did not also include the faculty members, personnel and new
students of Saint Joseph Academy. The respondents of this study are the students of Junior High
School and Senior High School last school year 2019-2020 of Saint Joseph Academy.
In the study entitled “School Health ServicesSchool health services and its practice among
public and private primary schools in Western Nigeria” from Kuponiyi et al., (2016) is where we
gather information and factors that we will be using in our research. This research was therefore

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determining the School Health Servicesschool health services available and its practice in
primary schools in Western Nigeria.
Significance of the Sstudy

Theis result of this study will be deemed significant to the following groups of
individuals:
Learners. The result of this study will help the learners to know why it is important to have
complete supplies, facilities, and services in school clinics. Also, this study can help learners to
access better School Health ServicesSchool health services.
School Personnel. The result of the study will help the personnel in meeting the health care
needs of students more effectively. They will know the factor that affects the school clinic and
work in improving health services.
School Administrators. The result of this study will help them to know the needed supplies,
facilities, and services of the school clinic and to provide those things to have a better clinic that
the students can use. This study will help them to know what are the problems that needed action
in School Health Servicesschool health services.
Future Researchers. This study will be a useful reference for the researchers who would plan to
make any related study. This study can help them in identifying the hindrance to improving the
School Health Servicesschool health services.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined as conceptual, operational, clarity for a better
understanding of the research study.

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Clinic. An establishment or hospital department where outpatients are given medical treatment
or advice, especially of a specialist nature. (https://www.lexico.com/definition/clinic). In this
study, a building where students go to receive medical service or treatment.
Health Care. The act of taking preventative or necessary medical procedures to improve a
person's well-being (http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/health-care.html). In this
study, it is the educational setting that requires consideration of separate and sometimes
conflicting standards about a student'sabout student’s right to obtain health care.
Health Personnel. It means any office staff member who is licensed by a professional or health
care occupational licensing board such as a professional registered nurse, licensed practical
nurse, or physician assistant (https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/health-care-personnel). In
this study, the health personnel are responsible for providing the health services needs of every
student in the school.
Infrastructure. It is generally defined as the physical framework of facilities through which
goods and services are provided to the public (Goel, 2002). In this study, the infrastructure is the
one used in a clinic to work efficiently including medical staff, technology, and facilities.
School Health ServicesSchool health services. Service from medical, teaching, and other
professionals applied in or out of the school to improve the health and well-being of children
(https://www.definitions .net/definition/school+health+services). In this study, School Health
Servicesschool health services may help to maintain the health of the students while they are in
school.

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter shows some conceptual literature, related researchresearches and conceptual
paradigm which have significant information for a better understanding of the study.
Conceptual Literature
Student’s Health
The World Health Organization, put together the meaning of health as “a state of
complete physical, mental and social well-being.” Health is a positive concept that
highlightshighlight social and personal resources and also the people’s capability. Health is not
only about the state of our physical body. There is also a need to focus on our mental health and
social well-being because those three have a big contribution to our capabilities (World Health
Organization, 2011).
It also helps decide how we cope with tension, how we relate to others, and how we make
choices. Mental well-being is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence to
adulthood. Health is very important that's why we need to spend our life takinglife to taking care
of it. Students, teachers, and other personnel stay in the school for a long time. There are

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instances that different accidents may happen. School health providers must be responsible for
theon the health and safety of everyone inside it. When there are diseases and disasters may
happen, they should take action on how to stop it from spreading and to make sure the safety of
everyone. They should ensuresecure that all of them are in good conditionconditions.
Good Health is central to handling stress and living an extended, more active life. A
healthful lifestyle provides the means to steer a full life with meaning and purpose. Being
healthy means your body and mind function as they're alleged to be. Being healthy causes you
to feel good and allows you to perform more effectively (Kurtus,2012).
Staying healthy physically will also help you remain healthy emotionally. Evidence
suggests that students do better at school when they are physically and emotionally healthy. They
miss fewer classes, are less likely to engage in risky or antisocial behavior, concentrate more and
achieve higher test scores. Unfortunately, too many students attend classes in less-than-optimal
health. Healthy students are better learners, and academic achievement bears a lifetime of
benefits for health.
The definition of "student" once was "one who studies something". Today it can mean
merely "one who attends a school, college or university.” A person enrolled in a school or
educational institution that is engaged in learning and acquiring knowledge. A student is anyone
who is willing and able to gather new information from any source of information that is
available (Simanek, 2017).
Student is defined not just as onejust one who attends school, college and university but
also a person who studies something. They are enrolled in an educational institution to learn
something new. They are doing different activities to gain knowledge that can help them in the
future. Also, by being a student, as they learn a lot of things inside the school, it can help them to
discover and enhance the capabilities that they have.
According to Healthy Schools Campaign (2015), healthy students are more likely to
attend school and are better able to focus in class, which ultimately leads to higher test scores
and overall higher achievement. Moreover, studies show that students haveare better attention
spans, better class participation and higher test scores. In some cases, improved nutrition even
reduced behavioral problems.

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School health programs can help improve students’ academic achievement. Helping
young people to stay healthy is a key part of the mission of everyever schoolschools. It may
increase academic grades and standardized test scores in schools. Reduced absenteeism and
improved cognitive performance may also increase if the students are healthy while they are in
the school. Healthy students may improve their academic performances and focus more on their
studies.
Since students spent a significant portion of time in the school, schools being the second
home of students also need to take their health seriously. Schools therefore constitute a unique
setting to help children and adolescentsadolescent to develop a positive outlook on life and help
them establish a healthyestablish healthy lifestyle. To properly manage the health of the students
therefore school personnel, School Health Servicesschool health services should pertain to
apertain a comprehensive system to deal with day-to-day emergencies. As children spent more
than six hours at school and are liable to suffer from injuries and illnesses (Omar, 2015).
Some students suffer from injuries/illness because of bullying/assaults. Schools and

teachers have a duty to do everything in their power to protect students from accidents that could
lead to serious injuries. This may be particularly relevant in the event of an accident at a child's
school where parents entrust their children daily to the care of teachers and other school staff.
Sometimes sport activities may cause injuries in the students during intramurals such as
volleyball, basketball and sepak takraw. That’s why school personnel must be present in the
school every day for emergency purposes.
School Clinic
Clinic is one of the most important establishmentsestablishment that can provide people
withtheir medical needs. Since schools bring large numbers of students and staff together,
prudence dictates that-as in any workplace- a system must be in place to deal with such issues as
first aid, medical emergencies and detection of contagious conditions that could spread a group
situation. Health organizations such as clinics are specially created to bump into the needs of the
people in assisting and solving many health problems.

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School clinics or/ Mmedical rooms are the places where the first aid treatment is given to
hold the injuries till the victim is taken to the dispensary or Hhospital. Suppose someone got
injured and bleeds this treatment can save his life. The victim can survive. These clinics and
rooms play a very important role for survivalfor the survival. They are an area for emergency
care where students are taken once they get injured or have fallen ill. They are important
because the kids are often seen to and treated immediately if something seems amiss. EduCure’s
School Clinic & Medical Room product solves students'solves to students’ day to day health &
medical issues by deploying an onsite trained and qualified nurse and monthly record
maintenance. This also includes: Medical Equipment and Consumables,. On- – call Doctor Basic
Medicines and First Aid training (Ahmed, 2017).
This position includes responsibility for all students in the school community, and
healthcare workers are often the only healthcare practitioners who are aware of all the resources
and agencies involved in student care. A school clinic must be established in schools to provide
routine administration of medications, since students, especiallystudents especially young
students may not be able to assume this responsibility themselves. Without a proper school
clinic, it could affect in delivering a proper School Health Servicesschool health services.
School Health Personnel
School Health Services staff can help all students with preventive care such as flu shots
and vision and screening, as well as acute and emergency care. Qualified professionals such as
school nurses, nurse practitioners, physiciansphysician, and allied health personnel provide these
services. Buffalo (2010) stated that, roles of healthcare providers in the school sum up
compliance with the standards ensures that the health and safety of children are protected
especially at home it can improve the health-related quality of life within the family. They said
that the healthcare providers are important to ensure the health of the students especially when
they are inside the school.
Buffalo stated that health care providers in school are very important. They really have a
big role to play in School Health Servicesschool health services. They are responsible for
securingin securing the health and safety of every student, evenstudent even the faculty members

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and staffstaffs inside the school. They are also the one who should take actionactions especially
when an emergency happens inside the school. It will not just benefit the people inside the
school but also their family at home.
A student’s health is directly related to his or her ability to learn. Children with unmet
health needs have a difficult time engaging in the educational process. The school nurse supports
student success by providing health care through assessment, intervention, and follow-up for all
children within the school setting. The school nurse addresses the physical, mental, emotional,
and social health needs of students and supports their achievement in the learning process
(NASN, 2016).
School nurses will also play a vital role in ensuring a healthy and safe school
environment. By that, students may obtain a lot of energy, aside from energy, a good health can
also make our brain work faster and function better. It is also said that the school nurses are the
ones who address a student's needs in relation to his/her health. They are capable of dealing with
students' situationssituation. Either it is mental, physical, or whatever category of health it is,
they are the ones who take the responsibility upon it.
According to Children’s Health Minister Dr. Dan Poulter (2017), the school personnel
plays an essential role in improving student’s general health because of his/her support to
facilitate their normal development and promotepromoting continuity of care across their student
life. The school personnel are important because they are the ones who provide assistance to the
students who need emergency health care.
The absence of a trained school health personnel on-site could lead to unfortunate
consequences in an emergency situation or in the supervision of students with health care needs.
A school clinic without school health personnel would not be able to provide health care through
assessment, intervention, and follow-up for all children within the school setting (Buswell,
2016).
Often your child will have a health problem that does not last long, but still interferes
with the functioning of your child at school. This kind of issue should be brought to the attention

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of the school nurse, the teacher, or the principal. The school must have school personnel to
ensure every student'sstudents health and safety every day whenever they are at school.
School Health ServicesSchool health services (SHS)
School Health ServicesSchool health services refer to the health care delivery system
that is operational within a school or college. SHS is an important aspect of primary care for
children. The services should be mandated by a formal arrangement between the educational
institution and the provider healthcare organization SHS generally focuses on promoting and
protecting health and well-being early diagnosis, preventing and controlling the diseaseof disease
of pupils (Baltag & Saewyc, 2017).
A health-promoting school is a school in which all members of the school community

work together to provide students with coordinated and positive experiences and structures that
protect and improve their health. School Health ServicesSchool health services provide safe and
effective management of CHCs (Chronic Health Conditions), often for students with limited
access to health care. Health services provided for students (School Health Services, SHS)
include preventive measures, early detection and intervention in the field of physical, social and,
increasingly, mental health of students.
The purpose of School Health Servicesschool health services is to make sure that all
students are healthy and prepared to learn. It also aims to promote, protect and maintain health of
students while they are at the school. The school health team consistsconsist of the school
physician, school nurse, and health assistants working in partnership with the students (Leroy,
2009).
School Health ServicesSchool health services personnel will support all students with
preventive treatment, such as flu vaccines and vision and hearing tests, as well as acute and
emergency care. Having School Health ServicesSchool health services may decrease a chance of
having a lot of absencesabsents. The school health service promotes healthy development and
wellbeing, helping students reach their full potential. It is free and confidential and students learn
better when they are healthy, safe and happy.

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There are benefits of School Health Servicesschool health services: Increase school
attendance, help eligible students enroll in health insurance, connect students’ family members
with health coverage, provide reimbursable health services in schools, offer services that support
at-risk students, promote healthy school practices through nutrition, physical activity, and health
education, improve wellness policies and health programs, build local partnerships to support
expanded health services, reduce emergency room visits and create a positive school climate that
fosters learning (California School-Based Health Alliance, 2020). These benefits can be
beneficial to the students in the school.
A school that does not have a proper School Health Servicesschool health services can
affect the students in learning and focusing in class. It will be difficult to provide basicprovide a
basic health services to every student in the school. It may affect some of the students, especially
those students who are prone to some illnesses. It will also reflect on how the school takestake
care of the health of their studentsstudent.
Factors Affecting School Services
By providing school based health services to young people is increasingly

acknowledgedacknowledge for its capacity to give students something comprehensive, easily
accessible, and in-turned to their confidentiality requirements within a very familiar and safe
environment (Chase, Goodrich, Simon, Holterman, & Aggleton,2006).
Providing School Health Servicesschool health services is known as giving security to the
students inside the environment. It should always be easily accessible by them. It is a
responsibility of the health service provider to make sure that they are always safe and healthy.
Giving School Health Servicesschool health services is known as securing the health and safety

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of the students within the environment. It may help to decrease the numbers of students who will
be sent home.
According to Kickbusch, et al, (2008), those barriers include: inadequate vision and
strategic planning; lack of responsibility and acceptance of programme; lack of responsibility
and accountability; inadequate collaboration and coordination among persons addressing health
in schools, and lack of programme infrastructure. These barriers affect the performance of a
School Health Servicesschool health services to provide a proper health care to the students.
Moreover, a clear vision of the potential benefits of School Health Servicesschool health
services and how they might be realized is vital. Because health and education are closely linked,
progress can occur only if the ministries of health and education, as well as their representatives
at the provincial, district, and local levels collaborate. The cooperation of school health personnel
is important to deliver effectivedeliver an effective health care to every student. Also, the lack of
infrastructure and facilities in the clinic can affect the effectiveness of delivering health care to
the students who need medical assistance.
Research Literature
According to Osuorah et al., (2016), in the study entitled “The Status of School Health
Services: A Comparative study of primary schools in a developing Country,”, the researchers
conduct a cross-sectional and descriptive study that tried to ascertain the status of the School
Health Servicesschool health services in 56 randomly selected schools using the school health
programme evaluation scale. In the result of this study the School Health Servicesschool health
services are existent in the Nnewi North LGA but its implementation is suboptimal in both
private and public schools. In conclusion effective policy with good monitoring and evaluation is
imperative in ensuring adequate and optimal implementation of School Health Servicesschool
health services in primary schools in Nnewi. The study also has shown that School Health
Servicesschool health services exist in private and public schools. Although the status of School
Health Servicesschool health services was on the average suboptimal, it shows in their
research/study that the private school has better implementation compared to public schools.

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This study assessed the status and implementation of School Health Servicesschool
health services in primary schools in the Nnewi North local government area of Anambra State.
The study also has shown that School Health Servicesschool health services exist in private and
public schools. Although the status of School Health Servicesschool health services was on the
average suboptimal, it shows in their research/study that the private school has better
implementation compared to public schools.
In the study entitled “Health Care in Private Schools and Private Establishments in the
Philippines” from Racelis (2013), this paper examined the provision of student health services
and benefits in private establishments using data from two recent surveys were examined. Based
on the findings, private schools are in fact providing voluntarily the level of health care service
that is consistent with the standards set in the 1984 DECS Memorandum No. 87.
The study about health service in private schools is considered a good result. It is because
of the consistency monitored. Also, the health service is observed to be voluntary, making the
results better. The study proved that it's not only the knowledge the private schools provide.
They also gave attention to students' health. In the study, the provision of student health services
in private schools requires employing the services of health professionals (mainly doctors,
nurses, dentists, and, occasionally, trained medical officers), setting up a clinic, and having
medicines and medical supplies for emergency care.
According to Reyala (2007)’s paper entitled “Role of Teachers in the Implementation of
Health Programs,”, health instruction and health services started in the public schools with the
classroom teacher as the central figure. The teachers are the one who is responsible to teach the
students some basic first aid training inside the school. Schools are responsible for the safety of
their students during the school day. Students with certain chronic health conditions like asthma,
for example, may have increased sensitivity to their surroundings.
The teacher should participate in the health appraisal of his or her students and provide
helpful information to the school nurse and the examining physician. He/she observes students
for signs of departure from normal health and possible signs of communicable diseases, and
refers the child to a physician, nurse, or parent as indicated (Perez, 2004).

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In the study entitled "School Health Services and its practice among public and private
primary schoolsschool in Western Nigeria" from Kuponiyi et al., (2016), researchersthat
researchers conduct a comparative cross-sectional survey of private and public primary schools
in Ogun state using a multi-stage sampling technique. In the result of their study more than three
quarters of the respondents in both groups could not correctly define the school health
programme. There were no health personnel or a trained first aider in private schools but a nurse
was present. The study concludes that the practice of the various components of the School
Health Servicesschool health services was poor but better in private schools in Nigeria. This may
suggest that more health personnel need to cater for the health of the school children in Nigeria
and other developing countries.
The study concludes that the practice of the various components of School Health
Servicesschool health services was poor but improved in private primary schools in Nigeria. The
most common form of health assessment was routine inspection by teachers. This may suggest
that more health personnel need to be employed to protect the health of school children in
Nigeria and other similar developing countries. In the study, they also stated that the aim of
School Health Servicesschool health services is to help children at school to obtain the maximum
possible health benefits from their education. The aim of this study was therefore to identify the
available School Health Servicesschool health services and their practices in primary schools in
Ogun State, Nigeria. This has implications for primary health care of school children and for
reducing the incidence of preventable diseases early in life.
A study entitled “A closer look”, examined a systematic random sample of public-school

districts nationwide. One goal of the survey was to determine the type of health services
provided in schools, types of School Health Servicesschool health services personnel,
organizational structures for the delivery of services in and outside of school, and barriers to
services. The result of the survey that was conducted, there are two health services that
appearservices appear to be provided almost universally by school districts, first aid and
administration of medications. The researchers of this study want to know about the School
Health Servicesschool health services provided by their schools. They want to determine the type
of health personnel, the execution of the service.

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Synthesis
The study pursued by different authors and researchers are relevant to the present study in
the sense that most studies dealt on the improvement of School Health Servicesschool health
services of the clinic. It includes information about School Health Servicesschool health services,
which serves as a guideas guide in the attainment of the objective of this study.
Some similarities were found in theon the study conducted by Healthy Schools Campaign
and Bernardo where both of them agreed that health is important to everyone in order to make
our body and mind function as they supposed toto be. As a student, being healthy allowsallow
you to perform well and be focusedfocus in class. It can also help every student to be active
while they are inside the school
In achieving a healthy lifestyle for everyof every student, it is important to know their
needs especially to their health. Just like what Brown stated over 2.3 billion school age children
spend one third of their time in schools. Schools therefore constitute a unique setting to help
children and adolescents to develop a positive outlook on life and help them establish healthy
lifestyles. Brown added that global mortality and morbidity estimates in children and adolescents
suggest that school aged children have significant needs for health promotion, prevention and
health care services.
According to Baltag & Saewyc, and Leroy, they both agreed that the clinic is one of the
most important establishments that can provide people their medical needs. School Health
ServicesSchool health services generally focuses on integratingin integrating care needs of the
children that may help pupils to stay at school and prevent missing school and to promote and
protect their health and well-being early diagnosis, preventing and controlling the diseaseof
disease of pupils to ensure that all students are healthy and ready to learn.
The students that have goodhave a good health can minimize their physical and
emotional health problems. According to Atienza et, al. and Rowe both agreed that to provide a
good healthcarehealth care quality service and upgrade the standards of practices, you have to
consider the dos monitoring of operations and maintenance, quality control, equipment and

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methods of recoloring services and practices guidelines that relate to services, personnel and
financial management. Additionally, primary health care can minimize the physical and
emotional health problems children face. Physical and mental health problems cause children to
miss school, lack energy, be distracted, or have other problems that impair their ability to learn.
Reyala and Perez argued that teachers should be the one who participate in the health
appraisal to the students to provide helpful information to the school. Arrangement of emergency
care is important in case there is an accident sickness. The teachers are the one that is in charge
in taking care of the healthof health of the students inside the school. They are the one who is
responsible if the student is ill and to check if the student’s health is in good condition. The
teachers also are the one that is always on the side of the student in case of emergencies.
There are problems that are encounteredthat encountered by the school in terms of the
health services. As stated by Chase, Goodrich, Simon, Holterman, & Aggleton, Kickbusch and
Eke there are some factors that causecauses a hindrance to the students to access qualityaccess a
quality health services. These are inadequate vision and strategic planning, lack of responsibility
and acceptance of programmesprogramme, lack of responsibility and accountability, inadequate
collaboration and coordination among persons addressing health in school, and lack of
programme infrastructure.
Conceptual Framework
In the development of the projectof project, the different concepts were considered. The
researchers discussed those that were all related to the present study. This concept played
significant roles towards the accomplishment of the study.
A paradigm identifies a program’s input, its output, and the processing step required to
transform the input into the output. The Input Process Output (IPO) model developed by Harris
and Taylor was used as a guide in the general directions of the study.

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Process
Input
Questionnaire Output
Demographic
profile of the
students: Age, Developmental
Gender, Grade Plan to improve the
level, Section School health
Assessment of services in Saint
School clinic Joseph Academy
services in terms of
facilities, supplies
an
Figure 1
Conceptual Paradigm of Learners Assessment of School Health ServicesSchool health
services in Saint Joseph Academy
The inputs box contains the Demographic profile of the respondents and Assessment of
School Health ServicesSchool health services in terms of facilities, supplies and personnel.

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In the process box, the content of the input box is to undergo processes like
questionnairesquestionnaire.
The output box, finally is the product of process input which is to do a Developmental Plan
to improve the School Health ServicesSchool health services in Saint Joseph Academy.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the method of the research design, respondents of the study,
distribution of respondents, data gathering technique and data gathering process statistical tool
used in data analysis by interpreting and analyzing the results.
Research Design
This research makes use of descriptive research design to identify, to analyze and to
assess the factors that affect School Health ServicesSchool health services in Saint Joseph
Academy. Descriptive research design is used to discover new facts about people, events or
activities, situationssituation, or the frequency with which certainwith certain events or
situationssituation occuroccurs. Descriptive research is also known as statistical research which
has the ability to describe thedescribe about the data and characteristics of any research (Gliner
and Morga, 2000).
This study made use of descriptive research design to determine the factors that affect
School Health Servicesschool health services in Saint Joseph Academy which includes lack of
facilities, lack of supplies and inadequate personnel.
Population and Sampling

The respondents of the study are the 126 previous students of Saint Joseph Academy both
in Junior High School and Senior High School. The researchers chose the previous students due
to the reason that they are the one who already experience and see the clinic of Saint Joseph

20
Academy. The researchers did not include the current and new students particularly the Grade 7
students and transferees because they didn't have experiencedidn’t experience to use the school
clinic.
One of the purposes of this research was to determine and assess the factors affecting the
School Health Servicesschool health services in Saint Joseph Academy. In attaining this
objective, the sampling technique that the researchers adopted is convenience sampling. As
stated by Lavrakas (2008), convenience sampling is a type of nonprobability sampling in which
people are sampled simply because they are "convenient" sources of data for researchers. The
convenience sampling is getting respondents who are available to answer or easy to reach. The
researchers chose this convenience sampling to avoid biases. Furthermore, some students have
different activities to do and they do not have a stable internet connection. As we researchers,
humbly as the permission of the adviser of every section to make acquaintance and to do a
survey.
Data Gathering Instrument

The sole instrument utilized in this study was a survey questionnaire. The researchers
distributed the questionnaires to the available students of Saint Joseph Academy. It is divided
into three parts: The Part 1 of the questionnaire is the Demographic Profiling, the Part 2 is the
Assessing School Health Services and the Part 3 is the Effects of having a good School Health
Services.
The Part I of the questionnaire used a checklistused checklist type and it consistedit is
consisted of the respondent'sof respondent’s profile such as name, gender, grade level, section,
location of the clinic that was visited and number of visits in the school clinic.
The questionnaire used checklist type in the Part II of the questionnaire. It was divided
into three: facilities, supplies, personnel. The researchers want to determine and to assess where
the school clinic was ifclinic if there was a lacklacking of facilities, supplies, and personnel. The
Part II of the questionnaire were divided into three: facilities, supplies, personnel. The facilities
were adopted and modified from DepEd (2010) “Educational Facilities Manual (Revised edition
of the 2007 Handbook on Educational Facilities- Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction in School
Construction).

21
The supplies were adopted and modified from DepEd (2016) “Procurement of Medical
Materials/Supplies and Equipment for First Aid Kits/Bags of Schools”. And the personnel were
also adopted and modified from Racelis (2013) “Health care in Private Schools and Private
Establishments in the Philippines.”
In PartIn the Part III, the researchers formulate their own statements regarding the
effectsto effects of having a good School Health Servicesschool health services. The researchers
used Likert type scaling (1) Strongly disagree, (2) Disagree, (3) Agree, and (4) Strongly Agree.
Validity
To measure the validity and accuracy of the data collection used, the researchers used
face validity. Face validity refers to researchers’ subjective assessments of the presentation and
relevance of the measuring instrument as to whether the items in the instrument appear to be
relevant, reasonable, unambiguous and clear (Oluwatayo, 2012). This was used to determine the
accuracy and validity of the actual components to be measured.
Reliability
The researchers also considered the reliability of the instrument. To test the reliability of
the questionnaire, the researchers conducted a pre-survey on the transferees to determine if there
will be errors while answering the questionnaire in the Google Forms. The respondents can
access the link of the Online Survey through messenger and try to click the corresponding
responses.
Data Gathering Procedure

In order to deal with the data procedures, the researchers looked for the best information
to prove the reliability of the research result. The researchers made the questionnaire for 3 weeks

22
and sentsend it to the Ppractical Rresearch teacher for the checking. The researchers
analyzedanalyze the data carefully with the help of the research adviser and started to survey on
November 26, 2020 and finished on Decemberat December 3, 2020. After doing the survey, the
researchers started to do the tally and send it to the research adviser and statistician.
As people are all in the time of pandemic and the students are doing class virtually, that's
why the researchers did the questionnaire in google form for an online survey. The researchers
were divided into 6 groups, 2 members each group to distribute the questionnaire in every grade
level for those students who are available to answer the questionnaire. They made a group chat
via Messenger and includedinclude those students who are available and have time to answer the
survey.
The researchers sent the link of Google Form to the group chat of every section. Once the
link iswas clicked, the questionnaire will appear. The respondents must answer a question in
order to go to the next page. After answering all the questions, they must click the submit and a
note will appear for them to be aware that it is already submitted.
The questionnaire was submitted to the adviser and practical research teacher for
suggestions, comments and revisions of the question items. After the corrections and suggestions
form the adviser, the researchers finalized and presented the questionnaires to the adviser,
grammarian and research consultants.
Scoring Response
The researchers used the Likert type of scaling such as: (4) Strongly Agree, (3) Agree, (2)
Disagree and (1) Strongly Disagree. According to Glen (2015), Likert scale is a type of rating
used to measure attitudes or opinions. It often comes with a neutral midpoint. For the purpose of
interpreting the weighted mean of the instructional used by the respondents, the mean ranges will
be grouped in a manner.
Scale Numerical Rating Verbal Interpretation
4 3.25 – 4.00 Strongly Agree
3 2.50 – 3.24 Agree
2 1.75 – 2.49 Disagree
1 1.00 – 1.74 Strong Disagree

23
Statistical Treatment of Data. The statistical instrumentsinstrument employed in the

interpretation of data and the testing of null hypotheseshypothesis were illustrated in this study.
Frequency and Percentage. It was used to determine the distributions of the respondents
according to their profile in terms of age, gender, grade level, and visitation in the clinic.
Mean and Composite Mean. It was utilized to determine the truthfulness of data which is the
significant difference on the factors affecting facilities, supplies and personnel of the school
clinic when matched with the demographic variable.
Correlational Relationship. There is no correlation, a zero correlation exists when there is no

relationship between the variables used in the study but merely no straight-line type of
relationship
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data from the
respondents through the distributed questionnaires. The key purpose of this study is to assess the
School Health ServicesSchool health services of Saint Joseph Academy. The data presented are
analyzed and interpreted in response to the problem raised by the study. In order to have clear
analysis and interpretations, tables are presented.
I. Demographic Profile of the Respondents

The table below presents the percentage distribution of the respondents according to their
profile. It is presented in a tabular form with corresponding frequency percentage.
Table 1.1
Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to their Age
Age Frequency Percentage

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13 years old 22 17%

14 years old 15 12%
15 years old 31 25%
16 years old 26 21%
17 years old 14 11%
18 years old 17 13%
19 years old and above 1 1%
TOTAL 126 100%
Table 1.1 shows the frequency distribution of the respondents’ profile in terms of age.
The top 3 highest are 15 years old which got the percentage of 31(25%), 16 years old with 26
(21%) and 13 years old with 22 (17%).
It shows the top 3 lowest are 19 years old and above with a percentagewith percentage of
1 (1%), 14 (11%) of the respondents are 17 years old, and 15 (12%) of the respondents are 14
years old.
It also shows that 17 (13%) of the respondents are 18 years old.

Majority of the respondents in terms of age is 15 years old. Since the students that areis in
the age of 15 are prone to sickness. Sometimes they need properneed a proper assistance from
healthfrom a health personnel to accommodate their needs.
Table 1.2
Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to their Gender
Gender Frequency Percentage%
Male 42 33%
Female 84 67%
TOTAL 126 100%

25
Table 1.2 presents the frequency percentage distribution of the respondents’ profile
according to their gender. It shows that 84 or (67%) of respondents are females and 42 (33%) are
males.
Majority of the respondents in terms of gender is female. Females are more sensitive than
boys when it comes to health. Monthly, most of the femalesfemale usually experience
dysmenorrhea which causes them painthem in pain during periodsperiod. Monthly girls need to
rest a lot because of their physical and mental health.
Table 1.3
Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to their Grade Level
Grade Level Frequency Percentage
Grade 8 29 23%
Grade 9 10 8%
Grade 10 34 27%
Grade 11 25 27%
Grade 12 28 22%
TOTAL 126 100%
Furthermore, based on the results of Table 1.3 the frequency percentage distribution of
the respondents’ profile according to their grade level. It shows that the top 3 highest are 34 or
(27%) of the respondents are Grade 10, 29 or (23%) of the respondents are Grade 8, 28 or (22%)
of the respondents are Grade 12,
The lowest is the Grade 11 respondents with 25 (20%) and 10 or (8%) of the respondents
are Grade 9.
Majority of the respondents in terms of grade level is Grade 10. Furthermore, Grade 10
students are the most familiar students that havehas been to the clinic both main and branch.
They saw what facilities, supplies and personnel that are present in the school clinic in Saint
Joseph Academy.
Table 1.4

26
Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to their Section

Section Frequency Percentage
Section 1 49 39
Section 2 16 13%
Section 3 32 25%
Section 4 22 17%
Section 5 7 6%
TOTAL 126 100%
Likewise, based on Table 1.4 the frequency percentage distribution of the respondents’
profile according to their section. It reveals that the top 3 highest are the respondents from
Section 1 it includes the section of Amethyst, Gold, Aries, STEM Del Pilar and STEM Zamora
with 49 or (39%), the respondents from Section 3 it includes the section of Ruby, Cobalt, Pisces,
ABM Rizal and ABM Mabini with 32 or (25%) and Section 4 which includes the section of
Emerald, Nickel, Virgo, HUMSS Bonifacio, and HUMSS Aguinaldo with 22 or (17%).
It shows that the lowest is the respondents from Section 5 that includes the section of
Pearl, Iron, Gemini, HUMSS Agoncillo and HUMSS Jacinto with 7 (6%).
Furthermore, the Section 2 that includes the sectionincludes section of Diamond, Silver,
Leo, STEM Malvar and STEM Quezon got 16 or (13%).
Table 1.5
Percentage Distribution of the Respondents
Location Frequency Percentage
Branch 20 16%
Main 53 42%
Both 53 42%
TOTAL 126 100%
Moreover, Table 1.5 presents the frequency percentage distribution of the respondents’
profile according to the location of the clinic they visited. It appears that 53 or (42%) visited both

27
the branchboth branch and main clinic, 53 (42%) of the respondents visited the Main Clinic and
20 (16%) of the respondents visited the Branch Clinic. Therefore, both Junior and Senior High
School dwell with Main and Branch Clinic.
According to the study of Brindis et. al (2010) School- based and school-linked health
centers (hereafter “school health centers”) represent a model of care that responds to the unique
physical and mental health issues of adolescents by offering care in an accessible, youth-friendly
environment.
Table 1.6
Percentage Distribution of the Respondents Number of Visitation in the Clinic
Number of Visitation Frequency Percentage
Everyday 3 2%
Once a week 26 21%
Twice a week 9 7%
Once a month 45 36%
Twice a month 11 9%
Thrice a month 11 9%
Other 21 17%
TOTAL 126 100%

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Table 1.6 shows the frequency percentage distribution of the respondents’ profile
according to the number of visitations in the clinic. It manifests that the top 3 highest are the
respondents who visit the clinic once a month with the percentage of 45 or (36%), 26 or (21%) of
the respondents visit the clinic once a week, 21 or (17%) of the respondents’ state other answer
in how often they visit the clinic.
The top 3 lowest regarding number of visitation in the clinic are 11 (9%) of the
respondents visit the clinic twice a month, 11 or (9%) of the respondents visit the clinic thrice a
month, 9 or (7%) of the respondents visit the clinic twice a week and 3 or (2%) of the
respondents visit the clinic every day.
It also that the respondents visit the clinic depend on their reason with 21 (17%).
In the result of our study the most of the students only visit the clinic once a month 45
(36%). The respondents only visit the clinic once a month because some students just intend to
go to thein the clinic when they really need preventiveneed a preventive care.
II. Assessing School Health ServicesSchool health services

The table below presents the percentage distribution in Assessing School Health
ServicesSchool health services according to facilities, supplies and personnel. It is presented in a
tabular form with corresponding frequency and percentage.
Table 2.1
Percentage Distribution of the Facilities that the school clinic should provide
Facilities Frequency Percentage

Bed/cot (preferably the reclining type) 104 83%
Weighing Scale 94 75%
Apparatus for measuring height (stadiometer) 74 59%
Thermometer 86 68%

29
Medical Supplies 103 82%

Cabinet (for medication) 105 83%
Eye testing apparatus (Ophthalmoscope) 12 10%
Mirror 93 74%
Sink or lavatory 29 23%
First aid equipment and supplies 97 77%
Standard office equipment 103 82%
(table, chairs, stools, trash can, etc.)
Nebulizer 15 12%
Sphygmomanometer/ stethoscope 27 21%
Table 2.1 presents the frequency percentage distribution of the Facilities that the school
clinic should provide.
The top 3 highest facilities that the respondents notice in the school clinic are Cabinet
(for medication) equivalent of 105 or (83%), 104 or (83%) for the Bed/cot (preferably the
reclining type), 103 or (82%) on Medical Supplies and Standard office equipment (table, chairs,
stools, trash can, etc.). These facilities are mostly seen in the clinic, since these are the basic
equipment the school clinic should have.
According to Ulrich (2004), there was a link to the physical environment like a single bed
for students. When there is a bed it can enhance patient safety and create environments that are
healthier for students by preventing injury from falls, infections, and medical errors.
Standardizing room layout, location of supplies and medical equipment is necessary to have in
the clinic to improve patient safety by decreasing health care associated infections and medical
errors. The top 3 lowest facilities of the clinic are
Eye Testing Apparatus (Ophthalmoscope) 12 or (10%), Nebulizer 15 or (12%) and
Sphygmomanometer/ Stethoscope 27 or (21%). These facilities are rarely seen in the school
clinic.
According to Ofojebe (2019), health facilities were not provided in the schools to enable
students to undergo regular assessment and medical check-ups, such as Eye Testing Apparatus

30
and Stethoscope. In the study the conducted it result that there are some facilities that were not
provided especially in the areas of School Health Servicesschool health services.
In addition, other equipment that should be seen in the School Clinic which correspond of
94 or (75%) for Weighing Scale, 74 or (59%) Apparatus for measuring height (stadiometer), 86
or (68%) Thermometer – measuring the degree of a person, 93 or (74%) Mirror, 29(23%) Sink or
lavatory, lastly the First aid equipment and supplies which is 97 or (77%).
Nearly all schools provide on-site first aid to students. However, the actual emergency
equipment present in school varies widely. Schools cannot accomplish their academic mission
without addressing the health and safety of the students, including emergency response. These
facilities are important to have in the school clinic to ensure the safety of every student
(Hallenbeck, 2003).
Table 2.2
Percentage Distribution of the Supplies that the school clinic should provide
Supplies Frequency Percentage
Cotton Balls 96 76%
Cotton Applicator 24 19%
Hot Water Bag – 1 li. 32 25%
Ice bag #6 31 25%
Digital Thermometer 62 49%
Sterile Gauze (4x4) 29 23%
Rolled Gauze (2x10) 42 33%
Elastic Bandage (2x5) 41 33%
Micropore Tape 1” 22 17%
Band Aide 95 75%
Kelly Forceps 22 17%

31
(essential component for any tactical medical kit)

Surgical Scissors (used to cut soft tissue) 20 16%
Bandage Scissors (used for sizing dressings and 33 26%
removing circumferential bandages)
Burn Ointment 35 28%
Ammonia (used to prevent or treat fainting) 14 11%
Povidone Iodine (10%) 29 23%
(used for skin disinfection and for minor wounds)
Alcohol (70%) 105 83%
Hydrogen Peroxide 22 17%
(used on the skin to prevent infection of
minor cuts, scrapes, and burns.)
Sterile Gloves 36 29%
Tackle Box (color red) (medical supplies storage) 38 30%
Safety Pins 30 24%
Paracetamol 500mg 81 64%
Paracetamol, combinations excl. psycholeptics – Tuseran 77 61%
(used for the relief of cough, clogged nose,
postnasal drip, headache, body aches, and fever)
Phenylpropanolamine HCl – Decolgen (relief of symptoms 29 23%
caused by the common cold, sinusitis and flu.)
Antihistamine - Cetirizine (medicine that relieves
the symptoms of allergies) 20 16%
Loperamide (medication used to treat sudden diarrhea) 28 22%
Antacid, Aluminum Magnesium (used together to relieve
heartburn, acid indigestion, and upset stomach.) 22 17%
Salbutamol (used to relieve symptoms of asthma and
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) 22 17%
Mefenamic Acid 500mg (used to relieve mild to moderate pain) 50 40%
Sulfur/ whitefields ointment (medicine used to treat
skin irritation and inflammation) 20 16%
Table 2.2 presents the frequency percentage distribution of the Supplies that the school
clinic should provide.
The top 3 highest supplies that the school clinic has and noticed by the students are
Alcohol (70%) with percentage of 83%, Cotton Balls with percentage of 76% and Band Aid with
percentage of 75%. Most students notice that there is a firstis first aid kit in the clinic because
this is where they get supplies to give to the students who have emergency needs.
According to Qureshi et al., (2018), almost all the schools had some sort of first aid
boxes/kits that are fully equipped with cotton swab/balls, alcohol and some band aid. These

32
supplies can help to respond effectively to common injuries and emergencies that might happen
in the school.
The top 3 lowest supplies in the school clinic are Ammonia (used to prevent or treat
fainting) with percentage of 11%, Sulfur/ white fields ointment (medicine used to treat skin
irritation and inflammation), Antihistamine - Cetirizine (medicine that relieves the symptoms of
allergies), Surgical Scissors (used to cut soft tissue) that has a percentage of 16% and Salbutamol
(used to relieve symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), Hydrogen
Peroxide (used on the skin to prevent infection of minor cuts, scrapes, and burns.),Kelly Forceps
(essential component for any tactical medical kit) has a percentage of 17 %. These supplies are
rarely seen by the students whenever they go to the clinic.
Moreover, Ammonia 11% even if it is the lowest, it is still important because when a
student losesloss their consciousness, it is used to regain it. Sulfur white fields ointment is a
medicine used to treat skin irritation and inflammation caused by burns, insect bites, fungal
inspections, or eczema cetirizine is important because it relieves the symptoms of allergies.
Surgical scissor implies that the clinicthat clinic also needsneed it because without it wet we are
not able to cut different supplies that a normal scissor can’t. HydrogenAnd Hydrogen peroxide is
still important because it is a mildis mild antiseptic that we can use to clean and treat wounds like
minor cuts, scrapes and burns.
In the study “Clinic – PSHS CVC” Students are given medicines/supplies based on
availability and supply. They are encouraged/obliged to bring 1st aid medications since supplies
are also limited (Paracetamol, for colds & cough medicines (neozep, decolgen, bioflu, solmux,
lagundi), anti–diarrheal drugs (Loperamide), anti–histamine/anti–allergies or any brand they
prefer.
The supplies that are not in the highest and lowest percentage such as Digital
Thermometer 49%, Paracetamol 500 g 64%, Sterile Gauze (4x4) 23% and Tackle Box (color
red) (medical supplies storage) 30% are still important to have in the school clinic to ensure the
delivery of adequate health services to the students who need assistance.
However, Digital thermometer is athe tool that we can use to measure the body
temperature of a person and to know if they have a feverhave fever or none. Paracetamol because
it is the typical medicine that we first take when we feel sick, especially fever and headache.

33
SterileStrile gauze is the basic tool that is used to treat and stop a wound from bleeding. Tackle
box is also important because it is where we can store different tools and supplies that we can use
in medications.
According to “School Sanitation and Health Services,” Angar (2017), basic medical and
dental supplies shall be provided in the school clinic. For treatment of minor ailment and
emergency cases. Basic medical supplies can help reduce injury or illness that might be
experienced by a student.
Table 2.3
Percentage Distribution of the Personnel that are needed in the clinic to give health service
Personnel Frequency Percentage
Nurse 102 81%
Medical Officer 23 18%
Dental Officer 11 9%
Dental Aide 10 8%
Table 2.3 presents the frequency percentage distribution of the Personnel that are needed
in the clinic to give health service.
It shows that 102 or (81%) of the respondents notice that the clinic has a Nurse. A nurse
can assist a student that is not feeling well inside the school premises. He/she can administer first
aid or diagnose certain symptoms. Naturally, school nurses work to promote a healthy school
environment. Beyond promoting health and safety for students within the school facility during
the school day, they also encourage students to maintain healthy habits and behaviors when they
are not in school.
The AssociationAssociation of School Nurses has defined roles and standards for school
nurses and provides a system for disseminating information and training to nurses who practice
in school. The school nurse is the health care representative on site. An understanding of the

34
school nurse's role is essential to ensure coordinated care. School nurses need to be physically
present in schools to address these responsibilities appropriately (Proctor et al., 2007). This
shows that the nurse that is practicing in school must have the training in handling the students
who needneeds health services.
Most of the students in Saint Joseph Academy notice that our school clinic lacks Dental
Aide 10 or (8%) in school clinicsclinic. It shows that the school clinic doesn’t have a Dental
Aide that can assist the students when they need properneed a proper dental care.
According to the Kwan et al., (2005), Oral health is fundamental to general health and
well-being. Students who suffer from poor oral health are 12 times more likely to have restricted-
activity days than those who do not. Dental aidesaide can help students to assess their dental
needs especially when they are in the school premises.
It shows that the respondents also notice that the school clinic has a Medical Officer with
percentage of 18% and Dental Officer with a percentage of 9%. Furthermore, based on our
findings it shows that although the school has a Medical Officer and Dental Officer they could
not assist the student well.
TheIn the study conducted “School Health ServicesSchool health services and its practice
among public and private primary schools in Western Nigeria”, suggest that more health
personnel need to be employed to cater for the health of the school children. Medical officers and
other health workers like Dental officers should have school placed under their watch which they
would oversee and help conduct routine medical examinations.
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary, findings, and the conclusions made by the researchers
which are derived from major findings of the study and the recommendations proposed by the
researchers based on the conclusions and findings of the study.

35
Summary
The purpose of this study is to assess the factors affecting School Health ServicesSchool
health services in Saint Joseph Academy. The result of this study will help the school to improve
the health supplies, facilities, and services of the clinic. Specifically, the study aimed to obtain
the respondents demographic profile with regards to age, gender, grade level, section, location of
the clinic they visited and number of visitation to clinic. This study also assessed the facilities,
supplies and personnel of Saint Joseph Academy. The researchers used the Likert type of scaling
such as: (4) Strongly Agree, (3) Agree, (2) Disagree and (1) Strongly Disagree. The study
conducted wanted to determine a significantdetermine significant difference on the factors
affecting facilities, supplies and personnel of the school clinic and the effects of having a good
School Health Servicesschool health services. It determined the possible relationship between the
learner’s assessment of the School Health ServicesSchool health services and the demographic
profile of students such as age, gender, grade level, section, location of the clinic they visited and
number of visitation to the clinic. Lastly, this research paper aimed to know what
recommendations may be proposed to help the school in assessing the School Health
Servicesschool health services.
The researchers used descriptive quantitative of research, since it was appropriate to
describe the relationship of the data and characteristics about the phenomenon being studied.
Findings
After a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of data, the following findings emerged
and summarized.
1. The frequency distribution of the respondent’s profile with regards to age were 31 (25%)
of the respondents are 15 years old, 26 (21%) of the respondents are 16 years old, 22
(17%) of the respondents are 13 years old, 17 (13%) of the respondents are 18 years old
15 (12%) of the respondents are 14 years old, 14 (11%) of the respondents are 17 years
old, and 1 (1%) of the respondents are 19 years old and above.
2. The frequency distribution of the respondents’ profile according to their gender. It shows
that 84 (67%) of respondents are females and 42 (33%) are males.

36
3. Frequency distribution of the respondents’ profile according to their grade level. It shows
that 34 (27%) of the respondents are Grade 10, 29 (23%) of the respondents are Grade 8,
28 (22%) of the respondents are Grade 12, 25 (20%) of the respondents are Grade11 and
10 (8%) of the respondents are Grade 9.
4. Frequency distribution of the respondents’ profile according to their section. It shows

that 49 or (39%) of the respondents are from Amethyst, Gold, Aries, STEM Del Pilar
and STEM Zamora, 32 or (25%) of the respondents are from Ruby, Cobalt, Pisces, ABM
Rizal and ABM Mabini, on the other hand 22 or (17%) of the respondents are from
Emerald, Nickel, Virgo, HUMSS Bonifacio, and HUMSS Aguinaldo, 16 or (13%) of the
respondents are from Diamond, Silver, Leo, STEM Malvar and STEM Quezon, and 7
(6%) of the respondents are from Pearl, Iron, Gemini, HUMSS Agoncillo and HUMSS
Jacinto.
5. The frequency distribution of the respondents’ profile according to the location of the
clinic they visit. It shows that 53 (42%) visited both branch and main clinic, 53 (42%) of
the respondents visited the Main Clinic and 20 (16%) of the respondents visited the
Branch Clinic,
6. The frequency distribution of the respondents’ profile according to the number of
visitations in the clinic. It shows that 45 (36%) of the respondents visit the clinic once a
month, 26 (21%) of the respondents visit the clinic once a month, 21 (17%) of the
respondents’ state other answer in how often they visit the clinic, 11 (9%) of the
respondents visit the clinic twice a month, 11 (9%) of the respondents visit the clinic
thrice a month, 9 (7%) of the respondents visit the clinic twice a week and 3 (2%) of the
respondents visit the clinic every day.
7. The top 3 highest facilities that the respondents notice in the school clinic are Cabinet
(for medication) 105 (83%), 104 (83%) Bed/cot (preferably the reclining type), 103
(82%) Medical Supplies and Standard office equipment (table, chairs, stools, trash can,
etc.)

37
8. The top 3 lowest facilities of the clinic are Eye Testing Apparatus (Ophthalmoscope)
12(10%), Nebulizer 15 (12%) and Sphygmomanometer/ Stethoscope 27(21%). These
facilities are rarely seen in the school clinic.
9. In addition, other equipment seen in the School Clinic which correspond of 94 or (75%)
for Weighing Scale, 74 or (59%) Apparatus for measuring height (stadiometer), 86 or
(68%) Thermometer – measuring the degree of a person, 93 or (74%) Mirror, 29(23%)
Sink or lavatory, lastly the First aid equipment and supplies which is 97 or (77%).
10. The top 3 highest supplies that the school clinic has and noticed by the students are
Alcohol (70%) with percentage of 83%, Cotton Balls with percentage of 76% and Band
Aid with percentage of 75%.
11. The top 3 lowest supplies in the school clinic are Ammonia (used to prevent or treat
fainting) with percentage of 11%, Sulfur/ white fields ointment (medicine used to treat
skin irritation and inflammation), Antihistamine - Cetirizine (medicine that relieves the
symptoms of allergies), Surgical Scissors (used to cut soft tissue) that has a percentage of
16% and Salbutamol (used to relieve symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease), Hydrogen Peroxide (used on the skin to prevent infection of minor
cuts, scrapes, and burns.), Kelly Forceps (essential component for any tactical medical
kit) that has a percentage of 17 %.
12. The frequency distribution of the Personnel that needed in the clinic to give health
service. It shows that 102 (81%) of the respondents notice that the clinic has Nurse, 23
(18%) of the respondents notice that the clinic has Medical Officer, 11 (9%) of the
respondents notice that the clinic has Dental Officer and 10 (8%) of the respondents
notice that the clinic has Dental Aide.
Conclusion
From the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn by the researchers.
1) The Profile of the Respondents
● Majority of the respondents in terms of age is 15 years old. Since the students that
areis in the age of 15 are prone to sickness. Sometimes they need properneed a
proper assistance from healthfrom a health personnel to accommodate their needs.

38
● Majority of the respondents in terms of gender is female. Females are more

sensitive than boys when it comes to health. Monthly, most of the femalesfemale
usually experience dysmenorrhea which causes them painthem in pain during
periodsperiod. Monthly girls need to rest a lot because of their physical and
mental health.
● Majority of the respondents in terms of grade level is Grade 10. Furthermore,
Grade 10 students are the most familiar students that havehas been to the clinic
both main and branch. They saw what facilities, supplies and personnel that are
present in the school clinic in Saint Joseph Academy.
● Majority of the respondents in terms of sections are from Section 1 which
includes the section of Amethyst, Gold, Aries, STEM Del Pilar and STEM
Zamora.
● Majority of the respondents according to the location of the clinic they visit is
both branch and main clinic and main clinic. Since the school has two clinics both
in main and branch, they can visit those clinicsclinic when they need proper
assistance.
● Majority of the respondents according to the number of visitations in the clinic is
once a month. Since some students only go to clinicsclinic when they really need
theneeded a proper assistance of a school health personnel.
2) Assessing School Health ServicesSchool health services

● In terms of facilities most of the students notice that the school clinic has a
cabinet (for medication). When the students go to the clinicto clinic cabinet is the
first thing they look for because the cabinetbecause cabinet servesserve as an
inventory for medicinal supplies.
● In terms of facilities Eye Testing Apparatus (Ophthalmoscope) got the lowest
percentage and it also showsshow that it is rarely seen by the students inside the
school clinic. It is still important that the clinic has Eye Testing Apparatus to
ensure that the students that have poorhave a poor eyesight will be
monitoredmonitor.

39
● In terms of supplies most of the students notice that the school clinic has an
Alcohol (70%). This is the most common supply that the students notice in the
school clinics because it is the most effective treatment or first aid for any type of
wound.
● In terms of supplies most of the students notice that the school clinic doesn’t have
Ammonia (used to prevent or treat fainting). Moreover, even if itits is the lowest,
it is still important because when a student losesloss their consciousness, it is used
to regain it.
● In terms of personnel most of the students notice that the school clinic has a
Nurse. It is one of the essentials in the school clinic that is provided by the school
that the respondents notice. Since, they are the one responsible in taking care of
the students health inside the school premises.
● In terms of personnel most of the students notice that theare school clinic doesn’t
have a Dental Aide. They are the one responsible in making sure that the oral
health of the students is in a goodin good situation.
Recommendations
Every study will be useless without the results being well-throughout, and it is a
goodGod action if the findings would be used and developed. The following are the
recommendations made by the researchers.
1. Every facility in the school's clinic should be given attention, and the school must comply
with the needs of facilities which are not present.
2. The medical supplies which are essential for medication should also be observed to have on
the school's clinic to improve the assurance that each student coming to the clinic who needs a
particular supply would be complied to.
3. St. Joseph Academy offersoffer good health services though the school lacked medicallacked
in medical supplies. The absence of these necessities should be achieved as time passespass by to
ensure the stability of the students' good health.

40
4. Future researchers can use another research design, sampling and set of respondents to better
improve their study.
5. Future researchers may conduct a succeeding study to check or monitor if the St. Joseph
Academy complied with the needs inside the school clinic to ensure their students' health and
safety.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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World Health Organization. WHO remains firmly committed to the principles set out in the
preamble to the Constitution. Retrieved September 25, 2020 from
https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/contitution.
Kurtus, R. (2012). Importance of being Healthy. Retrieved September 25, 2020 from
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k9MRWrE.
Simanek. (2017). On Being a Student. Retrieved September 25, 2020 from

https://www.lockhaven.edu/~dsimanek/goostud.htm.
TransferWise. (2017). The education system in the Philippines. Retrieved September 26, 2020
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Healthy School Campaign. (2015). The Role of Healthy Schools in Education. Retrieved
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Omar. (2015). Health care facilities at school; Perceptions of students. Retrieved September 26,
2020 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287372478_HEALTH_CARE_FACILITIES_A
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Baltag & Saewyc. (2017). Common Elements of School Health Services. Retrieved 28, 2020
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California School-Based Health Alliance. (2020). Top 10 Benefits of School-based Health
Centers. Retrieved September 28, 2020 from
https://www.schoolhealthcenters.org/school-health- centers-in-ca/awareness-month/why-
sbhcs/.

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Ahmed. (2017). What are school clinics/medical rooms, and why are they important? Retrieved
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rooms-and-why- are-they-important.
Poulter. (2017). School Nurse-Roles and responsibilities. Retrieved September 28, 2020 from
https://rnspeak.com/school-nurse-roles-responsibilities/.
Buswell. (2016). Common Elements of School Health Services. Retrieved September 29, 2020
Kickbusch, et al. (2008). Promoting Health Through Schools - Report of a WHO Expert
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Chidiebere et al. (2016). The Status of School Health ServicesSchool health services: A
Comparative study of primary
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Racelis. (2015). Health Care in Private Schools and Private Establishments I the
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Perez. (2004). Health appraisal of school-aged children. Retrieved October 2, 2020 from
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Ulrich. (2004). The Impact of Facility Design on Patient Safety. Retrieved December 14, 2020
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%2C%20face%20validity,clear%20(Oluwatayo%2C%202012).

43
APPENDICES

44
Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
District of San Jose
Saint Joseph Academy of San Jose, Batangas
Incorporated
Senior High School
October_,2020
Mrs. Mara Ramona B. Cuenca
Principal
Saint Joseph Academy
San Jose, Batangas
Dear Ma'am,
We, the researchers from Humanities and Social Sciences are currently conducting a research
study entitled “Learners Assessment of School Health ServicesSchool health services in Saint
Joseph Academy.” In connection with this, we would like to ask for your permission to allow us
to conduct an online survey to the selected Junior High School and Senior High School Learners.
This survey would last only 10-15 minutes and would be arrangedwould arranged at a time
convenient to the students schedule. Participation in the survey is entirely voluntary and there are
knownknow or anticipated risks to participation in thison this study. The research instruments are
undergone to the process of validation of the respondents security. All information provided will
be kept in utmost confidentialityconfidentially and will be used for academic purposes.
Thank you very much and God bless!
Respectfully yours, Noted by:

45
Atienza, Raila Joy

Bernales, Jeimar Ken
De La Peña, Ruby Jane MS. MERZI A. BADOY
Estolano, Lambert Research Teacher
Guce, Aiza Joy
Hernandez, Rose Ann
Ladores, Elsie Approved by:
Luna, Volthare
Macalintal, Ceejay Francis MRS. MARA RAMONA B. CUENCA
Pentenio, John Mark School Principal
Ricarde, Christian Noeh
Segismundo, Nicole Sweetzer

Saint Joseph Academy of San
Jose, Batangas Incorporated
Senior High School
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that I, Ms. Evangeline M. Anadia, is the adviser of the researchers of
Saint Joseph Academy of San Jose, Batangas Incorporated with their research study entitled

46
“Learner’s Assessment of School Health ServicesSchool health services in Saint Joseph

Academy” to make their study well – organized using my knowledge and expertise as a teacher.
__________________________
Ms. Evangeline M. Anadia
Adviser

Saint Joseph Academy of San
Jose, Batangas Incorporated
Senior High School
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that I, Ms. Myrdyl H. Castillo, is the statistician of the researchers of
Saint Joseph Academy of San Jose, Batangas Incorporated with their research study entitled
“Learner’s Assessment of School Health ServicesSchool health services in Saint Joseph
Academy” to make their study well – organized using my knowledge and expertise in the field
of Statistics.

47
____________________________
Ms. Myrdyl H. Castillo
Statistician

Saint Joseph Academy of San Jose,
Batangas Incorporated
Senior High School
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that I, Ms. Merzi A. Badoy, is the validator of the instruments of the
researchers of Saint Joseph Academy of San Jose, Batangas Incorporated with their research
study entitled “Learner’s Assessment of School Health ServicesSchool health services in
Saint Joseph Academy” to make their study well – organized.

48
____________________________
Ms. Merzi A. Badoy
Validator
CURRICULUM VITAE

49
Atienza, Raila Joy R.

Lumil, San Jose Batangas
0963608776
atienzarailajoy@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Date of Birth : October 26, 2002

Place of Birth : Lumil, San Jose, Batangas
Sex : Female
Civil Status : Single
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father’s Name: : Romando M. Atienza
Mother’s Name : Josie R. Atienza
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
Senior High School

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)
Saint Joseph Academy of San Jose, Batangas Incorporated
San Jose, Batangas
April, 2021
Junior High School

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2019

50
Elementary Education
Roman Ozaeta Memorial School
Lumil, San Jose, Batangas
March, 2015
WORK IMMERSION:
CREOTEC Philippines, Inc.

Batangas City
Bernales, Jeimar Ken D.

09950259579
jeimarbernales@gmail.com
Date of Birth : July 11, 2003

Place of Birth : Libertad, Antique
Sex : Male
Father’s Name: : Jonathan R. Bernales
Mother’s Name : Marita D. Bernales
Senior High School

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2021
Junior High School


51
San Jose, Batangas

April, 2019
Roman Ozaeta Memorial School
March, 2015
WORK IMMERSION:

Batangas City
De La Peña, Ruby Jane R.

Salaban II, Ibaan, Batangas
09494026780
rubyjaned7@gmail.com
Date of Birth : April 1, 2003

Place of Birth : Salaban II, Ibaan, Batangas
Sex : Female
Father’s Name: : Roberto V. De La Peña
Mother’s Name : Ma. Rose R. De La Peña
Senior High School

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2021
Junior High School


52
San Jose, Batangas

April, 2019
Padre Imo Luna Memorial Elementary School
J.A De Villa Street, San Jose, Batangas
March 2015
WORK IMMERSION:

Batangas City
Estolano, Lambert
Galamay-Amo, San Jose, Batangas
09285682613
lambertestolano@gmail.com

Place of Birth : Cuenca District Hospital
Sex : Male
Father’s Name: : Lito G. Estolano
Mother’s Name : Nancy V. Estolano
Senior High School

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2021
Junior High School


53
San Jose, Batangas

April, 2019
Galamay-Amo Elementary School
March 2015
WORK IMMERSION:

Batangas City
Guce, Aiza Joy H.
09106481788
Aizaguce5@gmail.com
Date of Birth : May 6, 2003

Place of Birth : Banay-Banay District Hospital
Sex : Female
Father’s Name: : Rogelio P. Guce
Mother’s Name : Vilma H. Guce
Senior High School

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2021
Junior High School


54
San Jose, Batangas

April, 2019
Galamay-Amo Elementary School
March 2015
WORK IMMERSION:

Batangas City
Hernandez, Rose Ann O.
Lapo lapo 1st, San Jose, Batangas
09561624637
rh032803@gmail.com
Date of Birth : March 28, 2003

Place of Birth : San Jose District Hospital
Sex : Female
Father’s Name: : Rodolfo I. Hernandez
Mother’s Name : Renilda O. Hernandez
Senior High School

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2021
Junior High School

San Jose, Batangas

55
April, 2019
March 2015
WORK IMMERSION:

Batangas City
Ladores, Elsie C.
Brgy. Aguila Sitio Quipot, San Jose, Batangas
09108862640
elsiecadornaladores19@gmail.com
Date of Birth : March 19, 2003

Place of Birth : Dasmariñas Lying-in Clinic
Sex : Female
Father’s Name: : Carlo M. Ladores
Mother’s Name : Marial Lee C. Ladores
Senior High School

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2021
Junior High School

San Jose, Batangas

56
April, 2019
Benigna Dimatatac Memorial Elementary School
Calansayan, San Jose, Batangas
March 2015
WORK IMMERSION:

Batangas City
Luna, Volthare D.
09634075247
lunavolthare@gmail.com
Date of Birth : May 9, 2003

Place of Birth : Galamay-Amo, San Jose, Batangas
Sex : Male
Father’s Name: : Arnold M. Luna
Mother’s Name : Melanie D. Luna
Senior High School

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2021

57
Junior High School

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2019
March 2015
WORK IMMERSION:

Batangas City
Macalintal, Cee jay Francis
Banay-banay 1st, San Jose, Batangas
09164371898
ceejaymacalintal12@gmail.com

Place of Birth : San Jose District Hospital
Sex : Male
Father’s Name: : Joselito A. Macalintal
Mother’s Name : Magielyn Q. Macalintal
Senior High School

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2021
Junior High School

58

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2019
March 2015
WORK IMMERSION:

Batangas City
Pentenio, John Mark P.

Balagtasin, San Jose, Batangas
092976456363
penteniojohnmark@gmail.com
Date of Birth : September 12, 2002

Place of Birth : Banay-Banay District Hospital
Sex : Male
Father’s Name: : Rico P. Pentenio
Mother’s Name : Jocelyn P. Pentenio
Senior High School

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2021

59
Junior High School

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2019
Balagtasin Elementary School
Balagtasin, San Jose, Batangas
March 2015
WORK IMMERSION:

Batangas City
Ricarde, Christian Noeh V.
Calansayan, San Jose, Batangas
09367712632
christiannoeh5@gmail.com
Date of Birth : June 3, 2003

Place of Birth : Rosaro, Mabunga, Batangas
Sex : Male
Father’s Name: : Noel Ricarde
Mother’s Name : Marisa Ricarde
Senior High School

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2021
Junior High School

60

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2019
March 2015
WORK IMMERSION:

Batangas City
Segismundo, Nicole Sweetzer M.

Bon Giorno Homes, Munting Pulo, Lipa City
09072569869
Sweet.lohr@gmail.com
Date of Birth : July 12, 2003

Place of Birth : Lipa City
Sex : Female
Father’s Name: : Renato G. Segismundo
Mother’s Name : Michelle M. Segismundo
Senior High School

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2021
Junior High School

61

San Jose, Batangas
April, 2019
March 2015
WORK IMMERSION:

Batangas City

62

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SAINT JOSEPH ACADEMY

Senior High School Department

Background of the Study

Humanities and Social Sciences

Humanities and Social Sciences

Statement of the Problem

Specifically, iIt seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:

Humanities and Social Sciences

Purpose of the study

Scope, Delimitation, and Limitation

Humanities and Social Sciences

Significance of the Sstudy

Humanities and Social Sciences

Humanities and Social Sciences

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Humanities and Social Sciences

Humanities and Social Sciences

Some students suffer from injuries/illness because of bullying/assaults. Schools and

Humanities and Social Sciences

School Health Personnel

Humanities and Social Sciences

Humanities and Social Sciences

School Health ServicesSchool health services (SHS)

A health-promoting school is a school in which all members of the school community

Humanities and Social Sciences

Factors Affecting School Services

By providing school based health services to young people is increasingly

Humanities and Social Sciences

Humanities and Social Sciences

Humanities and Social Sciences

A study entitled “A closer look”, examined a systematic random sample of public-school

Humanities and Social Sciences

Humanities and Social Sciences

Humanities and Social Sciences

Humanities and Social Sciences

Population and Sampling

Humanities and Social Sciences

Data Gathering Instrument

Humanities and Social Sciences

Data Gathering Procedure

Humanities and Social Sciences

Humanities and Social Sciences

Statistical Treatment of Data. The statistical instrumentsinstrument employed in the

Correlational Relationship. There is no correlation, a zero correlation exists when there is no

I. Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Humanities and Social Sciences

13 years old 22 17%

It also shows that 17 (13%) of the respondents are 18 years old.

Humanities and Social Sciences

Humanities and Social Sciences

Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to their Section

Humanities and Social Sciences

Humanities and Social Sciences

II. Assessing School Health ServicesSchool health services

Facilities Frequency Percentage

Humanities and Social Sciences

Medical Supplies 103 82%

Humanities and Social Sciences

Humanities and Social Sciences

(essential component for any tactical medical kit)

Humanities and Social Sciences