Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Employment and Productivity
Employment and Productivity
Exercise 7. Fill in the missing words in the text below and then translate it into Ukrainian. Use the given
vocabulary:
low-income countries – низькодоходні країни;
work on the land – працювати на землі;
mechanical farm equipment – фермерське механічне знаряддя;
scarce – наявний у недостатній кількості;
output per worker – випуск продукції на одного робітника;
desert areas – пустельні простори;
poor supplies – незначні запаси;
small-scale industry – дрібносерійне виробництво;
not favorable to – не сприяти;
grow at an encouraging rate – досягти економічного зросту темпами, вселяючими оптимізм;
handicapped – паралізований;
port facilities – портові споруди;
electricity supplies – електропостачання;
lacking in education – недостатньо освічені;
water supplies – водопостачання;
handicraft methods – методи ручної праці;
underemployment – неповна зайнятість;
disguised unemployment – приховане безробіття;
rapid growth of population – швидке зростання кількості населення;
urban areas – території міст;
younger age groups – молодші вікові групи;
dominate – домінувати;
possess valuable mineral deposits – володіти цінними родовищами корисних копалин;
be employed in a job – працювати на робочому місці;
peasant holdings – ділянки, орендовані селянами;
low level of physical performance – низький фізичний економічний показник;
technical training – технічне навчання.
In low- ___countries, 70 per cent or more of the labor force____(2) on the land. Tractors and other types of
mechanical farm_________(3) are very scarce. The__________(4) per worker in agriculture is extremely low compared
with that in Europe and North America.
Many developing countries have very poor ____ (5) of natural resources. Features common to many of them
arc soil lacking in fertility, large desert_________(6) and climates which are not _______(7) to high productivity
because they are too dry or too hot. Some of the developing countries which have grown at an encouraging
___________(8) have been fortunate enough to ________ (9) valuable mineral_________(10) such as oil.
Developing countries are severely ___ (11) by their lack of _________ (12) supplies, water (13),
transport and farming equipment, good roads and railways, port_____(14), and other capital goods. They have very
little________(15) technology – human beings and animals do virtually all the work in agriculture, and_______(16)
methods _______________(17) small- _______ (18) industry.
In developing countries, the rapid ___ (19) of population has been accompanied by a large-scale (20) of people
from the___________(21) areas to the towns and cities. This has created serious unemployment problems in these
urban___________(22), especially among the younger__________(23) groups. ____(24), or________(25)
unemployment, is also a serious problem. For example, ten people may be _______(26) in a job for which only six are
needed. This situation applies especially in agriculture where peasant _____(27) are very small but all the members of
the peasant's family work on the family plot.
Workers are lacking in ___ (28) and especially in _______ (29) training. This, together with relatively low
standards of health (especially in tropical regions), often means a low level of physical_________(30).