The electric torch or flashlight

General classification A flashlight or an electric Linking verbs (is, are)

torch is a hand-held,
portable, electrically
powered light source.

Description of use It is commonly used for The simple present tense

finding keyholes, (find, consists, rests, forms)
supplementing dark-adapted
vision, or helping you find
your way when walking in
the dark.

The inventor (optional, if The electric torch was The simple past is used for
available) invented in 1902 by Conrad history of the invention (was
Hubert, who was also invented, was also known)
known as Akiba Horowitz.

Parts of the device A typical flashlight consists

of a light bulb mounted in a
reflector with a transparent
cover to protect the light
source and reflector, a Passive forms in the present
battery, and a switch. These tense (is commonly used,
are supported and protected are supported and
by a plastic case. protected, is connected, is
enclosed)
The central part of a torch is
the battery. The bottom of
the bulb rests on the
positive terminal of the
battery. The zinc case of the Noun phrase (a flashlight,
battery forms the negative keyholes, light bulb)
terminal. The negative
terminal of the battery is
connected to the switch by a
brass strip. Another brass
strip runs from the switch to
the metal case of the bulb.

The bulb contains a very

thin wire called a filament.
The filament, made of a
tungsten alloy, is enclosed
in a vacuum. The filament
rests on two glass columns.
Two wires pass through the
columns and the whole
assembly is enclosed in a
thin glass envelope.
 Dishwasher

Text organization A dishwasher is a device Language elements

1. ……………… that can easily be found in 6. Linking verbs
restaurants and private ____________________
homes. It is very useful ____________________
because it helps people
clean dishes and eating-
utensils. 7. The simple past
____________________
In 1887, Josephine ____________________
2. …………….. Cochrane invented the first
Consist of: dishwasher. She made the
3. ……………. machine because her 8. The simple present
4. ……………. servants often broke her ____________________
lovely ceramic dishes. Since ____________________
then dishwashers have
continuously improved until
today. Modern dishwashers 9. Passive sentences
are made of stainless steel ____________________
and consist of a front ____________________
drawing-door for loading
The function of the factual dishes, a wire rack for the
report is: dirty crockery, a rotating 10. Noun phrases
5. …………... sprayer and a drying ____________________
element. The standard width ____________________
and depth is 60 cm or 24
inches in Europe and in the
US.

Dishwashers clean the dirt

from the dishes by spraying
hot water, typically between
55 and 75⁰C. the water is
mixed with detergent. Then
the mixture is pumped by
rotating spray arms which
spray it onto the dishes.
When the washing process
finishes, the water is drained
and more hot water is
pumped in for a rinsing
process. The final process is
to heat the dishes to dry
them. The whole process
needs 15 to 20 minutes.