Activity-Based Learning Plan

Name of Teacher: RAMIL M. EYALAS Level: JHS

ALS CLC: LOWER LODIONG ALS CLC Schedule:
Activity No. 12 Beneficial contribution of light, sound, and heat energy Session No. 5
ALS Learning Strand: LS2- Scientific Literacy and Critical Thinking Skills
Competency:
1. Infer the conditions necessary for heat transfer to occur (LS2SC-PS-PSF-JHS-31)
2. Describe how light, heat, and sound affect the quality-of-life (LS2SC-PS-PSF-JHS-44)
3. Enumerating uses of light, sound, and heat energy.
Learning Intent: 1. Describe conditions needed for heat transfer to occur.
2. Account for the beneficial contribution of light, sound, and heat energy to the quality of life.
3. Predict how light travels.
4. Discuss the significance of the reflection of light.
Value Emphasis: Demonstrate scientific values and desirable attitudes in dealing with various life
situations
Reference: https://www.uen.org/core/science/sciber/TRB6/downloads/06literacy.pdf
https://www.vedantu.com/physics/light-energy https://sciencesource.pearsoncanada.ca/quizzes/quiz_10_4fY7Rd.htm
https://www.cabarrus.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01910456/Centricity/Domain/4366/Energy-transfer-conductionconvectionradiation.ppt
https://education.jlab.org/jsat/powerpoint/0708_conduction_convection_radiation.ppt

A. Concept Notes (Main Idea and Details) HOW HEAT ENERGY TRANSFER TO OCCUR

Illustration 1 Illustration 2

Illustration 3

3 Ways Heat Energy is Transfer to Occur

Write the number of illustrations according to the term in the column. Write your idea to
describe the condition of the transfer of heat energy.

Conduction Convection Radiation

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B. Checking for Understanding
Each question is a multiple-choice question with four answer choices. Read each question and
carefully choose the ONE best answer. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following materials would not work well to block the conduction of heat?
a. Tin foil c. An insulated coffee mug
b. Fur d. Mittens

2. Which of the following statements about convection is true?

a. Convection always involves the circulation of a liquid or gas
b. Convection can only occur during the process of boiling
c. Convection occurs between solids only at high temperatures
d. All types of currents are convection currents

3. A gardener carefully places her outdoor thermometer in a shady location out of direct sunlight, so
that it doesn't give incorrectly high readings. What method of heat transfer is she trying to avoid?
a. Convection c. Conduction
b. Radiation d. Induction

4. Which of the following statements about radiation heat transfer is true?

a. Radiant heat transfer explains why a spoon in a cup of hot tea soon feels warm
b. Radiation heat transfer does not involve particles
c. A radiant heat source transfers heat by energizing the molecules of air around it
d. Only glowing objects can be a radiant heat source

5. Which one of the following materials would best allow infrared waves to pass through it?
a. Black paper c. Orange juice
b. Clear glass d. Tin foil

6. Light that bounces back has been _______________

a. Transferred c. absorbed
b. heated up d. reflected

7. What object can change electrical energy into light energy?

a. A candle c. A lamp
b. A fire d. A radio

8. A shadow is caused by
a. light being blocked by an object c. too much light in the room
b. a lack of light in the room d. an object reflecting light

a. When you are riding a bicycle at night, your bicycle’s reflectors help people in cars see your
bicycle. How do bicycle reflectors work?
a. They are made of a special material that gives off its own light.
b. They are hooked up to batteries that allow them to produce light.
c. They are covered with paint that glows in the dark.
d. They bounce light back from other sources.

10. A student sees a mirror image of a duck in the water of the lake. What causes this mirror image?
a. Black light coming from under the water
b. Refracted light bending through the water
c. Reflected light bouncing off the surface of the water
d. Absorbed light given off by the water
 C. Collaborative Learning Activity (Buzz Groups)

The class will be divided into 3 groups. In 5 minutes, each group will be discussing on a
particular topic assigned to them (Uses of light, sound, and heat energy). The discussion is
informal and they exchange the ideas for generating information. The group do record the
discussion for the presentation.

Group 1 - Uses of light energy.

Group 2 - Uses of sound energy.

Group 3 - Uses heat energy.

D. Processing the Learning Experiences

E. Synthesizing
Aha! And Huh?
Write down 2 “AHAs!” (something you learned about Beneficial contribution of light, sound,
and heat energy) and 2 “HUHs?” (things you still have questions about Beneficial
contribution of light, sound, and heat energy)
References

Heat, Light and Sound

1. Heat, Light and Sound Sarah Jones news.softpedia.com
2. Heat • Temperature – measured with a thermometer. • Heat – is described as the total energy of
all particles within an object. • 2L of water at 100°C has more energy than 1L of water at 100°C . It
has twice as many particles and therefore, twice as much heat energy.
3. 1L of water will heat quicker than 2L because there are fewer particles. The particles each absorb
more energy and move faster.
4. Temperature • Is an indicator of how hot or cold something is. • Hotter substances have particles
that are moving faster (more kinetic energy) than cooler substances. allisonarchived.com
5. • Liquids expand when heated and contract when cooled – this is how a glass thermometer
works. • Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius °C, degrees Fahrenheit °F, and Kelvin K.
cnx.org
6. Heat Transfer • Heat flows from areas of higher temperature to areas of lower temperature. •
The greater the temperature difference the faster the heat flows from one object to another.
www.roasterproject.com
7. Conduction • Is heat transfer by vibrating particles. – Heat from warm objects melts ice. – A hot
mug transfers heat to hands. • Conductors (e.g. copper wire) and insulators (e.g. rubber).
8. Convection • When air is heated the particles have more energy and move apart. • Hot air is less
dense than cool air – hot air rises. beodom.com
9. Radiation • The transfer of heat energy from the Sun is by radiation. • Radiation transmits heat
as waves at the speed of light. • All objects release infra-red radiation – the hotter something is the
more heat is radiates. www.bbc.co.uk
10. • Dark coloured objects are good absorbers of heat e.g. a black car. • Light coloured objects
reflect more radiation and heat slower. • Clear materials such as glass transmit radiated heat.
www.widewallz.comm
11. Sound • Sound is produced when something vibrates. • A sound wave occurs when air particles
alternate between being bunched together (compression) and spread out (rarefactions). • Sound
waves rely on particles – either a solid, liquid or gas.
12. • Transverse wave e.g. how an ocean wave travels to the shore while a boat just moves up and
down. • Longitudinal wave – Sound wave i.e. the particles that make up the wave move in the same
direction the wave is travelling. w3.shorecrest.org
13. Speed of Sound • Sound travels faster through a solid than a liquid, and faster through liquids
than gases. – Think about the number of particles in each. • Hard surfaces reflect sound – echo.
Soft surfaces absorb sound and convert it into heat. apod.nasa.gov
14. Frequency and Pitch • A source that vibrates rapidly produces sound of higher pitch
(frequency). • Frequency of a wave is the number of vibrations a sound makes per second. •
Frequency is measured in Hertz, Hz. www.mediacollege.com
15. • Wavelength is the distance between successive peaks (measured in metres). • Ultrasound –
sound waves with frequencies above our hearing range. • Infrasound – lower than our hearing
range. www.widexconnect.ca
16. Light • Light is a form of energy known as electromagnetic radiation. • Light travels as an
electromagnetic wave. • Light travels through the vacuum of space – unlike sound. • It travels at
300 000 km/s thejetlife.com
17. • Light can be transmitted through transparent material (glass), reflected through translucent
material (paper), and reflected or absorbed by opaque material (brick wall). • Luminous objects
emit light.
18. Most objects do not produce there own light. You see them because light bounces off them and
into your eyes. www.universetoday.com
19. Reflection www.elateafrica.org
20. The Law of Reflection allmaths.blogspot.com
21. Plane Mirrors When viewing yourself in a flat mirror your reflection appears reversed. This is
known as lateral inversion. www.telegraph.co.uk
22. Refraction • Refraction occurs when light travels from one transparent substance into another
e.g. air to water. • Light is bent when it travels from water into air. www.clipart.dk.co.uk
dickinsonn.ism-online.org
23. cnx.org www.tutorvista.com
24. • Light travels at different speeds through difference substances – bending or refraction of light
as it passes from one substance to another. • The refractive index is a measure of how easily light
travels through different substances. • Light travels more slowly through glass and diamonds, than
air.
25. Total Internal Reflection cnx.org
26. Convex Lenses Convex lenses cause light rays to converge. www.passmyexams.co.uk
27. Concave Lenses Concave lenses cause light rays to diverge. www.passmyexams.co.uk
28. How We See In the eye, refraction occurs when light passes from the air to the cornea, from the
cornea to the aqueous humor, from the aqueous humor to the lens and from the lens to the
vitreous humor. Light spreading out from one point on an object can therefore be focused on a
particular point on the retina.
29. www.selectspecs.com
30. The wavelengths can be detected by the light-sensitive cells called rods and cones present in
the eye.
31. Cornea - The cornea is the transparent membrane which forms the outer coating at the front of
the eyeball and covers the iris and pupil. It also focuses light on the retina. www.sciencephoto.com
32. Retina - is the light-sensitive inner lining of the back of the eye. Rays of light enter the eye and
are focused on the retina by the cornea and lens. The retina produces an image which is sent along
the optic nerve for the brain to interpret.
33. Lens - a transparent body behind the iris. The lens bends light rays so that they form a clear
image at the back of the eye – on the retina. As the lens is elastic, it can change shape, getting
fatter to focus close objects and thinner for distant objects.
34. Myopia • Short-sightedness • See objects that are close clearly but objects in the distance are
out of focus. fromdoctor.com
35. • Rays from distant objects are focused in front of the retina rather than on the retina. • The
usual cause of myopia is that the eyeball is too long. Some forms of myopia improve with age.
www.eyetalkonline.com
36. Hyperopia • Long-sightedness • See objects that are in the distance clearly but close objects are
out of focus.
37. • Rays from distant objects are focused behind the retina rather than on the retina. • The usual
cause of hyperopia is that the eyeball is too short or that the lens gradually hardens with age,
reducing its power of accommodation. www.rebuildyourvision.com

Light Energy - Uses and Properties of Light Energy

What is Light?
Light is a form of energy. Light plays a very important role in our lives because without it we would
have to survive in the dark walking endlessly without any start or an exit.

We know that the sun is the natural source of light; however, there are other sources that also emit
light such as electric bulbs, candles, torches, kerosene lamps, and so on.

We know that the speed of light is 3 x 108 m/s and nothing can travel faster than this speed.
However, according to the theory of relativity, objects can travel faster than this speed.
What is Light Energy?
The energy produced by vibrations of electrically charged particles is light energy. The examples of
light energy are:

The energy that we use to cook food in a microwave oven is a form of light energy.

Army men use radar to get the searchlight beam on the target.

Radar systems that are used for ATC (air traffic control) use a form of light energy.

What are the types of Light Energy?

Following are types of Light Energy -

Visible Light - They are the form of electromagnetic energy and can be seen only through naked
eyes. Naturally, the Sun is the source of Visible light, Whereas, flashlights, bulbs are some of the
man-made sources.

Infrared Light - They are a form of electromagnetic energy which produces heat. TV remotes, AC
remotes are the most commonly used Infrared light.

X-rays and Ultraviolet Light - They are lights with short wavelengths. Used by doctors to monitor
the inside of a human body.

Properties of Light Energy

Intensity - The rate at which light emits from the source per unit area is the intensity of light, which
is measured in Watts.

Frequency - the number of waves that can pass via a point in space during the time interval.

Wavelength - It is the distance between the two consecutive crests or troughs of a wave.

Polarization - when all the waves vibrate in a single plane, then we can say that the light is
polarized.

Phase - A point in the time period during the cyclic waveform.

Uses of Light Energy

Food formation

Growth of the human body

Regulation of Physiology

Sight and vision

Heat and temperature

Drying & evaporation

For speed regulation

Source of electrical energy

Chemical analysis by spectroscopy

Sanitation of earth

Killing germs viz: microorganisms

Signaling system

Sterilization process

Now, let’s discuss these in detail:

Uses of Light
Food formation

The food we obtain from plants is only possible because of light. A light helps plants in undergoing
photosynthesis. The light obtained by the plants is used in preparing food for itself and for human
beings.

We know that Vitamin D is beneficial for us. So, for gaining this energy for free, Sun is the best
provider of this nutrient.

The light energy we get from the sun can be utilized for domestic purposes like we can use these
for operating solar cookers. We also find the use of sunlight for solar water heaters.

Light is the only source that helps us see beautiful things around us.

Light maintains our body clock

As we can see, we remain active all day and relaxed at night. Similarly, sunflowers rejoice by
spreading their leaves and they always face towards the sunlight; however, they fade after the
sunrise.

In Physics
Visible light in the electromagnetic radiation in the range of an electromagnetic spectrum that is
perceived by the human eye.

A human eye can distinguish between 6,000 shades of a particular color, all this is possible because
of the light. Light has various electromagnetic spectrum, where each spectrum has seven following
colors (VIBGYOR):

Violet
Indigo
Blue
Green

Yellow
Orange
Red

Each of these colors has a unique wavelength and frequency. And when light falls on an object, it
absorbs light of some wavelengths and reflects others.

So, when the light falls on any object, it absorbs some spectra of light and reflects the remaining
and whichever color it reflects, becomes the visible color. However, the colors that are absorbed
are not visible to us, only the color it reflects is visible to us.

In Spectroscopy
We use spectroscopy for both quantitative and qualitative analysis of various compounds; however,
all this is possible because of light. Spectroscopy also has many forms and these vary with the
wavelength of light used in each.

For Sterilization
The ultraviolet component of light is an excellent sterilizing agent. You might’ve noticed the use of
UV lamps in supermarkets and hospitals; these UV lamps are the best sterilizers.

The UV rays kill the microbes in the air keeping the area of the supermart or hospital sterile. That’s
why UV light is considered a dry method of sterilization.

Sunlight is one of the effective sterilizing agents that helps kill all the microbes present in the
blankets or other mattresses of hospitals.

Light as a Source of Drying and Evaporation

Sunlight helps in the drying of wet clothes, the soil, forests, air, and rocky surfaces due to their
ability to heat up. Light also helps water evaporate from oceans and ponds. This drying is helpful in
the following two ways to live on earth:

1. Water Cycle:
The water cycle is a way by which freshwater on the earth’s surface keeps recycling for drinking and
irrigation purposes. The water from the surface evaporates to form clouds.

These clouds burst in the form of raindrops to return the freshwater to the surface of the earth. So
because of the rain, we get fresh water to drink and also use it for irrigation.

Without the water cycle, all the water on the earth would have remained in the ocean we would
have no water to drink.

2. Scavenging:
Sunlight keeps our nature clean. Sunlight prevents the growth of weeds, algae, and other microbes
keeping the environment clean and tidy.

Because of the sunlight, the dead bodies and other waste material get dried and lose their mass,
and degrade (reduced in quantity) fast.
Key Points from the Chapter:
Light is a form of energy

There are two types of sources: natural and manmade, Sun is the natural source whereas, bulbs,
candles, lights are the man-made sources.

The speed of light is the fastest

Light and Energy has various uses and applications

Without light, the process of food formation and the very existence of life on the Earth will be
impossible