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The following are some of the theories involving child development that have
been proposed by these well-known theorists:
Here are three levels of moral development, with each level consisting of
different stages:
2 to 3 months
Begin to smile
Coos, makes gurgling noises
Turn head toward sounds
Follow objects with eyes
Hold head and chest up when prone
4 to 5 months
Smile spontaneously
Cooing and babbling when spoken to
Grasp objects
Rolls over by self
Hold head steady, unsupported
6 to 7 months
One of the leading causes of physical injury and death among children is
motor vehicle accidents. An effective measure to prevent these injuries is
the use of protective equipment such as car seats. Choosing the right car
seat will depend on the age, weight, and developmental needs of the child.
Types of Car Seats
Rear-facing car seats (birth until the age of 2-4 yrs). Infants and
toddlers should be placed in a rear-facing car seat until they reach the
maximum weight or height permitted by their car safety seat manufacturer.
Forward-facing car seat (until at least age 5). When the children start to
outgrow their rear-facing seat, they should be restrained in a forward-
facing car seat until they reach the maximum weight or height restriction of
their car seat.
Booster seat. Once the children outgrow their forward-facing seat, they
should be buckled in a booster seat until seat belts fit properly. This usually
occurs when the children are 4 feet and 9 inches tall and age between 8-
12.
Seat belt. A shift to a seat belt is allowed when the child can sit with his or
her back straight against the vehicle seat back cushion and the knees are
bent over the edge with the absence of slouching. Children under age 13
should be properly buckled in the back seat.