PILGRIM CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

THE DISTIBUTION
OF SCORE SCALES OF
MEASUREMENT
PRESENTED BY: CAHANAP, ANGEL MARIE
CANETE, RONNIE
ISOBAL, SHANNEN
LABNAO, IMEE CHARISH
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To identify the four To compare and contrast
01 02 the similarities and
measurement level
differences of the four
measurement level
To apply and use the
03 information obtained
about this lesson in
future professional
endeavors
 HARVARD UNIVERSITY

STANLEY SMITH
STEVEN
A psychologists at Harvard University who developed
the theory of the four levels of measurement in year
1946 when he published an article in Science entitled,
"On the Theory of Scales of Measurement." In this
famous article, Stevens argued that all measurement
is conducted using four measurement levels.
1.Nominal
2.Ordinal
3.Interval
4.Ratio
or NOIR
The nominal and ordinal levels are considered categorical measures while the
interval and ratio levels are viewed as quantitative measures.
Knowing the level of measurement of your data is critically important as the
techniques used to display, summarize, and analyze the data depend on their
level of measurement.
For Instance of Nominal
Level
1. The number on

THE NOMINAL
an athlete's
uniform
2. Gender

3. Ethnicity LEVEL
4. Hair color The nominal level of measurement is the simplest level.
"Nominal" means "existing in name only." With the nominal
5. Nationality level of measurement all we can do is to name or label things.
Even when we use numbers, these numbers are only names.
6. Age We cannot perform any arithmetic with nominal level data. All
we can do is count the frequencies with which the things
occur.
With nominal level of measurement, no meaningful order is
implied. This means we can re-order our list of variables
without affecting how we look at the relationship among these
variables.
THE ORDINAL LEVEL
The ordinal level of measurement is a more sophisticated scale
than the nominal level. This scale enables us to order the items
of interest using ordinal numbers. Ordinal numbers denote an
item's position or rank in a sequence: First, second, third, and so
on. But, we lack a measurement of the distance, or intervals,
between ranks. For example, let's say we observed a horse race.
The order of finish is Rosebud #1, Sea Biscuit #2, and Kappa
Gamma #3. We lack information about the difference in time or
distance that separated the horses as they crossed the finish
line.
For example, let's say we observed a horse race. The order
of finish is Rosebud #1, Sea Biscuit #2, and Kappa Gamma
#3. We lack information about the difference in time or
distance that separated the horses as they crossed the
finish line.
 THE INTERVAL LEVEL
With the interval level of measurement we have quantitative data. Like the ordinal level, the interval level
has an inherent order. But, unlike the ordinal level, we do have the distance between intervals on the
scale. The interval level, however, lacks a real, non-arbitrary zero.
To repeat, here are three characteristics of the interval level:
1. The values have a meaningful order
2. The distances between the ranks are measureable
3. There is no "true" or natural zero
Example: Temperature
60 °C
20 °C
10 °C
-15 °C
 THE RATIO LEVEL
The last and most sophisticated level of measurement is the ratio level. As with the
ordinal and interval levels, the data have an inherent order. And, like the interval level,
we can measure the intervals between the ranks with a measurable scale of values. But,
unlike the interval level, we now have meaningful zero. The addition of a non-arbitrary
zero allows use to calculate the numerical relationship between values using ratios:
fractions, proportions, and percentages.
FOR INSTANCE:
Mass
80kg
40kg
10kg
0 kg

Examples of ratio scale measures include:
1. Height
2. Income
3. Distance travelled
4. Time elapsed or time remaining
5. Money in your bank account, wallet, or pocket

THANK YOU FOR

LISTENING!