UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMAICA

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT (MAN1006)

PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT (MAN1001)

Tutorial Sheet
Unit 2 – The Evolution of Management

1. Identify the historical forces that affect the practice of management. Explain, with the use of examples,
how they have influenced the practice of management.

2. Place the various management perspectives in chronological order, indicating the years during which they
were practiced/recognized in organizations.

3. Describe the components of The Classical and Humanistic Management perspectives, providing the
following details:
i. Why or how the perspective emerged
ii. Main Advocates – name, occupation and theories
iii. Contributions to the practice of management
iv. Criticisms

4. Provide a brief background to the Hawthorne Studies to include:

a) The management perspective to which it is accredited. Who conducted the experiments? Where and
why? Describe the experiments. What were the main findings?
To what concept of management does this series of study apply?
b) Explain what is meant by “The Hawthorne Effect”. What was its significance in this study?

5. Describe the Management Science Perspective, to include:

a) Another name for “Management Science”.
b) What disciplines are associated with this perspective and for what purpose were they used?
c) The contributions of these perspectives to modern day management.

6. a) Describe the Behavioural Sciences Approach, giving examples of how it has been applied or
used by some businesses.
b) Organization Development is one of the management techniques in the behavioural sciences approach.
Explain how it evolved and how it is applied in organizations.

7. a) Of all the perspectives discussed, which one has remained most prevalent from the 1950s until
today?
b) Identify three new concepts that have emerged since post-WWII, which show strong
interest in the human aspect of managing, such as team and group dynamics.
c) Provide a description of each concept, to include advocates where possible, unique components and
what caused them to come about.
d) What are the contributions of these concepts to modern day management?

1 Revised Aug. 2018 - CH

True or False
For each item, indicate “T” for True or “F” for False. For each false item, you should provide an explanation.

1. The humanistic perspective contains three subfields: scientific management, bureaucratic organizations,
and administrative principles. _________________

2. Scientific management developed a standard method for performing each job. ______________

3. Follett and Barnard were early advocates of a more humanistic perspective on management that
emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior, needs, and attitudes in the workplace as well as
social interactions and group processes. ______________________________________

4. Most early interpretations of the Hawthorne studies agreed that money was the cause of the increased
output. ______________________________

5. According to Douglas McGregor, Theory X and Theory Y provide two opposing views of workers, where
Theory X recognizes that workers enjoy achievement and responsibility, while Theory Y recognizes that
workers will avoid work whenever possible. ____________________________________

6. Contingency theory suggests that managers are more successful if they learn the best way to manage and
motivate their employees, and then apply this knowledge in a universally consistent way. _______________

7. Information technology is the most recent subfield of the quantitative perspective. ____________________

8. The acceptance theory of authority states that people have free will and can choose whether to follow
management orders. _________________________________________

9. There are four components to the systems theory: inputs, outputs, feedback and the Customers. ____________

10. Operations management represents the field of management that specializes in the physical production of goods and
services. ___________________________________

2 Revised Aug. 2018 - CH

Multiple Choice
Circle the letter that corresponds with the BEST answer to each question.

11. ____ forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.
a. Social
b. Political
c. Economic
d. Technological
e. Legal

12. Which of these perspectives emphasize a rational, scientific approach to the study of management and sought to
make organizations efficient operating machines?
a. The human relations movement
b. The behavioral sciences approach
c. The scientific management movement
d. The quantitative management approach
e. The TQM approach

13. Frank Gilbreth felt that efficiency equated with ____.

a. one best way to do work
b. leadership flows from the top down
c. procedures and policies
d. scientific management
e. bureaucracy

14. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs started with which of these needs?

a. Esteem
b. Love
c. Safety
d. Physiological
e. Belongingness

15. ____ is considered the "father of scientific management."

a. Frank B. Gilbreth
b. Elton Mayo
c. Henry Gantt
d. Douglas McGregor
e. Frederick W. Taylor

16. The teamwork philosophy is based in part on the assumption that five people working together can produce
more than five people working individually. This philosophy is consistent with the concept of
a. transformation.
b. entropy.
c. synergy.
d. feedback.
e. quality.

3 Revised Aug. 2018 - CH

 17. Which of these is a major criticism of scientific management?
a. It ignored the social context of work.
b. It ignored the impact of compensation on performance.
c. It overemphasized individual differences.
d. It overemphasized the intelligence of workers.
e. It emphasized the social context of work.

18. According to Weber's ideas on bureaucracy, organizations should be based on which of these?
a. Personal loyalty
b. Personal references
c. Rational authority
d. Family ties
e. Charismatic authority

19 ____ is a process whereby companies find out how others do something better than they do and then
try to imitate or improve on it.
a. TQM
b. Continuous improvement
c. Benchmarking
d. Empowerment
e. MBO

20. A social group within an organization is part of the

a. formal organizational structure.
b. informal organization.
c. scalar chain.
d. reorganization process.
e. top management level.

4 Revised Aug. 2018 - CH