SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

General Biology 1
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
General Biology 1 – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
First Edition, 2020

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General Biology 1
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Biology 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

(Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells) !

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from
public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

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Welcome to the General Biology 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
(Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells)!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict
skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence,
the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered
to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time.
Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to take.
If you get all the answers correct (100%), you
may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced

to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a
poem, a problem opener, an activity or a
situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice

to solidify your understanding and skills of the
topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help

you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

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 mastery in achieving the learning competency.
Assessment

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this

module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you
are now using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

Lesson 1: Prokaryotic Cells

Lesson 2: Eukaryotic Cells

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Compare and contrast the structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

2. Compare the relative sizes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

3. Construct a 3-D model of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is an example of prokaryotic cell?

a. Plant cell c. Bacterial cell
b. Animal cell d. Eukaryotic cell
2. Which of the following would be examples of eukaryotic cell?
a. Plants and Bacteria
b. Prokaryotes and Animals
c. Plants and Animals
d. Animals and Bacteria
3. A cell has a nucleus, is complex and large, and has membrane bound organelles.
What type of cell is this?
a. Eukaryotic c. Bacteria
b. Prokaryotic d. Protist
4. A cell has circular DNA, is small and simple, and no nucleus or membrane bound
organelles. What type of cell is this?
a. Plant c. Eukaryotic
b. Animal d. Prokaryotic
5. Which of the following is not a difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell?
a. The size of the cells
b. The complexity of the cells
c. The age of the cells
d. Having a nucleus
6. Which of the following statement is true?
a. Prokaryotic cells came before eukaryotic cells
b. Eukaryotic cells do not have nucleus, Prokaryotic cells do
c. Eukaryotic cells are simple, Prokaryotic cells are complex
d. Prokaryotic cells are bigger that eukaryotic cells
7. Where can you find the DNA in prokaryotic cells?
a. cytoplasm c. ribosome
b. nucleus d. golgi apparatus
8. Where can you find the DNA in eukaryotic cells?
a. cytoplasm c. ribosome
b. nucleus d. golgi apparatus
9. Which of the following features are common in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a. a membrane bound nucleus
b. a cell wall
c. flagella or cilia
d. linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein
10. What is the name of the region where double stranded single circular DNA is
found in the prokaryotic cell?
a. Protonucleus c. nucleoid
b. nucleus d. nucleoplasm

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 11. In prokaryotic cells, ribosomes are
a. 70S c. 60S + 40S
b. 80S d. 50S + 40S
12. In prokaryotes, the hair like outgrowths which attach to the surface of other
bacterial cells is
a. flagella c. capsule
b. pili d. plasmids
13. How many times larger is a eukaryotic cell than a prokaryotic cell?
a. 5 times c. 30 times
b. 10 times d. 12 times
14. Which type of cell has membrane bound organelles?
a. prokaryotic cell c. bacterial cell
b. eukaryotic cell d. plant cell
15. Which of the following is the typical feature of a prokaryotic cell?
a. absence of DNA c. absence of RNA
b. absence of nucleus d. absence of cell wall

Lesson Biology: Prokaryotic vs.

Eukaryotic Cells

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 3
Take a moment and look at yourself. How many organisms do you see? Your first

thought might be that there's just one: yourself. However, if you were to look closer, at the

surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract, you would see that there are actually many

organisms living there. That’s right - you are home to around 100 trillion bacterial cells!

This means that your body is actually an ecosystem. It also means that you—for

some definition of the word you—actually consist of both of the major types of cells:

prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

What’s In

Who proposed the cell theory?

What are the postulates of cell theory?
How do cell organelles differ in terms of their structure and function?

Notes to the Teacher

It is significant that learners had background on the structure and function
of major and subcellular organelles. They should familiarize also with the
postulates of cell theory that being discussed on the previous modules.

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 What’s New

Activity 1: VENN DIAGRAM

1. Observe the figure below.
2. Compare and contrast prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell using Venn
diagram.

3. Write your answer on the diagram.

PROKARYOTIC CELL EUKARYOTIC CELL

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 What is It

Comparing Prokaryotic Cell and Eukaryotic Cell

Cells fall into one of two broad categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The predominantly
single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are classified as prokaryotes
(pro– = before; –karyon– = nucleus). Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, and protists are
eukaryotes (eu– = true).

Components of Prokaryotic Cell

All cells share four common components:
1) a plasma membrane, an outer covering that separates the cell’s interior from its
surrounding environment;
2) cytoplasm, consisting of a jelly-like region within the cell in which other cellular
components are found;
3) DNA, the genetic material of the cell; and
4) ribosomes, particles that synthesize proteins. However, prokaryotes differ from
eukaryotic cells in several ways.

Figure 1. This figure shows the generalized structure of a prokaryotic cell.

A prokaryotic cell is a simple, single-celled (unicellular) organism that lacks a
nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelle. We will shortly come to see that
this is significantly different in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic DNA is found in the central
part of the cell: a darkened region called the nucleoid (Figure 1).
Unlike Archaea and eukaryotes, bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan,
comprised of sugars and amino acids, and many have a polysaccharide capsule
(Figure 1). The cell wall acts as an extra layer of protection, helps the cell maintain
its shape, and prevents dehydration. The capsule enables the cell to attach to

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surfaces in its environment. Some prokaryotes have flagella, pili, or fimbriae. Flagella
are used for locomotion. Pili are used to exchange genetic material during a type of
reproduction called conjugation. Fimbriae are protein appendages used by bacteria
to attach to other cells.

Components of Eukaryotic Cell

What are the key features of eukaryotic cells? Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic
cells have:
1. A membrane-bound nucleus, a central cavity surrounded by membrane that
houses the cell’s genetic material.
2. A number of membrane-bound organelles, compartments with specialized
functions that float in the cytosol. (Organelle means “little organ,” and this
name reflects that the organelles, like the organs of our body, have unique
functions as part of a larger system.)
3. Multiple linear chromosomes, as opposed to the single circular chromosome
of a prokaryote.

Eukaryotic cells are much more complicated than those of prokaryotes. They are
packed with a fascinating array of subcellular structures that play important roles in
energy balance, metabolism, and gene expression.
A eukaryote is an organism made up of one or more eukaryotic cells. All multicellular
organisms are made of eukaryotic cells. The DNA of a eukaryotic cell is found in an
internal compartment of the cell called the nucleus. All eukaryotic cells have
membrane-bound organelles. An organelle is a small structure found in the
cytoplasm that carries out specific activities inside the cell. Each organelle in a
eukaryotic cell performs distinct functions. The complex organization of eukaryotic
cells enables them to carry out more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes
The difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes are detailed below.
Characteristic Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

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Size of cell Typically 0.1-5.0 mm in Typically 10-100 mm in
diameter diameter
Nucleus No nuclear membrane or True nucleus, consisting
nucleoli of nuclear membrane and
nucleoli
Membrane-enclosed Absent Present; examples include
organelles lysosomes, golgi complex,
endoplasmic reticulum,
mitochondria and
chloroplast
Flagella Consist of two protein Complex, consist of
building blocks multiple microtubules
Glycocalyx Present as a capsule or Present in some cells that
slime layer lack a cell wall
Cell Wall Usually present; When present, chemically
chemically complex simple
(typical bacterial cell wall
includes peptidoglycan)
Plasma membrane No carbohydrates and Sterols and carbohydrates
generally lacks sterols that serve as receptors
present
Cytoplasm No cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton
Ribosomes Smaller size (70S) Larger size (80S); smaller
size (70S) in organelles
Chromosome (DNA Single circular Multiple linear
Arrangment) chromosome; lack chromosomes with
histones histones
Cell division Binary fission Mitosis
Sexual reproduction No meiosis Involves Meiosis

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 What’s More

Activity 1. Understanding Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell

1. Student must construct a 3-D model of either a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell.
2. Students may use any recyclable materials.
3. After constructing a 3-D model, complete the table below.

I. Under each type of cell, write check mark if the cell structure is present and x mark
if absent.
CELL STRUCTURE PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC BOTH
CELL CELL
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
DNA
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Vacuoles
Endoplasmic
reticulum (rough)
Chloroplast
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Ribosomes
Lysosomes

II. How big are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

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 What I Have Learned

1. There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
2. Both cells share four common components such as plasma membrane, cytoplasm,
DNA and ribosomes.
3. Prokaryotic cells are small and simple. They lacks nucleus and membrane bound
organelles.
4. Eukaryotic cell contains nucleus and may organelles.
5. The prokaryotic cell is approximately 10x smaller than eukaryotic cell.
6. Two cells differ from size and complexity.
7. Organelle is a tiny organ which has a specialized structure that performs important
cellular functions within a cell.
8. Nucleus is a structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA.

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 What I Can Do

To relate the topic in our real life situation, answer the following questions.
How do individual differ from one another?
What are your role and responsibility as a good citizen of our country?
How do you relate yourself to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Why are you unique?

Assessment

Write the answer to these questions in complete sentences.

1. The cell shown below is a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell. How do you know?

2. Which of these structures do prokaryotes and eukaryotes share? List all

that apply
a. nucleus b. cell wall c. organelles d. plasma membrane
e. ribosomes

3. DNA is the genetic code of all organisms. Describe the location of DNA in
both types of cells.

4. Compare the sizes of a typical prokaryote verses a eukaryote.

5. In paragraph form, compare and contrast the structure of prokaryotic and

eukaryotic cells.

Write TRUE if the statement is correct, otherwise if it is false, change the

underlined words to make the statement correct.

6. Prokaryotic cell has a membrane bound nucleus.

7. Eukaryotic cell is 20x bigger than prokaryotic cell.
8. Eukaryotic cell has a membrane bound organelles.
9. DNA can be found in cytoplasm of prokaryotic cell.

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10. DNA can be found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cell.
11. Plant cell is an example of eukaryotic cell.
12. Eukaryotes contain DNA and ribosomes.
13. Prokaryotic is bigger than eukaryotic cell.
14. The cell wall acts as an extra layer of protection.
15. Prokaryotic cells are small and simple.

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 19
What I Know What’s More What I Know
1. A CS P EC BOTH 1. The cell is a eukaryotic
C cell because it has
2. B CM / nucleus.
3. C CW / 2. Prokaryotes and
4. D DNA /
eukaryotes share the
Nuc /
5. A following structures:
Cyt /
6. A Vac /
cell wall,plasma
ER / membrane and
7. D
(roug ribosomes.
8. B h) 3. The DNA is located
9. D Chlor / within the nucleus of
10. C o eukaryotic cell while
GA / prokaryote is found in
11. A Mito / cytoplasm.
12. B Rib / 4. The prokaryotic cell is
13. B Lyso / approximately 10x
14. B smaller that eukaryotic
15. B cell.
5. The two cell types
have a lot of common.
Both are enclosed by a
plasma membrane and
filled with cytoplasm.
Both types of cells
have cell walls. But
they differ in size and
complexity. Prokaryotic
cells are small and
simple. Eukaryotic cells
are larger and more
complex.
6. Eukaryotic
7. 10x
8. TRUE
9. TRUE
10. TRUE
11. Prokaryotic
12. TRUE
13. Smaller
14. TRUE
15. TRUE
Answer Key
References
Hartman H. The Origin and Evolution of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell. New Jersey:
Scientific Pub. Co. 2006
Lewin, B. Cells. George Plopper Jones and Bantlette Publisher. 2007.
https://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceLesson/Preview/129019
https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/3-2-comparing-prokaryotic-and-eukaryotic-cells/

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