RITCHELLE C.

BARRIENTOS

CHAPTER 2 RELATED STUDIES

TABLE 1

Title of the Thesis Connotative Meanings in Ed Sheeran’s Song Lyrics

Author and Year of Publication Wahyu Kusumaningrum (2020)

General Aim The researcher aims to discover the connotative meaning

contribution toward the lyric structure of the song.

Research Question 1. What types of Connotatives are found from Ed

Sheeran’s Multiply and Divide Album?

2. How are the connotations presented in regard to lyrics

structure?

Theoretical Framework Connotative Theory by Gill Philip (2011)

Lyric Structure Theory by Terry Cox (2000)

Methodology Descriptive Qualitative Method

Findings There are three types of connotations seen in the song lyrics of
Ed Sheeran on Multiply and Divide album regard to their Lyric
structure namely the Stylistic connotations, Expressive
Connotation, and Associative Connotation. Stylistic
Connotation is frequently used by Ed Sheeran in his songs in
Multiply and Divide album in order to be accepted by the
listeners who are mostly teenagers.
There are three sections in the lyric structure namely the Verse
structure, the Chorus structure, and the Bridge structure. The
place where connotation often appears is in the verse. The
stylistic connotations that appear most often are at the
beginning of the song's lyric structure called Verse.
 TABLE 2

Title of the Thesis An Analysis of Connotative Meaning In Selected Maher Zain’s

Song Lyrics

Author and Year of Publication Armawansyah, (2016)

General Aim This study aims to find out the hidden message in five selected
song lyrics from Maher Zain’s songs.

1. What are the connotative meanings of selected Maher

Research Question Zain’s songs Lyric album “Forgive Me and Thank You
Allah”?
2. How are the message delivered in selected Maher Zain’s
songs Lyric album “Forgive Me and Thank You Allah”?

Theoretical Framework Brinton’s Theory of Connotation and Denotation (1990)

Methodology Descriptive Qualitative Method

Findings The researcher found fourteen connotative meanings as the

main data in five selected song lyrics by Maher Zain. They are
6 positive connotations, 4 neutral connotations, and 4 negative
connotations. So, the most dominant type of connotation in
Maher Zain’s selected song lyrics is positive connotation. The
hidden message of the selected song lyrics by Maher Zain is
that people must have good relations with others. Fellow human
beings and the best relationship to God.
 TABLE 3

Title of the Article Meaning of Denotation, Connotation, and Myth used in Ariana
Grande’s God is AWoman Song Lyrics

Author and Year of Publication Ahmad Jafar, La Aso, Neil Amstrong (2021)

Purpose of the Study This study seeks to find the meaning of denotation,
connotation, and myth in Ariana Grande’s God is a woman
song lyrics.

Research Objective 1. What is the meaning of denotation and connotation

according to Roland Barthe’s semiotics contained in Ariana
Grande’s God is a woman song lyrics?

2. What is the myth of denotation and connotation according

to Roland Barthe’s semiotics contained in Ariana Grande’s
God is a woman song lyrics?

Theoretical Framework Semiotic Theory of Roland Barthes, Denotative and

Connotative

Methodology Descriptive Qualitative Method

Findings Based on the findings, the writer found the meaning of

denotations, connotations, and myth contained in the lyrics of
the song Ariana Grande entitled God is a Woman consisting of
7 data meaning denotation and connotation in each data is
divided into 4 lines. While for myth, there is only one phrase
that is God is a woman

Title of the Article
Author and Year of Publication
Purpose of the Study
Research Objectives
Theoretical Framework
Methodology
Findings
TABLE 4
Denotative and Connotative Meaning in Lyric “Mockingbird”
Song by Eminem
Indah Lestaria and Dwi Nitisari (2022)
1. To describe the denotative and connotative
meaning contained in the lyrics of Eminem’s song
Mockingbird.
2. To describe the context attached in the
meaning contained in the lyrics of Eminem’s song
Mockingbird
This research aims at analyzing several words, phrases, and
clauses in 'Mockingbird' song sung by Eminem (2004) which
have denotative and connotative meaning and finding the
relation between the meaning found to the context of the
singer's real life.
Frank Palmer’s Theory of Denotative and Connotative (1976)
Qualitative Method
There are some word, phrase and clause that implied denotation
and connotation meaning based on Palmer’s theory, these are
Things, Daddy, Little Soldier, Life, Deep Inside, Nightmares,
Puzzle, Sheltered, Stiffen up upper lip, Funny, Piggy, Rolling
Stone, Empty house, and imma give you the world. The
meaning in the lyric of the song is about family issues. Where
parents should live in peace and harmonious in the household
so that they can give love and can be exemplified by their
children. It also conveyed where Eminem, as a parent, wants to
give his child a better life.
 TABLE 5

Title of the Article Connotative Meaning in Popular Song Lyrics by The Script
Band (A Semantic Analysis)

Author and Year of Publication Sam Ratulangi University, Manado (2017)

Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to analyse the connotative meaning
in popular song lyrics by The Script band.

Research Objectives The aims of the research are to identify the connotative
meaning in the song lyrics and to classify the types of
connotative.

Theoretical Framework Geoffrey Leech (1981) and J.N Hook theory (in Widarso 1989)

Methodology Descriptive Qualitative Method

Findings The researcher analyzed nine songs from the band The Script.
There are 7 words and 9 phrases contained positive
connotation. While 17 words and 7 phrases contained negative
connotation. There is no neutral connotation in this research.
The dominant data in this research is the negative connotation.

Title of the Article
Author and Year of Publication
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Theoretical Framework
Methodology
Findings
TABLE 6
A Semiotic Analysis on LAY’s and EXO’s Selected
Music Videos
Eka Margianti Sagimin and Ratna Sari (2020)
This study describes the semiotic signs and implied meanings
of two music videos. The videos studied were “Goodbye
Christmas” by Lay and “Universe” by EXO.
1. What signs are found in LAY’s music video entitled
“Goodbye Christmas” and in EXO’s music video entitled
“Universe”?
2. How are the description of denotation, connotation, and
myth in LAY’s music video entitled “Goodbye Christmas”
and in EXO’s music video entitled “Universe”?
3. What are the implied meanings of LAY’s music video
entitled “Goodbye Christmas” and in EXO’s music
video entitled “Universe”?
Roland Barthes’ Semiotic Theory of Denotation, Connotation,
and Myth
Descriptive Qualitative Method
The results find that the visual images communicate implied
meaning conveyed through the visual images. These images
communicate feelings of sadness and separation as well as
friendship and affection. The messages implied in the whole
scenes of both music videos are the representation of problems
that shackle humans, realization, efforts, and results of the
efforts done to solve the problems.
 TABLE 7

Title of the Article The Beauty of Words in Maher Zain’s Selected Song Lyrics: A
Study of Connotative Meaning

Author and Year of Publication Dwi Utari Novianingsih , Firqo Amelia, Nine Febrie Novitasari
(2022)

This study aimed to find out the words or phrases that have
General Aim connotative meanings in Maher Zain’s song lyrics.

Research Objectives This study aimed to identify and describe existing connotative
meanings from Maher Zain’s song lyrics.

Theoretical Framework Semantic Theory by Leech (1981)

Methodology Descriptive Qualitative Method

Findings The finding of the study described words/phrases containing

types of connotative meaning. There were twenty-four data
found in this research; sixteen data contained positive
connotations, four data contained neutral connotations, and four
data contained negative connotations. The findings can also be
concluded that the positive connotative meanings found in the
data refer to the power of Allah, the goodness of the prophet
Muhammad SAW. On the other hand, negative and neutral
connotative meaning is related to humans and their negative
nature.
 TABLE 8

Title of the Article The Connotative Meaning of Expression Found in Adele’s

Song Lyrics 21 “Japanese Edition” Album

Author and Year of Publication Kadek Mei Harsetiani (2022)

General Aim This study is limitedly aimed at describing and analyzing the
connotative meaning of the expression used in Adele's song
lyrics "21 (Japanese Edition) album".In which the expressions
are selected from four songs in the 21 albums, namely: Rolling
in the Deep, Turning Tables, Don't You Remember, and
Someone like you.

Research Objectives 1. To identify the types of connotative meaning found in

Adele's song lyrics “ 21(Japanese Edition) album”.

2. To analyze the connotative meanings of "

Expression" implied in Adele's song lyrics.

Theoretical Framework Semantic Theory by Leech (1981) and Cruse (1997)

Methodology Descriptive Qualitative Method

Findings The findings of this study shows that the expression found in
Adele's song lyrics contains three types of connotative
meaning, such as Positive, Negative, and Neutral. However, the
negative connotations are mostly used in the expression. The
use of the expression in Adele's song lyrics is to express her
feelings towards someone in her past relationship.
 TABLE 9

Title of the Article Analysis of Denotative and Connotative Meanings in the Lyrics
of Keshi’s Album Entitled Bandaids

Author and Year of Publication Elsha Tiara Nawangsari and Tri Rina Budiwati (2022)

Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to find out the denotative and
connotative meanings in the Lyrics of Keshi’s Album Entitled
Bandaids

Research Objectives This research aims to describe the form of word class and
analyze the denotative and connotative meanings that can be
found in the lyrics of Keshi‟s album entitled Bandaids released
in 2020.

Theoretical Framework George Yule’s Semantic Theory

Methodology Descriptive Qualitative Method

Findings The findings of the research shows that there are 46 words and
phrases containing denotative and connotative meanings in the
song lyrics. The form of word class found in the songs lyric are
noun, verb, adjective, adverb, noun phrase, and verb phrase.
The words are dominated by noun. The connotation found in
the song lyrics is important in understanding the messages of
the lyrics. It conveys the lyricist feelings and emotions toward
his relationship with someone. The lyricist depicts the bitter
sweetness of the relationship and the way of self-healing
through the song lyrics

Title of the Thesis
Author and Year of Publication
Purpose of the Study
Research Objectives/ Research
Question
Theoretical Framework
Methodology
Findings
TABLE 10
Connotative and Denotative Meaning of Emotion Words in
Twenty One Pilots’ Blurryface Album
Syarif Hidayatullah (2017)
This study aims to analysed how the semantic theory is used to
describe the denotative and connotative meaning in the song
lyrics and how those meaning imply the song writer’s
background.
1. What kinds of emotion words do the songwriter use in
Blurryface album?
2. How do the connotative and denotative meaning of the
emotion words in Blurryface album imply the songwriter’s
feeling?
Robert Plutchik and Henry Kellerman’s Semantic Theory
Descriptive Qualitative Method
In the songs of Twenty One Pilots from Blurryface album,
seven from eight kinds of emotion words are found. The eight
primary kinds of emotion according to Robert Plutchik are
anger, fear, joy, sadness, acceptance, disgust, surprise, and
anticipation, however the emotion word of disgust is not found
in the lyrics. The connotative and denotative meaning of the
emotion words consisting in the lyrics imply that the songwriter
has insecurity of some things which is represented by a
character he created, Blurryface, and he tries to defeat and
compensate with it.