Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TARLAC
FEBROW C. SERONDO
HERNA LYN PRINCESS T. DURAN
HELEN L. TINAJA
December 2022
INTRODUCTION
"Education is a constitutionally enshrined right which the State must protect and promote. Thus, ensuring
education for all should be a top priority. For this to be achieved, it is vital that opportunities to learn and
receive quality education are accessible to all those who so desire according to Go, 2019. Go who is a co-author
of the new law which provides the support lacking for typically underrepresented students, such as indigenous
students, students from less privileged backgrounds, and students with physical and learning disabilities.
Assessment FOR learning is an ongoing process that monitors student learning in order to help teachers
improve their teaching and students to improve their learning. It continuously informs instruction and helps
students manage their own learning. The assessment information is used to determine the next teaching steps
and learning steps to continuously improve the teaching-learning process. Formative assessments serve the
Advocacy is the process of convincing others to support a viewpoint they may not have previously
embraced. It is a technique for persuading people to adopt, support, defend, or uphold a cause. It entails putting
facts into arguments and then use it to persuade the crowd to act. According to Guo and Saxton (2014) advocacy
as a specific tactic or strategy to ultimately achieve the goal by the mobilized supporters.
Social mobilization is a group effort to put into practice what people have been persuaded to do and
persuaded about. It involves motivating individuals to recognize, plan, and carry out a course of action.
Advocacy and Social mobilization are related processes. Advocacy is to persuade and social mobilization is to
ADSOCMOB is used to refer to both terms. A real belief in and commitment to the Project/Program being
disseminated are the first steps taken by ADSOCMOB in the Alternative Learning System (ALS). information
is arranged into arguments with the goal of persuading a listener to adopt a particular attitude, inclination, or
behavior. It is a way of making a community more aware of its needs and challenges as they relate to day-to-day
living. It is also a means of enhancing the circumstance using internal or external resources. Fostering and
condition or of people’s quality of life. The purpose of ADSOCMOB is to build leader advocates who will
mobilize multi-sectoral and/or public support for program, to generate resources and support for the
sustainability of the program, and to legitimize the project, program, or activity. Additionally, it is essential for
securing backing for the creation of a Community Learning Center (CLC). The AdSocMob will be the bridge to
the ALS Program to reach communities and enroll potential learners. The challenges that we find to our study
is that the timetable for the AdSocMob has always move and reschedule when there is a Liga for the Barangay
in the Municipality. Moreover, the Alternative Learning System (ALS) Implement adhere to the standard
procedure that is to the different barangays of San Clemente, Tarlac to offer Alternative Learning System (ALS)
to target learners. It is the social-mobilization Advocacy and Literacy Mapping or the Advocacy and Social
Mobilization (AdSocMob), where they look for potential ALS learners using a standard mapping form and to
gather data on the number of Out-of-School Youth (OSY) and Out-of-School Adults (OSYA) in the community.
The study aims to answer the problem of Out-of-School Youth and Adults Advocacy Social Mobilization
1.1 age;
1.2 sex;
1.1 age;
1.2 sex;
The community of San Clemente. the result of this study will help them to become aware of the ALS
Barangays of San Clemente. the results may benefit the barangays of San Clemente as one of the facilitators
DevComm. The results may benefit the future DevComm students that will undergo research.
Out-of-School Youth and Adults. the results of the research may benefit them to participate or enroll in the
ALS program.
Future Researcher. this study will serve as a reference in similar studies in the future.
The focus of the study is to assess the Advocacy Social Mobilization Campaign to the out of School Youth
and Adults. This will be conducted to San Clemente, Tarlac. The campaign will be conducted on March to April
2023.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT OUTPUT
Respondents’
PROCESS Propose activity
demographic profile forum or session of
the Advocacy Social
Mobilization
The program’s level of Campaign of the out
effectiveness Survey Mapping of School youth and
Adults in San
The impact of Questionnaire Clemente Tarlac.
AdSocMob Campaign
to the respondents.
The paradigm of the study figure 1 shows the inputs, processes, and expected output of the study. The
As seen in the diagram above, the requirements needed in conducting this research to answer the problems
and achieved the objectives of this research paper contained are presented.
In the input phase, the researchers will be gather all the necessary information about the needs of this study,
such as describing the demographic profile of the respondents and determine the Campaign’s level of
effectiveness and determine the impact of the AdSocMob Campaign to the respondents. In the process phase, a
step-by-step process is incorporated into a quantitative research design using the survey mapping and
questionnaire. Each process and method were carefully and thoroughly constructed.
The output phase will describe the result gather by the researchers which will serve as the basis for the
assessing the advocacy social mobilization campaign of the out-of -school youth and adults at San Clemente,
Tarlac.
The arrows in the paradigm figure 1 represent the connections between the boxes. The socio-demographic
profile, the level of effectiveness, and the impact of the AdSocMob Campaign to the respondents that will be
undergo to the process in order to get the output of the study which is the propose activity forum.
Definition of terms
Advocacy. It is a technique for persuading people to adopt, support, defend, or uphold a cause.
Assessment - These refers to the advocacy social mobilization campaign of the out of school youth and adults
Out-of-School Youth (OSY). These refers to the student 16 years of age or older who has not graduated from
Out-of-School Adults (OSA). These refers to the student or older who has not graduated from high school and
Social mobilization - is a group effort to put into practice what people have been persuaded to do and
persuaded about. It involves motivating individuals to recognize, plan, and carry out a course of action.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter provides a fundamental background for the discussion and consideration in formulating the
Education is an indispensable tool not only for personal transformation but more so of a societal change.
Obtaining a quality education is the foundation to creating sustainable development. In addition to improving
quality of life, access to inclusive education can help equip locals with the tools required to develop innovative
solutions to the world’s greatest problems (United Nations, 2019). Globally, more than 140 countries offer, or
are in transition to, what has become the international norm for pre-tertiary education, namely a kindergarten
through Grade12 (K12) school education system—kindergarten because of the preponderance of research
asserting the long-term learning and social benefits of school readiness programs; and 12 years of primary and
secondary schooling due to the time needed to acquire the knowledge and skills sets necessary for 21 st century
university education, postsecondary training, or decent work (Sarvi, Munger & Pillay, 2015) .
Advocacy is the process of convincing others to support a viewpoint they may not have previously
embraced. It is a technique for persuading people to adopt, support, defend, or uphold a cause. It entails putting
facts into arguments and then use it to persuade the crowd to act.
According to Bowen (2014), “Effective advocacy increases the power of people to make institutions more
responsive to human needs, and it influences public policy and decisions regarding the allocation of resources”.
Indeed, making strategies help people understand the concept of advocacy and can easily convince them to
persuade in advocacy campaign. Guo and Saxton (2014) defined advocacy as a specific tactic or strategy to
ultimately achieve the goal by the mobilized supporters. He also said, that using hastags are particularly
important to advocacy groups for obtaining knowledge, quick disseminating information, and mobilizing people
during advocacy campaign. Obar et al. (2012), said that the U.S advocacy groups believed that through social
media could facilitate civic engagement and collective active by strengthening outreach efforts, enabling
“engaging feedback loops”, make it more convenient and faster our way of communication, and being cost-
effective. In addition, Lovejoy and Saxton (2012) identified action to persuade the audience in advocacy
campaigns, as a communicative function of social media. In addition, according Gordon (2014) that through
social media devices well easier for us to disseminate information to our target audience.
Alternative Learning System (ALS) plays an important role in the educational system in our Country. With the
use of the different programs in ALS, Educators handling learning sessions for those youths and adults who
were not formally enrolled in formal education. They go visit them in their respective homes to reach out and
teach each individuals in the community. Thus, programs and activities advocating individuals to act on a
certain thing is very essential in ALS. The term (AdSocMob) Advocacy and Social Mobilization are two
interconnected processes that bring positive and possible cause to the peoples’ live. This type of persuasion aims
to encourage the community people and all kinds of stakeholders like the (LGU) Local Government Units,
(GOs) Government Organization, Non-Government Organizations or the NGOs to generate the needed funds
and resources and services for the potential learners in the community. However, Igarashi (2018) taught that
education department needs to improve ALS’ program design and encourage more out-of-school-youth and
adults to enroll in the program. The advocacy and social mobilization is one of the most important thing to do,
specially in persuading the people to enroll in ALS program. They encouraged the youth and adults who are not
completed their basic education to attend and enroll ALS. Because they still have the chance to learn and fully
enjoy the privileges given by ALS said by Tomayo (2020). ALS program consists of Informal Education and
Non-Formal Education, which being comprised of the Basic Literacy Program (BLP) and the Accreditation and
Equivalency Program (A&E). Adults, who are out of school youth (OOSY) and out of school children (OOSC)
who cannot read and write can learn under BLP. Meanwhile, learners 15 years old and above who can read
write but have not completed basic education can continue elementary or secondary schooling through A&E
(DepEd, 2016).
Curriculum is context-specific as education has to address the needs of teachers and society (Lao, 2015).
Curricular programs are enacted in a variety of school settings. Curriculum designers consider these settings to
various degrees and in various ways. For example, implementation depends heavily on the capacity of a school
system to support and sustain the curriculum being adopted (National Research Council of the National
According to Ragon (2020) there are many strategies on how to conduct AdSocMob in ALS. “Caravan” is
a one-week celebration once a year. Its purpose is to raise public awareness of the programs offered by the ALS.
This includes the following program like showcase of the different ALS best teaching practices, share
inspirational stories from the ALS students who became successful in life, and most specially, to strengthen
partnership between the different stakeholders in the community. The “Big Bang” is an event wherein ALS
program is presented during the celebration of any national events where they take opportunity to capture the
attention of national leaders to discuss things with regards to the needs in the organization and other concerns to
tackle are possible. While “Big Visit” is a local event in the community (e.g. ALS day, Teachers’ day etc.). This
program aims to provide opportunities to the ALS teachers and coordinators to talk different issues and
concerns to the invited political and educational leaders that would encourage strong partnership with these
stakeholders. This small event can be a good venue in presenting ALS program advocacy to local leaders. The
“Little Bang” or “Kapihan Sessions” is a program conducted by the Regional and Provincial leaders from PIA
or the Philippine Information Agency. This includes the following advocacy campaign like conferences,
meetings, seminars and workshops on ALS supported by various sectors. The acronym “Bigatin” stand for
“Building Inter-Agency Grand Alliance Towards Institutionalized Nationwide” the ALS EFA (Education for
All). It is an advocacy strategy that aims to generate support from various groups, sectors, and organizations in
order to institutionalize ALS at the barangay level to contribute to the overall purpose of education and that is -
education for all. Ragon added that any creative activities can be used as an advocacy campaign as long as it
caters almost every out of school youth and adult in the community.
According to the Bureau of Alternative Learning system (BALS), ALS vision is “empowerment of the
Filipino with desirable knowledge, attitudes, values and skills that will enable him to think critically and
creatively, act innovatively and humanely in improving the quality of his life and that of his family, community
and country.”
Several studies were conducted regarding the implementation of the K12 program in the Philippines.
These studies focused on the articulation of the foundations of K12 curriculum (Rivera, 2017), K12 Science
program implementation (Cabansag, 2014; Mangali, Tongco, Aguinaldo, & Calvadores, 2019), K12
Mathematics program implementation (Cardona, 2017), assessment of modules in K-12 for Filipino subjects
(Zamora, 2016), readiness of higher education institutions in Senior High School program (Acosta & Acosta,
2016a; Acosta & Acosta, 2016b; Acosta & Acosta, 2017), the K12 program as an education reform in the
country (Abulencia, 2015), However, a dearth of literature was noted regarding the implementation status of
the K12 Social Studies program in the Philippines. Igarashi (2018) identified some gaps needing reform as
follows; (1) low participation and passing rates, (2) lack of skills training for procurement of better jobs in the
future, (3) shortage of budget, and (4) mixture of participants exhibiting different state and drive. In Deped’s
2018 report, the als program has reached 823,301 enrollees (Malipot, 2019).
Not knowing their major expansions, ALS is still tied up with the problems. The present statistic study
show that about 3.7 million youth and 3.1 million young adults did not graduate in junior high school (World
Bank Group, 2018) which means that almost, 88% of these groups are not yet covered by ALS plus the 34%
non-completers of the program itself (Montemayor, 2018). Furthermore, ALS learners’ varied topographic and
socioeconomic situations, and their motives for learning are perennial setbacks (United Nations Children’s
The literature review has appropriately shows the importance of Assessment of Advocacy Social
Mobilization Campaign for the Out-of-School Youth and Adults. ALS programs and projects, well contributes
to the improvement of the ALS Learners in terms of their education attainment, family monthly income,
employment status, and job nature/characterization. This will help the learners attain their basic needs in life.
Especially to the out of school youth and adults (OSY and OSA) who are not able to complete their education .
The literature said that education for all is the tool to change lives. Advocacy gives a huge impact to
influence and function as a communication tool in social media. By using hashtags it can highlight the advocacy
that any group of people advocates for. The ALS program brings an important role in the education system as
advocacy and activities are conducted as a support. AdSocMob campaign is one of the advocacy groups that
disseminate information to the community as they were tracking the potential learners for the ALS Program.
The AdSocMob campaign plays an important role in encouraging youth and adults that do not complete their
This chapter describe the research methodologies that the researcher will use to conduct the study, which
includes the research design, locale of the study, unit analysis, respondents and sampling procedures, data
The researchers will use descriptive-quantitative research to conduct this study and collect data information
for the statistical analysis of the population sample. According to Gay (2012, p. 183) stated that descriptive
research is a type of survey research. This research study includes gathering data in order to test hypotheses or
answer question about people’s opinions on a particular topic or issue. Besides, Creswell (2012, p. 376) said that
survey research design are procedure in quantitative research in which information administer a survey to a
sample or to the entire population of the people to describe the attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics
of the population. And descriptive research is concerned with how what is or what exist is related to some
preceding even that has influenced or affected a present condition or event (Best,1970 cited in Cohen, 2000, p.
169). This methods was chosen in order to meet the objectives of the study. The researchers will distribute
San Clemente has 12 Barangays and located at the westernmost part of the province of Tarlac and northwest
This study will be conducted at ALS San Clemente Distric, Tarlac. The researchers choose San Clemente as the
location of their study since it is not far from our home and it will be easier for us to gather data.
The researcher will be using a sample population of ALS Students of San Clemente Tarlac. The data will be
the basis of the Assessment of the Advocacy Social Mobilization Campaign of the Out-of-School Youth and
Adults.
The total population of the municipality of San Clemente Tarlac were determined by the 2020 Census is
13, 181. The researchers were given 30 respondents as part of the sample. The researchers will be using total
The researcher will use a survey questionnaire and interview to gather data and information from the
respondents. The questionnaire and interview will use as the main data-gathering instrument. The researcher
will use an adopted questionnaire to gather data and this questionnaire is consisting of (3) three parts. The first
part will be the determining of socio demographic profile of the respondents including their age, sex,
educational attainment, family size, and household income. On the (2) second part will be the determining of the
level of effectiveness of the Campaign and the (3) third part will be the determining of the impact of the
Campaign to the respondents which is the “Assessment of the advocacy Social Mobilization Campaign of the
their profile, and problems encounter. Further, the researchers will be using primarily adapted questionnaire
from the Student Presentation evaluation form from live worksheets.com for the objective (2), and objective (3)
will be use the questionnaire from Ranghelli, L. (2009). The researcher will be gathering data coming from the
Municipality of San Clemente Tarlac for the expand of three years (3yrs) implementation of the ALS program.
And it will be done through obtaining the records of the ALS District Coordinator of the Municipality of San
Clemente on the basis of their records that will be given to the researchers.
The questionnaire will be delivered to 30 ALS students in San Clemente, Tarlac. The researchers will next
advise the respondents that their responses will be kept confidential. The questionnaire has three parts and it is
Analysis of Data
The researchers will be using Frequency and Percentages for the analysis of the socio-demographic
profile of the respondents. For (2) the level of effectiveness and for (3) the determining of the impact of the
AdSocMob Campaign to the respondents. The Likert scale instrument will be use to determine the degree of
satisfaction in each category the researchers and will be using the mean and likert scale where the formula as
follows below.
1. A frequency distribution describes the number of observations for each possible value
of a variable. Frequency distributions are depicted using graphs and frequency tables
(Turney, 2022).
2. Percentage is one of the most commonly used in statistics and a relative value
hundredth part; thus, 100 percent represents the entirety of the given quantity
(Britannica, 2022).
Formula: % = F/n x 100
Where % = percentage
F = frequency
n = no. of respondents
3. Mean is the average of the given numbers and is calculated by dividing the sum of
Formula: X= Σ x
Where:
X = mean
N = number of cases
people’s attitudes, opinions, or perceptions. The respondents may choose and express
The researchers will be adopting the Likert scale tool in the study of Edi Dwi Cahyono, M.S. (2014). to
orderly compute and provide a basis for the analysis of the data gathered. Here's the table of ranking order of
RATING VALUE
ANALYSIS
4.21-5.00 Strongly Agree This means that the Advocacy Social Mobilization Campaign
is very much effective to the out-of-school youth and adults
3.41-4.20 Agree This means that the Advocacy Social Mobilization Campaign is
much more effective to the out-of-school youth and adults.
2.61-3.40 Neutral This means that the Advocacy Social Mobilization Campaign
is fairly effective to the out-of-school youth and adults.
1.81-2.60 Disagree This means that the Advocacy Social Mobilization Campaign
is less effective to the out-of-school youth and adults
1.00-1.80 Strongly Disagree This means that the Advocacy Social Mobilization Campaign is
not effective to the out of -school youth and adult s.
REFERENCES
Bowen, G.A (2014). Promoting Social Change through effective Service-learning in the Curriculum. The
(Best,1970 cited in Cohen, 2000, p. 169) Chapter III - Repository UIN Suska http://repository.uin-suska.ac.id
Department of Education (2016). Press released. Age Does Not Matter: DepEd 2017 Proposed Budget Seeks to
proposed-budget-seeks-hasten-als -expansion
IOWA Department of Education. (2015). Assessment for learning (formative assessment). Retrieved from
https://www.educateiowa.gov/pk-12/student-assessment/assessment-learning-formative-assessment
Edi Dwi Cahyono, M.S. (2014). Challenges Facing Extension Agents in Implementing the Participatory
Extension Approach in Indonesia: A Case Study of Malang Regency in the East Java Region. Received by
https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=osu1404402942&disposition=inline
Egcas, R. A., & Garganera, J.L. (2019) Impact of alternative learning system to the out-of-school-youth,
http://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/13221/9/8.%20CHAPTER%20III_2018608.pdf
Guo, C. & Saxton, G.D. (2014). Tweeting Social Change: How Social Media are changing non-profit advocacy.
Gordon, N. S. (2014). Social media and participatory development: The UNDP and the diffusion of
empowerment. In K. Langmia, T. Tyree, P. O’Brien, & I. Sturgis (Eds.), Social media: Pedagogy and
Igarashi, T. (2018). A second chance to develop the human capital of out-of-school youth and adults: The
Philippines alternative learning learning systym (English). Whashington, D.C: World Bank Group.
Lovejoy, K. & Saxton, G.D (2012). Information, Community, and Action. How non-profit organizations use
6101.2012.01576.x https://files.eric.ed.gov
https://www.scribd.com
Malipot, M. H. (2019). Deped rolls out improved alternative learning system: Manila Bulletin. Retreived from:
https://mb.com.ph/2019/03/01/ deped-rolls-out-improved-alternative-learning-system/.
Montemayor, M. (2018). ALS graduate can now enroll in HEIs nationwide. Philippine: CHED.
Obar, J.A, Zube, P& lampe, C. (2012). Advocacy 2.0: Analysis of how Advocacy groups in the United States
perceive and use social media as tools of facilitating civic engagement an collective action. Journal of
https://www.pressreader.com
https://www.pressreader.com
United Nations Children’s Fund. (2012). UNICEF evaluation on alternative delivery modes: MISOSA and e-
www.unicef.org/evaldatabase/files/Philippines_ADAM_Evaluation_Philippine-2012-001.pdf.
World Bank Group. (2018). A second chance to develop the human capital of out-of school youth and adults:
http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/539131530792186404/pdf/A-second-chance-thehuman-capita
-of-out-of-school-youth-and-adults-the-Philippines-alternative-learning-system.pdf.
Assessment of the Advocacy Social Mobilization Campaign of the Out-of-School Youth and Adults
Instruction: Please provide the following demographic information for analysis purposes. (Put check mark on
Panuto: Mangyaring pakisagutan ang mga tanong sa ibaba para sa inyong impormasyon. Lagyan ng tsek ang
o Age/Edad
o 16 – 25 y/o
o 26 – 30 y/o
o 31 – 35 y/o
2. Sex/Kasarian
o Male
o Female
3. Education/ Edukasyon
o Elementary
o College Undergraduate
4. Family Size
o 2 – 4 members
o 5 -8 members
o 10 or more members
5. Household Income
o 5000 below
o 5000 – 10000
Instruction: Please rate your level of agreement using the following statement below and put only a
Check Mark (/) to determine the level of agreement or disagreement.
(Manyaring i-rate ang inyong antas ng kasunduan gamit ang sumusunod na pahayag sa ibaba at maglagay
lamang ng check mark upang matukoy ang antas ng kasunduan o hindi pagkasunduan).
5-Strongly Disagree 1-Strongly Agree
4-Disagree 2-Agree
3-Neutral
Presentation Skill: 5 4 3 2 1
1. Clearly communicates the subject matter
2. Uses visuals appropriately
3. Validates students’ questions and comments
4. Remains focused on topic
5. Displays enthusiasm
Content/Organization:
1. Clearly explains objectives of the lesson
2. Understanding of the material presented
3. Well organized and flows logically
4. Enough essential information to effectively evaluate
5. Clear and logical examples
From live worksheets.com
Part 3-The Impact of advocacy social mobilization campaign
Instruction: Please rate your level of agreement using the following statement below and put only a
Check Mark (/) to determine the impact of advocacy social mobilization campaign .
5-Strongly Disagree 1-Strongly Agree
4-Disagree 2-Agree
3-Neutral
Reactions to findings: 5 4 3 2 1
1. Feel that your understanding of benefits and impact of advocacy and organizing
has broaden or increased
2. Think you are more willing to consider funding this type of work
3. Feel better prepared to make the case to others at your foundation to start,
continue or increase funding for this work
Aspects of findings presented you think will be most persuasive to other funders:
1. Quantitative impacts
2. Return on investment
3. Stories of underrepresented communities creating long-term change
4. Data on civic engagement in the democratic process
Reaction Findings:
1. Feel better-prepared to explain the benefits and impact of your advocacy,
organizing and civic engagement work to a funder
2. Think that the report will help you make a more compelling case to foundations
that don’t currently fund you
3. Think that the fidings will help you maintain or increase funding from current
funders
Ranghelli, L. (2009) /