1.

Parochialism - when a manager is appointed to manage a company outside of his home

country and brings his own, from his viewpoint, accurate, unshakeable thoughts and
attitudes about the destination country and culture.
2. Ethnocentric Attitude - a company's national headquarters serves as the location for its
leadership. Instead of in the country of operations, all decision-making and control are
concentrated there. At the local, operational level, there is relatively little autonomy.
3. Polycentric Attitude - managers in the host nation know the best working procedures to
keep their company running smoothly. These managers perceive every external function
as unique and difficult to comprehend.
4. Geocentric Attitude - a perspective that emphasizes using the best techniques and
people from all across the world. Managers with this mindset consider it crucial to have
a global perspective at the organization's headquarters in the nation of origin as well as
in the numerous foreign work facilities.
5. European Union (EU) - The European Union is a political and economic organization
with all of its members being in Europe. It functions using a network of supranational
organizations and agreements on rules reached between governments.
6. Euro - A collection of 17 European countries share a single currency called the Euro.
These countries, collectively referred to as the Eurozone, mostly conduct free trade with
one another. The European Union is responsible for creating the common currency.
7. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) - a trade agreement that sold out the
American worker to cheap Mexican labor, resulting in the loss of millions of jobs and
trillions in lost tax revenue so that the corporations that bought off the Democratic
Party could move their manufacturing to countries that used slave labor, then ship the
products back into the country and make enormous profits on those products. A similar
agreement, known as GATT, was signed at about the same time.
8. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) - a regional organization made up of
Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Brunei, Laos, Burma
(Myanmar), and Cambodia that aims to foster economic cooperation
9. World Trade Organization (WTO) - it provides a forum for dispute settlement as well as
the supervision of international trade discussions. It is the biggest global international
economic organization, with its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.
10. Multinational Corporations (MNCs) - are businesses whose ownership, management,
and control are dispersed over several foreign nations. Multinational firms are also
known as global corporations and worldwide corporations in everyday speech.
11. Multidomestic Corporation - A multinational corporation that uses a localized
management structure is known as a multidomestic corporation. The global corporation
decentralizes rather than centralizing and taking all decisions in one main place. It gives
decision-making authority to managers, presidents or their equivalents, and others in
the operating nation.
12. Global Company - An international business that concentrates management and other
choices in the home nation is referred to as a global company. This perspective on
globalization is ethnocentric.
13. Transnational or Borderless Organization - is a business that manages income and
assets across multiple nations, engages in foreign ventures, or produces goods or
services on a global scale. As land and labor are less expensive there, it establishes
factories there.
14. Born Globals - are "commercial organizations that, through the use of resources and the
sale of outputs in many countries, attempt to generate considerable competitive
advantage from the beginning." Another source gives a more specific definition of born
global as "businesses that have achieved a share of foreign sales of at least 25% within a
time frame of two to three years following their inception." Aside from definitions, the
most remarkable aspect is how quickly they expanded to become worldwide
corporations.
15. Global Sourcing - A company will employ global sourcing as part of its procurement
strategy to determine which country will produce one or more of its products at the
lowest cost.
16. Exporting - is the application of managerial procedure to the viable export market. It
mostly has to do with export-related operations and the kind of management that
enables the harmonisation and registration of an export company.
17. Importing - Various businesses and sectors need specialists qualified in their respective
disciplines to conduct import and export transactions.
18. Licensing - a business arrangement in which one company grants permission to another
company to use its intellectual property rights, such as its manufacturing process, brand
name, copyright, trademark, patent, technology, trade secret, etc., for a limited time in
exchange for payment of a license fee and subject to other conditions.
19. Franchising - A person or group of people can run a business selling a product or
offering a service utilizing the franchisor's business system by applying for a franchise,
which is a type of marketing and distribution.
20. Strategic Alliances - is an agreement between two businesses to work together on a
project that will benefit both parties while maintaining their individual freedom.
Compared to a joint venture, which involves two companies pooling resources to form a
new business organization, the arrangement is less intricate and legally enforceable.
21. Joint Venture - is an agreement between two or more parties to combine their
resources in order to carry out a certain objective. Any new project or other company
endeavor can be this task.
22. Foreign Subsidiary - A corporation that is majority owned or controlled by a company in
another nation is referred to as a foreign subsidiary. Daughter companies and parent
companies are terms used to refer to subsidiaries and the businesses that own or
manage them, respectively.
23. Market Economy - both private and public ownership of companies is common. For
these businesses, workers and laborers are employed. Businesses and customers are the
owners of land, structures, materials, resources, and money.
24. Command Economy - an economy where the government controls all aspects of the
economy, including production, investment, prices, and incomes.
25. National Culture - is a universal, interrelated web of mental constructs shared by
national groups. It has a significant impact on influencing both group and individual
cognition and behavior.
26. GLOBE - the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE)
project provides managers with an additional lens through which they can better
understand how to perform well in an international environment. While
27. Wikis - are collaborative hypertext publications that are directly maintained and edited
by their own audience using web browsers.
28. Blogs - a website or web page that is constantly updated and is written in a casual or
conversational tone, usually one that is managed by an individual or small group.