Vitamins

FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS – ADEK

Vitamin A or Retinoic acid/ Retinol Vitamin D or D2 ergocalciferol , D3
cholecalciferol
• Body Function:
• Best Source:
– synthesis of epithelial tissue, important
for growth and reproduction, vision in dim – Fish liver oil
light(retinoic acid is involved in – Gadus morrhua
regeneration of rhodopsin or visual purple)

• Body Function: – Ca homeostasis

• Deficiency:

– nyctalopia or night blindness

– keratinization of tissues
• Deficiency: – Rickettsia – Osteomalacia
– sterility

• Special Notes
• Special Notes:
– 1 st vitamin discovered. Most toxic
– Sunshine vit.
vitamin (fetal defects)
– Precursors: Ergosterol and Cholesterol
– Stored in liver
needs to be irradiated for its conversion to
– New uses: Anti – oxidant for acne and the active vitamin.
wrinkles.
 FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS – ADEK

Vitamin E or Α- tocopherol Vitamin K1 or Phytonadione

• Best Source: • Best Source:

– Plant oils – Green leafy vegetables

– Wheat germ

– Triticum aestivum • Body Function:

– Promote synthesis of clotting factors

• Body Function:
• Deficiency:
– Anti – oxidant
– hemorrhage
– Increases skin elasticity

– Increased sexual vitality and vigor

• Special Notes:

– Antidote for warfarin poisoning

• Deficiency:

– None in man

– Sterility
• Other K viatmins
– Adverse effects in CNS, CV, reproductive
and hematopoietic systems – K2 - Farnoquinone

– K3 - Menadione

– K4 – Menadiol
• Special Notes:

– Anti – sterility vitamin

– Vit. X
 WATER SOLUBLE – CP BX10
Vitamin C or Ascorbic acid Vitamin P or Hesperidin & rutin
(citrin)
• Best Source:
• Best Source:
– Citrus fruits (Rutaceae)
– Citrus fruits

• Body Function:

– Hydroxylation and amidation reactions

• Body Function:
– Collagen synthesis
– Capillary fragility and permeability
– Biotransformation; absorption of iron

• Deficiency:
• Deficiency:
– Scurvy
– Decreased capillary resistance (bleeding in
areas subjected to external P such as light
• Special Notes: clothes or from erect posture

– Anti – scorbutic

– Anti – oxidant • Special Notes:

– Least stable vitamin – Permeability factor

– Cevitamic acid
 WATER SOLUBLE – CP BX10
Vitamin B1 or Thiamine Vitamin B2 or Riboflavin/ Lactoflavin
• Best Source: • Best Source:

– rice polishing (Oryza sativa) – Yeast

– Saccharomyces

• Body Function: • Body Function:

– Involved in protein synthesis (as thiamine – Redox reactions (as FAD which yields 2
pyrophosphate or cocarboxylase) moles of ATP)

• Deficiency: • Deficiency:

– Beri – beri ( polyneuritis) – Cheilosis (denuded lips)

– Stomatitis

– Glossitis

• Special Notes:

– The generic name of tiki – tiki is thiamine/

rice polishing extract
• Special Notes:
– thermolabile
– Stains the urine

– Vit. G
 WATER SOLUBLE – CP BX10
Vitamin B3 or Niacin/ Niacinamide/ Vitamin B4 or Choline
Nicotinic acid/ Nicotinamide
• Best Source:
• Best Source:
– Egg yolk and Meat organs
– Meats and organs

• Body Function:
• Body Function:
– Transport and utilization of fats
– Redox reactions (as NAD which yields 3 methylating agent in formation of
moles of ATP) creatinine.

• Deficiency: • Deficiency:

– Pellagra(rough skin) – None known

– 3 D’s: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia

• Special Notes:

• Special Notes: – Nitrogenous base found in lecithin

– Most stable Vitamin

– Skin whitening

– Anti – hyperlipidemic

– P-p factor ( pellagra preventive factor)

 WATER SOLUBLE – CP BX10
Vitamin B5 or Pantothenic acid Vitamin B6 or Pyridoxine/
Pyridoxamine/ Pyridoxal PO4
• Best Source:
• Best Source:
– Meats and organs
– Meats and organs

• Body Function:
• Body Function:
– Structural component of acetyl – CoA
– Protein metabolism

• Deficiency:
• Deficiency:
– Convulsions
– Fatigue
– Peripheral neuritis
– Impaired coordination and irritability

• Special Notes:
• Special Notes:
– Antidote for INH (since INH inhibits
– Ingredient of shampoos
pyridoxal phosphate coenzyme function)
 WATER SOLUBLE – CP BX10
Vitamin B7 or Biotin Vitamin B8 or Inositol
• Best Source: • Best Source:

– Meat and Organs – Meats and organs

• Body Function: • Body Function:

– Fat and Carbohydrate metabolism (CO2 – Synergistic and lipotropic effect of choline
carrier in carboxylation reactions)

• Deficiency:
• Deficiency:
– None in man
– Alopecia

– Anorexia

– Memory loss
• Special Notes:
– Mental depression
– Anti – gray hair factor

• Special Notes:

– Vit. H

– Coenzyme R
 WATER SOLUBLE – CP BX10
Vitamin B9 or Folic acid/ folacin/ Vitamin B12 or Cyanocobalamin
pteroyl glutamate (PGA)
• Best Source:
• Best Source:
– Meat and organs
– Spinach

• Body Function:
• Body Function:
– Nucleic acid synthesis
– purine and pyrimidine synthesis
– Myelin synthesis

• Deficiency:
• Deficiency:
– Megaloblastic anemia
– Megaloblastic anemia
– Pernicious anemia(not due to inadequate
intake of B12 but due to lack of intrinsic
factor, a glycoprotein)

• Special Notes:

– Leucovorin, folic acid

• Special Notes:
– Anti – cancer derivative
– Utilized in cancer radiation therapy central
metal is cobalt used as growth stimulant anti
– anemic vitamin.