SULIT

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR
SEMESTER 1
SESI 2020/2021
KOD MATAPELAJARAN : SKEE4633

MATA PELAJARAN : MESIN ELEKTRIK

PENSYARAH PROF. MADYA DR. AWANG JUSOH

:
PROF. MADYA DR. NIK RUMZI
NIK DIN MUHAMAD

KURSUS : SKEE

SEKSYEN : 01,02,03,04,05

MASA : 2 JAM 30 MINIT

TARIKH :

ARAHAN KEPADA CALON :

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

KERTAS SOALAN INI TERDIRI DARIPADA 9 (SEMBILAN) MUKA SURAT SAHAJA

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Question 1

(a) The magnetic circuit shown in Figure Q1(a) is made of high permeability material so
that its reluctance can be neglected up to a flux density of 1.5 T. Assume that the
moveable part can only move horizontally to the left. The dimensions are shown in the
Figure Q1(a) with N = 2500 turns and current i = 10 A.

(i) Determine the value of b in cm for which the flux density in the air gap is 1.5 T
and the displacement, x = 10 cm. Determine the stored energy for this condition.
[7 marks]

(ii) Obtain an expression for the electromechanical force, fm, acting on the moveable
part as a function of the displacement, x. Determine the force on the moveable
part for the condition of part (a).

[4 marks]

depth = b

∞ 

i b
1
20
Reference x ∞
position
b 1
N turns
20
b



Figure Q1(a)
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(b) The rotating machine of Figure Q1(b) has the following parameters:

Lss = 0. 15 H

Lrr = 0.06 H

Lsr = 0.05cos H

 = (mt + ) and let  = 60.

(i) If the stator winding carries a current of 40 A (rms) at 50 Hz and the rotor
winding carries a DC current of √2 A, determine the average torque that the
machine will produce at the mechanical speed of 3000 rpm.

[7 marks]

(ii) Suppose the stator winding and rotor winding are connected in series and a
current of 10 A (rms) at 50 Hz is passed through them. Determine the speed in
rpm at which the machine will produce an average torque. Also determine the
average torque that the machine will produce at each speed.

[7 marks]

Figure Q1(b)

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Question 2

(a) Sketch a schematic diagram of a separately excited DC machine, a shunt (self-excited) DC

machine, and a series DC machine. Briefly describe the differences between them in terms
of the field excitation. [6 marks]

(b) What is armature reaction and how it affects the operation of a DC machine?
[6 marks]

(c) A DC machine has the following ratings and parameters: 10 kW, 100 V, 1000 rpm, Ra =
0.1 Ohm. The magnetization curve of the machine at 1000 rpm is shown in attachment Q2
(c).

(i) The machine is connected as a shunt DC generator with the field resistance adjusted
to give a no-load terminal voltage of 100 V. When the generator is loaded, the terminal
voltage drops to 88 V. If armature reaction is neglected, calculate the armature current
under this condition.
[6 marks]
(ii) The machine is connected as a shunt DC motor. It is connected to a 100V DC supply
and runs at 1000 rpm when it draws 10 A of armature current under no load. When
the motor is loaded, the speed reduces to 950 rpm. If armature reaction is neglected,
calculate the load torque under this condition.
[7 marks]

Please submit the magnetization curve in attachment Q2 (c) with your answer.
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Question 3

(a) Describe how a rotating magnetic field is developed when balanced three-phase currents
flow through a three-phase distributed winding of an induction machine.
Why the rotor speed always must be less than the synchronous speed for the torque to be
developed? [7 marks]

(b) The torque versus rotor speed (T- ) characteristic of a 415 V, 4-pole, 1460 rpm, 50 Hz
star-connected induction motor is shown in Figure Q3(b). The parameters of the machine
are as follows:
R1 = 0.2 Ω R’2 = 0.3 Ω X1 = X’2= 0.5 Ω Xm = 30 Ω

Tmax
T (Nm)

To

Trated

Figure XXX

0
ωTm ωrated
ωr (rad/s)

Figure Q3(b)

Trated is the rated torque of and is the rated rotor speed. Based on Figure Q3(b) and the
parameters of the motor, answer the following question.

(i) Sketch and label the per phase equivalent circuit of the induction motor as
recommended by the IEEE. Using this circuit calculate the following:
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 Starting stator current,

 Stator current when ωr = ωrated ,
 Stator current when ωr = ωTm.

[9 marks]
(iii)Sketch and label the approximate per-phase equivalent circuit of an induction motor.
Using this circuit calculate the following.
 To ,
 The air-gap power, Pag, and the mechanical power Pmech, when ωr =
ωrated.
 Trated and Tmax

[9 marks]
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Question 4
(a) Sketch the equivalent circuit of synchronous generator having Ra armature resistance
and Xs synchronous reactance per phase with circuit parameter and electrical variables
fully labeled. Based on equivalent circuit sketch, sketch the phasor diagram of the
synchronous generator for each of the following conditions:
(i) supplying power at unity power factor.
(ii) supplying power at lagging power factor.
(iii) supplying power at leading power factor.
[5 marks]
b) With the help of phasor diagram, describe the effect of the changing steam supply on
the synchronous generator performance using phasor diagram when the generator
excitation current, frequency and terminal voltage are constant.
[5 marks]
c) An 11.5 kV, 3-phase, four pole, 50 Hz, star-connected synchronous generator has
negligible stator winding resistance and synchronous reactance of 40 Ω per phase at
rated terminal voltage. The generator is connected to the infinite busbars operated with
rated generator voltage and frequency.

(i) The generator is delivering 4 MW at power angle 60 to busbars. Determine per
phase excitation voltage, line current, power factor and reactive power supplied
by generator. Draw a phasor diagram for this operating condition. [5 marks]

(ii) The power output of generator is increased to 4.5 MW by increasing the steam
supply and the excitation voltage is increased by 20%. Determine the MVA,
power angle, line current and power factor at which the machine now works.
Sketch a phasor diagram for this operating condition.
[5 marks]

(iii) With the excitation voltage maintain at the same value as in part (ii), the
mechanical power input (i.e. steam supply) is further increased until the generator
is operating at power factor 0.9 leading. Determine the power angle, the output
power and the line current. Sketch the phasor diagram.
[5 marks]
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Potentially Useful Formulae

o  4 107 H/m R f  R fw  R fc Ea  K am

 Ia  I f  It Vt  Ea  I a Ra
B   H
A
l I f (eff )  I f  I f ( AR) Ka 
Np
R
A a
Hl  Ni I f ( eff )  I f 
N sr
I t  I f ( AR )
Vt  R f I f
Nf
 N N 2 Ra V Vt  Ia Ra
L   m    t m 
i i R ( K a ) 2
K a Ka
  N  Li Ea  K sr I am P  Ea I a  Tm
d E f  Vt 0  I a jX s T  K aI a
e
dt
 Pag Pm R2
W f   id T  sT max 
 syn r
R 
1
0
1
2
 (X1  X 2 )2 2

i
Ns 
120 f E f  Vt 0 o  Ia jX a
W f'   di
p
0
B
Ns  Nr 3E f Vt
w f   HdB s P sin 
0
Ns Xs
H
N r  (1  s) N s P  3VI cos
w 'f   BdH
0

1
W f  i 2 L( x)
R2 E f  Vt  I a jX s
Pmech  I 22 (1  s )  Pag (1  s )
2 s

W f  , x 
fm   sin( x  y ) sin( x  y )
x   constant sin( x) cos( y )  
2 2
W f' i , x  cos(x  y) cos(x  y)
fm  sin(x)sin(y)  
x 2 2
i  constant

i d 2
cos( x  y ) cos( x  y )
fm  L(x) cos( x) cos( y )  
2 dx 2 2
2 d E f 1 sin( 1 )  E f 2 sin( 2 )
fm  2
L( x)
2 L ( x ) dx
1 2 dL11 1 2 dL 22 dL R2
T  i1  i2  i1i 2 12 Pag  I 22
2 d 2 d d s
2
1 V1 R2
T 
 syn ( R1  R 2 / s )  ( X 1  X 2 ) s
2 2
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Name : ………………………………………………………… sec : ………………………

Attachment Q2(c) - submit this attachment with your Q2 answer