DEDAN KIMATHI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

University Examination 2014/2015

SECOND YEAR SPECIAL/SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION FOR

THE DEGREE IN BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN TELECOMUNICATION
AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING
ETI 2202: ELECTRICAL MACHINES I

DATE: 1ST JULY 2015 TIME: 8.30AM – 10.30AM

INSTRUCTION
1. There are five questions. Answer three questions
2. Question one has 30 marks and is compulsory. Others have 20 marks each.
3. Read the instruction in the answer booklet before starting.

QUESTION ONE (30MARKS)

a) With reference to electrical machines state the following laws.

i). Faraday law,
ii). Amperes law
iii).Lenz law (3 Marks)
b) From first principle and using a single loop diagram, derive the expression for induced
voltage in a DC generator (5 Marks)
c) A 15 kVA, 2300/230 V transformer was tested to by open-circuit and closed-circuit tests.
The following data was obtained

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 VOC = 2300 V VSC = 47 V

IOC = 0.21 A ISC = 6.0 A

POC = 50 W PSC = 160 W

i). Find the equivalent circuit of this transformer referred to the high-voltage side.
ii). Find the equivalent circuit of this transformer referred to the low-voltage side.
iii).Calculate the full-load voltage regulation at 0.8 lagging power factor, at 1.0 power
factor, and at 0.8 leading power factor.
iv). Plot the voltage regulation as load is increased from no load to full load at power
factors of 0.8 lagging, 1.0, and 0.8 leading.
v). What is the efficiency of the transformer at full load with a power factor of 0.8
lagging? (12 Marks)
d) Discuss commutation in DC machines and briefly give problems associated with
commutation (5 Marks)
e) You are in a construction site and you realized that supplied machines have higher
capacity than installed transformer, Briefly discuss the conditions that must be met
before the transformers are connected in parallel (5 Marks)

QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS)

a) In brief, discuss the how speed control can be achieved in a DC shunt motor using the
field circuit stating disadvantages if any. (6 Marks)
b) An eight-pole, 25-kW, 120-V DC generator has a duplex lap-wound armature, which has
64 coils with 16 turns per coil. Its rated speed is 2400 r/min.
i). Calculate flux per pole is required to produce the rated voltage in this generator at
no-load conditions
ii). What is the current per path in the armature of this generator at the rated load?
iii).What is the induced torque in this machine at the rated load?
iv). How many brushes must this motor have? How wide must each one be?
v). If the resistance of this winding is 0.011 Ωper turn, what is the armature resistance
Ra of this machine? (8 Marks)
c) With the help of a diagram describe armature reaction, its associated problems and
recommend its remedy in direct current machines (6 Marks)

QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS)

a) Describe the working principle of a permanent magnet DC motor stating its advantages
and disadvantages. (7 Marks)
b) A 240- V DC series motor is running at a speed of 800rpm and draws a current of 100A.
Calculate at what speed the motor will run when developing a half torque. Total resistance of the
armature abd the field is 0.1Ω. Assume that the magnetic circuit is not saturated. (5 Marks)

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 c) With the help of diagrams, describe Ward Leonard method of controlling the speed of a
DC motor. Stating its advantages and disadvantages. (8 Marks)

EQUATION FOUR (20 MARKS)

a) Draw a comparison between magnetic circuits and electrical circuits with at least four
parameters that are analogous. (5 Marks)
b) The figure Q 4 (b) has dimensions Ac = Ag = 9 cm , g = 0.050cm, lc = 30 cm, and N
2

= 500 tums. Assume the value μr = 70,000 for core material.

i). Find the reluctances c and g.
ii). For the condition that the magnetic circuit is operating with Bc = 1.0 T, find
A. the flux Φ and
B. the current i.

Fig Q 4 (b) (5 Marks)

c) A single-phase power system consists of a 480-V 60-Hz generator that is connected to the
load Zload = 4 + j3Ω through the transmission line with Zline = 0.18 + j0.24Ω as shown in
the figure Q 4 (c)
i). Explain the operation of a transformer
ii). What is the voltage at the load? What are the transmission line losses?
iii). If a 1:10 step up transformer and a 10:1 step down transformer are placed
at the generator and the load ends of the transmission line respectively,
what are the new load voltage and the new transmission line losses?

Fig Q 4 (c) (10 Marks)

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QUESTION FIVE (20 MARKS)

a) With the help of the diagram, discuss the losses that are involved in a DC machine and
give the expression for efficiency (4 Marks)
b) A 240-kW, 240-V, 6-pole, 600-rpm, separately excited generator is delivering the rated
load at the rated voltage. The generator has
Ra ,=0.01Ω , Rfw =30 Ω , V f =120 V , N f =500 turns per pole ,∧Pr ,=10 kW . The
demagnetizing mmf due to armature reaction is 25% of the armature current. Its
magnetization curve is given in Figure Q 5 (b) below. Determine
i). the induced emf at full load,
ii). the power developed,
iii). the torque developed,
iv). the applied torque,
v). the efficiency,
vi). the external resistance in the field winding, and
vii). the voltage regulation.

Fig Q 5 (b) (10 Marks)

c) With the help of a simple diagram explain using three point starter how to start a dc shunt
motor (6 Marks)

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