PHYS101L

REPORT NO. 1

NAME (LAST, FIRST): Lovino, Julia Margaret Lee U.

SUBJECT & SECTION: PHYS 101L - B9
SUBMISSION DATE: February 24, 2023
 Experiment no. 101: NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

PART A. Table 1. Constant Mass, Changing Net Force

mass of cart, m1= 0.5109kg
distance traveled, s= 0.50m
net force,
total hanging m2 g acceleration time of acceleration % ERROR
TRIAL mass, m2 (accepted value), a travel, t (experimental
value),a
1 0.025kg 0.196N 0.3836m/s2 1.3303s 0.5651m/s2 47.31%
2 2
2 0.065kg 0.588N 1.1509m/s 0.8604s 1.3508m/s 17.37%
2 2
3 0.105kg 0.98N 1.9182m/s 0.6991s 2.0463m/s 6.68%

Calculation:

Accepted: Experimental:

A= m 2 g/m 1+ m2 A= 2s/t^2

A= 0.196N/0.5109kg A= 2(0.5)/(1.3303)^2

A= 0.3836 m/s^2 A= 1m/1.7697

A= 0.5651 m/s^2
GRAPHS

Part A. Constant Mass, Changing Net Force

Acceleration (m/s2)

Net force (N)

Analysis

Our group observed several phenomena while performing the requisite physics lab experiment, including
mass placement-induced velocities. The transit time is longer for a smaller total hanging mass. When we
started our lab experiment, the weight hook already had small weights. The journey time is affected by the
total hanging mass. The movement speed decreased as the dangling object's mass rose. Acceleration slows as
the trip lengthens. After the time trial, the dynamics cart traveled slowly when the photogate activated. The trip
will end fast if acceleration is high. The photogates were detected when the dynamics cart passed. It took a little
time because it was fast. During our group experiment, we completed some early analyses. Each table's written,
and collected data from the experiment was unique since each table's controlled variable was unique. Table
1A's controlled variable was the mass of the dangling object, while Table 1B's was the hover puck's mass. With
any hover puck mass change, Table 1A's data table and graph show a steady trend. Between the first and
second trials with 0.25 kg and 0.65 kg puck masses, acceleration decreased. The graph's negative slope
between the 0.2-kg and 0.6-kg points indicates a slower acceleration. This trend continues throughout the
remaining trials, indicating that increasing incremental masses (0.2 kg in this case) reduces acceleration. The
graph's lines connecting the dots show an exponential slowdown of acceleration relative to the puck's constant
mass growth. As a heavier hover puck slows the system, we can conclude that its acceleration is inversely
related to its mass. This experiment beautifully demonstrated Isaac Newton's Second Law of Motion.
Acceleration decreases with mass, as demonstrated in Figure 1. According to the experiment, raising the net
force would abruptly increase the cart's acceleration. The net force is directly proportional to acceleration. The
acceleration of mass1 increased whenever the net force of mass2 increased during the experiment. Furling a
boat's sails is one example of this notion. Sailors had to furl sails by hand before machines could accomplish it.
To prevent sails from being ripped off, sailors furl them before a storm. Sailors need to apply a lot of net force
to the sails' ropes to furl them faster before they tear off.
 PART B. Table 2. Changing Mass, Constant Net Force

Total hanging mass, m2= 0.100kg Net Force, m2 g=0.98N

distance traveled, s= 0.50m
time of acceleration
mass of cart + mass added, acceleration travel, t (experimental % ERROR
TRIAL m1 (accepted value), a value),a
1 0.5109kg 1.6042m/s2 0.7142s 1.9604m/s2 22.20%
2 2
2 0.6109kg 1.2085m/s 0.7908s 1.5990m/s 32.31%

3 0.8109kg 0.8822m/s2 0.8839s 1.2799m/s2 45.08%

Calculation:

Accepted: Experimental:

A= m2g/m1+m2 A= 2s/t^2

A= 0.98N/0.6109kg A= 2(0.5m)/(0.7142)^2

A= 1.6042 m/s^2 A= 1m/0.5101

A= 1.9604 m/s^2

GRAPHS
 Part B. Constant Net Force, Changing Mass

Acceleration (m/s2)

Mass (kg)

Analysis

Our group discovered various occurrences at the end of the necessary physics lab experiment, such that
multiple mass placements resulted in varying maximum speeds. Lower hanging mass slows transit time. This
was our first weight-hanging experiment, loaded with modest weights. Second, the weight of what's dangling
does affect travel time. The weight of the item hanging from the ceiling increased, slowing motion. Acceleration
decreases with travel time. After the time trial, the dynamics cart moved slowly through the photogate.
Acceleration shortens the trip. The dynamics cart's photogate crossing was observed. Its speed reduced the
time needed. We analyzed this while experimenting. Due to various factors being controlled, experiment
results varied per table. Table 1A used the hanging object's mass as our independent variable, while Table 1B
used the hover puck's. Hover puck mass fluctuates in Table 1A's table and graph. The acceleration decreased
from 0.25 kg to 0.65 kg. The negative slope between the 0.2-kg and 0.6-kg values indicates weaker acceleration.
Acceleration decreases with incremental masses, such as 0.2 kg. The lines connecting the graph points flatten
out gradually from experiment to experiment, showing an exponential slowdown of acceleration compared to
the puck's constant mass gain. Hover puck mass decreases system acceleration; hence they must be inversely
connected. This experiment demonstrated Newton's Second Law of Motion well. 1. Mass slows acceleration. As
seen and computed during the experiment, the cart's acceleration spiked whenever the net force was
increased. Acceleration is proportional to the net force. Mass1 accelerated with mass2's net force. Furling boat
sails illustrate this. Sailors manually furled sails before the sail furling mechanism. Before a storm, sailors
would furl sails. Sailors must apply a lot of net force to the ropes when furling the sails to avoid damaging them.
 Experiment no. 102: FRICTION

PART A. Determination of the Coefficient of Friction

TABLE 1a. (large side of the block) TABLE 1b. (narrow side the block)
of
(total weight (total weight Coefficient of (total weight (total weight Coefficient of
of the block) of the pan) friction of the block) of the pan) friction
Wb Wp Wb Wp
182.9g 60g 0.3280 182.9g 55g 0.3607

202.9g 75g 0.3696 202.9g 65g 0.3204

242.9g 95g 0.3911 242.9g 75g 0.3088

282.9g 105g 0.3712 282.9g 85g 0.3005

312.9g 115g 0.3675 312.9g 95g 0.3036

Average Coefficient of Friction = 0.3655 Average Coefficient of Friction = 0.3068

PART B. Determination of the Angle of Repose

TABLE 2.
Vertical height Horizontal distance
h b tan θ
θ
40cm 0.3536
120cm 19.4712o
 Analysis

When more mass is added to the wooden block (felt side down) and then to the pan, Table 1A
shows that friction decreases. This section of the experiment increases friction by placing the block's
broader side on the table. It was also found that increasing the pan's mass kept the block traveling at
the same speed. This shows that the area of an object's surface that contacts the platform or surface
determines its friction. Listing 1B As seen in table 1B, the coefficient of friction reduces as the block
and pan gain mass. The pan's total weight is lighter in table 1B than in table 1A. Trial 5's values are
the same even though table 1A Wp is more significant than table 2B Wp. Acceleration is proportionate
to applied force in E102, according to the experiment. The statistics support the introduction's
statements. When two surfaces touch, friction stops movement. Due to its effects on motion and
temperature, friction is vital to our life. A formula relating normal force to frictional force is
proportional. According to specialists' calculations, friction decreases with an angle of repose. Due to
the tiny standard deviations and excellent agreement between experimental and computed results,
we decided that the trials were valid. We were able to make accurate measurements and
interpretations because our results were near. It also shows that the experiment was properly done
and that the data were processed correctly. We saw a wide variety of findings when our team ran the
laboratory experiment in a web browser. With decreasing block mass, the minimal angle of repose
falls. This sentence illustrates. Since the object weighs 534 grams, a lower height increase is needed to
slide it. If the block is substantial, a larger angle of repose is necessary. This sentence illustrates. The
object's greater mass requires a more significant tilt angle to move it (644 grams vs. 6.6 degrees). This
was noted in our group experiment analysis. Hence, the coefficient of friction equals the angle of
repose. The two ratios have been calculated using several approaches, but the approximate numbers
are still close to the genuine ones. Experimental errors have caused discrepancies between the
computed results and the original source. The angle of repose can be used to identify the best size for
a conveyor belt, hopper, or silo to hold material.

Problem and Solution