NKRI

Fajar Nugraha, M.I.Kom

Indonesia comes from the Latin indus
and nesos which means India and the
archipelago. Indonesia is the name given
to the islands in the Indian Ocean and
that is what is meant by the unity of the
island which is then called Indonesia
(Setidjo, Pandji, 2009).
"Kita hanya dua kali mengalami nationale staat,
yaitu di jaman Sriwijaya dan di jaman
Majapahit... nationale staat hanya Indonesia
seluruhnya, yang telah berdiri di jaman
Sriwijaya dan Majapahit dan yang kini pulau kita
harus dirikan bersama-sama."
(Pidato "Lahirnya Pancasila", 1 Juni 1945)
History of Indonesia Colonial Period
1596 -> entered the western nation of Portugal and Spain,
followed by the Dutch. The Netherlands applies politics "adu
domba"
The rise of resistance is regional--> Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Cik
Dik Tiro, Teuku Umar, Sultan Hasanuddin, Imam Bonjol, Panglima
Polim, dan Pangeran Diponogoro
1908 -> appeared Boedi Oetomo
1909 -> Founded The Serikat Dagang Islam -> 1911 -> Serikat Islam
the leadership of HOS Tjokroaminoto
1912 -> Founded the Islamic Organization Muhammadiyah
1926 -> Jamiyah Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) was born
1927 -> Indonesian National Party (PNI)
1928 -> The youth oath was born
1942 -> Japan landed in Indonesia
1944-1945 -> Japan pushed by the Allies
1945 -> Japan formed BPUPKI (Dokuritzu Junbi Choosakai)
1945 -> there was a power vacuum because Japan had
surrendered to the allies, the Indonesian people drafted
the text of the Proclamation and proclaimed Indonesia's
independence on August 17, 1945
History of Indonesia Post-Independence
18 August 1945 -> PPKI session, ratification of the 1945 Constitution
1946 -> Dutch re-enters Indonesia
27 December 1948 -> the Dutch succeeded in controlling Yogyakarta,
the Government of Indonesia formed the Emergency Government of the
Republic of Indonesia (PDRI) under the leadership of Mr. Sjafrudin
Prawiranegara
1949 -> Resistance against the Dutch through military and diplomacy.
Military Path, by establishing several military bases and guerrilla
resistance.
Diplomacy route, with Roem and Van Roeyen negotiations, namely
Yogya is returned to the Republic of Indonesia, and then negotiations
will be held regarding the transfer of sovereignty
23 August - 2 November 1949 -> Roundtable Conference (KMB)
negotiations in The Hague and succeeded in ending the physical
confrontation between Indonesia and the Netherlands.
27 Desember 1949 -> The Netherlands recognizes the sovereignty of the
Republic of Indonesia on the condition that it is a United State
3 April 1950 -> Natsir's Integral Motion to bring Indonesia back into the
Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia
1950-1958 -> there was a rebellion to secede, including :
The Revolt of the Queen of Justice's Armed Forces in Bandung
Andi Azis Rebellion in Makassar
Rebellion of the Republic of South Maluku
Ibn Hajar Rebellion in South Kalimantan
DI/TII Rebellion in South Sulawesi
5 July 1959 -> Presidential Decree to return to the 1945 Constitution
The Unitary State
of The Republic of
Indonesia (NKRI)
One territory from Sabang to Merauke and from
Miangas to Rote Island

Article 18 paragraph (1) of the 1945

Constitution
"Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia
dibagi atas daerah-daerah provinsi
dan daerah provinsi dibagi atas
kabupaten dan kota, yang tiap-tiap
provinsi, kabupaten, kota itu
mempunyai pemerintahan dan, yang
diatur dengan undang-undang."
A unitary nation called the Indonesian nation

Article 18B paragraph (1]2) of the 1945

Constitution
"Negara mengakui dan menghormati
kesatuan-kesatuan masyarakat
hukum adat beserta hak-hak
tradisionalnya sepanjang masih
hidup dan sesuai dengan
perkembangan masyarakat, dan
prinsip Negara Kesatuan Republik
Indonesia yang diatur dalam
Undang-Undang"
One unit of ownership of natural resources, the
maximum use of which is for the welfare of the
people
One unitary state
ideology, namely
Pancasila
A national political unit that must always side
with the national interest
One unit of the national economy that must
always side with efforts to prosper the
Indonesian people
A unity of national culture that has Indonesian
identity as a national character
A distinctive national security defense system
according to Indonesian characteristics
State Function
(Khaerumah & Ghazali, 2020)

Impelement Law and order to achieve common goals

and prevent clashes in society, the state must
exercise control
Strive for the welfare and prosperity of the people
Defense
Enforcing justice: through the judiciary
State Duties
(Khaerumah & Ghazali, 2020)

Essential Tasks --> defend the state as a sovereign political

organization, including :
The state's internal task -> maintain order, peace, security,
peace within the state and protect the rights of everyone
External task -> defend the independence/sovereignty of the
country
Facultative Tasks--> organize and enlarge the general welfare
The principles of the national state in the NKRI
(Khaerumah & Ghazali, 2020)

The superiority of the Pancasila state system as the

state of the Proclamation of August 17, 1945
NKRI as a people's sovereign state (democracy)
NKRI as a state of law
NKRI as a nation state
NKRI as a family-based country (Understanding unity,
national insight and archipelago insight)
The Threat of the
NKRI Against the
Distortion of the
"Truth Market" Social
Media
 The post-truth era of truth is controlled by
those in power (political, economic, or
other sources), and undermines the
authority of authorities and scientists.

Social Media The risk of post-truth politics not only

threatens security stability, but also
and Post degrades the meaning of politics and
democracy itself.
Truth
Experiencing a disciplinary shift from
"following the rules" towards an order
controlled by like and share mechanisms.
Viral is late to become a regime
 Social Media Flexibility
people choose the space they prefer where most of the
information confirms existing attitudes and biases

Causes of Psychological distance between netizens

contribute to impoliteness, which in turn fosters group
post-truth via polarization

social media Changes in People's Psychology

(Suryadi, 2000) Such as excessive anxiety makes people vulnerable to
environmental influences and less responsive to
arguments

Decrease in Social Capital

Decreased attitudes of empathy, goodwill, trust among people,
trust in public institutions, and community involvement
The Challenge of the NKRI in the midst of
the "Truth Market" Trap
(Suryadi, 2020)

Factors that strengthen and weaken national unity are

transformed according to the development of society
Threats that erode the sense of the nation penetrate
like a virus
Advances in information technology have paved the
way for the exchange of information, including grazing
state secrets
Thought-to-mind transactions are latent, and not easy
to monitor
National
Education
The spectrum of threats has
changed, so the
deformalization of national
education must be carried
out.
Cultivating a sense of
nationhood must be an
all-in-one activity,
through various forms of
citizen activities.
"Students can spread the spirit of the nation by
inviting social media users to be creative in
creating messages, not just being followers"
THANKS