DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

POLITEKNIK KOTA KINABALU

LAB SHEET & REPORT

DJJ 30113 : MATERIAL SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING
ROCKWELL HARDNESS
SESSION : 2020/2021
PROGRAM : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MANUFACTURING
CLASS & SECTION : DTP 3
LECTURER’S NAME : MADAM SITI AMINAH
GROUP : 2

STUDENT’S NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER

MOHD FARUQ HAKIM
MOHAMMAD AZRI BIN AHMAD
SHAH 07DTP20F2019
07DTP20F2016
ILYAS BIN
MOHD. RIZAL
IZZAT IQMAL 07DTP20F2007
07DTP20F2005
MOHAMMAD SYAHRIL BIN SAILUDIN
DARREN JACKY 07DTP20F2018
07DTP20F2015
HAZEL LEE GAYLE DEXTER KOTTY 07DTP20F2013

DUE DATE
SUBMISSION DATE MARKS :

PREPARED BY APPROVED BY
SITI AMINAH BINTI ABD HALIM
PENSYARAH
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
POLITEKNIK KOTA KINABALU
 DJJ 30113 : MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ROCKWELL HARDNESS

ROCKWELL HARDNESS TEST

1.0 COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME :

Upon completion of this course, students should be able to :

1.1 Organize appropriately experiments in groups according to the standard Operating
Procedures. (P4, PLO4)
1.2 Demonstrate ability to work in team to complete assigned tasks during practical work sessions.
(A3, PLO7)

2.0 OBJECTIVES :

2.1 Metallographic Analysis

2.1.1 Perform hardness testing.
a. Rockwell test.
2.2 To teach students the fundamental concepts associated with the Rockwell Hardness Test. The
student is expected to become familiar with the essential features of the test procedure and to
be able to properly interpret the resulting data.
2.3 To determine the hardness of material through the measurement of the materials resistance to
penetration by an indenter of known parameter.

3.0 EQUIPMENT :

3.1 Rockwell hardness tester Model ATK-1000

3.2 Penetrator or indenter
3.3 Hardness conversion table

4.0 MATERIALS & CONSUMABLES :

4.1 Aluminum
4.2 Alloy copper
4.3 cast iron

5.0 SAFETY AND HEALTH :

It is the individual’s responsibility to practice the following general safety guidelines at all times and
keep your workspace reasonably tidy.

6.0 PROCEDURES

6.1 Select the penetrator

6.2 The specimen placed on the anvil
6.3 The image was selected to enlarge the indenter moves down into position on the parts surface
6.4 Firstly applied a minor load of 10 kg which cause an initial penetration and holds the indenter
in place
6.5 The dial is set zero to establish zero reference position
6.6 The major load was set at 100 kg. The major load is applied for a specified time period
(dwell time) beyond zero.
6.7 Upon released the major load, the depth reading was taken while the minor load is still on.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, POLITEKNIK KOTA KINABALU 1
 DJJ 30113 : MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ROCKWELL HARDNESS

6.8 The major load was released by pressing the lever on front of the machine
6.9 The lever down was held until the need comes to a virtual stop
6.10 Release the part by lowering the anvil, read the dial
6.11 Read the number on the B-scale indicated by the large dial hand
6.12 Repeat these steps for the other material.

7.0 RESULT

Materials
Rockwell
ALOY 1. 384
2. 344
3. 403
Average : 377
Standard deviation : 15.55
ALLUMINUM 1. 309
2. 267
3. 236
Average : 270.67
Standard deviation : 29.84
STEEL 1. 758
2. 749
3. 778
Average : 761.67
Standard deviation : 9.66

8.0 DISCUSSION

1)According to the Rockwell and Brinell hardness test result, the hardness among the five
specimen are shown here, Stainless steel>steel>brass>aluminium>copper.
Advantages of Rockwell test method
-Simple operation of the hardness testing devices.
-Short time required for test procedure.
-Economical test device. -Can be automated.
-Can be used for a very wide range of materials.
-Can be used for tests at hard-to-reach test locations.
-Low costs for sample preparartion.
Disadvantages of Rockwell test method
-Possible errors due to shifting of the sample under test load during test cycle
-Danger of unrecognized incorrect measurements in the case of demaged indenter
-Quality of the indenter has a strong influence on the test result

9.0 CONCLUSION
The higher the HB value,the harder and stronger the metal.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, POLITEKNIK KOTA KINABALU 2

 DJJ 30113 : MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ROCKWELL HARDNESS

10.0 REFERENCES

-William D.Callister,Jr.(2010)Material Science And Engineering An Introduction.8th

-Ed.Hardness. John Wiley & Sons,Inc.United State of America.pg 174 -179
-https://www.struers.com/en/Knowledge/Hardness-testing#hardnesstestingabout

11.0 QUESTIONS

11.1 What is hardness test?

Identation hardnes tests are used in mechanical engineering to determine the hardness of a material to
deformation. Several such tests exist, wherein the exaimend material is idented until an impression is
formed: these tests can be performed on a macroscopic or mircoscopic scale.

11.2 How is the hardness of material measured?

The hardness is determined by measuring the depth of indenter penetration or by

measuring the size of the impression left by an indenter.

11.3 Compare the hardness between three different materials.

Alloy < Alluminum < Steel

From the experiment we got to know that steel is harder than alluminum but alluminum is harder than
alloy

11.4 Why hardness test is important?

The application of hardness testing enables you to evaluate a material's

properties,such as strength, ductility and wear resistance, and so helps you
determine whether a material or material treatment is suitable for the purpose you
require

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, POLITEKNIK KOTA KINABALU 3

 DJJ 30113 : MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ROCKWELL HARDNESS

MARKING SCHEME SHEET

ASSESMENT PRACTICAL TASK (A)

Unsatisfactory Satisfactory 2 Fair Good Excellent

Category Score
1 3 4 5

A. Group We did most of We worked We worked We worked Need some

Cooperation the work by together some together most together so that correction on
ourselves, we of the time, of the time, everyone technical work
talked a little sharing sharing contributed to procedure
among our information information the final
group members. regularly. regularly. project.
/5
B. Distribution Only one group Some group Everyone had We divided up Work was
of Group Task members did not members did a job to do and completed shared fairly
complete any of not complete but some jobs the work according to
the work. any of the were equally. the abilities
work. incomplete. and interests
of the
members.
/5
C. Group We had no leader No one person Only one One or more We had a
Leadership so we just did our was leader so person was persons took a leader who
own thing. we usually leader so we leadership role helped us
helped each usually and gave good organize and
other get the helped each directions that stay on task
job done. other get the kept us going. until the job
job done was complete.
/5
D. We only talked We talked about We talked We usually We talked all
Communication when we what we were about what asked each the time and
among group thought we doing. we were other for help shared our
members. needed to, but doing and and showed our work for group
received little showed when work to each feedback.
feedback. someone other.
asked.
/5
E. Individual One people tried Some person did Each person We all seemed Everyone did a
Participation very hard but some work and did some to find our place great job, I
most didn’t do tried to do a fair work and and do what would work
much. share. tried to do a was needed. with these
fair share. people again.
/5
F. Listening to We usually We usually We usually We listened Everyone
other points of listened to what listened to each listened to while other listened to each
view others were other and some each other talked, we other a lot and
saying but some tried to use what and tried to learned about used what we
either did not they said in the use what they different heard to
share ideas or project said in the viewpoints and improve our
argued. project used some of work and the
that whole project
information in
the project. /5

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, POLITEKNIK KOTA KINABALU 4

 DJJ 30113 : MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ROCKWELL HARDNESS

G. Showing No one was Only one were Some were Most were All were
respect. courteous and courteous and courteous courteous and courteous and
opinion were some opinions and some most opinion valued each
not valued. were valued. opinions were were valued. other’s
valued. opinion.
/5
Total
/35

MARK(S) GIVEN
STUDENT’S NAME MATRIX NO. A B C D E F G H TOTAL
I J

REPORT MARKING SCHEME

Skill/ Aspect Unsatisfactory Fair Good Very good Excellent SCORE

1 2 3 4 5

PRACTICAL
A.Personal Student not Student only Student wearing Student wearing Student wearing
Protecting wearing any PPE wearing safety work wear jacket all PPE (safety all PPE all time
Equipment (P.P.E) shoe and safety shoe glasses / ear During lab/
plug / glove etc) experiment
/5
B Safety Incomplete / out Less information Moderate Detail Very Detail
precautions of the topics about safety information information information
about safety about safety about safety
/5
C Equipments Incomplete / out Missing several Still missing Important Detail
of the topics important some equipments information
equipments equipments covered, about all
details and some minor equipments
functions details missing used in
laboratory
/5
D Standard Incomplete lists / Less information Moderate Detail Very Detail
Operating out of the topics about S.O.P information information information
Procedures about S.O.P about S.O.P about S.O.P
(S.O.P)
/5
E Experimental Incomplete list / Missing several Missing some Important All experimental
Procedures / out of the topics important experimental experimental details
tasks experimental procedures details are covered
procedures are covered, /done
some minor
details
missing /5
F Result / Analysis Incomplete or Less or incorrect Some of the Almost all of the All important
/ Calculations incorrect interpretation of results have results have data
comparison of trends and been been correctly comparisons
data / comparison of correctly interpreted and interpreted
calculations data / interpreted and discussed correctly
calculations discussed discussed or
calculated /5
REPORT
G Introduction Very little Some Moderate Information is Very Detail
information is introductory information nearly complete, information
provided or the information, about the topics missing some about the topics
information is but still missing minor points
incorrect some
points
/5
H Discussion Cannot explain / Can briefly Explaining well Explain with Explain with
answering the explain / answer details details and
questions examples
/5

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, POLITEKNIK KOTA KINABALU 5

 DJJ 30113 : MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ROCKWELL HARDNESS

I Conclusions Hardly analyse Briefly analyse Good analyze Detail analyze Very detailed
and integrate and integrate and integrate and integrate analyze and
acquired acquired acquired most acquired integrate
information with information with information with information with acquired
own ideas own ideas own ideas own ideas information with
own ideas
/5
J References Retrieve relevant Retrieve relevant Retrieve relevant Retrieve relevant Retrieve relevant
information from information from information from information from information from
only one source two sources three sources four sources more than five
sources
/5
TOTAL SCORE
/ 50

MARK(S) GIVEN
STUDENT’S NAME MATRIX NO. A B C D E F G H TOTAL
I J

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