HTP-ER-OM-A-3 Operation Regulation For Electric System

Revision: Language: Page:
HEPE
Dept:
0 EN 118 HTP-ER-OM-A-3
File no.:-
O&M Harbin Huitong Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd.

Project: Plant section:
Ecuador Esmeraldas II Thermoelectricity Project Electric

Prepared: Checked: Approved:
Huang Chao Jiang Peng Tie Sijia

Form No.:
O & M DOCUMENTATION
Date:
2014-01-01 Operation Regulation
OPERATION REGULATION
FOR
ELECTRIC SYSTEM
哈尔滨汇通电力工程有限公司
Harbin Huitong Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd

Dept. Page:
Content 2 / 118
O&M
CONTENT
1 Unit Overall Design .....................................................................................................................4
2 General Specifications................................................................................................................4
2.1 Generator Insulation Level ..................................................................................................5
2.2 Basic Technical Parameters of the Main Transformer ........................................................7
2.3 Main Parameters of Outlet Circuit Breaker of Generator .................................................10
2.4 Parameters of 13.8kV Common Enclosed Bus ................................................................ 11
2.5 Parameters of Voltage Transformer .................................................................................. 11
2.6 Parameters of Current Transformer ..................................................................................12
2.7 Parameters of Arrester ......................................................................................................12
2.8 Parameters of Neutral Point Grounding Transformer ....................................................... 13
2.9 Parameters of Excitation System ......................................................................................13
2.10 Specifications of House-Service Equipment...................................................................14
2.11 138kV Outdoor Equipment .............................................................................................. 26
3 Start/Stop Auxiliary Equipments of Unit .................................................................................33
3.1 Operation of Transformer Cooling Device ........................................................................33
3.2 Start/Stop Operation of DC System ..................................................................................37
3.3 Start/Stop Operating UPS .................................................................................................38
3.4 Start/Stop Diesel Generator .............................................................................................. 42
3.5 Operation of 13.8kV System Grounding ...........................................................................46
3.6 138kV System Operation ..................................................................................................49
4 Start/stop of Generator .............................................................................................................53
4.1 GCB Operation of Generator before Parallel Operation...................................................53
4.2 Parallel Load-carrying of Generator..................................................................................53
4.3 Notes in the Process of Generator Startup.......................................................................54
4.4 Generator Trip and Outage ............................................................................................... 56
4.5 Operation after Unit Outage .............................................................................................. 56
5 Maintenance and Operation Mode during Unit Operation ....................................................57
5.1 Inspection during Normal Operation of Generator ........................................................... 57
5.2 Monitoring and Inspection of Transformer Normal Operation ..........................................57
5.3 Inspection during Operation of DC System ......................................................................60
5.4 Maintenance of Electric Motor during Operation .............................................................. 61
5.5 Inspection and Maintenance of UPS ................................................................................64
5.6 Inspection, Operation and Maintenance of Security Power Supply and Emergency Diesel
Engine .....................................................................................................................................64
5.7 Operation Mode of Transformer ........................................................................................ 65
5.8 Operating Mode of High-voltage Auxiliary Power System ................................................67
5.9 Operating Mode of Low-voltage Auxiliary System ............................................................ 68
5.10 Operating Mode of Security Power of Unit .....................................................................69
5.11 General Provisions of Operation and Management of Electric Motor ............................ 69
5.12 Operating Mode of Electric Motor ...................................................................................70
5.13 Operating Mode of DC System ....................................................................................... 72
5.14 Operating Mode of UPS ..................................................................................................75
5.15 Operating Mode of Generator ......................................................................................... 76
5.16 Operating Mode of Power Distribution Device................................................................ 77
5.17 Lightning Arrester ............................................................................................................81
5.18 Power Cable....................................................................................................................82
Serial No.：HTP-ER-OM-A-3 R e v. 0 Issued Date:01/01/2014

Dept. Page:
Content 3 / 118
O&M
6 Relay Protection of Generator Unit ......................................................................................... 84

6.1 General Requirements and Provisions .............................................................................84
6.2 Inspection and Trial Run in Emergency Cases.................................................................85
6.3 Generator and Transformer Protection Configuration ......................................................87
6.4 138kV Transmission Line Protection Configuration .......................................................... 88
6.5 Auxiliary Transformer and Standby Transformer Protection Configuration ......................89
7 Trouble Removals of Units .......................................................................................................90
7.1 Lost of All Auxiliary Electricity ........................................................................................... 90
7.2 Motor Fault ........................................................................................................................ 91
7.3 Auxiliary Transformer Fault ............................................................................................... 95
7.4 13.8kV Bus PT Fuse is Blew Out ......................................................................................96
7.5 Standby Transformer Fault ............................................................................................... 97
7.6 480V Auxiliary Power Failure ............................................................................................ 97
7.7 DC System Fault ...............................................................................................................99
7.8 Generator Fault ...............................................................................................................102

Dept. Operation Regulation for Page:
O&M Electric System 4 / 118
1 Unit Overall Design
The generator is synchronous generator, be designed to operate together with a

diesel, the machine has a shaft mounted fan inside. The surrounding air is used for
cooling. The cooling air is drawn in through air filters (self charging electrostatic
panels) and blown out to the surrounding environment. The stator frame is a rigid
welded steel structure construction. The stator core is built of thin Electric sheet steel
laminations which are insulated on both sides with heat-resistant inorganic Resin. The
radial cooling ducts in the stator core ensure uniform and effective cooling of the
Stator. The rotor consists of a shaft and poles fixed on the shaft, exciter and a fan(s).
The shaft is machined of steel forging. The exciter rotor and the fan are shrinking fitted
onto the shaft and secured with a key.
Excitation system is brushless excitation mode. Excitation power is supplied directly

from outlet of generator, with a three phase transformer; while excitation-starting
power is supplied from UPS cabinet of this unit.
Main transformer adopts a three-phase oil-immersed transformer, with its outlet

connected to 138kV system by overhead transmission line. Two 2000kVA dry type
transformers supply auxiliary power, which is connected with two 13.8kV busbar.
Generator and transformer adopt microprocessor-based relay protection produced by

NARI-Relays Electric Co. Ltd.
Generator and auxiliary power system are all controlled by Distributed Control System
(DCS), main transformer and 138kV transmission line are all controlled by Net Control
System (NCS), bus equipments, and utility equipments are all monitored by a network
computer monitoring system, and the computer monitoring console is set up in
centralized control room. Electrical components in unit control room are provided with
computer-based protection devices.
2 General Specifications
2.1 Generator Insulation Level
2.1.1 Insulation level of generator’s stators & rotors are classified as F
2.1.2 Generator specific parameters:
S/N Name Unit Design Value
1 Specifications & Model
Generator Model AMG 1120MP12 DSE
Rated capacity SN kVA 9823
Rated power PN kW 8350
Rated power factor cosφN 0.85
Rated voltage of stator UN kV 13.8
Rated current stator IN A 411
Rated frequency fN Hz 60
Rated rotating speed nN r/min 600
Rated excitation voltage UfN V 77.2
Rated excitation current IfN A 9
No-load excitation voltage V 30.2
No-load excitation current A 3.5

Stator coil connection mode YY
Cooling method IC0A1
Excitation mode brushless excitation
2 Short circuit
Short circuit ratio: 0,67
1,8 p.u. (rated excitation)

Sustained short circuit current:
> 2.5 p.u. (voltage regulator)
1950 (symmetric RMS)

Sudden short circuit current: A
4900 (peak value)
3 Voltage variation
Voltage drop at sudden increase of rated

20 %
load:
Voltage rise at sudden drop of rated load: 27 %
4 Reactive loading
Steady state reactive loading at rated

KVAR 7850 (lagging)
excitation:
Steady state reactive loading at zero

KVAR 4150 (leading)
excitation:

5 Torque
Rated load torque (Calculated of rated

156300 Nm
output in kVA):
The peak values of sudden short circuit air 2-phase short circuit: 585 %
gap torques: 3-phase short circuit: 415 %
6 Other
Stored energy constant (rotative energy

0,6 s
divided by rated effect):
Earth capacitance (1-phase): 0,09 µF
2.1.3 Current transformer is provided with a shield-type Bushing to generator for the
use of relay protection, voltage regulator and electric meter. It shall be installed onto
leading-out terminal of generator stator coil, with the secondary side lead connected
into in-situ terminal box.
Accuracy level and capacity:
Transformation ratio Accuracy level Capacity
800/5A 5P20 20VA
800/5A 5P20 20VA
500/1A 0.5 5VA
500/7A PX
2.2 Basic Technical Parameters of the Main Transformer

Type: outdoor, three phase, oil-immersed, double copper coil windings.
Cooling method: forced oil-circulated air-cooled.
Rated frequency: 60Hz
Rated capacity: 63 MVA
Rated voltage: High-voltage side: 147.5 kV
Low-voltage side: 13.8kV
Rated Current: High-voltage side: 246.6A
Low-voltage side: 2635.8A
Short-circuit impedance: 12.5% (at rated voltage & frequency, the temperature shall
be 75 ℃)
Marking of transformer connection group: YN, d11
Terminal connection methods:
High-voltage side: connected to 138kV SF6 using oil & gas Bushing to realize
completely closed electrical connection;
Low-voltage side: connected to 13.8kV common enclosed bus;
Neutral point of high-voltage side: overhead flexible conductor
Spacing between Bushings of transformer high/low-voltage sides:
High-voltage side: 2500 mm (tentative)
Low-voltage side: 1800 mm
Phase sequence of transformer: it is initially designated, facing to transformer and

from left to right, for high-voltage side as A, B, C, for low-voltage side as a, b, c.
Insulation/heat-resistant level of winding: A-level
Insulation level of winding: (see table as below)

short-time power-
Full-wave of lightning Chopped wave of
frequency withstand
surge lightning surge
voltage Operation Impact
(Peak, kV) (Peak, kV)

(RMS, kV)
1175 (phase to earth)

High-voltage 680 (phase to earth) 1550 1675
1800 (phase to phase)
Neutral point of
140 325 325 ―
high-voltage
low-voltage 85 200 220 －
Bushing: air bushing of transformer high-voltage side adopts joint-venture-epoxy

-resin-impregnated type; while the bushing for enclosed bus of transformer low
voltage side selects oilpaper capacitive type.
Withstand voltage:
Short-term power Full-wave of lightning

Operation Impact
frequency surge
(Peak, kV)
(RMS, kV) (Peak, kV)
High-voltage 740 1675 1175
Neutral point of high-voltage 140 325 －
Low-voltage 85 200 －
Parameters for bushing current transformer

Current ratio Accuracy class Rated output Number of group(s)

Installation location
400/5A 0.2s 1
Cable outlet side of high-voltage
400/5A 5P20 2
Neutral point of high-voltage 200/5A 5P20 2
2.3 Main Parameters of Outlet Circuit Breaker of Generator
Indoor, natural cooling, three-phase mechanical linkage, vacuum -insulated
Model: HVX-17-40
Number of phase: 3
Nominal voltage of system (kV): 13.8
Rated voltage (kV): 17
Rated current (A): 1250 (40°)
Breaking current: 40kA
Rated short-time current Ik max. 50kA (4S)
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage Up 95kV
Rated power frequency withstand voltage Ud 42kV
Minimum command time "OFF" el. tripping 20 ms
Minimum command time "ON" el. tripping 20 ms
Motor charging time 4~12 s
Operating mechanism adopts hydraulic spring operating, remote and local operation,
three-phase linkage, with a rated control voltage of DC125V, a operating voltage for
energy storage motor of DC125V.

Allowed variation range of operating voltage:
Opening: 85 - 110%
Reclosing: 85 - 110%
2.4 Parameters of 13.8kV Common Enclosed Bus
Type BGFM-13.8/3000-Z
Rated voltage 13.8 kV
Maximum voltage 15kV
Rated current 3000A
Rated lightning impulse - withstand voltage 95kV
Rated short-time power frequency-withstand voltage 51kV
Thermal stability current 31.5/4s
Maximum ambient temperature 40 ℃
Altitude ≤ 1000m
Seismic intensity ≥ 9 degree
Main bus circuit size (4000A) TMY -2 (125 × 8 ) mm
Shell size 1000 × 640 × 4
2.5 Parameters of Voltage Transformer
Site: Indoor
Model: JDZX9-15FG
Rated Voltage: 13.8/ 3 /0.115/ 3 /0.115/3 kV
Rated output: 50/100VA

Accuracy: 3P/3P
Winding connection type: Y Type / open triangle
Ambient temperature: Maximum: +40℃
Average per day: +30℃ Minimum:-5℃
Altitude: ≤1000m
Ambient humidity: Maximum relative humidity is 95%
Pollution level: class II
Rated voltage: 13.8kV, the highest voltage of equipment: 18kV
2.6 Parameters of Current Transformer
Transformation ratio: 800/5/5/5/5A
Accuracy level and capacity: 0.2S/0.5/5P20/5P20, 30VA/30VA /30VA/30VA
Rated voltage: 20 kV, the highest voltage: 24kV
Rated frequency: 60 Hz
2.7 Parameters of Arrester
Model: HY5WD-17.5-40Q
Ambient temperature within the range of -40℃ to +50℃
Altitude not exceeding 2000m
Frequency of AC power supply 48～62Hz
Wind velocity ≤35m/s
Intensity of solar radiation ≤1.1kw/m2

Earthquake intensity not exceeding Richter 7.0
Power-frequency voltage applied to MOA continuously not exceeding its continuous

operating voltage of the arrester
Max. Diurnal temperature variation not exceeding 30℃
2ms
Min.D.C.
Continuous Max. Rectangular
Rated reference 4/10µs
Operating residual current
voltage voltage at high
TYPE voltage voltage discharge
1mA Current
(kV) capacity
(kA)
(kV) (kV)
(kV)
(kA)
YH5WD-17.5/40 17.5 13.8 24.4 40 400 65
2.8 Parameters of Neutral Point Grounding Transformer
Model: DKDC-80
Single phase earthing transformer
Rated Voltage: 13.8kV
Rated capacity: 80kVA
Transformation ratio: 13.8/0.21kV
2.9 Parameters of Excitation System
The main technical data and performance accord with the relevant standard.
Accuracy: voltage regulation﹤0.1%
Regulate range: 0-150%UN

Forced excitation: 1.6-2Times, ≥10S
Adjust compensation range: ＋20%-－20%
Frequency performance: (voltage vibration)﹤0.1%/Hz
Soft start: no exceeds regulation, no oscillation
10% trigger set point jump at no load: (exceeds regulation) ﹤5%
vibration times﹤3, regulate time﹤5S
Auxiliary supply: AC input voltage 3-phase 9-250V
AC input voltage 1-phase 50-250V
DC input voltage 18-300V
Maximum power consumption 25W
Power electronics supply: AC input voltage 0-250V
DC input voltage 0-300V
Frequency range 40-600Hz
Measurement inputs: Generator voltage 3-phase max. 250V
Generator current 1-phase 1A
Excitation output: Continuous output current: 15A
DC Overload (10S maximum): 30A
DC Overload (4 min maximum): 20A DC
Serial interface: RS-232, RS-485
2.10 Specifications of House-Service Equipment
2.10.1 Specifications of operation transformer equipment

Basic parameters of auxiliary transformer
Rated
Model SCB10-2000/13.8 2000kVA Rated voltage 13.8±2×2.5%/0.48kV
capacity
Rated Number of
60Hz 3 Linked group Dyn11
Frequency phases
Voltage
Rated Current 84/2406A regulation ±2×2.5% Cooling method AN/AF
range
Insulation Temperature
LJ105-AC46/AC3 150℃
level rise of winding
Neutral point
1000/5A
bushing CT
Voltage of each of tap position of high-voltage side of operation transformer
Position of the tap changer Network voltage (V)
5-6 14490
4-6 14145
4-7 13800
3-7 13455
3-8 13110
2.10.2 Specifications of startup/standby transformer equipments

Basic parameters of auxiliary transformer
Rated
Model SCB10-2000/4.16 2000kVA Rated voltage 4.16±2×2.5%/0.48 kV
capacity
Rated Number of
60Hz 3 Linked group Dyn11
Frequency phases
Voltage
Rated Cooling
278/2406A regulation ±2×2.5% AN/AF
Current method
range
Insulation Temperature
LI105-AC25/AC3 150℃
level rise of winding
Neutral point
1000/5A
bushing CT
Voltage of each of tap position of high-voltage side of operation transformer
Position of the tap changer Network voltage (V)
5-6 4370
4-6 4265
4-7 4160
3-7 4055
3-8 3950
2.10.3 Specification of diesel equipment
Type: fixed, closed cooling, high-rpm, exhaust-gas-turbocharged type diesel engine

three-phase synchronous generator
Model: KOHLER1600EROZM
Normal power: 500KW
Standby power: 1308kW
Rated rpm: 1500r/min
Fuel consumption: 0.286L/kWh
Fuel model: 0 or No. 2 diesel fuel
Lubricating oil consumption: 0.0015L/kWh
Lubricating oil model: SAE15W-40
Generator:
Manufactory: United States
Model: 7M4050
Bearing number: 1
Rated Voltage: 400V
Rated output: 1200kW
Rated Current: 2165A
Rated ambient temperature: 40℃
Protection type of enclosure: IP21
Excitation mode: brushless, permanent magnet
Full load efficiency: 95.2%
Noise Level:109dB (A)
Stator insulation levels: H
Rated temperature rise of stator: 125℃

Rotor insulation level: H
Rated temperature rise of rotor: 125℃
2.10.4 Specification of security lighting MCC
Rated power Installed Calculated power

No. Equipment description
(kW) quan. (kW)
Main building emergency lighting

1 9 1 9
distribution box 1ale02-01
Main building emergency lighting

2 8 1 8
Office building emergency lighting

3 2 1 2
Oil treatment room emergency

4 1 1 1
lighting distribution box 1ale02-04
Domestic waste treatment room

5 emergency lighting distribution 2 1 2
box 1ale02-04
P(kW) 22
Sd (kVA) 22
Capacity selection of lighting

75
transformer (kVA)

2.10.5 Specifications of auxiliary motor equipment
Norms of high-voltage electrical equipment
Function group Motor technology data Quantity Control position Mount position
Rate Rate Rate Rate

No.
power voltage current speed
Name Type
kW V A R/min
1 Unloading pump module of lube oil 4 480 2 Local Oil area
2 Unloading pump module of light diesel 4 480 2 Local Oil area
3 Heavy fuel transfer module 15 480 2 CCR Oil area
4 Centrifugal of heavy fuel module 33 480 4 CCR Oil treatment room

Rate Rate Rate Rate

No.
Name Type
kW V A R/min
5 Diesel treatment module 10.1 480 1 CCR Oil treatment room
6 Heavy fuel transfer pressurized module 22 480 2 CCR Oil area
7 Light diesel transfer module 3 480 2 CCR Oil area
8 Lube oil transfer module 2.2 480 2 CCR Oil area
Condensate water pump module in oil

9 2.2 480 2 CCR Oil area
treatment room

Rate Rate Rate Rate

No.
Name Type
kW V A R/min
10 Oily wastewater module 0.75 480 1 Local Main building
11 Fuel supply module 3.55 480 12 CCR Main building
12 Lube oil supply module 55 480 12 CCR Main building
13 Lube oil treatment module 14.8 480 12 CCR Main building
14 Ht cooling pump module 55 480 24 CCR Main building

Rate Rate Rate Rate

No.
Name Type
kW V A R/min
15 Lt cooling pump module 37.5 480 24 CCR Main building
16 Industrial water pump module 7.5 480 2 CCR Main building
17 Diesel engine leakage oil module 2.2 480 1 Local Main building
18 Crane 13.85 480 1 Local Main building
19 Turning gear 3.5 480 12 Local Main building

Rate Rate Rate Rate

No.
Name Type
kW V A R/min
20 Feed water pump 3 480 12 CCR Main building
Condensate pump module in main

21 4 480 2 CCR Main building
building
22 Air compressor for start 66 480 2 CCR Main building
23 Air compressor for instrument 55 480 2 CCR Main building
24 Drier 2.2 480 4 CCR Main building

Rate Rate Rate Rate

No.
Name Type
kW V A R/min
25 Nozzle cooling module 1.1 480 12 CCR Main building
26 Demineralized water pump module 1.5 480 2 CCR Main building
Leakage oil pressurized module

27 4.5 480 1 Local Main building
(intermediate tank)
Sewage oil pressurized module

28 2.2 480 1 Local Main building
(intermediate tank)

Rate Rate Rate Rate

No.
Name Type
kW V A R/min
29 Sewage pump (in main building) 3 480 1 Local Main building
30 Sewage pump (in oil treatment room) 3 480 1 Local Oil treatment room

2.11 138kV Outdoor Equipment
2.11.1 Technical data table of 138kV SF6 circuit breaker
No. Item Unit Parameter
1 Rated Voltage 145
To earth 275
Rated Power Frequency Withstand
2
Voltage(1min)
Across break 275+40
To earth 650
Rated Lightening impulse withstand kV
3
voltage
Across break 650+100
SF6 gas power frequency withstand voltage at zero gauge

4 95
pressure (5min)
5 Rated Frequency Hz 50/60
6 Rated Current A 3150/4000
7 First-pole-to-clear Factor 1.5
8 Rated short circuit breaking current Ik kA 40
9 Rated short circuit closing current (peak) 100

10 Rated circuit breaking withstand current 40
11 Rated peak withstand current 100
12 Rated short circuit lasting time S 4
13 Rated out-of-phase breaking current kA 10
14 Short-circuit fault breaking current kA 90%Ik,75%Ik
15 Rated circuit charging making current A 31.5
16 Rated Operation Sequence O-0.3s-CO-180s-CO
17 Main Circuit Resistance μΩ ≤35
18 Rated SF6 gas pressure (gauge pressure at 20℃) 0.6
MPa
19 Alarm/min function pressure(gauge pressure at 20℃) 0.55±0.03/0.50±0.03
20 Annual SF6 gas leakage rate ≤0.5%
21 Gas moisture content (V/V) ≤150*10-6
22 Mechanical duration Times 10000
23 Electric level interference by radio μV ≤2500

Across Break 4495
24 Creepage Distance mm
To Earth 4495
25 Charged SF6 gas quality 10
kg
26 Every Breaker Quality 1700
Main Specifications of the mechanism are shown
1 Auxiliary circuit voltage V DC220 or AC220, DC110, DC48
DC110/4; DC220/2;
2 Open coil voltage V/A
AC220/5,DC48/4
DC110/4;DC220/1.3;
3 Close coil voltage V/A
AC220/5,DC48/4
Rated Voltage V DC220 or AC220, DC110, DC48
4 Energizing motor Normal work voltage range V 85%-110%
Power W 720

5 Motor power storage time S ≤20
6 Heater and lighting circuit voltage V AC220
7 Rated voltage of auxiliary switch V DC220 or AC380
8 Rated current of auxiliary switch A 10
9 Contact points of auxiliary switch (11 normal open+11 normal close)
Mechanical Adjustment Parameter of the product is shown
1 Inter-phase center distance of breaker mm 1700
Connecting rod stroke of breaker inter-phase

2 mm 110 +30
operation (chord length)
3 Switching-off speed m/s 5.5±0.5
4 Switching-on speed m/s 3.5±0.5
5 Switching-off time ms 30±5
6 Switching-on time ms 60±8

Synchronization of three-phase switching-off

7 ms ≤2
(time difference)
Synchronization of three-phase switching-on

8 ms ≤3
(time difference)
2.11.2 Technical data table of 138kV isolating switch
No Designation Unit Data
1 Rated voltage kV 145
Rated insulation level
a) 1min power frequency withstand voltage (rms)
Across the insulating distance kV 407
To earth kV 310
2
b) Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage

(peak)
Across the insulating distance kV 870
To earth kV 735
3 Rated frequency Hz 50/60
4 Rated current A 2000 3150 4000
3150 5000
5 Rated short time withstand current kA 40 50

6 Rated peak withstand current kA 100 125
Rated short-circuit duration
7 Disconnector s 3
3
Earthing switch s 3
3
Rated mechanical terminal loads
Longitudinal in horizontal N 1250

8
Cross in horizontal N 750
Vertical force N 1000
Switching bus changing current capability of the

disconnector
9 1) transfer voltage V 100
2) transfer current V 1600
3) open and close times 100
Electromagnetically induced current capability of

the earthing switch
1)Capacitive current(voltage/ current) A/kV 80/2*

10
2)Inductive current(voltage/ current) A/kV 2/6*
3)CO times times 10

11 Circuit resistance of disconnector μΩ ≤ 100 ≤ 80 ≤ 70
Mechanical endurance Operation mechanism of Main-switch CJ2, earthing-switch

12
disconnector CJ2/CS11
13 Creepage distance mm/kV ≥ 25 or ≥ 31
14 Mechanical endurance times 5000
2.11.3 Technical data table of CJ series motor operating mechanism
Item Value
Rated Voltage V AC480, DC125
Rated Power W 370
Motor Rated Rotation Speed r/min 1400
Rated Current A 0.9, 5
Starting Current A ≤ 5, ≤ 25
Control Circuit Voltage V DC125
Control Circuit Current A ≤1
Rated Output Torque N·m 560, 430

Item Value
Opening-Closing Time S 7±1, 14±1
Output Shaft Output Rotation Angle Of The Operated Mechanism 90°, 180°
Weight Of The Mechanism kg 75
Types Of Products CJ2, CJ5, CJ6, CJ9
Protection class IP4XW
3 Start/Stop Auxiliary Equipments of Unit
3.1 Operation of Transformer Cooling Device

3.1.1 When operation cooler or auxiliary cooler breaks down, a standby cooler will
automatically be put into use.
3.1.2 Cooling devices of main transformer are provided with 2 ways of power supply,
of which one way is for working, the other is alternative under normal operation. When
one way of power fails, another way will be applied automatically. Power for
transformer cooler shall be regularly switched.
3.1.3 When temperature of upper oil of main transformer is higher than 65℃, auxiliary
cooler will be put into operation automatically, when temperature drops down to 55℃,
it will stop running automatically. When oil temperature of main transformer rise to
85℃, it will give an alarm, in case of 100℃, it will give an ultra-high alarm.
3.1.4 Each set of high-voltage operation transformer is provided with two groups of
coolers, each of which has two fans.

3.1.5 Two groups of coolers of high-voltage operation transformer will be divided into
two operation levels: set control switch of one group of coolers to “Temperature 1”
position and that of the other group of coolers to “Temperature 2” position, operation
mode shall be shifted on a regular basis. The 1st group of coolers will start up when
temperature of upper oil of main transformer is at 55 ℃, and the 2nd group of coolers
will be enabled when temperature of upper oil of main transformer is up to 65 ℃.
When high-voltage operation transformer has loads beyond designated, the coolers
switched at both "Temperature 1” and "the temperature 2” position can be activated
automatically.
3.1.6 Under the condition that temperature rise of winding on high-voltage operation
transformer is at 65℃, the following two types of cooling can continuously operate
with load as follows:
For oil-immersed self-cooled (0NAN), it can continuously operate with 60% of rated
load.
For oil-immersed air-cooled (ONAF), it can continuously operate with 100% of rated
load.
3.1.7 480V PC low-voltage transformer is a kind of dry-type transformers, whose

cooling method is AN/AF, and start/stop of cooling device will be controlled by
temperature of transformer windings. When winding temperature is 80℃, fans start;
winding temperature is 70℃, fans stop; winding temperature is up to 120℃, it alarms;
winding temperature is up to 150℃, switch on high-voltage side of low-voltage
transformer trips off.
3.1.8 Use of main transformer cooling device
3.1.8.1 Check if oil level on header tank of main transformer is normal.
3.2.8.2 Install control loop AC fuses F1-F4, FC1-FC4 on main transformer cooler,
close control loop small switches 5Q, 6Q on cooler. Heating / lighting small switch QA.
Close power switches Q1-Q4 on each of group of coolers of main transformer.
3.1.8.3 Check if 2-ways of power supply for transformer coolers are normal, set small
switch SL for power monitoring of main transformer cooler to "On", remote / in situ
small switch SY to "In situ", power control switch SS to cut “Power I ON” or "Power II
ON", automatic on/off switch ST to "on” position, and lighting heating small switch SH
will be turned on/off depending on ambient temperature.
3.1.8.4 Set control switch SC1-SC4 for main transformer cooler to "ON", "Standby” or
"Auxiliary” position.
3.1.8.5 After main transformer is put into operation, check if transformer fan and oil
pump are running normally.
3.1.9 Stop main transformer cooling device
3.1.9.1 Set control switch SC1-SC4 for main transformer cooler to "Off” position.
3.1.9.2 Set small switch SY on control box of main transformer cooler to "Off", SS to
"Off", ST to "Test” and SL to "Off” position.
3.1.9.3 Open up control loop small power switches 5Q, 6Q and small power switches
Q1-Q4 on coolers. Remove control loop AC fuse F1-F4, FC1-FC4.
3.1.9.4 Disable as the case may heater on control box of main transformer cooler.
3.1.9.5 Stop coolers on high-voltage transformer, high-voltage public transformer and

start-up/standby transformer.
3.1.9.6 Put cooler in to operation
a) Close AC power master switch Q40.1 and Q40.2 on cooler.
b) Close small mains control switch Q2.1, Q2.2 on cooler, small mains control switch
Q13 on fan, temperature signal small mains switch Q22 and lighting heating small
mains switch Q12.
c) Set remote/in situ small switch on cooler to "In Situ” position.
d) Set master power control switch S30 on cooler to "power I” or "power II".

e) Close power switches Q32.1-Q32.4 on fan motors #1-#4.
f) Set start-up mode control switches S32.1, S32.2 on fan to the required positions
(Manual, Temperature 1, Temperature, 2), and then fans can be activated in mode as
set.
3.1.9.7 Stop cooler operating
a) Set start-up mode control switches S32.1, S32.2 on fan to “Off” position.
b) Set master power control switch S30 on cooler to "Off” position.
3.1.9.8 Shift fan group
a) Set start-up mode control switches S32.1 (or S32.2) on one group of fans s to
"Temperature 1” position.
b) Set start-up mode control switches S32.2 (or S32.1) on one group of fans s to
"Temperature 2” position.
3.1.9.9 Put into operation dry-type transformer cooler
3.1.9.9.1 Supply cooler with power, close AC power switch on control box.
3.1.9.9.2 Check if lamp light on temperature controller is normal and indications of all
parameters are normal.
3.1.9.9.3 Set control mode of cooler at "Auto” state.
3.1.9.10 Notes for operation of transformer cooler
3.1.9.10.1 When power of cooling device disappears completely, shall find out
reasons rapidly and try all ways to restore one way power supply as soon as possible,
meanwhile, shall be monitor closely conditions of temperature and the side-load of the
transformer, if necessary, and lower output of operation.
3.1.9.10.2 When malfunction signal is given from transformer cooling device, operator
shall find out reasons in situ immediately and address it. If cannot deal with this, shall
promptly notify the maintenance personnel to come to deal with.
3.2 Start/Stop Operation of DC System
3.2.1 Steps to operate a single charging module of charger
3.2.1.1 Check if air input switch of this charging module of charger is located at “Off”
position.
3.2.1.2 Close air input switch of this charging module of charger, power lights “on” and
display shows that output voltage and current are normal.
3.2.1.3 Check if charging module of charger operates normally.
3.2.2 Single charging module of charger exit operation steps
3.2.2.1 Open air input switch of this charging module of charger.
3.2.2.2 Check if power light of this charging module of charger is off.
3.2.2.3 Check if the display of this charging module of charger station charger
charging shows no signal.
3.2.3 Operation steps of main auxiliary DC125V charger and storage batteries (take
generator unit 125V DC as an example, same as net unit 125V DC)
3.2.3.1 Check if AC voltage for charger is normal.
3.2.3.2 Check if air input switch of each of charging module of 125V charger is set on
“Off” position.
3.2.3.3 Check if switch 1QAS1 of 125V charger is located on "OFF” position.
3.2.3.4 Close 1 mains switch 1K of charger.
3.2.3.5 Close air input switch of each of charging module of 125V charger
3.2.3.6 Check if output voltage of 125V charger is in line with DC voltage of bus
section.
3.2.3.7 Shift switches 1QAS1 of 125V charger from "OFF” to "Bus section” position.

3.2.3.8 Check if 125V charger operates correctly.
3.2.3.9 Install outlet fuse on storage battery.
3.2.3.10 Check if 125V DC bus operates normally.
3.2.3.11 Shift switches 1QAS1 of 110V charger from "Bus section” to "Normal load”
position.
3.2.3.12 Check if 125V DC load bus operates normally.
3.2.4 DC 125V charger and storage battery exit operation steps: (take generator unit
125V DC as an example, same as net unit 125V DC)
3.2.4.1 Shift switches1QAS1 of 125V charger from “Bus section “to” OFF” position.
3.2.4.2 Open switches 2KK of 125V charger
3.2.4.3 Open air input switch of each of charging module of 125V charger.
3.2.4.4 Open AC mains switch 1QF3 of 125V charger.
3.2.4.5 Remove outlet fuse from 125V storage battery.
3.3 Start/Stop Operating UPS
3.3.1 Stop operating a single UPS cabinet
3.3.1.1 Check if UPS cabinet battery switch (DC switch), bypass power switch, 480V
AC power switch (rectifier switch), output switch (output switch) are in “off” position.
3.3.1.2 UPS 480V AC main power I (II) and the bypass power shall be sourced from
480V MCC section, UPS125V DC power supply shall be supplied from 125V unit DC
system.
3.3.1.3 Close 480V main power I (II) switch from 480V MCC section.
3.3.1.4 Close bypass power switch on UPS cabinet
3.3.1.5 Check if lamps “CHARGER”, “INVERTER”“INV” turn on, check if green lamps

“BYPASS”, turn on.
3.3.1.6 Close DC power switch (DC switch) on UPS cabinet, red lamp "BATTERY”
turns off, "ALARM” turns off.
3.3.1.7 Close UPS power output switch (output switch), check if UPS is working
correctly.
3.3.1.8 Close each of loading switches on UPS feeder cabinet, and check if UPS
voltage, current and frequency shown on UPS are normal.
3.3.2 Shift operation of UPS cabinet from main power to bypass power
3.3.2.1 Check if main power and bypass power of UPS device are shown normal
("CHARGER", "BYPASS” power lights turn on).
3.3.2.2 Press continuously buttons "B / P, INV” on panel of UPS cabinet twice, check if
UPS cabinet is operating normally after shifting from main power to bypass power
(lamp "INV” off, lamp "B / P” on).
3.3.3 Shift operation of UPS cabinet from bypass power to main power.
3.3.3.2 Check if synchronizing lamp "SYNC” and inverter lamp "INVERTER” of UPS
device turns on.
3.3.3.3 Press continuously buttons "B / P, INV” on panel of UPS cabinet twice, check if
UPS cabinet is operating normally after shifting from bypass power to main power
(lamp "INV” on, lamp "B / P” off).
3.3.4 Shift operation of UPS cabinet from main power to maintenance bypass power.
3.3.4.2 Check if synchronizing lamp "SYNC” of UPS device turns on.

3.3.4.3 Press continuously buttons "B / P, INV” on panel of UPS cabinet twice, check
if UPS cabinet is operating normally after shifting from main power to bypass power
3.3.4.4 Set maintenance bypass switch of UPS cabinet to "ON” position.
3.3.4.5 Turn off UPS output switch (OUTPUT CB).
3.3.4.6 Check if all loads are operating normally.
3.3.4.7 Press continuously buttons "Start / Stop” on panel of UPS cabinet twice, check
if UPS cabinet is operating normally.
3.3.4.8 Turn off DC power switch of storage battery of UPS cabinet (BATTERY CB).
3.3.4.9 Turn off bypass switch of UPS cabinet (ST.SW C.B).
3.3.4.10 Turn off main power input switch of UPS cabinet (CHARGER CB).
3.3.5 Shift operation of UPS cabinet from maintenance bypass power to main power.
3.3.5.1 Close bypass switch of UPS cabinet (ST.SW C.B).
3.3.5.2 Check if green lamp "BYPASS” turns on.
3.3.5.3 Close UPS output switch (OUTPUT CB).
3.3.5.4 Set maintenance bypass switch of UPS cabinet to "OFF” position.
3.3.5.5 Close main power input switch of UPS cabinet (CHARGER CB).
3.3.5.6 Check if lamps “CHARGER”, “INVERTER”“INV” turn on.
3.3.5.7 Check if main power and bypass power synchronizing lamp "SYNC” of UPS
cabinet turns on.
3.3.5.8 Press continuously buttons "B/P, INV” on panel of UPS cabinet twice to switch
from bypass power to main power.
3.3.5.9 Close DC power switch of UPS cabinet battery (BATTERY CB)
3.3.5.10 Check if all loads are operating normally.
3.3.6 Parallel operation of UPS

3.3.6.1 Check if battery switch UPS cabinet to be carried out parallel operation,
bypass power switch, 480V AC power switch, output switches are in “OFF” position.
Check if maintenance bypass switch is in “OFF” position.
3.3.6.2 AC power supply for UPS cabinet to be carried out parallel operation shall be
sourced from 480V MCC section, and power supply for UPS to be carried out parallel
operation shall be supplied from 125V DC system.
3.3.6.3 Close 480V AC main power switch of UPS cabinet to be carried out parallel
operation.
3.3.6.4 Check if UPS bypass power cabinet has been supplied electrified, and close
bypass power switch of UPS cabinet to be carried out parallel operation.
3.3.6.5 Check if lamps "CHARGER", "INVERTER” "INV” turn on. Check if lamp
"BYPASS” on.
3.3.6.6 Check if main power and bypass power synchronizing lamp "SYNC” of UPS
cabinet turns on.
3.3.6.7 Close DC power switch, alarm red light "BATTERY” off, and red lamp "ALARM”
off.
3.3.6.8 Measure and check if voltage difference, between output voltage of cabinet to
be carried out parallel operation and output voltage of cabinet being carried out
parallel operation, is less than 4V, then close output switch of cabinet to be carried out
parallel operation.
3.3.7 Supply power for UPS bypass cabinet
3.3.7.1 Check if both input and output switches of UPS bypass cabinet are set at “OFF”
position, bypass switch of automatic voltage regulator is in the middle position, and
small switch of voltage regulating mode (automatic transfer) in the automatic (on)
position.
3.3.7.2 Check if 480V AC power has been supplied to UPS bypass cabinet
3.3.7.3 Install fuse to control loop of UPS bypass automatic voltage regulator.
3.3.7.4 Close bypass switch of UPS automatic voltage regulator to the "run” position
(up).
3.3.7.5 Close power input switch of UPS bypass cabinet.
3.3.7.6 Check if input/output voltmeter of UPS bypass cabinet indicates normally.
3.3.7.7 Close power input switch of UPS bypass cabinet.
3.3.7.8 Check if green lamp "BYPASS” on UPS cabinet turns on.
3.3.8 Notes for UPS operation
3.3.8.1 Shall check if fan runs normally before put inverter into use.
3.3.8.2 Maintenance bypass switch can be used only if UPS stops operation for
repairing.
3.3.8.3 It is strictly prohibited to press button “start/stop” on UPS panel when UPS
device is running, or may result in serious consequences of outage.
3.3.8.4 During double-cabinet parallel operation, it is important to check if two

inverters are synchronized with bypass, and output switch of cabinets to be carried
out parallel operation shall be closed only if output voltage difference between ≤ 4V.
3.3.8.5 Before main circuit and bypass shift each other, shall check if both of 2
inverters are synchronized with bypass.
3.3.8.6 It is strictly prohibited to press "STOP BUTTON” on bypass cabinet when UPS
device is running.
3.3.8.7 When UPS device is supplied power and start operation, storage battery
switch shall be closed only after turn on main loop power and output green lamps
"INVERTER", "INV” of charger & inverter turn on.
3.4 Start/Stop Diesel Generator

3.4.1. Pre start checks
3.4.1.1 Disable all forms of starting.
3.4.1.2 Check the engine lubricating oil and coolant levels, top up as necessary. Do
not remove the coolant filler cap while the engine is hot.
3.4.1.3 Check the fuel level, fill/top up as necessary. Always wear protective clothes
and hand protection, do not smoke or have any source of ignition nearby
3.4.1.4 Check the tension and the condition of all drive belts. Re-tension or replace as
necessary.
3.4.1.5 Check all hoses for leaks, deterioration or loose connections. Replace or
tighten connections as necessary.
3.4.1.6 Check all battery terminals for corrosion and loose/bad connections, clean and
retighten as necessary. Do not smoke or have any source of ignition nearby.
3.4.1.7 Check the battery electrolyte level, and top up with de-ionized water as
necessary. Do not smoke or have any source of ignition nearby.
3.4.1.8 Check the air filter restriction indicator (if fitted) and replace the air filter if
necessary.
3.4.1.9 Make sure that all cooling airways are unobstructed.
3.4.1.10 Remove any unnecessary unsecured items from the generator and its vicinity,
and clean up any dirt or dust that may have accumulated on any part of the generator.
3.4.1.11 Check for fuel, coolant and lubricating oil leaks. Repair as necessary and
clean up any spillage.
3.4.1.12 Make sure that the alternator output circuit breaker is in the off position.
3.4.2 Start/stop mode of diesel generator
Diesel generator can start/stop automatically or manually, manually start/stop can be

fulfilled in both DCS and in situ control panel. In automatic or DCS start/stop mode,
start/stop mode of diesel generator shall be set at “auto” position, and control mode
switch of outlet switches on diesel generators shall be shifted to open position. Only
under in situ start/stop mode, start/stop mode of diesel generator can be set to
"Manual” position. When start/stop mode of diesel generator is set at "run” position,
start/stop tests may be carried out through "Simulated Voltage Loss” switch.
3.4.2.1 Steps for DCS manual start/stop mode of diesel generator:
3.4.2.1.1 Check if start/stop mode of diesel generator has been set at "auto” position,
if water heater is operating, stops water heater.
3.4.2.1.2 Check if control power fuse has been installed inside diesel generator
control cabinet, if 24V battery voltage performs normally, and if indicator lamp shows
properly.
3.4.2.1.3 Starting instructions can be issued by DCS or press emergency start button
in control room. After control system received start signal, diesel generator can start
normally within 10 seconds. After voltage and frequency of diesel generator rise up to
rated values, it will automatically close outlet switches of diesel generators and send
operation signal to DCS. If unit fails to start three times, it will send failure start signal
to DCS.
3.4.2.1.4 Start-up time of diesel generator shall be within 10 seconds, the time from
starting to full loading shall be less than 30 seconds, if manual start-up failed, and the
next start-up shall be after an interval of 30 seconds or more.
3.4.2.1.5 Under normal circumstances, diesel generator must be stops only after
operating power of 480V PC bus has been restored. DCS shall send command to stop
the diesel generator, diesel generator then will shut down by sequence.
3.4.2.2 Steps of in site start/stop manual mode of diesel generator:
3.4.2.2.1 Set start/stop mode of diesel generator to "manual” position, check if outlet
switch of diesel generator has been set at open position. When water heater is
operating, stops water heater.
3.4.2.2.2 Start the engine. Turn the control switch to the “run” position. The engine will
automatically crank over until either the engine starts or if the engine has not started
after 3 attempts, in which case the control panel will indicate “Fail to Start” and lock
the control system. If this happens, do not proceed further, investigate and rectify the
cause of the failure to start. Check the control panel for signs of faulty operation. Oil
pressure should be normal within about 10 seconds, and coolant temperature should
be normal and stable after about 10-15 minutes.
3.4.2.2.3 Check if output voltage & frequency of diesel generator are normal.
3.4.2.2.4 Check if outlet switch of diesel generator can be closed automatically and
normally.
3.4.2.2.5 Press button "stop” on control panel of diesel generator and check if diesel
generator stops by sequence normally.
3.4.2.2.6 Set start/stop mode of diesel generator to “AUTO“ position and put water
heater into operation.
3.4.2.3 If need to stop diesel generator emergently, press emergency shutdown

button on control cabinet of diesel generator. Diesel generator will shut down.
3.4.2.4 Switch diesel generator automatically in auto mode
3.4.2.4.1 Set starting mode on control panel diesel generator to “AUTO” position.
3.4.2.4.2 When any of 480V PC loss power, 480V ATS will send diesel generators a
starting signal. After control system received the signal, diesel generator will start
normally within 10 seconds. After output voltage & frequency of diesel generator rise
up to rated values, shifted manual to security section, 480V PC will restore power
supply.
3.4.3 No-load test of diesel generator unit
3.4.3.1 Check if start-up mode of diesel generator is set at “AUTO” position and stop
water heater running.
3.4.3.2 Press staring button in DCS to start diesel generator, check if diesel
generators operate normally, and if voltage and frequency rise up to rated values.
3.4.3.3 Check if outlet switch of diesel generators is closed normally.
3.4.3.4 Check if diesel generating operates normally.
3.4.3.5 Half an hour later, press stop button in DCS to stop the diesel generator; check
if diesel generator stops by sequence normally.
3.4.3.6 Put water heater into operation.
3.5 Operation of 13.8kV System Grounding
3.5.1 Grounding operation of 13.8kV busbar
3.5.1.1 Disconnect all load switches on bus and pull switch up to test position.
3.5.1.2 Disconnect inlet switch of standby power and pull switch up to test position.
3.5.1.3 Check if incoming breaker and generator breaker on 13.8kV busbar has been
pull up to test position.
3.5.1.4 Disconnect PT isolator on 13.8kV busbar.
3.5.1.5 Verify that there is no voltage on 13.8kV busbar.
3.5.1.6 Furnish a group of grounding wire on 13.8kV busbar.
3.5.2 State of 13.8kV auxiliary transformer breaker
3.5.2.1Running state
Trolley switch is located at the "close” position, switch is in closed state, the secondary
connection plug-in is at link position, DC power switch (for switch protection) is closed,
small switch of watt-hour meter, small power switch of transducer, and small power
switch for switch cabinet heating lighting are all closed.
3.5.2.2 Hot standby state

Only difference from running state is that it is in the "open” state.
3.5.2.3 Test state
Trolley switch is located at the "Test” position, the secondary connection plug-in is at
link position, DC power switch (for switch protection) is closed, and grounding
disconnecting link is disconnected.
3.5.2.4 Power cut state
Trolley switch is located at the "Test” position, the secondary connection plug-in is at
link position, DC power switch (for switch protection) is closed, small switch of
watt-hour meter, small power switch of transducer and small power switch for heating
lighting are all closed, and grounding disconnecting link is disconnected.
3.5.3 Auxiliary 480V PC switch state
3.5.3.1 Running state
Switch is located at "close” position, small switch for control circuit is closed. Switch is
in “Closed” state.
Only difference from running state is that it is in the "open” state.
3.5.3.3 Test state
Switch is located at "Test” position, small power switch is closed.
3.5.3.4 Draw out state
Switch is located at "Draw out” position, small power switch is disconnected.
3.5.4 Auxiliary 480V MCC drawer switch state
3.5.4.1 Running state
Drawer switch is located at "Running” position, switch is in “Closed” state, contactor is

in "Closed” state.

Only difference from running state is that it is in the "off” state.
3.5.4.3 Test state
Switch is located at "off” state, drawer switch is at "test” position.
3.5.4.4 Draw out state
Drawer switch is located at "Draw out” position, contactor is in "off” state, switch is in
the "off” state.
3.5.5 Operating principles of auxiliary distribution device
3.5.5.1 In main auxiliary, shift between working power supply and backup power for
480V bus after checking “Closed” state in the same period.
3.5.5.2 Bus power shifting between low-voltage auxiliary transformers which back up
each other shall be conducted bus short-time combined-ring mode.
3.5.5.3 Before closing disconnecting link, must ensure switch has been set at “Off”
position. After closing disconnecting link, check if disconnecting link is in proper
position.
3.5.5.4 During supplying power for auxiliary bus, all switches or disconnecting link of
outgoing line loop shall be disconnected. Fit with fuse of primary loop of voltage
transformer, push trolley of voltage transformer into operating position, close small
switch of secondary loop. After auxiliary bus has been supplied power, make sure
three-phase voltage is normal before supplying power to each of power supply circuit.
3.5.5.5 Before power cut of auxiliary bus, shall disconnect each of power supply circuit.
After disconnect incoming switch, check three-phase voltmeter without signal, open
DC/AC small switch of second loop, and then pull voltage transformer trolley to the
test position, remove fuse from primary loop.
3.5.5.6 When supplying power to low-voltage transformers, shall close high-voltage

side switches prior to low-voltage side ones, when power cutting, by reverse
sequence. It is not allowable to charge low auxiliary transformer on low-voltage side.
3.5.5.7 As capacity of start-up/standby transformer is designed based on auxiliary

loading of one set of unit, it shall monitor the loading status of start-up/standby
transformer when another set of unit is starting so as to prevent overload operation of
start-up/standby transformer.
3.5.5.8 During power cutting of auxiliary transformer, ATS device of 480V PC I II bus
shall operate and standby transformer shall supply power to PC section. After
auxiliary transformer has restored power supply, then manual operate ATS put the
auxiliary service.
3.6 138kV System Operation
3.6.1 Normal operating mode
3.6.1.1 Under normal circumstances, this system must operate according to standard
operating mode approved by DCS.
3.6.1.2 Any change on operating mode of 138kV system must be submitted by

foreman for approval of DCS before implementation.
3.6.1.3 Any special operating mode must be made a draft measures, approved by the
Chief Engineer and reported to General Dispatch Officer. Maintenance can be carried
out only after getting instructions from General Dispatch Officer. After maintenance,
maintainer shall give a detailed explanation with a clear conclusion to operators.
Operators shall carry out necessary check and test before formal operation.
3.6.1.4 When need to change operation mode of system, it needs to fill in a switching
operation sheet as per provisions on switching operation.
3.6.1.5 Ground directly at high-voltage side neutral point of main transformer.
3.6.1.6 All concerned operators must have a preconception of accident and there shall
be processing methods just in case of any stability damage.

3.6.1.7 Make sure that there is none of thunder, rain, fog or wind in the areas along
lines at that time, keep an eye on weather changes, contact with Dispatch Officer
timely and scheduling and strengthen inspection on factory equipments.
3.6.1.8 Dispatch Officer can decide to disable the circuit reclosing which exceed
transient stability operation limit to avoid as could as possible major operation.
3.6.1.9 General provisions on protection of 138kV and operation of secondary circuit:
3.6.1.9.1 There shall be correct names of equipments on both front and rear of relay
protection screen. All of protective relay, press plates, test switches, fuses etc. on
screen shall be marked correctly. Any start/stop operation of equipments shall be
subject to approval of Chief Engineer and Dispatch Officer.
3.6.1.9.2 Before the protection of circuit plate, operator must check if signal indicates
properly, and shall adopt method using high-resistance millimeters to measure
terminal voltage with one end contacted with ground to verify that protection devices
tripping or reclosing pulse.
3.6.1.9.3 For operating and standby equipments, their protective and automatic
device shall be put into operation; any equipment without protection must not be put
into operation. Under emergency situations, some protection may be stop operation;
however, two main protections shall not be disabled at the same time.
3.6.1.9.4 When primary equipment powers off and protection device & secondary
circuit is not operating, protection device may not be disabled, but outlet press plate of
other operating switches shall be released.
3.6.1.9.5 Protection devices shall be put into operation by the following order: DC
power goes first, outlet press latter; Disabling protection shall be in the other way
round.
3.6.1.9.6 To disable microprocessor-based protection, it just needs to disconnect

outlet press plate, not to disable DC power supply.

3.6.1.9.7 Under normal circumstances, relay protection and automatic device shall be
put into operation or disabled with specified press plate and switch, and shall not be
carried out by the method using disconnected secondary line joint plus temporary line.
3.6.1.9.8 After maintenance of relay protection and automatic device, there must be
clear written explanations and conclusions. If there is any change on setting value, the
operator shall explicitly clarify this to ensure that records are in line with actual setting
value of equipments. No equipment without conclusion can be allowed to put into
operation.
3.6.1.9.9 During power cutting for maintenance, the protective press plate which may
impact on the equipment shall be disconnected before hand. These press plates shall
be disable before equipment is put in to operation or standby,.
3.6.1.9.10 It is prohibited to do any vibration work on the operating protection panel

and automatic device panel. Under special circumstances, we must make proper
safety measures or disable related protection. Do not use any walkie-talkies, mobile
phones and other communications equipments where electronic equipments are
under protection.
3.6.2 Operating principles of power supplying of 138kV circuit
3.6.2.1 Check if all work orders have been completed, maintainer shall advise
required conditions for power supplying.
3.6.2.2 Make sure that there is no grounding, short-circuited line between gaps of
circuit being supplied power, make sure to remove all of security measures and meet
conditions of power supplying.
3.6.2.3 Make sure that all parts of switch and disconnecting link of circuit being
supplied power are in good conditions and meet conditions of power supplying.
3.6.2.4 According to Dispatch Officer’s instruction, put relay protection and automatic
devices of circuit being supplied power into operation.

3.6.2.5 Put control switch, signal fuse and circuit signal fuse of circuit being supplied
power into operation.
3.6.2.6 According to Dispatch Officer’s instruction and operating principles of power

supplying, make sure that switch is indeed at OFF position, close bus side
disconnecting link, and then close circuit side disconnecting link.
3.6.2.7 According to Dispatch Officer’s instruction, after regular check, connect circuit
bus side switch.
3.6.2.8 Inspect meters of circuit being supplied power, make sure all indications of
current, voltage, active/reactive power are normal.
3.6.2.9 Check if meter of switch on bus side of circuit being supplied power indicates
normally.
3.6.2.10 According to Dispatch Officer’s instruction, after the same period, makes sure
to connect intermediate contact switch.
3.6.2.11 Check if meter of intermediate contact switch of circuit being supplied power
indicates normally.
3.6.2.12 Check if the two switched of circuit being supplied power are well closed.
3.6.2.13 According to Dispatch Officer’s instruction, make circuit reclosed.
3.6.3 Operating principles of power cutting of 138kV circuit
3.6.3.1 Exit circuit reclosing.
3.6.3.2 Open 138kV circuit breaker by correct order.
3.6.3.3 Check if meter of switch disconnected indicates back to zero.
3.6.3.4 Check if all indications of current, voltage, active/reactive power return to zero.
3.6.3.5 According to operating principles of power cutting, open both isolator of circuit
breaker.
3.6.3.6 Disconnect control and signal fuse of circuit breaker.

3.6.3.7 According to Dispatch Officer’s instruction, exits relay protection and

automatic devices of circuit breaker.
3.6.3.8 According to Dispatch Officer’s instruction and work order, detect electricity
and arrange safety measures.
4 Start/stop of Generator
4.1 GCB Operation of Generator before Parallel Operation

4.1.1 Check if isolator of transformer HV side is at “OFF” position. Close outlet PT
secondary switch of main transformer.
4.1.2 Check if outlet PT primary fuse of generator is well pressed, push outlet PT
trolley of generator to operation position.
4.1.3 Close outlet PT secondary fast small switch of generator.
4.1.4 Close isolator of grounding transformer of generator neutral point and check if
tap is located correctly.
4.1.5 Check Voltage transformer to start excitation, air blower of AVR cabinet and
AC/DC control power supply of excitation cubicle.
4.1.6 Set control method of regulator to "AUTO” mode.
4.1.7 Check state of excitation regulator on CCR screen is consistent with that on in
situ control panel.
4.1.8 Make sure to withdraw protection of diesel engine tripping generator.
4.1.9 Check if protection of generator has been put into correct operation.
4.2 Parallel Load-carrying of Generator
4.2.1 Electrical conditions required:
4.2.1.1 Generator sounds normal with a vibration of not more than 0.025mm.
4.2.1.2 Generator cooling system is running normally.
4.2.1.3 Confirm that operating mechanism power-storing and SF6 pressure of outlet
circuit breaker of generator exports shall be qualified.
4.2.1.4 All protection of generator has been put into proper operation.
4.2.1.5 Under normal conditions, switch fuse in each of cabinet of excitation system
need not to be put into operation.
4.2.2 Generator adopts automatic running excitation, automatic regulator step-up and
automatic semi-synchronization paralleling with system
4.2.2.1 Make sure that regulator is running in "Auto” mode.
4.2.2.2 Click icon of generator outlet switch in DCS, pop-up switch selecting operation
panel.
4.2.2.3 On switch selecting operation panel, click button "Startup & Synchronization",
pop-up operation panel of generator Synchronization.
4.2.2.4 Click button “switch” on operation panel of generator synchronization.
4.2.2.5 Click g button “AUTO” on operation panel of generator synchronization.
4.2.2.6 Check if de-excitation of generator switch is well closed.
4.2.2.7 Check if excitation starting of generator is normal.
4.2.2.8 Check if no-load parameters of generator are correct.
4.2.2.9 Check if outlet switch of generator is well closed, carrying with 5% rated load,
click button "Power Input” on DCS device, and put power circuit into operation.
4.2.2.10 Check if three-phase current of generator stator shows.
4.2.2.11 Check if back-up channel of regulator tracks normally.
4.2.2.12 Put "Unit Trip Power” and "Power Trip Unit” protection into operations.
4.3 Notes in the Process of Generator Startup

4.3.1 After diesel engine turning, observe whether there is unusual noise at generator
bearing.
4.3.2 When unit speed increasing, it needs to observe vibration of bearing and pay
attention to temperature of bearing, especially to vibration situation when generator
passing through critical speed and rotating speed rising up to rated speed.
4.3.3 Monitor continuously temperature of stator winding as well as power factor.
4.3.4 Make sure that cooling system of generator is running properly before the
generator step-up. After generator step-up, shall check if no-load parameters of
generator show normally, stator current shall be close to zero value with three-phase
balanced.
4.3.5 Notes for synchronization of generator:
4.3.5.1 During synchronization, shift foreman is in charge of monitoring and main shift
worker carry out operation;
4.3.5.2 No other synchronization circuit operation is allowed;
4.3.5.3 After maintained primary or synchronization circuit and synchronizing device, it

is prohibited to synchronize generator with system without checking phase sequence
and carrying out false synchronization test.
4.3.6 If generator needs to add load, it needs to adjust reactive power of generator.
Pay attention to various operating parameters and temperature changes of various
parts of generator.
4.3.7 After generator synchronization, shall monitor temperature of main transition

and check operation of cooler timely. If it fails to be put into operation automatically,
then put it into operation manually and find out the reasons.
4.3.8 After generators with full load, it needs to carry out a detailed inspection on
primary and secondary system of generator.

4.4 Generator Trip and Outage
4.4.1 Generator use automatic excitation methods to realize trip and outage from
system.
4.4.1.1 Make sure that regulator is running in "AUTO” mode.
4.4.1.2 Click icon of generator outlet switch in DCS, pop-up switch selecting operation
panel.
4.4.1.3 On switch selecting operation panel, click button "Outage & Trip", pop-up
operation panel of generator trip.
4.4.1.4 Click buttons “Stop diesel later”, "AUTO” on operation panel of generator trip,
select trip method.
4.4.1.5 Check if generator active power load decrease to zero.
4.4.1.6 Check if outlet switch of generator is normally closed,
4.4.1.7 Check if three-phase current of generator stator shows.
4.4.1.8 Check if excitation reduction of regulator is normal.
4.4.1.9 Check if excitation switch is disconnected normally.
4.5 Operation after Unit Outage
4.5.1 Check if outlet switch of generator is at “OFF” position.
4.5.2 Pull out outlet breaker trolley of generator.
4.5.3 Check if de-excitation switch of generator is disconnected.
4.5.4 Disconnect AC/DC power control small switch of excitation regulator, fan power
switch of power cabinet and heating & lighting small switch.
4.5.5 Disconnect grounding transformer disconnecting link on generator neutral point.

5 Maintenance and Operation Mode during Unit Operation
5.1 Inspection during Normal Operation of Generator

5.1.1 Operating parameters of generator shall be kept normal;
5.1.2 Keep generator body be clean, without any of foreign body;
5.1.3 There shall be none of unexpected noise, abnormal vibration or unpleasant

smell on all parts of generator body.
5.2 Monitoring and Inspection of Transformer Normal

Operation
During normal operation, operator shall inspect regularly main transformer, auxiliary
transformer, standby transformer, other dry-type transformer. In the event of overload,
defective equipment, after repairing or overhaul and in the severe weather, it is
necessary to increase inspection times.
5.2.1 Inspection items of oil-immersed transformers
a) Color of oil inside header tank and oil-filled bushing shall look transparent; oil level
shall be kept at a normal level;
b) Oil-filled parts shall be free from oil leakage or oil permeability;
c) Bush shall be clean, without damage and electric discharge;
d) No overheating on joints of each part;
e) Normal noise, nor significant change or unexpected sounds;
f) Normal temperature, grounding wire of enclosure keep in a good condition;
g) Gas relay shall be full of oil, with no gas released, outgoing line intact, valve
unlocked;

h) Monitoring device of transformer insulation shows normally and there is no alarm

signal shown on panel;
i) Water absorber in breathing apparatus shall not be up to saturation state;
j) There shall be no overheating on each of parts inside control box of cooling device
and all handles shall be so located as to meet operating requirements;
k) Oil pumps and fan shall run properly; oil flow display on main transformer cooler
shall indicate normal;
l) Check if OLTC device of start-up/standby transformer works normally, and if the

location of tapping switches is in line with instruction in room DCS;
m) Ensure adequate lighting around the transformer, fire protection equipments

remain in good condition.
5.2.2 It is necessary to carry out special check of transformer under the following
circumstances:
a) After short-circuit occurring on system or transformer tripping due to failure, check

whether or not there is any of burst, displacement, deformation, burning, flashover
and oil spout etc.;
b) Avoid lead from swing in windy weather and it is not allowed to hang something on
lead;
c) Make sure that there is no electric discharge or flashover on porcelain bushing in

thunderstorm weather, and check operation of discharge recorder of arrester;
d) Make sure that there is no electric discharge or flashover on porcelain bushing in

heavy fog weather;
e) Oil level and oil temperature in transformer shall be normal at a sudden cold or
sudden heat condition and expansion joints shall not turn color overheat;
f) When transformer overloading, make sure that cooling system perform normally, put
standby cooler into operation;
g) Within 72h new equipment or repaired/rebuilt transformer being put into operation;
h) When there are serious flaws in the transformer;
i) Booster station and switch field shall be carried out a light-out inspection weekly;
j) During high-temperature season and peak load.
5.2.3 Heavy gas shall be replaced from "Tripping” to "Signal” position, when gas
protection of running transformer is carrying out the following work:
a) Oiling and oil filtering for transformer;
b) Smoothing or replacement of silica gel for respirator of transformer;
c) When open vent and outlet/inlet oil valves at any place, with the exception of
collecting oil sample and releasing gas via upper gas valve of gas relay;
d) Open/close valve on connecting tube of gas relay;
e) During operation on gas protection and its secondary circuit;
f) When needs to open outlet gas/oil valve due to unusual increase of oil surface in oil
level indicator or respiratory system anomalies.
5.2.4 In the same ambient temperature and the same load conditions, there shall be
no significant difference between current oil temperature of transformer and previous
recorded values.
5.2.5 Under normal circumstances, oil level of transformer varies with temperature
change. There shall be no significant difference of transformer oil level, So long as oil
temperature remains the same.
5.2.6 Inspection items for dry-type transformer
a) Make sure coil temperature is normal and temperature control device has its
surface clean and indicates correctly;
b) There shall be no unexpected noise, unpleasant sell, discoloration or abnormal

vibration on transformer, and shall be no overheat or discoloration on wiring;
c) Transformer shall be well-ventilated, fan shall be operated normally; indoor cooling

facilities shall run well in summer;
d) Transformer body shall be clean and free from fouling, without dew and other
endangering miscellaneous items around.
5.2.7 Operation mechanism of no-load tapping switch of transformer shall be well

closed and check if tap position is consistent with original record.
5.2.8 After overhaul and during operation, transformer must be conducted oil
chromatographic analysis.
5.2.9 Special inspection
a) In the case of strong winds, make sure that upper lead on transformer shall not
swing violently and get loose and there are no sundries on cover and surrounding;
b) On heavy snowy days, it can determine if there is overheating to observe whether

the snow fallen on bushing and lead terminal can be melt immediately. There shall be
no flashover icicle caused on porcelain insulator;
c) On heavy foggy days, there shall no discharge, no cracking or burning mark on

bushing;
d) When weather become cold or hot dramatically, inspect changes on oil temperature
and oil level and operation of cooling device, check if there freezing or overheating.
5.3 Inspection during Operation of DC System
5.3.1 During normal operation, make sure that voltage of 125V DC bus shall be within
115~135V.
5.3.2 When signal "DC bus insulation is too low” appears due to insulation reduction, it
is required to find out the related reasons.
5.3.3 When voltage of DC bus appears too high or too low, it needs to find out the
reasons and inform maintainer to address. If necessary, switch the load from failed
bus to another bus and stop the faulty equipment.
5.3.4 Operator on duty shall carry out a complete check on DC system per shift.
5.3.5 Inspection item:
1) Check if voltage DC bus is within the normal range, accumulator jar is intact,
voltage of battery cell is normal, press line remains in order, and room temperature
meets the requirements (15℃ ~ 25℃);
2) Check if wiring of charger and bus has a good contact, without loosening or
overheating. Make sure that fuse is intact, setting values meets requirements, and
charger output current normally;
3) The actual location of each of switch on DC panel shall be in line with the operating
mode;
4) All meters indicate properly and there is no unexpected noise or discharge on

device.
5.4 Maintenance of Electric Motor during Operation
5.4.1 After electric motor has been repaired, maintainer shall clear procedures of work
order and advise status and insulation resistance value of equipment to operators.
5.4.2 Inspection items on electric motor before startup
a) Make sure that work orders have been closed and in situ workers have been
evacuated, clean up around motor and there is no sundries interfering operation;
b) Check if power cutting protection and interlocking apparatus have been put
correctly into operation;
c) Check if devices provided with electric motor meet startup requirements and
without any inversion;
d) Bearing has a normal oil level, oil looks transparent without impurities, no oil

leakage, and no defect on oil cap. If needs to take compulsive recycling oil lubrication,
oil system shall be put into operation first;
e) Check if commutator brush on DC motor has a good contact, smooth surface and
proper spring pressure;
f) Foot-screws, grounding wire and coupling, protective cover and junction box on
electric motor shall be fixed firmly;
g) Manual jigger shall be free from sticking, and stator/rotor shall be without friction
noise;
h) Make sure that electrical equipments and thermal instruments built in electric motor
shall be kept in a good condition and have been put into proper operation.
5.4.3 Notes for motor startup
a) Allowed startup times of squirrel-cage motor in the cold and hot state shall be
provided by manufacturer. If no such as provisions by manufacturer, it may depend on
mechanical properties being driven and start-up conditions. Under normal
circumstances, electric motor can be allowed to started up twice in the cold state with
a interval of not less than five minutes, once in the hot state, and can be activated
once more only if when dealing with accident and start-up time shall be no more than
2~3 seconds. Electric motor provide by Shanghai Electric Motor Factory can be
restarted 4 hours after two consecutive starts in the cold state, and can be restarted 4
hours after one consecutive starts in the hot state.
During dynamic balance test, the startup interval shall be:
- For motor < 200 KW, it shall not be less than 0.5 hours;
- For motor = 200 ~ 500 KW, it shall not be less than 1 hour;
- For motor >=500 KW, it shall not less than 2 hours.
Cold and hot state of motor shall be defined as below:
- Cold state: temperature of motor itself shall be 60℃ or below;

- Hot state: temperature of motor itself shall be 60℃ or above.
b) When starting motor, shall motoring closely change of starting current, if current
does not return startup, or ammeter does not move after closing switch, and motor
fails to run, shall exit startup immediately and restart only after identifying reasons.
5.4.4 Inspection of motor during operation
a) Check if ammeter indicates stably and not more than rating, otherwise any
increased value shall be reported to Chief Foreman and take measures as per Chief
Foreman’s instructions; once current reaches full rating suddenly, shall stop
equipment immediately;
b) Motor sounds normal, without vibration and displacement not exceed the specified
value, indicator lamp looks normal;
c) Temperature of each part of motor does not exceed the specified value, and there is
no smoke, burning smell, overheating and so on;
d) Motor shell and grounding wire of starter shell are in good conditions, foot-screws
do not get loose. Oil level of bearing is normal without oil spout or oil spill. Oil looks
transparent and without impurity, oil ring rotates smoothly, end/top covers seal well;
e) Motor is well ventilated without any blocking, valves of cooling water and air chutes
are located in place, it’s clean and without sundries around motor.
5.4.5 Normal maintenance of motor
a) During running, electric motor, whose bearing is lubricated with oil ring, shall be
applied oil according to oil level readings, rolling bearings shall also be refilled with oil
in general, when necessary, some lubricants with the same oil quality shall be applied
with oil ejector (oil gun).
b) Bearing lubricants shall be in general replaced at least once a year. Before

replacement, the bearings shall be thoroughly washed.

5.5 Inspection and Maintenance of UPS
5.5.1 Operators shall check UPS device per shift to make sure that there is no
unexpected noise, foreign odor and overheating on each of parts in cabinet. All of
indicator lamps and measuring meters shall indicates correctly, all of cooling fan shall
run normally, and room temperature shall remain within the allowable range.
5.5.2 Check if bypass output voltage, inverter output voltage, and voltage/ current/
frequency of load appear normal.
5.5.3 Make sure that each of switch inside UPS cabinet is located in place.
5.5.4 No abnormal alarm signal is shown on device, indictor lamps on panel shall
indicate corresponding to actual operating mode.
5.5.5 Isolation / regulating transformer shall operate normally.
5.6 Inspection, Operation and Maintenance of Security

Power Supply and Emergency Diesel Engine
5.6.1 Check if indicator lamp and start/stop mode on control cabinet of diesel engine
operate properly.
5.6.2 Check if oil levels of lubricating oil of diesel, fuel and coolant read correct.
5.6.3 Check if auxiliary AC power to supply power normally, storage battery can be
automatically charged properly.
5.6.4 Make sure that unit body shall be clean, oil/water heater automatic start/stop
normally, and control mode of power switch of security segment and each of security
MCC segment shall be correct.
5.6.5 During diesel engine running, make sure that there is no leakage and leather
belt of charger shall be without any damage or abnormal smell.
5.6.6 All meters shall indicates correctly, pressure and temperature of lubricating oil
look normal, and intake resistance of air filter reads proper.
5.6.7 During running, check if frequency and voltage of unit read proper, three-phase
current is balanced and storage battery can be well charged automatically.
5.6.8 In humid environment, diesel generator shall be started more times, if

appropriately.
5.7 Operation Mode of Transformer
5.7.1 During transformer operating, so long as the voltage ranges within rating value
of ±5%, its rated capacity shall remain unchanged. The maximum operating voltage
shall not exceed 105% of rating of each of tap.
5.7.2 Main transformer is a kind of three-phase, outdoor, oil-immersed power

transformers; with a rated voltage of 147.5(+1×2.5%;-3×2.5%)/13.8KV. Cooling mode
of main transformer is ODAF.
5.7.3 High-voltage auxiliary transformer cannot be synchronized and operated.
5.7.4 Temperature rise of and main transformer winding shall not exceed 65K,
temperature rise of the upper oil shall be not more than 55K, temperature rise of oil
tank, iron core and metal component shall not exceed 75K. Maximum designed
ambient temperature shall be 40℃. High-voltage auxiliary transformer, standby
transformer winding shall not exceed 85K.
5.7.5 Maximum temperature of main transformer shall not exceed 85℃; the maximum
temperature of winding shall not exceed 95℃. It will give an alarm when temperature
of main transformer winding exceeds 95℃ or temperature of upper oil exceeds 85℃,
and it will give an “ultra-high” alarm when temperature of winding exceeds 110℃ or
temperature of upper oil exceeds 100℃.
5.7.6 Starting temperature of high-voltage auxiliary transformer and standby

transformer fan shall be 80℃, stopping temperature shall be 70℃, alarming

temperature of transformer winding shall be 120℃, tripping temperature shall be

150℃. Maximum temperature of dry-type transformer winding shall not exceed 145℃;
temperature rise of each of part shall not more than 100K.
5.7.7 When all coolers stop operation, transformer is allowed to operate successively
with rated load for 20 minutes. When temperature of oil surface does not exceed 75℃,
transformer is allowed to operate successively for 1 hour.
5.7.8 Requirements for insulation resistance measurement of transformer.
5.7.8.1 For newly-installed, repaired and long-time disabled (more than one day)
transformer, before operation, shall measure insulation resistance and the measured
date shall be recorded.
5.7.8.2 Coil insulation resistance of start-up/standby transformer shall be measured

with a 2500V megohm meter, coil insulation resistance shall be ≥1MΩ/kV. Insulation
resistance of iron core of transformer shall be measured with a 1000V megohm meter,
not less than 500kΩ.
5.7.8.3 Transformer shall be measured along with cables and enclosed bus by a
2500V megohm meter, insulation resistance shall be ≥1MΩ/kV. Transformer with a
voltage rating of below 0.48kV shall be measured with a 500V megohm meter,
insulation resistance shall be not less than 0.5MΩ.
5.7.8.4 Insulation resistance of main transformer coil shall be measured with a 2500V
megohm meter, for each of coil and grounding, it shall meet the following
requirements:
a) Insulation resistance R60 shall be not less than 85% of ex-factory value or R60>
2500MΩ.
b) Absorption ratio R60/R15 shall be not less than 85% of ex-factory value or
R60/15≥1.3.
c) Dielectric loss angle tgδ shall be not more than 120% of ex-factory value (same

as temperature). At 20℃, when the value is less than 0.5%, it needs not to be
compared with the ex-factory value.
5.7.8.5 Insulation resistance of dry-type transformer shall be measure with 2500V

megohm meter, the measured insulation resistance of transformer iron core should
not be less than 5MΩ, To-ground insulation resistance of coil shall not be less than the
specified values as the following table:
Voltage level (kV) 0.48 13.8
To-ground insulation resistance of coil (MΩ) 50 200
5.7.9 Operation mode of gas protection
5.7.9.1 Heavy gas protection device shall trip normally. When operating on circuit of
heavy gas protection device, it needs to change heavy gas protection to signal, check
if protection device can trip after non-operation.
5.7.9.2 In the process of oil refilling/filtering on running transformer, it needs to change

heavy gas protection to signal. After completion of oil refilling/filtering, put it into
tripping after 48-hour releasing gas by operating gas relay.
5.7.9.3 When charging transformer which is put into operation newly or after repairing,
it needs to put heavy gas protection into tripping. After normal charging, change it to
signal, and then put it into tripping after 48-hour releasing gas by operating gas relay.
5.7.9.4 During heavy gas protection stopping operation, it is prohibited to stop any
other main protection of transformer.
5.8 Operating Mode of High-voltage Auxiliary Power System
5.8.1 Voltage of high-voltage auxiliary power system shall be 13.8kV and 4.16kV.
5.8.2 For high-voltage auxiliary power system, on a basis of a high-voltage working

transformer with a capacity of the 2000VA per unit, high-voltage working transformer
shall be equipped with two sections of 13.8kV bus.
5.8.3 Set up a standby transformer with a capacity of the 2000VA as a standby power
for the unit, standby transformer shall be a kind of on-load voltage regulation
transformer. Low voltage side neutral point standby transformer shall be directly
grounded.
5.9 Operating Mode of Low-voltage Auxiliary System
5.9.1 Voltage of low-voltage auxiliary system shall be 480V/280V
5.9.2 Set up a 480V power distribution center for low-voltage load of 480V auxiliary
unit of this unit sets.
5.9.3 Each segment of 480V power distribution center in auxiliary is supplied power by
a low-voltage auxiliary transformer. Set up contact switch link between the centers of
two segment 480V power distribution centers (except for electric dust removing
segment). Low-voltage auxiliary transformer adopts back-up for each other;
transformer capacity can be selected according to the load capacity of two segment
power distribution center. Under normal operation, contact switch of two power
distribution center shall be disconnected. If either of two transformers needs to be
repaired, contact switch shall be put into operation manually.
5.9.4 Power distribution center for electric dust removing shall be equipped with a
special low-voltage transformer as a backup. Electric dust removing segment of each
of unit shall be equipped with backup power auto-input device, In the case of failure of
work transformer, Power distribution center for electric dust removing can be put into
operation automatically. When work transformer needs to be repaired, power
distribution center for electric dust removing can be switched by closing back-up
branch switch manually.
5.9.5 Low-voltage auxiliary power system in main auxiliary adopts direct neutral point
grounding.
5.10 Operating Mode of Security Power of Unit
5.10.1 Set up a segment security 480V MCC on 13.8kV I busbar room. Units set up a
diesel generator unit as power for security 480V MCC busbar. Under normal operation,
security 480V MCC is no power. Diesel generator shall be in a good standby status,
outlet switch of diesel generator shall be set at “OFF” position. Start/stop mode of
diesel generator shall be set at "AUTO” position.
5.10.2 Operators shall check thoroughly security power system per shift to ensure that
security system shall be in a good standby status.
5.11 General Provisions of Operation and Management of

Electric Motor
5.11.1 Enclosure of each of motor shall carry with nameplate of manufacturer. Once
nameplate is missing, it needs to make up a new nameplate based on the original
data or test results of manufacturer.
5.11.2 Motor and its carrying-on equipment shall be marked with clear arrow to
indicate the direction of rotation, there shall be clear code/name to show its affiliation
shipment. Startup device shall be marked with "Start", "Run” and "Stop” signs.
5.11.3 All of switches, contactors, operating handle and the accident button on motor
shall be clearly marked to indicate them belongs to which one motor. Accident button
shall be equipped with a shield.
5.11.4 Coupling of electric motor and mechanical connection shall be equipped with a
solid shield, motor shell and enclosure of startup device shall be supplied with a good
grounding device.
5.11.5 Standby motor shall be regularly inspected and tested to ensure that at any

time to start up, and shall be used alternatively regularly.
5.11.6 Fuse-link of all types of fuses used for protection of electric motor shall be
checked. Each of fuse holders shall be marked with rated current of fuse-link. Model
and capacity of the fuse shall be marked on motor in situ.
5.12 Operating Mode of Electric Motor
5.12.1 Change range of voltage:
a) In general, motors can operate at a range of 95~110% of rating value, with its rated
output unchanged.
b) When the voltage is lower than its rating, current can be increased accordingly, but
shall not exceed its rated current value by 10%, and make sure that winding, shell and
outlet temperature shall not exceed the specified values.
c) When motor is running at rated output, phase voltage imbalance must not exceed 5%
of rating, current difference between three phases must not exceed 10%, and in
addition, current of any phase shall not exceed the rated current.
5.12.2 Measurement of insulation resistance:
a) Insulation resistance of 480V and below motor shall be measured with a

500V-1000V megohmmeter. Insulation resistance of 480V wound rotor type motor
shall be measured with a 500V megohmmeter.
b) For motor disabled more than 24 hours, it needs to measure insulation resistance
before startup. For motor disabled more than 8 hours at bad environment, it needs to
measure insulation resistance before startup.
c) Insulation resistance value of electrical motor shall meet the following

requirements:
- Insulation resistance value of 480V (or below) stator winding of motor not less than
0.5MΩ.
5.12.3 Allowed temperature and temperature rise:
Under normal circumstances, the temperature for long-time operation of the motor
shall be provided by factories. If there is no factory’s specification, the temperature for
each of parts shall be referred to following table (the allowed temperature rises listed
below is calculated based on an ambient temperature of 40℃):
Parts Allowed maximum temperature (℃) Allow maximum temperature rise (℃)
Level A 105 60
Level E 120 75
Stator coil Level B 130 80
Level F 155 100
Level H 180 125
Stator iron core 100 60
Slip ring 105 65
The surface of iron core and structural parts shall not exceed the allowed temperature
rise of contact insulating material (Thermometer Method).
Shell temperature of running motor provides that:
1) Level A insulation: ≯75℃
2) Level E insulation: ≯80℃
3) Level B insulation: ≯85℃
4) Level F insulation: ≯90℃
Vibration and movement of motor provides that:

a) Vibration of motor shall not exceed the values listed as following table:
Rated speed (rpm) 7600 3000 1500 1000 750
Vibration Value (double-amplitude um) 40 50 85 100 120
b) Axis-direction moving value of motor shall not exceed the following values:
- Sliding bearing: 2-4mm;
- Rolling Bearings: 0.05mm.
5.13 Operating Mode of DC System
5.13.1 Specifications of storage battery:
1) Voltage of unit DC system: 125V
Wiring of DC system: single bus segment
Sets of accumulator batteries: 1 sets/Unit
Type of accumulator battery: VRLA batteries
Capacity of accumulator battery: 1200Ah
Cells per each set of accumulator batteries: 58 cells
Operation mode of accumulator battery: Floating charge
2) Voltage of net DC system: 125V
Wiring of DC system: single bus segment
Sets of accumulator batteries: 1 sets/Unit
Type of accumulator battery: VRLA batteries
Capacity of accumulator battery: 200Ah
Cells per each set of accumulator batteries: 58 cells

Operation mode of accumulator battery: Floating charge
3) Rated voltage of single battery: 2V
4) Floating charge voltage of single battery: 2.23-2.25V
5) Equalizing charge voltage of single battery: 2.30-2.35V
6) Discharge off voltage of single battery: 1.89V (tentative)/125V
5.13.2 Operating mode DC system
a) Normal operation mode of 125V DC system shall be: after parallel operation,
charger and battery supply power to segment DC bus via segment bus-coupling
switch.
b) On 125V DC system, chargers generally carry with the load on segment and carry
out floating charge on accumulator battery.
5.13.3 DC system operation provides that:
a) Under normal circumstances, charger shall not to supply power to DC load alone.
b) When unit is running normally, DC system shall not take any action to cause any
instantaneous power cutting on DC bus.
c) When bus contact switch is disconnected, it is prohibited to conduct load parallel

operation of loads not located on the same segment on load side.
d) Any floating charge batteries, if for some reason, have been discharged or disabled
for long time, shall be carried out a balanced charging.
5.13.4 Inspection and maintenance on DC system
5.13.4.1 Patrol and inspection on DC
a) Voltage of each of DC bus and floating charge current of each of charger shall be
normal (0.01C, C means battery capacity).
b) Check if switch position is in line with operating mode.

c) Check if monitoring module shows the parameters and status indicators are normal,
and if there is any alarm signal.
d) Check if charging module of charger cabinet operate normally, voltage and current
shown on LCD are normal.
e) Check if status indicator lamp for accumulator battery indicates normally.
f) There is no overheating, discoloration, burning on various components, wiring shall

not be loosen and sounds normal.
5.13.4.2 Inspect items on accumulator battery:
a) Battery shall be clean and dry, without cracking or leakage; during the service life of
battery, do not open its valve.
b) Make sure that floating charge voltage of battery shall be within the normal range.
c) When battery is carried out balanced charging, voltage and current of balanced
charging shall be normal (0.08C, C means battery capacity).
d) Ambient temperature shall be appropriately at about 25℃.
e) Inspection regularly data logger of battery to see if the measured value is consistent
with the actual value.
f) There is no possible of loose cable, short circuit or grounding on joints and

connected lines.
5.13.4.3 Notes for accumulator room:
a) No smoking in accumulator room.
b) Do not wear watches, rings and other metal objects during working around the
battery.
c) Do not use organic solvents but soap lye or clear water to clean up external
appearance.
d) In the case of battery on fire, do not use carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent and
please use basic firefighting equipment.
e) Accumulator generally needs balanced charging, except for the following:
--- After battery has been installed.
--- After completion of discharge and before being put into use.
--- After recycling battery has been discharged.
--- Has been stored for 80 days or more.
--- If AC power failure lasting more than 10 minutes or after 60 days of continuous
floating charging, the system will automatically start the balanced charging.
5.14 Operating Mode of UPS
5.14.1 Each of unit shall be equipped with UPS, AC bus adopts single-bus
configuration. In order to provide double power supply to unit control system, each of
unit shall be equipped with not only a UPS power distribution cabinet but also a
security power distribution cabinet. Security power distribution cabinet AC bus power
shall be supplied by isolation transformer and automatic coupling voltage regulator of
unit security via UPS bypass.
5.14.2 UPS system of units consists of a UPS basic cabinet, a bypass cabinet and a
security cabinet. UPS AC input power has two ways, of which one way is for working,
and the other is for backup, both of two way connected to electric power plant auxiliary
power system. Bypass AC power has one way.
5.14.3 UPS disabling operation shall be conducted only after thermal control switching
of concerned power.
5.14.4 In the case of inverter fault or too much load impact, or UPS load short-circuit
beyond of capacity of inverter; static switch will switch automatically to bypass power.
After fault removed, static switch will return to automatically to power supply by
inverter. When power meets switching conditions, manual switching time for static
switch shall be 0ms, when load is switched from inverter to bypass, there will no
phase hits; when switching from bypass back to inverter, this switch is undisturbed
switching.
5.15 Operating Mode of Generator
5.15.1 Under normal circumstances, the rated power for long-time continuous
operation of generator shall be 8350kW.
5.15.2 In different operating conditions, the operational capacity of generator shall be

consistent with “Generator Capacity Curve”.
a) When the voltage of generator stator varying within rating of ±5% and power factor
is the rated value, its rated capacity shall keep unchanged. That is, when the voltage
of generator stator is higher or lower than 5% of rated value, the allowed current value
of stator can be allowed to be lower or higher than 5% of rated value.
b) Generator can operate with variable power factors, when power factor is reducing,
the current of rotor shall not be greater than the rated current, and the apparent output
shall be reduced. When the power factor is increasing, the apparent power of
generator cannot be greater than its rating.
In the state of system failure, it is allowed for generator to operate with overload.
However, at this time, hydrogen parameters, cold water parameters within the stator
winding and stator voltage of generator shall be same as their ratings.
Short circuit ratio: 0.67
Sustained short circuit current: 1.8p.u. (rated excitation)
> 2.5p.u. (voltage regulator)
Sudden short circuit current: 1950A (symmetric RMS)
4900A (peak value)
5.15.3 Under the accident conditions, it is allowed for generator to fulfill short-time
asynchronous operation. During excitation system failure and power grid conditions
permitted, at a stator current of 1.0~1.1 times IN, the allowed running time shall be
15min, at this time the allowed load shall be within 40% of rating, in addition, when
occurs loss of excitation, load shall be reduced to 60% of rating within initial 60s, and
then down to 40% of rating within subsequent 90s.
5.15.4 When the generator is ongoing load unbalance operation, the negative
sequence current cannot exceed 8% of rated current, and the current of each phase
must not exceed rated current, otherwise the generator output shall be reduced to the
allowed range.
5.15.5 In a very short time, generator can withstand unbalanced load of accident
conditions, (I2/IN)2*t≤10S. The allowed value of accidental negative sequence current
time and the related time shall be in accordance with the following table.
5.15.6 Negative sequence current and time limits
5.15.7 Increase/decrease rate of load of generator shall be generally 5% of rated load

per minute, however, under a state of emergency, it shall depend on the steam
turbine.
5.15.8 Generator can structurally operate stably under the condition of leading power
factor being 0.85 and at the rated power.
5.15.9 Generator can output rated power continuously at rated power factor, rated
voltage deviation of ±5%, and rated frequency deviation of +2% to -3%. The allowed
operation time for generator to output the rated power at rated power factor, rated
voltage deviation of ±5%, and rated frequency deviation of +3% to -6%.
5.16 Operating Mode of Power Distribution Device
5.16.1 Bus and disconnecting link
5.16.1.1 Allowed temperature limit of bus, disconnecting link and joints of all parts is

70℃.
5.16.1.2 Maximum temperature rise of conductor of closed bus is 50℃ (at ambient
temperature of 40℃), the maximum allowed temperature is 90℃. Maximum
temperature rise of enclosure is 30℃, the maximum allowed temperature is 70℃.
Maximum allowed temperature of silver plated area is 105℃.
5.16.1.3 Inspection on bus before being supplied power:
a) Check if work orders have been taken back, and remove temporary security
measures.
b) Measure bus insulation. 480V bus shall be measured with 500V megohm meter,
and its value shall not be less than 100MΩ. 13.8kV bus shall be measured with 2500V
megohm meter, and its value shall be not less than 200MΩ.
c) Support porcelain insulator, wall bushing shall be clean, in good condition, and free
of crack nor spark tracking.
d) All parts shall be connected firmly and have good contacts.
5.16.1.4 Inspection on disconnecting link before being supply power:
a) Support porcelain insulator and rod porcelain insulator, keep insulator clean and
intact.
b) During trail pulling disconnecting link, make sure three phases act in a unified way
and contacts shall have good contact.
c) Grounding disconnecting link have a good mechanical interlocking with the main
disconnecting link.
d) Operating mechanism shall be act freely.
e) Mechanical transmission shall be smooth without sticking.
f) Fixed and moving contacts shall have good contact, and the contact depth shall be
appropriate.

g) Limit switch, contactors, buttons, terminal block and secondary contacts on

operation circuit shall be intact and flexible.
5.16.1.5 Inspection on bus and disconnecting link during operation:
a) All parts keep clean and free of foreign matters.
b) Porcelain insulator shall be intact, without breakage and discharging.
c) There shall not be overheating, flushing burning out on all of joints and contacts.
d) Lead shall be free of loosening, serious swing or burns or break.
e) Make sure that equalizer ring shall be solid, reliable and smooth.
f) Operating mechanism boxes shall be properly closed and free from water leakage.
g) All parts on operating mechanism shall be in order; location indicator shows

correctly, no pin off.
h) Disconnecting link handles, pins, mechanical interlock shall be in good condition.
5.16.1.6 Operating range of disconnecting link:
a) Close pull-in voltage transformer when there is no grounding fault in the system.
b) Close lightning arrester in the absence of lightning strike.
c) Close no-load bus.
d) During no earth fault in the system, close grounding disconnecting link of

transformer neutral point.
e) When switch is closed, the bypass disconnecting link parallel connected with switch
can close the bypass current.
f) Close no-load transformer with excitation current of 2A and no-load circuit with
capacitive current of less than 5A.
5.16.1.7 Before disconnecting link operating, ensure related switch has been set at
“OFF” position first, and then conduct the operation. During supplying power, close
disconnecting link on power side, and then close disconnecting link on load side. The
sequence of power cutting is the other way round. During operation, if there is any
damage, fracture, or discharging, contact, overheating, flushing or burning-out, shall
report immediately to Dispatch Officer and ask to switch operation mode or reduce
load.
5.16.1.8 In the case of electrical operation malfunction, check the following items:
a) If power of motor is normal, and if contacts of power switch of electric motor

contactor is poorly contacted.
b) If 110V DC control power supply is normal, and if DC control power switch QF1 has
been put into operation.
c) Check if remote/in situ small switch of control box is in line with operating mode.
d) If thermal coupling relay KT fails to reset.
e) If auxiliary switch, limit contact and closed-loop contact has been well closed.
f) If there is any damage on various electrical components.
5.16.1.9 After closing disconnecting link, check contact situation immediately. After
completion of electric operation, shall open small switches of operational power
supply and motor power supply.
During operating on secondary circuit of disconnecting link, adequate safety

measures shall be taken to prevent a sudden switch tripping and sequent accident of
on-load tripping.
5.16.2 Voltage transformer and current transformer
5.16.2.1 It is strictly prohibited to cause short circuit on secondary side on running

voltage transformer, operating voltage shall not be more than the maximum allowed
operating voltage of voltage transformer.
5.16.2.2 It is strictly prohibited to cause incomplete circuit on secondary side on

running voltage transformer. Operating voltage shall not be more than the maximum
allowed operating voltage of voltage transformer, current on primary side shall not
exceed the rated current of current transformer.
5.16.2.3 138kV voltage transformer shall directly access to the 138kV system, voltage
transformer shall be put into operation together with themselves own equipments.
5.16.2.4 Secondary voltage of 138kV voltage transformer shall pass through a small
switch to protection device and measuring circuit, synchronous voltage shall be output
by small switch. During normal power failure, secondary small switches shall be
disconnected, when power supplying, they shall be closed.
5.16.2.5 Inspection on voltage transformer and current transformer during normal

operation:
a) Porcelain insulator shall be clean and intact, free of cracks, breakage and
discharging and spark tracking;
b) Pressure of current transformer SF6 shall be within the normal range;
c) Enclosure of voltage transformer shall be clean, without oil leakage or oil

impregnate;
d) There shall be no abnormal noise on transformer body;
e) There shall be not overheating, flushing, red, strands breakage or wire fracture on
joints and lead;
f) Part of the secondary connection shall be clean, without sparking tracking, and well
fused.
5.16.2.6 After thunder, strong winds and rainstorm, it’s necessary to carry out special
inspections on the transformer.
5.17 Lightning Arrester
5.17.1 After repairing, arrester shall be carried out power frequency discharge test
and measured insulation resistance by high-voltage testing stuff. Whether it can be
put into operation shall be clarified by the responsible person in written. Except for the
duration of check and test, the arrester shall be put into operation all the year around.
5.17.2 After each of lightning strike or system failure, the arrester shall be thoroughly
checked, the detailed date shown on discharge recorder shall be recorded into
arrester’s operation log.
5.17.3 Inspection on arrester during normal operation:
a) Porcelain insulator shall be clean and free of cracks, breakage and discharging;
b) Lead shall be free strand breakage, wire fracture or burning mark;
c) Joints shall be free of loosening or overheating;
d) Equalizer ring shall be free of loosening, rust or defluxion;
e) Grounding device shall be in good order, check if register works well;
f) On-line monitoring device on high-voltage side of start-up/standby transformer and

main transformer shall indicate correctly.
5.18 Power Cable
5.18.1 Operating voltage of power cables shall not be higher than 115% of rated
voltage.
5.18.2 Before being put into operation, it needs to measure insulation resistance of
power cable. Insulation test on cable provides as follows: 480V (or below) cables shall
be measured with 500V megohm meter, its value shall not be less than 3MΩ and
value ratio shall not be more than 2.5 times. 1000V below cables shall be measured
with 1000V megohm meter, and its value shall not be less than 10MΩ. 1000V above
cables shall be measured with 2500V megohm meter , the insulation resistance of
value 6~10kV cables shall not be less than 400MΩ, and unbalance factor of insulation
resistance of each of phase shall be not more than 2 times. Measured insulation
resistance value shall be subject to the reading data of 1 minute later. After
measurement of insulation resistance, cables shall be fully discharged.
5.18.3 Allow the maximum operating temperature for long-time running cable (℃)
refers to the following table:
Rated voltage (kV) 0.48 4.16 13.8
Natural rubber insulation 65 65 —
PVC insulation 65 65 —
Polyethylene insulation — 70 70
XLPE 90 90 90
5.18.4 Cable in general may not be overloaded. In the case of accident, it is allowed
for cable to overload for short time, but shall be subject to the following provisions:
a) Low-voltage cables can bear a 10% of overload, 6~10kV can bear a 15% of
overload, but both of two are not allowed to overload for more than two hours;
b) For intermittent overload, re-overloading shall be conducted only after 10-12 hours
later than previous overload.
c) When cable overloading, its temperature shall not exceed the allowed values,
otherwise, it needs to reduce load immediately.
Inspection on cable:
a) Asphalt on steel armored cable shall not be detached, and scarfskin of unarmored
cable shall not be damaged;
b) Bracket shall be kept in good condition; cable shall be placed in order, no extrusion
nor bump;
c) There shall be no accumulated water/dust/oil nor stacked sundries around cable;

d) There shall be neither spark nor discharging at cable-intensive place;
e) No cracking nor discharging on cable joints and bushing, scarfskin well be

grounded.
6 Relay Protection of Generator Unit
6.1 General Requirements and Provisions

6.1.1 Control room shall be provided with a set of complete and correct secondary
schematics, expansion plans and some technical account required.
6.1.2 There must be correct name of equipment in front of and behind protection
screen of relay, and all of relay protections, press plates, test switches, fuses, etc. on
the screen shall be marked correctly, and shall be checked before the operation.
6.1.3 As to equipments in operation and standby, their protection and automatic

devices shall be put into operation; no equipment without protection is allowed to be
put into operation. Under emergency situations, some protection may be disabled, but
two main protections shall not be disabled at the same time.
6.1.4 Test for relay protections, automatic device and there secondary circuit shall be
carried out in line with main at power outage, the following conditions by the
dispatcher or the value of long (according to jurisdiction). Under the following
conditions, after get approval of Dispatch Officer or Chief Foreman (depends on
responsibility), inspection and may not power on the relay protection equipment and
automatic device of live equipments.
1) There are two or more protections;
2) Temporary protection instead of original protection;
3) Relay protection equipments and automatic devices which can stop operation as
agreed by Dispatch Officer or Chief Foreman;

6.2 Inspection and Trial Run in Emergency Cases
6.2.1 Under normal circumstances, switching of enabling, disabling and protection

mode of relay protection and automatic device shall be conducted by specified press
plates and switch, and shall not be conducted using re-connected secondary thrum
plus temporary wire method.
6.2.2 After maintenance of relay protection and automatic device, there must clear
explanations and conclusions in written. If need to change the setting value, modifying
person shall advise details to ensure that record shall be in line with of actual setting
value of equipment. Any equipment in question shall not be allowed to put into
operation.
6.2.3 Measurement and test on operating secondary current circuit shall be carried
out with specified current terminal, and make sure that CT secondary open circuit
measures in place, after the end of the work, restore original state.
6.2.4 During outage and maintenance of equipment, the impact on the operation of
equipment should be pre-outage protection, equipment operation and the protection
of the reserve should be put into operation before. During power cutting for
maintenance, the protection which may impact on the equipment shall be
disconnected beforehand. These protections shall be disabled before equipment is
put in to operation or standby
6.2.5 Start/stop of normal operation of relay protection and automatic devices shall be
conducted by operators. When start/stop of protection needs to change secondary
circuit or the setting of microprocessor-based protection, it shall be conducted by
protection persons.
6.2.6 It is prohibited to do any vibration work on the operating protection panel and
automatic device panel. Under special circumstances, it must make proper safety
measures or disable related protection. Do not use any telecommunications
equipments in electronic equipment room.
6.2.7 Relay protection and automatic devices shall be check once per shift according
to the following items:
1) After shift changeover, operators shall make sure that there is unpleasant smell,
overheating, unexpected noise, no vibration, no abnormal signal on relay protection
and automatic device.
2) Make sure that enclosure of relay and door of microprocessor-based protection etc.
are intact and without crack.
3) Check if all outdoor terminal boxes are well sealed, if PT secondary switch has
been set at “Putting into operation” position, and if CT has not open circuit.
4) All of switches, disconnecting links, fuse, plugs and press plates of test components
etc. on device shall be in proper place.
5) Contact point of relay contact free of vibration, overheating or abnormal noise.
6) Indicator lamp status and the start/stop of protection device shall be in line with the
current actual operation mode.
7) Relay shall be free of any action signal, missing nameplate or other anomalies.
8) Meter inside device shall indicate correctly.
9) Exception handling
10) In the case of system or equipment failure, workers on duty shall find out
immediately protections, switches, signals and light-word plates of action, and report
to Chief Foreman, after recording, restore the signal, and then fill the situation of
action into "Relay Protection Action Log".
11) During operation, if electrical equipment failure occurs, workers on duty shall find
out action status of protection and automatic device, and report timely to Chief
Forman and Dispatch Stuff. At the same time details shall be recorded and reviewed
by another person, then restore the signal.
12) If tripping of protection action and switch occurs, it is necessary to instruct the
work team holding the work orders to stop working and find out reasons for timely
solving. If found any wrong protection or abnormal signal, shall inform maintenance
team to inspect, after find out the reasons and resolutions, then can conduct the
operation.
13) If found any emergency such as fire, smoking or huge noise etc on device,
workers on duty shall do necessary emergency processing first, and then report to
Chief Foreman and Dispatch Stuff.
6.3 Generator and Transformer Protection Configuration
Protect configuration and sub-cabinet for protection devices of microprocessor-based

generator-transformer unit.
Protection shall be configured as 1 main plus 1 backup, the specific configuration shall
be as follows:
6.3.1 Protection on generator
- Generator Differential Protection (87G)
- Generator O/C with Under-voltage Restrained Protection (51/V)
- Generator Stator Earth Fault Protection (64S)
- Generator Rotor Earth Fault Protection (64R)
- Generator Overload Protection (49)
- Generator Negative Phase Sequence Overload Protection (46)
- Generator Loss of Field Protection (40)
- Generator Voltage Abnormality Protection (59/27)
- Generator Reverse Power Protection (32)
- Generator Under/Over Frequency Protection (81)

Full cut-off: disconnect outlet circuit breaker tripping coil I, disconnect de-excitation
switch, stop diesel engine, start outlet circuit breaker failure protection.
6.3.2 Protection on transformer
- Transformer Differential Protection
- Transformer O/C with Under-voltage Restrained Protection
- HV Side Earth Fault Protection
- HV Side Gap Earth Fault Protection
- Overload Protection
- Cooling Initiation
- Gas Protection of Main Transformer
- Pressure Release Protection of Main Transformer
- Fault Protection of Cooler of Main Transformer
- Temperature Protection of Main Transformer Winding
- Oil Temperature Protection of Main Transformer
- Oil Level Protection of Main Transformer
Full cut-off: disconnect 138kV circuit breaker tripping coil, start 138kV circuit breaker
failure protection, disconnect 13.8kV circuit breaker, disconnect generator outlet
circuit breaker, disconnect 13.8kV auxiliary power supply etc..
Outlet circuit of each protection device is equipped a connecting strip to provide

start/stop operation. Outlet circuit of each of circuit breaker also set up start/stop press
plate.
6.4 138kV Transmission Line Protection Configuration
- Differential Protection of Line (87L)

- Phase Overcurrent Protection (51/67)
- Instantaneous Phase Overcurrent Protection (50)
- Undervoltage Protection (27)
- Overvoltage Protection (59)
Trip circuit breakers on all side: trip 138kV circuit breaker tripping coil, trip main
transformer low side circuit breaker.
6.5 Auxiliary Transformer and Standby Transformer

Protection Configuration
6.5.1 The auxiliary transformer protection:
- Differential Protection of Transformer (87T)
- Instantaneous O/C (50)
- O/C Protection with Under-voltage Restrained (51/V)
- Neutral O/C (Earth Fault Protection) for HV Side (50/51N1)
- Neutral O/C (Earth Fault Protection) for LV Side (50/51N1)
Trip off circuit breakers on all side: trip off 13.8kV middle circuit breaker tripping coil,
block 480V ATS.
6.5.2 The standby transformer protection:
- Differential Protection of Transformer (87T)
- Instantaneous O/C (50)
- O/C Protection with Under-voltage Restrained (51/V)
- Neutral O/C (Earth Fault Protection) for HV Side (50/51N1)
- Neutral O/C (Earth Fault Protection) for LV Side (50/51N1)

Trip off circuit breakers on all side: trip off 4.16kV middle circuit breaker tripping coil
Outlet circuit of each protection device is equipped a connecting strip to provide

start/stop operation. Outlet circuit of each of circuit breaker also set up start/stop press
plate.
7 Trouble Removals of Units
7.1 Lost of All Auxiliary Electricity

7.1.1 Situations
7.1.1.1 Unit tripping, machine tripping, generators step-out; alarm ring, all related
light-word-plate on.
7.1.1.2 All segment auxiliary bus voltage drops to zero, with green lamp of power
switch on.
7.1.1.3 All running AC auxiliary units stops, backup AC auxiliary unit not linked.
7.1.1.4 All DC equipment Linked.
7.1.1.5 AC lighting out, DC lighting on.
7.1.2 Reasons
Transformer trips off, 13.8kV each segment working power lost, backup power
quick-switching is not successful, or standby transformer fault trip, security power
supply fail to put into operation automatically.
7.1.3 Actions
7.1.3.1 Notify external operators the corresponding resolution against lose of auxiliary
power. Restore each of tripping devices, release linkage of backup equipments.
7.1.3.2 Come to diesel engine room immediately carry out the following inspection on
security power:

7.1.3.3 Check if diesel generator start automatically, otherwise, put security power into
operation and restore security power.
7.1.3.4 After security bus restore the power, and resume gradually all segments
security MCC power and AC emergency lighting.
7.1.3.5 After security power is restored, go on the following operation:
7.1.3.6 Start lubricating oil pump the host exchange oil pump.
7.1.3.7 Put lubricating oil system of the auxiliary unit into operation.
7.1.3.8 Check if UPS power can be switched normally. Open trip floating machine of
125V DC system.
7.1.3.9 Open all of 13.8kV closed switches. Find out the reason why 480kV backup
power failed to start automatically, after trouble shooting; restore the operation of each
segment of 480V power and low-voltage auxiliary transformer.
7.1.3.10 Restore auxiliary power progressively and each of system progressively

according to the situation of unit
7.1.3.11 Restore step by step other operating of unit.
7.1.4 During motor startup, if occurs the following abnormal situations, must stop any
operation immediately:
7.1.4.1 Current fails to resume for long time after startup.
7.1.4.2 After closing switch, motor does not turn but keep buzzing.
7.1.4.3 There are sparks or smoke inside electric motor.
7.1.4.4 Abnormal vibration occurs on equipment, and serious leakage appears on

connecting pipe, flange etc.
7.1.4.5 Auxiliary unit vibrates dramatically
7.2 Motor Fault

7.2.1 If one of the following situations occurs, shall stop immediately the operation of
motor:
7.2.1.1 Endanger personal security;
7.2.1.2 Motor and its subsidiary electrical equipments is smoking and on fire;
7.2.1.3 Subsidiary equipments damaged and cannot operation any longer;
7.2.1.4 Strong vibration or internal shocks, stator and rotor friction;
7.2.1.5 Rotating speed of motor is dropping sharply and current is increasing or

getting to zero;
7.2.1.6 Temperature of motor bearing is increasing sharply till exceed allowed values;
7.2.1.7 Flooding or fire disaster etc. endangering the safe operation of motor, fire.
7.2.2 During the following circumstances, for important auxiliary motor, you can start
backup equipments first, and then stop operation of auxiliary motor:
7.2.2.1 There are some abnormal noises on motor burning smells on insulation;
7.2.2.2 There is spark or smoke inside motor start-up regulating device;
7.2.2.3 Current of stator exceeds value required for normal operation (with same
load);
7.2.2.4 Serious overheating on cable tail of motor;
7.2.2.5 Failure on cooling system of large-scale motor;
7.2.2.6 Unbalanced three-phase with current exceeds 10% or above.
7.2.3 If the motor tripped off affects the output or safe operation of unit and there is no
backup or cannot enable the backup motor rapidly, then it is allowed to reclose the
motor tripped off, except for the following situations:
7.2.3.1 There is obvious short-circuit or damage on start-up regulating device or

power cable of motor;

7.2.3.2 Personal accident happens, which requires immediate shut down;
7.2.3.3 Actuating mechanism attached with motor has been damaged;
7.2.3.4 Motor which protects action tripping.
7.2.3.5 When voltage of important motor lost or decreased, do not cut out auxiliary
motor within 1 minute.
7.2.4 Automatic tripping when motor is running
7.2.4.1 Reasons
a) Short circuit between turns of stator coils or between phases.
b) Power cable fault.
c) Driven mechanism has been stuck.
d) Lower voltage.
e) Faulty operation by relay or operator.
7.2.4.2 Actions
a) Start backup.
b) If there is no backup equipment, it needs to inspect as soon as possible, if no

problem, then restart again, when confirmed faulty operation, it can be started
immediately.
c) If trip off when starting, it shall not be activated again until identify the reasons.
d) The following examination shall be conducted on motor:
e) What operation has just been carried out;
f) If there is any short circuit, grounding, wire broken on motor coil and cable;
g) If the driven mechanism is stuck, or if fuse is blew out, interlock circuit is in good
condition;
h) Whether or not switching mechanism is in good condition, power switch and

disconnecting link is well closed;
i) Measure and confirm if insulation resistance of motor (including cable) is proper.
7.2.5 Motor is smoking or on fire, or with burning smell
7.2.5.1Reasons
a) Due to askew bearing center or bushing friction which makes rotor collides with
each other.
b) Insulation of stator coil is damp, filthy, aging, causing inter-phase short-circuit or

earth fault.
c) Stator coil insulation damp, filthy, aging, the occurrence of inter-phase short-circuit
or earth fault.
7.2.5.2 Actions
a) Disconnect immediately power switch of motor.
b) Adopts dry powder fire extinguishers, 1211 fire extinguishers, carbon dioxide fire
extinguisher or mist water spraying. It is strictly prohibited to use huge stream of water
flowing, sand or foam for fire-fighting.
c) Conduct a thorough check on motor.
7.2.6 Motor vibrates strongly
7.2.6.1 Reasons
a) Center of motor is not aligned with that of and its attendant equipments, main shaft
is bending and there is mechanical damage.
b) Bearing of unit damages or displacement of balance block is out of balance.
c) Stator and rotor scrub each other or fan falls off.
d) Squirrel-cage bar of rotor welding is sealing off or broken.
e) Mechanical vibration, foot screws is loosening.

7.2.6.2 Action
a) Start backup motor.
b) If there is no backup motor, it needs to reduce load of motor to see whether or not
this can ease or eliminate vibration, if not, it is necessary to advise maintenance
department to deal with.
7.2.7 For unusual temperature rise on motor, the following examination shall be
conducted:
7.2.7.1 Check if voltage is below the specified value and if current exceeds the
specified value;
7.2.7.2 Check if cooling air exceeds 35℃, if cooling system is blocked, and if fan is
operating normally;
7.2.7.3 Whether or not currents of three phases is balanced, or if any exceeds

specified value;
7.2.7.4 Whether or not the driven mechanism is stuck hence causing overload.
7.3 Auxiliary Transformer Fault
7.3.1 Evidence
7.3.1.1 Accident sounds are sent out.
7.3.1.2 The corresponding protection of auxiliary transformer is active; the related

signal is sent off;
7.3.1.3 Switch on high/low-voltage side of auxiliary transformer trips off, green lamp
on;
7.3.1.4 Backup inlet voltmeter & ammeter point to zero;
7.3.1.5 Alarm is display on CRT.
7.3.2 Action
7.3.2.1 Confirm switch of auxiliary transformer has been disconnected;
7.3.2.2 Open outlet disconnecting link;
7.3.2.3 Push power switch of 13.8kV bus to the test position;
7.3.2.4 Release outlet press plate of auxiliary transformer protection;
7.3.2.5 Take security measures onto auxiliary transformer and submit to maintenance
for further treatment.
7.4 13.8kV Bus PT Fuse is Blew Out
7.4.1 Evidence
a) Alarm rings, control room send 13.8kV "Voltage Circuit Disconnected” signal, "PT
Fault” lamp on 13.8kV PT cabinet on, bus voltage indicates normally.
b) "Disconnected” "Closed” lamps on auxiliary quick-switching device on.
7.4.2 Actions
7.4.2.1 Switch auxiliary quick-switching device from "Device Start/stop” to "Stop”

position;
7.4.2.2 Open low-voltage protection DC small switch;
7.4.2.3 Open PT secondary AC switch;
7.4.2.4 Push PT trolley to the test position, remove PT primary fuse;
7.4.2.5 Replace primary fuse;
7.4.2.6 Push PT trolley to the operation position;
7.4.2.7 Close PT secondary AC switch;
7.4.2.8 Close low-voltage protection DC switch;
7.4.2.9 Switch auxiliary quick-switching device from "Device Start/stop” to "Start”

position.
7.5 Standby Transformer Fault
7.5.1 Evidence
7.5.1.1 Accident sounds are sent out;
7.5.1.2 The corresponding protection of standby transformer is active; the related

signal is sent off;
7.5.1.3 Switch on high/low-voltage side of standby transformer trips off, green lamp
on;
7.5.1.4 Backup inlet voltmeter & ammeter point to zero;
7.5.1.5 Alarm is display on CRT.
7.5.2 Action
7.5.2.1 Confirm switch of standby transformer has been disconnected;
7.5.2.2 Open outlet disconnecting link;
7.5.2.3 Push backup power switch of 4.16kV bus to the test position;
7.5.2.4 Release outlet press plate of standby transformer protection;
7.5.2.5 Take security measures onto standby transformer and submit to maintenance
for further treatment.
7.6 480V Auxiliary Power Failure
7.6.1 In the case of 480V auxiliary power failure due to the malfunction of low-voltage
auxiliary transformer outside the main plant, check and confirm if working switch has
been disconnected. If there is no signal of over-current on working branch, close bus
contact switch manually and restore 400V power running. Isolate failed low-voltage
auxiliary transformer, take necessary safety measures and contact maintenance
department to deal with.

7.6.2 Switch tripping evidence on 480V PC
There is signal of "Over-current on Low-voltage Side” or "Zero-sequence Over-current”

on 400V inlet switch, the switch on working branch trips off.
7.6.3 Actions for switch tripping on 480V PC working branch
7.6.3.1 Check if backup equipment on another 480V PC is linked normally.
7.6.3.2 When switch is tripping off on 480V PC and, shall check if security MCC
working power trips off, and if diesel generator is running for power supply of security
MCC.
7.6.3.3 Measure insulation of 480V PC bus, disable the bus, and inform maintenance
staff to deal with.
7.6.4 There is evidence showing that fuse of bus PT on 480V PC segment has been
blew out.
Centralized control room sends out the signal of “Voltage circuit of bus PT on 480V
PC segment A is broken". Voltmeter of bus indicates voltage is decreased.
7.6.5 Action
7.6.5.1 Disconnect DC small switch of bus PT on 480V PC segment;
7.6.5.2 Disconnect AC small secondary switch of bus PT on 480V PC segment
7.6.5.3 Replace the blew-out primary fuse of bus PT on 480V PC segment;
7.6.5.4 Put primary fuse of bus PT on 480V PC segment into operation;
7.6.5.5 Close AC secondary small switch of bus PT on 480V PC segment
7.6.5.6 Close DC small switch of bus PT on 480V PC segment;
7.6.6 Excess temperature on dry-type transformer inside main plant
7.6.6.1 Check in site immediately on dry-type transformer. Check if there is any

abnormal temperature and odor, and whether or not cooling fan can started

automatically.
7.6.6.2 Reduce load of transformer or switch its 480V bus to another transformer for
further power supply.
7.6.6.3 After treated, if the temperature of transformer continues to rise or tripping

occurs due to over-temperature, it is required to open immediately switch on
low-voltage side, close contact switch manually and restore the power supply for 480V
bus.
7.6.6.4 Alarm will be activated once temperature of transformer reaches up to 120℃,

and tripping will occur once the temperature is up to 150℃. During checking,
operators shall switch as could as more switches from failed transformer to the
backup transformer for further operation.
7.7 DC System Fault
7.7.1 DC system fault and trouble shooting for abnormal voltage of accumulator
battery:
7.7.1.1 If there is unqualified voltage of individual battery, the detection device of

accumulator batteries will alarm and display the code and voltage of fault battery.
7.7.1.2 After received fault information, on-duty workers shall come to scene and
measure the actual terminal voltage of single battery cell immediately, and notify
maintainer to deal with.
7.7.2 Trouble shooting for charger fault:
7.7.2.1 When a single charger module fails, withdraw the single module from the
operation, and maintenance deal with contact.
7.7.2.2 When entire group of charger fails, withdraw the whole modules from the
operation, if cannot be repaired temporarily, the batteries carried by the failed charger
shall be switched onto another normal charger for further charging. In the process of

switching, there shall be no instantaneous loss of power occurring on the DC load.
7.7.3 Low voltage of DC bus:
7.7.3.1 Alarm rings, "Unusual Voltage DC Bus” is shown on light words plate.
7.7.3.2 Voltage of bus shown on charger display and feeder display is too low.
7.7.3.3 DC monitoring module indicates voltage is dropping.
7.7.4 Measures for low voltage of DC bus:
7.7.4.1 Restore alarm ring, confirm if voltage of DC bus is dropping and check
whether or not charger is working normally.
7.7.4.2 Failed bus, if necessary, shall be switched onto the power supply of another
bus, and inform maintainer to deal with.
7.7.5 High voltage of DC bus:
7.7.5.1 Alarm rings, "Unusual Voltage DC Bus” is shown on light words plate.
7.7.5.2 Voltage of bus shown on charger display and feeder display is too high.
7.7.5.3 DC monitoring module indicates voltage is increasing.
7.7.6 Measures for high voltage of DC bus:
Restore alarm ring, if charger trips off, the power of DC system may be supplied
accumulator batteries separately until voltage of DC bus drops down to the specified
value, and then put charger into operation to ensure the voltage of bus to fall into the
allowed range.
7.7.7 Measures for ground fault on DC system:
7.7.7.1 Check ground electrode and ground resistance on the on-line monitoring
device of insulation, fault alarming point is the earth point.
7.7.7.2 Trial running shall be conducted according to the nature of load, by the order
of “load first, power later” and “backup first, working later”. Before trial running, shall

notify concerned operators, power for heat engineering shall be conducted by thermal
workers, power of electrical protection shall be conducted by protection workers.
7.7.7.3 Trial running of main protection shall be get approval of dispatch stuff, any
protection apt to faulty operation shall be removed.
7.7. 7.4 After trial running, whether or not the equipment is grounded, power shall be
supplied immediately.
7.7.7.5 After found out the grounding equipment, notify the maintainer to deal with.
7.7.8 Measures for AC losing electricity of charger:
Find out the reason of AC losing electricity and restore power supply as soon as
possible. If fails to restore temporarily, shall switch its DC bus to the power supply of
another DC bus, and stop the charger for further treatment.
7.7.9 There is evidence showing fuse of 125V DC system accumulator battery is

blown out
Centralized Control Room issued the signal of "Fuse Failure on 125V DC System
Accumulator Battery ".
7.7.10 Measures for blown out fuse of 125V DC system accumulator battery
7.7.10.1 Check alarm signal of faulty battery;
7.7.10.2 Switch the related load onto the power supply of another bus and stop the
charger of the faulty bus;
7.7.10.3 Identify and remove the fault point;
7.7.10.4 After eliminating the fault, replace the fuse of the accumulator battery and
restore the original operation mode.
7.7.11 Evidence of voltage disappearance on DC bus
7.7.11.1 Signal "Abnormal voltage on DC bus” is issued;
7.7.11.2 Voltage of voltage-lost bus indicates to zero;

7.7.11.3 Charger tripping off;
7.7.11.4 Voltage shown on feed cabinet of voltage-lost bus is close to zero; load
indicator lamp is out.
7.7.12 Measures for voltage-loss on DC bus
7.7.12.1 Check if fuse on accumulator battery is blown out;
7.7.12.2 Open all disconnecting links of voltage-lost bus and check the bus;
7.7.12.3 Measure the insulation of DC bus, if there is obvious fault on bus, stop the
use of faulty charger and accumulator battery of bus; advise maintainer to deal with as
soon as possible;
7.7.12.4 Ask maintainer to check power failure protection and monitor closely the
normal operation of another bus.
7.7.13 Accumulator battery on fire
7.7.13.1 Open the disconnecting link of accumulator battery.
7.7.13.2 Switch the bus load electrified by the faulty battery to the by the power supply
of another normal bus.
7.7.13.3 Notify fire department.
7.7.13.4 Put out fire with carbon dioxide or carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers.
7.7.13.5 Gas mask shall be equipped when putting out fire.
7.8 Generator Fault
7.8.1 Overload of generator
During the normal operation, it is not allowable for to operate under overloaded. In the
case of accident, generator can operate under overloaded for a short time but not
more than 2 times per year, with a time interval of not less than 30min. Generator
adopts inverse-time-lag overload protection, when generator is overloaded 1.2 times,
the maximum running time shall be 60s and generator shall be separated and
stopped.
7.8.2 Three-phase unbalanced and current exceeding rated value on generator
During operation, if there is three-phase unbalanced and current exceeding 8% of

rated current on generator, then it needs to check first it this is caused by meter or
circuit failure on mutual inductor. If not, stator current shall be reduced until not more
than rated value, at the same time monitor closely the temperature of all parts of
generator. If find any unusual temperature rise and increased imbalance current,
generator shall be stopped urgently.
7.8.3 Unbalanced load operation of generator
When generator is operating with unbalanced load, if continuous negative-sequence

current does not exceed 6.6% of rated current and current of each of phase is not
more than rated current, it is allowable for generator to operate for long time.
7.8.4 Evidence of generator stator is grounded
Signal “Generator Stator Grounded” is issued. Fault recorder is activated.
7.8.5 Measures for grounding of generator stator
7.8.5.1 If protection operation generator trips off, this can be treated the same as main
switch tripping.
7.8.5.2 If generator fails to trip, check if there is any water leakage, and if any
generator PT fault, check thoroughly against meter, if confirm this is due to grounding
of generator stator, generator shall be stopped urgently for further treatment.
7.8.6 Evidence of generator rotor is grounded
Generator rotor grounding symbol
Signal "One Point Grounding Fault of Generator Rotor “is issued. Fault recorder is
activated.

7.8.7 Measures for grounding of generator rotor
7.8.7.1 If generator trips out, this can be treated the same as protection operation
outage.
7.8.7.2 Check thoroughly the excitation system to see if any clear grounding. If there
is loss of excitation or step-out occurring on generator while grounding, the generator
shall be separated and stopped immediately.
7.8.7.3 Coordinate with maintainer to confirm if grounding point is located inside or

outside of rotor.
7.8.7.4 If grounding point is outside rotor, it shall be tried to be eliminated by

maintenance staff.
7.8.7.5 If grounding point is inside rotor, it shall be reported to Chief Forman, and the
generator shall be stopped for repairing promptly.
7.8.8 Evidence of generator becoming into synchronous motor running
7.8.8.1 Active power is shown below zero.
7.8.8.2 Reactive power is shown increasing.
7.8.8.3 Stator current drops down, voltage rises up.
7.8.8.4 Voltage and current of rotor remains unchanged.
7.8.8.5 Signal “Generator Reverse Power Trip” is issued. Fault recorder is activated.
7.8.9 Measures for generator becoming into synchronous motor running
7.8.9.1 If generator protection operation trips out, this can be treated the same as
protection operation outage.
7.8.9.2 If protection operation fails, report it to Chief Foreman, generator shall be

stopped as per the situation of steam turbine.
7.8.10 Evidence of loss of excitation of generator

7.8.10.1 Voltage and current of rotor is close to zero.
7.8.10.2 Stator voltage drops down and current increases significantly.
7.8.10.3 Active load waves and reduce and reactive load is shown below zero.
7.8.10.4 Signal "loss of Excitation Protection Action” is issued. Fault recorder

activated.
7.8.11 Measures for loss of excitation of generator
After loss of excitation of generator, operation program of excitation-loss protection of

generator will trip and generator will stop. If excitation-loss protection do not work or
switch fail to trip, the generator shall be shut down immediately.
After generator being separated, shall check thoroughly excitation circuit, if no

problem, generator shall be quickly synchronized into the system.
7.8.12 Reasons for oscillation and step-out of generator
a) As a result of system failure.
b) Caused by loss/lack of excitation of generator.
c) Caused by faulty operation or improper protection by operator.
7.8.13 Evidence of oscillation and step-out of generator
7.8.13.1 Ammeter of stator swings back and forth, current is usually more than rated
value.
7.8.13.2 Voltmeter of stator swings dramatically; voltage is usually more than rated
value.
7.8.13.3 Wattmeter of active/reactive power swings dramatically.
7.8.13.4 Ammeter of rotor swings above or below normal value.
7.8.13.5 Generator emits rhythmic noise, which beats together with the swing of
meter.

7.8.13.6 If generator and system oscillates synchronously, then meters of generators

will swing in the same way as that of system; if generator and system oscillates
asynchronously, then meters of generators will swing on the other way round with that
of system, step-out protection action will stop, and fault recorder will be activated.
7.8.14 Measures for oscillation and step-out of generator
7.8.14.1 Reduce active power of generators.
7.8.14.2 When adopting manual excitation, increase excitation current of generator.

When using automatic excitation, it is strictly prohibited to disturb the operation of
excitation regulator.
7.8.14.3 If the oscillation is due to wrong synchronization of generators, the generator

shall be separated immediately.
7.8.14.4 If the oscillation occurs on generator and system and step-out protection
does not work, generator shall be separated immediately.
7.8.14.5 If the oscillation caused by the system, it need to increase the excitation
current of generator, maintain the system voltage, and deal with it in accordance with
instructions by Dispatch Stuff and Chief Foreman.
7.8.15 Main switch of generator tripping
7.8.15.1 Check what this is kind of protection operation, determine the nature of
failure and notify maintainer.
7.8.15.2 If this is a faulty operation by workers, it needs not to check generator, and
generator shall be boosted and synchronized according to the instruction by Chief
Foreman.
7.8.15.3 After eliminating failure and there is not any more problems on all aspects,
then generator can be re-incorporated into electric network.
7.8.15.4 If there is fault on only one circuit breaker, after confirming no further problem,
generator can conduct parallel operation.
7.8.16 Inconsistent three-phase position of main switch of generator
7.8.16.1 During normal operation, open-phase operation of one of switch happens, if

open-phase protection has tripped three phases, do not try to close it any longer,
inform maintainer to resolve it.
7.8.16.2 During step-out and outage, If open phase is caused by switch fault of
generator, the main throttle valve of steam turbine shall be not closed and maintain a
rotating rate of 3,000rpm.
7.8.16.3 Re-synchronize the generator-transformer unit with the system and notify
maintainer to resolve it.
7.8.16.4 If main throttle valve has been closed or generator-transformer unit cannot be
synchronized with system, it is required to open all switches adjacent to the failed
switch immediately.
7.8.16.5 If single-phase fault of circuit makes main switch single-phase trip, at this
time, the operator shall not disturb reclosing action.
7.8.17 Generator fails to boost voltage
7.8.17.1 Check if voltmeter of generator stator is normal or not, and if voltmeter/

ammeter of excitation indicates correctly.
7.8.17.2 Check if de-excitation switch of generator is well closed, if generator can start
excitation, and if startup excitation power is normal.
7.8.17.3 Check if PT secondary automatic switch of generator is well contacted, and if

primary fuse works normally.
7.8.17.4 Check if regulator is normal, and if DC power supply of regulator is good.
7.8.17.5 Check if excitation transformer is well running.
7.8.17.6 Check if carbon brush of generator is well contacted.
7.8.17.7 Check if rectifier cabinet works normally.

7.8.18 Conditions of emergency outage of generator
1) Endangering personal safety.
2) Strong vibration of generators.
3) Temperature of stator /rotor of generator increasing dramatically and reaching the

limit value or temperature difference are up to limit value.
7.8.19 Excitation system failures
7.8.20 During the following conditions, transformer can be disabled after getting
instruction:
1) Sustained abnormal sound which trends to increase.
2) Prediction device for transformer failure alarms or content curve of decomposed

gases looks abnormal.
3) Sealant protrudes out with a serious oil leak.
4) Bushing damage, oil impregnation, evidence of discharging and spark tracking.
5) Insulating oil looks deep dark, feculent, and its viscosity, acidity, ash content is
increasing.
6) Lead terminal gets loosening, overheating and discoloring.
7) When load, ambient temperature and cooling conditions remains unchanged, while
the temperature of oil and winding of transformer rise up abnormally.
8) During all of main protection stop from running.
7.8.21 When temperature of transformer rises up and exceeds the allowable value,
the following examination shall be conducted:
1) Check if thermometer indicates correctly.
2) Check the operation of cooling device of transformer and the ventilation of

transformer room.

3) If there is cooling device failure, the load of transformer shall reduced so that to
allow the oil temperature of transformer to increase up to the allowable value.
4) If confirm that oil temperature increase abnormally, the transformer shall stop
running immediately.
7.8.22 Although oil temperature of transformer falls within the maximum allowed value,
the maximum is higher 10℃ above that under the same load and cooling conditions, it
shall be regarded as an abnormal temperature rise. Abnormal temperature rise may
be caused by the following reasons:
1) Tap switch is poorly contacted.
2) Tap of each of part is overheating.
3) Short circuit between inter-turns of coils.
4) There are anomalies such as short circuit or eddy between iron core and silicon
sheets.
5) Abnormal work of coolers.
7.8.23 When oil level of transformer is significantly lower than that shall be required at
the time, it is necessary to find out the reasons and notify the maintainer to refuel.
During re-filling, heavy gas protection shall be switched from tripping to signal.
7.8.24 If one of the following circumstances occurs on transformer and the protection
fails to trip, the transformer shall be stop from running immediately:
1) There is non-uniform noise and explosion sound inside transformer.
2) Bushing cracks with flashover and discharging.
3) Transformer is smoking and on fire, and pressure relief valve pressure release
valve is activated.
4) Lead terminal melts down.
5) There is serious oil leak on transformer, which cannot be stopped.

6) Under the normal load and cooling conditions, top oil temperature or coil
temperature exceeds the limit value and is increasing dramatically.
7) Over-excitation of transformer reaches limit value, and the protection fails to trip.
8) Person electric shock occurs and cannot be separated from the power supply.
7.8.25 Measures for differential protection
1) Check if there is any short circuit, flashover and damage trace on all electrical
equipments within the scope of protection.
2) Check if transformer has been painted, and if temperature and color of oil is normal.
3) Close disconnecting links on each side of transformer, measure the insulation

resistance, and notify maintainer to measure their DC resistance hence to determine if
there is any fault inside transformer.
4) If finds no problem on the above checks, then check DC circuit of differential

protection, if there is any differential protection faulty operation, it shall promptly
identify the reasons, after the elimination of the fault, the transformer can be put into
operation. If there is protection defect which cannot be eliminated temporarily, after
getting approval of Chief foreman, then differential protection can be released,
transformer can be put into operation, but gas protection must be put into tripping.
7.8.26 Reasons for gas protection failure:
1) In the process of oil filtering and refueling process, air enters inside transformer.
2) Temperature drop making oil level is too low.
3) Transformer internal fault, decompose a little of gas.
4) Secondary circuit fault of gas protection.
7.8.27 Measures for gas protection failure:
1) Check if oil level of transformer is normal, and if there is oil leak.
2) Check if there is any discharging noise and abnormal sound on transformer.

3) Check if there is gas inside gas relay, if yes, it is required to sample gas and
analyze and observe the color of gas. In addition, gas release test shall be conducted
and gas shall be sampled according to "Safety Code".
4) If the failure reason is that there is air in oil, it is required to release air and record
exactly signal failure time, if interval between successive failures is shortened, shall
report to Chief Engineer, and change the heavy gas protection signal to signal or
switch it to operation under backup transformer.
7.8.28 Heavy gas protection failure
When gas protection has been put into signal position and hence signal “Heavy Gas
Failure” is issued, it shall be switched to operation under backup transformer, If while
signal “Heavy Gas Failure” is appearing, the current of transformer is getting normal,
then the transformer shall stop running immediately.
7.8.29 Measures for heavy gas protection tripping
1) Check if the upper oil temperature / level is normal, and if explosion-proof tubes
and other parts have been oil painted.
2) When heavy gas traps and light gas issues signal, shall check the failure situation
of gas relay and need to analyze gas oiliness, the transformer cannot be put into
operation unless passed through a test inspection.
3) After analysis and confirmation that there is no abnormity on transformer, it is

required to check the circuit of gas protection. If the failure is indeed caused by gas
protection faulty operation, shall put gas protection into signal, and then generator can
be put into operation. At this time, differential protection of transformer shall be put
into tripping. Gas protection cannot be put into operation unless maintain team has
checked and confirmed there is no abnormity.
7.8.30 Analyze and identify the gas inside gas relay
1) If it is colorless, tasteless and nonflammable gas, this means there is air inside

transformer.
2) If it is gray or steel grey gas with odor, this means paper insulation fault on
transformer.
3) If it is yellow non-flammable gas, this shall be wood-based material fault.
4) If it is black flammable gas, this shall be carbide decomposition due to insulating oil
internal fault.
7.8.31 If found internal latent defects by chromatographic study in running transformer

oil, and found the found the following situation during follow-up abnormalities, it is
necessary to call for transformer outage for treatment:
1) Total hydrocarbon of overheat failure is developed up to thousands of μL/L, and

acetylene appears during development of total hydrocarbon.
2) Total hydrocarbon of overheat failure is developed up to 5/6 thousands of μL/L, with

a relative gas production rate of greater than 20%.
3) Acetylene content of discharge fault increase 1~2μL/L daily, on the basis of

attention value (5μL/L) specified by Chromatography Guidelines, after analysis this
result is correct and confirmed to be discharge on coil by Partial Discharge Ultrasonic
Positioning Test.
7.8.32 Transformer on fire
1) Cut off the power immediately, put out the fire with dry powder or CO2 fire
extinguisher and notify the fire brigade. It is strictly prohibited to fight fire with any
liquid before cutting off the power supply.
2) Disable the cooling device.
3) If the transformer cap is on fire, open the emergency oil release throttle to make oil
level below the fire, and it is shall not be allowed to bring out the flame.
7.8.33 Cooling power of transformer disappears

1) Record accurate outage time of the cooling device.
2) Identify the reasons promptly and restore the running of cooling device as soon as
possible.
3) Reduce the load of transformer to the specified value and make sure that oil
temperature of transformer shall not exceed the specified value.
4) If power fails to be restored, and the upper oil temperature of transformer has
reached the specified value or the duration of full stop of cooler has reached up to
specified value, the transformer shall stop running.
7.8.34 Abnormal operation and the corresponding measures for SF6 switch, vacuum
switch and air switch:
7.8.34.1 Check circuit breaker refusing to close:
1) Close the control circuit to see if circuit power is normal, if small switch of control
power is proper closed, if there is broken wire on circuit, and if control power switch is
breaking.
2) Check if control switch and synchronizing switch is well contacted.
3) During synchronization, check if synchronized circuit is well working, and if any

failure caused by synchronized latch-up.
4) If "Remote/local” selector switch is corresponding with the operation.
5) If auxiliary contact is well contacted, and if any mechanism is damaged or jammed.
6) If any latch-up caused by SF6 pneumatic pressure or air pressure.
7) If all contacts on reclosing latching relay are well contacted.
8) If contacts on anti-hop relay is well contacted.
9) If reclosing relay and reclosing coil is broken, jammed or poorly contacted.
10) If any failure on auxiliary power switch caused by thermal or electrical latch-up
closed contacts.
7.8.34.2 Check for circuit breaker refusing to trip:
1) Check if trip circuit has been electrified, if there is broken wire on circuit, and if
control power switch is tripping.
2) Check if control switch is well contacted.
3) If mode selector switch is corresponding with the operation.
4) If auxiliary contact is well contacted, and if any mechanism is damaged or jammed.
5) If any latch-up caused by SF6 gas pressure or mechanical pressure.
6) If latching relay works and is well contacted.
7) If tripping relay and tripping coil is broken, burning, jammed or poorly contacted.
7.8.34.3 Measures for circuit breaker refusing to trip and not being eliminated:
1) For 138kV system, shall contact with Dispatch Stuff to call for leapfrog power
cutting or other alternatives.
2) For 13.8kV, 4.16kV or 480V switch, shall adopt manual tripping immediately. If still
fails to trip, shall report to Chief Foreman and open the higher-level.
3) Before trouble shooting completed, do not put any circuit breaker refusing to trip
into operation again.
4) Circuit breaker refusing to trip/reclose, if this is due to equipment or itself problem,

shall notify maintainer to deal with.
7.8.34.4 During operation, if the following situation takes place, circuit breaker shall
call for an immediate outage.
1) Pneumatic pressure of pneumatic operation mechanism drops to zero.
2) SF6 gas leaks and cannot supplement gas on power when being electrified.
3) When porcelain isolator of circuit breaker is severely damaged and serious

discharge or leakage happens.

4) When lead gets loosening at contacts or overheating or flushing.
5) When secondary equipment is damaged affecting the normal operation of circuit

breakers.
6) When fire or personal electric shock happens on circuit breaker, the circuit breaker
shall stop running immediately.
7.8.35 Bus and disconnecting link
7.8.35.1 Measures for overheating of bus and disconnecting link:
1) When temperature exceeds 70℃ and if can be switched to backup equipment,

shall switch to backup equipment and then stop bus and disconnecting link from
running.
2) If there is no backup equipment available, the load shall be so adjusted that the
temperature drops to below 70℃.
3) Take temporary cooling measures, after the load satisfying the requirement, ask for
outage for further treatment.
7.8.35.2 Measures for opening/reclosing of disconnecting link with load:
1) Shall not be opened after reclosing with load.
2) Do not reclose the disconnecting link after opening with load.
7.8.36 Voltage transformer and current transformer
7.8.36.1 Evidence of secondary voltage of voltage transformer disappearing
1) Signal "Voltage Circuit is Broken” is issued.
2) The corresponding voltmeter indicates to zero, watt-hour meter will not turn.
3) The corresponding active/indicative meter indicates dropping or even to zero.
4) Signal light of voltage monitor relay is on accordingly or signal relay drops.
5) Relevant fault recorder fault.

7.8.36.2 Measures for secondary voltage of voltage transformer disappearing:
1) Identify failed voltage transformer and monitor the operation with ammeter.
2) Check on abnormal voltage transformer secondary circuit, to see if there is any

short circuit, loosening, broken line, and if the corresponding switch and fuse trips or
melts down.
3) As for secondary switch tripping or fuse melting down, can be given one more trial,
if still fails, shall notify maintainer to deal with.
Related protection on outage
4) If melted fuse of 13.8kV bus voltage transformer cannot be restored immediately,

shall disconnect the DC small switch of bus low-voltage protection.
If high-voltage fuse melts down, shall cut off the power supply and measure the
insulation and ask maintainer to deal with.
7.8.36.3 Evidence of main body fault of voltage transformer:
1) Over-heating on main body.
2) There are discharge and abnormal noise inside body.
3) Secondary switch trips or fuse does not work.
4) Secondary voltage may increase or decrease, grounding signal may be issued.
7.8.36.4 Measures for main body fault of voltage transformer:
1) Report immediately to Chief Foreman and ask for outage for further treatment.
2) Disable failed voltage transformer, can only be fulfilled by switch, and shall ask for
switching operation.
3) If voltage transformer is on fire, shall disconnect immediately the power and put out
fire with dry-type fire extinguisher or sand.
7.8.36.5 Evidence of open circuit of current transformer secondary circuit:

1) Main body of current transformer buzzes.
2) Spark discharge occurs on open-circuit.
3) Related ammeter and active/reactive watt meter indicates to zero.
4) Related disconnection signal of protection CT secondary circuit is issued.
7.8.36.6 Measures for open circuit of current transformer secondary circuit:
1) Report immediately to concerned persons, disable related protection and inform

relay protection persons.
2) According to the evidence, check current transformer secondary circuit to find out
open circuit. During checking, necessary measures shall be taken against electric
shock.
3) If open circuit is obvious, wear insulated boots and gloves immediately and connect
the open circuit or connect at terminal before open circuit.
4) When identify open circuit at secondary terminal of current transformer, if cannot

conduct shirt-circuit handling, shall ask immediately Dispatch Stuff for outage for
further treatment.
If the main body is still buzzing after short-circuit, this means internal open-circuit,
shall ask for should apply for outage for further treatment.
5) Where check current transformer circuit, it is necessary to pay attention to safety

and use qualified insulated tools.
6) If the second open-circuit caused a fire, it must cut off the power supply first, then
put out fire with fire extinguisher to prevent fire spreading.
7.8.36.7 Measures against fire on transformer:
1) Try to cut off the power with switch and put out fire quickly with dry powder or
carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers.
2) Take immediate measures to prevent the spread of fire.

7.8.37 Measures against fire on cables:
1) Cut off the power immediately.
2) Put out fire with carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide or sand, it is prohibited to put
out fire with foam extinguisher or water.
3) When cable pit is on fire, shall close all of doors, windows and ventilation
equipments, after putting out fire, and re-open them to ventilated bad gases.
4) Any person entering to cable pit for fire-fighting, shall wear gas masks, insulated
gloves and insulated boots etc.
5) Do not touch any earth-free metals, steel armored cables and removal cables
during fire-fighting.
7.8.38 If cable encounters the following circumstances, it is required to cut off the
power supply immediately
1) Cable explodes, on fire or is smoking.
2) Insulation breakdown, ground discharge.
7.8.39 When electrical equipment is on fire, it is necessary to cut off the power supply
first, then put out fire with fire extinguishers. If fire happens nearby which may cause
danger risk against electrical equipments, shall stop the operation of electrical
equipments and cut off the power supply.

HTP-ER-OM-A-3 Operation Regulation For Electric System

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HTP-ER-OM-A-3 Operation Regulation For Electric System

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O&M Harbin Huitong Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd.

Ecuador Esmeraldas II Thermoelectricity Project Electric

Huang Chao Jiang Peng Tie Sijia

2014-01-01 Operation Regulation

Harbin Huitong Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd

Serial No.：HTP-ER-OM-A-3 R e v. 0 Issued Date:01/01/2014

6 Relay Protection of Generator Unit ......................................................................................... 84

Serial No.：HTP-ER-OM-A-3 R e v. 0 Issued Date:01/01/2014

1 Unit Overall Design

The generator is synchronous generator, be designed to operate together with a

Excitation system is brushless excitation mode. Excitation power is supplied directly

Main transformer adopts a three-phase oil-immersed transformer, with its outlet

Generator and transformer adopt microprocessor-based relay protection produced by

2.1 Generator Insulation Level

2.1.1 Insulation level of generator’s stators & rotors are classified as F

2.1.2 Generator specific parameters:

S/N Name Unit Design Value

1 Specifications & Model

Generator Model AMG 1120MP12 DSE

Rated capacity SN kVA 9823

Rated power PN kW 8350

Rated power factor cosφN 0.85

Rated voltage of stator UN kV 13.8

Rated current stator IN A 411

Rated rotating speed nN r/min 600

Rated excitation voltage UfN V 77.2

Rated excitation current IfN A 9

No-load excitation voltage V 30.2

No-load excitation current A 3.5

Serial No.：HTP-ER-OM-A-3 R e v. 0 Issued Date:01/01/2014

S/N Name Unit Design Value

Stator coil connection mode YY

Cooling method IC0A1

Excitation mode brushless excitation

Short circuit ratio: 0,67

1,8 p.u. (rated excitation)

1950 (symmetric RMS)

Voltage drop at sudden increase of rated

Voltage rise at sudden drop of rated load: 27 %

Steady state reactive loading at rated

Steady state reactive loading at zero

Serial No.：HTP-ER-OM-A-3 R e v. 0 Issued Date:01/01/2014

S/N Name Unit Design Value

Rated load torque (Calculated of rated

Stored energy constant (rotative energy

Earth capacitance (1-phase): 0,09 µF

Accuracy level and capacity:

Transformation ratio Accuracy level Capacity

800/5A 5P20 20VA

800/5A 5P20 20VA

500/1A 0.5 5VA

2.2 Basic Technical Parameters of the Main Transformer

Serial No.：HTP-ER-OM-A-3 R e v. 0 Issued Date:01/01/2014

Type: outdoor, three phase, oil-immersed, double copper coil windings.

Cooling method: forced oil-circulated air-cooled.

Rated frequency: 60Hz

Rated capacity: 63 MVA

Rated voltage: High-voltage side: 147.5 kV

Low-voltage side: 13.8kV

Rated Current: High-voltage side: 246.6A

Low-voltage side: 2635.8A

Marking of transformer connection group: YN, d11