DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT (DIM)

MAY SEMESTER / 2022

BDK01103

BASIC INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

CONTENT PAGE

1. Introduction 1-2

2. Definition of self awareness 2

3. Self awareness basic theory and elements

to form a good interpersonal communication 3-5

4. Conclusion 6

5. References 7
1. INTRODUCTION

Interpersonal communication is the process of exchange of information, ideas

and feelings between two or more people through verbal or non-verbal
methods. It often includes face-to-face exchange of information, in a form of
voice, facial expressions, body language and gestures. Although interpersonal
communication is most often between pairs of individuals, it can also be
extended to include small intimate groups such as the family. Interpersonal
communication can take place in face-to-face settings, as well as through
platforms such as social media.

In the process of interpersonal communication there are certain elements

were involved, they are as follows ;

The communicators - The communicators refer to the sender and the

receiver. The sender is the person who sends the message and receiver is
the person who receives the message. For the occurrence of Interpersonal
communication there should be at least two individuals, one to send the
message and other to receive the message.

The message - It is the idea conveyed through speech, facial expression,

body language, tone of voice, gestures and other verbal and non-verbal
means. The non-verbal means have the ability to bear additional information
such as the persons attitude and interests.

Noise - Noise refers to any sort of distortion causes to the message while it is
sent. The noise causes differences in what is received from what is sent. The
background sound of a jet while talking is a kind of noise, the other kind of
noise include the use of complicated jargon, inappropriate body language,
inattention, disinterest, cultural differences, and language difference.

Feedback - Feedback is the respond of the receiver, it comprises the

message he sends back. Feedback enables the sender to know how
accurately the message is being received and how it is being interpreted. The
feedback includes respond for the intentional as well as unintentional
message. The feedback can be even in the form of a gesture.

Context - How the message is being interpreted is mostly depend on the

context he receives the message. The process of communication is
influenced by the context it occurs. The emotional climate and expectations of
the people, the place of occurrence, and social, political cultural and
environmental conditions comprise context.

Channel - Channel is the means through which communication happen. The

message is sent and received through the channel. It is also referred as the
medium through which message transmitted. The speech and vision are the
channels in a face to face communication whereas the cable or
electromagnetic waves in a communication through telephone.

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Author Kory Floyd suggests that a competent communicator is one who
communicates "in ways that are effective and appropriate in a given situation".
He offers that competent communicators have five characteristics in common.
Which is, self awareness, adaptability, empathy, cognitive complexity and
ethics. In this task we will learn about the self awareness that will form a good
interpersonal communication.

2. DEFINITION OF SELF AWARENESS

What is self awareness? Self awareness is the ability to understand your

behaviour and its effect on others. The ability to modify said behaviour based
on situation or setting. Alain Morin (2011) states, "self-awareness represents
the capacity of becoming the object of one’s own attention. In this state one
actively identifies, processes, and stores information about the self." This
requires us to understand perception, it's origin, and application to our
interpersonal relationships.

There are two distinct kinds of self-awareness. They are ;

Public self-awareness - Being aware of how we can appear to others.

Because of this consciousness, we are more likely to adhere to social
norms and behave in ways that are socially acceptable.

While there are benefits to this type of awareness, there is also the danger
of tipping into self-consciousness. Those who are especially high in this
trait may spend too much time worrying about what others think of them.

Private self -awareness - Private self-awareness: Being able to notice and

reflect on one’s internal state. Those who have private self-awareness are
introspective, approaching their feelings and reactions with curiosity.

For example, you may notice yourself tensing up as you are preparing for
an important meeting. Noticing the physical sensations and correctly
attributing them to your anxiety about the meeting would be an example of
private self-awareness.

When self-awareness tips into self-consciousness, we are reluctant to

share certain aspects of ourselves. We develop a persona that lacks
authenticity.

Through self awareness it gives us the power to influences people. Besides,

we will become a better decision-makers that gives us more self confidence.
In other hand, it allows us to understand things from multiple perspective,
frees us from our assumptions and biases and helps us to build better
relationship with other.

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3. SELF AWARENESS BASIC THEORY AND ELEMENTS TO FORM A
GOOD INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

In social psychology, Self-awareness has been called "arguably the most

fundamental issue in psychology, from both a developmental and an
evolutionary perspective. The theory of self-awareness is traced to Shelley
Duval and Robert Wicklund’s (1972) landmark theory of self-awareness.
Duval and Wicklund proposed that, at a given moment, people can focus
attention on the self or on the external environment. Focusing on the self
enables self-evaluation. When self-focused, people compare the self
with standards of correctness that specify how the self ought to think, feel,
and behave. The process of comparing the self with standards allows people
to change their behavior and to experience pride and dissatisfaction with the
self. Self-awareness is thus a major mechanism of self-control. However, self-
awareness is not to be confused wit self-control.

Research since the 1970s has strongly supported self-awareness theory

(Duval and Silvia 2001). When people focus attention on the self, they
compare the self with standards, try harder to meet standards, and show
stronger emotional responses to meeting or failing to meet a standard. The
tendency to change the self to match a standard depends on other variables,
particularly perceptions of how hard it will be to attain the standard.
Remarkably, many experiments have shown that when people are not self-
focused, their actions are often unrelated to their personal standards—self-
awareness is needed for people to reduce disparities between their actions
and their ideals.

In one of Andreas Demetriou's neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive

development, self-awareness develops systematically from birth through the
life span and it is a major factor for the development of general inferential
processes.  Moreover, a series of recent studies showed that self-awareness
about cognitive processes participates in general intelligence on a par with
processing efficiency functions, such as working memory, processing speed,
and reasoning.

Albert Bandura's theory of self-efficacy builds on our varying degrees of self-

awareness. It is "the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the
courses of action required to manage prospective situations." A person's
belief in their ability to succeed sets the stage to how they think, behave and
feel. Someone with a strong self-efficacy, for example, views challenges as
mere tasks that must be overcome, and are not easily discouraged by
setbacks. They are aware of their flaws and abilities and choose to utilize
these qualities to the best of their ability. Someone with a weak sense of self-
efficacy evades challenges and quickly feels discouraged by setbacks. They
may not be aware of these negative reactions, and therefore do not always
change their attitude. This concept is central to Bandura's social cognitive
theory, "which emphasizes the role of observational learning, social
experience, and reciprocal determinism in the development of personality.

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Self-awareness theory was enriched by new research methods. According to
the theory, anything that makes people focus attention on the self will
increase self-awareness. Researchers accomplish this by placing people in
front of large mirrors, videotaping them, having people listen to recordings of
their voices, or making people feel like they stick out. Momentary levels of
self-awareness are measured by people’s use of self-referential words and
pronouns and by how quickly people recognize self-relevant information.

Self-awareness theory remains a fruitful and controversial theory. One new

direction is the application of self-awareness theory to clinical disorders
involving negative self-evaluation as example is a depression and excessive
self-consciousness such as social anxiety. One controversy, reviewed by Paul
Silvia and Guido Gendolla (2001), is whether self-awareness enables
accurate judgments of the self. Many researchers have proposed that self-
awareness creates clearer perceptions of internal states, emotions, and traits.
Other researchers, however, have noted that the self-concept is fluid,
complex, and contextual—it is not a static object that can simply be
apprehended and examined. Ironically, by making some aspects of the self
especially salient, self-awareness may exaggerate and bias judgments of
what the self is like.

Through all the theory, self awareness also have fours basic element which is
help to form a good interpersonal communication. The basic element is :

Self-concept - Your self-concept is your perception of you. Your perceptions

come from your personal experiences, what you expect from yourself in the
future, and what you believe your abilities are. If your self-concept is healthy,
you are more likely to take on challenges, achieve goals you’ve set for
yourself, and live more positively overall.

Explore your self-concept and if you don’t believe it’s healthy, make an effort
to change how you perceive yourself. This may be easier for some people
and much harder for others — but it is possible.

Feelings - How do you feel when you say things about yourself? What about
when other people say things about you? No matter what your feelings are,
you must identify which are associated with your thoughts and experiences.

Once you can identify those feelings, keep track of them and see if there are
any patterns. Notice yourself starting down a negative pattern? Take steps to
avoid continuing going down with it.

Body - Sometimes when we’re thinking, it comes with a physical response

that other people may or may not notice! The next time you feel a physical
response to an emotion, take a couple of minutes to think where in your body
you feel the response. Do the feelings present in your facial expressions,
heart rate, voice, or somewhere else? Is this the kind of physical response
you want? If not, there are ways to retrain those knee-jerk reactions.

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Thoughts - Our thoughts are tied to our emotions, so when we try to become
more aware of our emotions, we must first understand our thoughts and
thought processes. Throughout the day, take note of what you say about
yourself, how you talk about yourself, and what you say about situations you
encounter.

If you notice your thoughts are more negative, practice mindfulness to

discover why your thoughts are that way. Then, after reflecting, try to have
more positive thoughts or thought processes. You might have to force it —
you might not even believe it! But over time, it will influence your thoughts to
be more positive.

Emotions - Emotions are the most powerful factor in how we interact with
others. People with higher levels of emotional intelligence are able to
recognize and accept their varying emotional states. Knowing what emotional
state you’re in can go a long way toward enhancing your professional and
personal relationships!

If you fail to recognize these responses, you will find it difficult to process your
emotions and move past them. By effectively managing these five elements,
you will be able to control emotional outbursts and work toward much more
effective communication and an overall healthier, happier demeanor.

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4. CONCLUSION

Through this task we learn on how this self self awareness can form a good
interpersonal communication. As we learn that interpersonal communication is
to exchange information between two or more people and to seeks the
understanding of humans on how to use verbal and nonverbal cues to
accomplish a number of personal and relations goals. Through the process of
interpersonal communication, we also learn there are certain elements that
involved in the process. Which is, the communicator, message, noise,
feedback, context and channel.

Meanwhile, self awareness is the ability to understands your behaviour and

how it effects other peoples. It is important to note that it is not just the
perception of the listener that is important, but also the speaker; this is where
self-awareness becomes a focal point. The conveyor of the information must
take into account his/her own perceptions in order to understand how to best
convey information to those who are listening or receiving the information.
Understanding that words are abstract products of the mind, and though many
often like to think of words as concrete ideas that are completely objective,
this is not the case. People identify with different ideas based on their
personal background and knowledge, thus, their perception of common
ideas/words may differ radically based on experience, culture, mother
language, previous jobs, etc.

In my conclusion, through all theories and the elements of self-awareness that

we have learn on how these self-awareness form a good interpersonal
communication is because self-awareness helps us to be more comfortable
with our-self so we can relate to others with genuine confidence and kindness
and allows us to get out of the way and let people tell us what’s important to
them without letting our stuff complicate the interaction. In other hand, self-
awareness gives us the ability to shift from always having to talk to listening to
people instead. Besides, it is helps us to communicate with other on a deeper
level because we make them feel valued and important. Self-awareness also
helps us to understand how others see us and how we can adapt to make
more meaningful connections and build stronger relationships with others.

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REFERENCES

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Self-Perception: Does Self-Focused Attention Enable Accurate Self-
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