NAME: VAINESS DOREEN KAPOSA

COMPUTER NUMBER:23000044

TITLE: ASSIGNMENT 1

SCHOOL:CHRESO UNIVERSITY

PROGRAM: BSC IN PUBLIC HEALTH

DUE DATE:17th FEBRURY 2023

LECTURE:MR CHIMFWEMBE

.QUESTION: VIRUSES CAUSES MORE SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

COMPARED TO PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC ORGANISMS.WITH EXAMPLES
WRITE FOR OR AGAINST THIS ASSERTIONS
INTRODUCTION

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are caused by micro organism which are pathogen the
micro organism are viruses, bacteria and parasites, which are sexually transmitted
infections through sexually contact.

Virus is a tiny infection particle that can reproduce on by infecting a host cell, viruses are
not considered living nor VIRUSES have cells and sexually transmitted viruses are listed
below: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Human papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis B
and Genital Herpes etc.

Prokaryotic cell is a type of a cell that does not have a true nucleus or membrane sexually
transmitted infections caused by prokaryotic ( bacterial) are: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea and
syphilis.

Eukaryotic cell contains membrane bound organelles such as a nucleus initochondria and
an endoplasmic reticulum a sexually transmitted infections is parasites called
Trichomoniasis
To start with, viruses can cause STIS because of their nature. This is because viruses have
spike which enable the to stick or attach to the host cell, Due to this reason, viruses are said
to be big contributor of sexually transmitted infections due to the characteristics started
above.

Below are the examples of sexually transmitted infections.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections is considered by many to be the most

serious (STI) because of it multiple debilitabing manifestation, the human
immunodeficiency virus has been known for over 35years.

According to World Healthy Organization.2017,it is responsible for causing the breakdown

of human immune system and 90% of people are sexually infected by HIV.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the common sexually transmitted infection in the United
States with approximately 90% of woman having occurred an infection by the age of 50
and more than 90 percent of sexually active men and 80 percent sexually active women.
And all sexually active people can encounter it within their lifetime.

According to James C,Harfouche M, Weston NJ,et (2020) Genital Herpes it is caused by

Herpes Simplex virus (HSV).

It is estimated that out of 5 sexually active people will contract the virus.

About a half a billion people world wide are living with Genital Herpes and several billion
have oral herpes infection infact between 75 and 90% of people with Genital Herpes.

Genital warts are caused by HPV affected roughly 340,000 to 360 pay year, about in 100
sexually active adult in the United States has genitals warts at any given time.

According to World Healthy Organization ( 2017) Genital warts are caused by Human
Papilloma virus (HPV) it is the most common viral and it is spread through vagina or anal
sex. And there dozen of type of this virus, some of which will manifest themselves extremely
low risk types are responsible for causing genital warts in an infected individual, the more
serious form of infection is caused by high risk, HPV is responsible for causing
precancerous changes of the cervix the skin of the external genitalia the vagina as well as
the anus. If these are not treated according or detected on time the infracted individual can
develop a malignant tumor and Cancer.

Hepatitis B has infected two billion of people and the number acute hepatitis B cases
reported each year according to www.urologyhealth.org.in United States has remained
relatively stable during 2013—2019. During 2020 the number of reported cases of acute
hepatitis B was 2,157 which corresponds to 14,000 estimated infections after adjusting for
case under a scertainment and underreporting.

Gonorrhea is a very common infection disease the annual more than 700,000 people the
United States get new Gonorrhea infection.

According to Bray F,Feriay J.Soerjomataram I, 2018 and in report based on 2016 global
data which are the latest available showed that among men and women aged between 15
and 49 were 82 million of gonorrhea.

Chlamydia are among the most prevalent of all sexually transmitted infection, according to
WWW.WHO.INT.2016 the cases of Chlamydia were 129 million.

Syphilis has a long history as a sexually transmitted infection, it was first recognized is 15th
century The causative agent of syphilis is the spirochete Treponema Pallidum and it can be
transmitted sexually.human are the only known hosts and transmission is virtually always
by direct contact with infectious lesions generally through sexually contact. CDC estimates
that 74,702 cases of syphilis were diagnosed in a 2015 with the highest incidence of primary
infection 81.7% occurring in men and women.

Trichomoniasis is a parasite under Eukaryotic Organism cell, Trichomoniasis is sexually

transmitted infection results from parasite it is spread through sexually and only 30% of
people with this STI have symptoms, having Trichomoniasis without treatment, the
infection can last for months and even years. there were 156 cases of Trichomoniasis in
2016
CONCLUSION

In conclusion viruses causes more sexually transmitted infection compared to prokaryotic

and Eukaryotic Organism because the level of infection by viruses are higher compared to
bacterial in 2020, WHO estimated 129 of Chlamydia, 82 million of Gonorrhea, 7.1 million
and Trichomoniasis 156 million. More than 490 million people were estimated to be living
with Genital Herpes in 2016 and an estimated 300 million women have HPV infection, the
primary cause of cervical cancer and anal cancer among men who have sex,an estimated
296 million people are living with hepatitis Bacterial are curable while viruses are
incurable.
REFERENCES

James C, Harfouch M, (2016) Global infection.

Bull World Healthy Organization,(2020)

World Healthy Organization (2017), sexually transmitted infection (STIS)fact sheet

http://who.int./mediacenter/factsheet/fs110/en/Accessed 3/5/2017.

Service usdohah.reproductivHealth-STIS(2016) http://www.hhs.gov

Bray F, Feriay J, soerjomataram I, Siegel RL. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN
estimates of incidence and mortality Worldwide.