Accounting (branches of accounting)

1. Financial Accounting (Journal, ledgers, Profit or Loss, Financial Position) (record past
events, summarised information) ($)

2. Management Accounting (future, budget, forecast, costing, investment analysis)

3. Financial Management (Financing (getting the money), Investment)

Profit Asset

DIGI 2,000,000 VV

MAXIS 4,000,000 VVVVV

CELCOM 8,000,000 VVVVVVVVV

4. Forensic Accounting
5. Auditing (External)
6. Taxation
7. Public Sector accounting

Forms of Business

Sole Trader Partnership Company

Owners 1 2-20 1-50 SDN BHD

2-40
professional BHD Unlimited

Private: SDN
BHD

Public (shares
the public)
First:IPO
After: SEO

Public listed:
Listed Stock
Exchanges
(Bursa
Malaysia)

Liabilities Unlimited Unlimited Limited to

liabilities liabilities capital
investment

Taxation Personal tax Personal tax Corporate tax

 (company)

Personal tax
(directors)

Audit No need No need Yes, need to

(requirement)

Financial Statements

Statement of Profit or Loss (Income Statement)

Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet)
Statement of Cash Flow (operation, investment, financing)
Statement of Changes in Equity (changes share and profit)
Notes to financial (explanation of the other statement)

Financial Position

Assets = Equity + Liabilities

10 =4+6

Topic: Financial statement analysis (Exam part B)

Today’s plan:
Assignment Today, one similar question.
Presentation questions: What is the requirements
Balance Scorecard (KPIs)

Performance measure

Perspective Goals Measurement Targets () Stakeholders

method (2)

Financial Improve Percentage of 20% of revenue Increase the

revenue growth changes in growth shareholders
and overall revenue wealth
profit of the
company

Customer Increase the Number of Within a year

customer repeat repeat purchase
satisfaction and purchases. at least 4 times
customer’s
brand loyalty

Internal
business

Learning and Employees

Development/in
novation

Compensations