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  • Pcol Osteoporosis

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    RAMOS, Khristine Joesell
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    Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to brittle bones and increased risk of fractures. There are several types of osteoporosis including post-menopausal osteoporosis caused by decreasing estrogen levels after menopause. Symptoms are usually only noticed once the condition becomes severe. Treatment involves adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation through diet or supplements as well as medications like bisphosphonates, SERMs, calcitonin, and PTH analogs to slow bone loss and reduce fracture risk. Lifestyle factors like weight-bearing exercise can also help reduce osteoporosis risk and progression.

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    Pharmacology- Osteoporosis Notes

    Original Title

    PCOL_OSTEOPOROSIS

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    Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to brittle bones and increased risk of fractures. There are several types of osteoporosis including post-menopausal osteoporosis caused by decreasing estrogen levels after menopause. Symptoms are usually only noticed once the condition becomes severe. Treatment involves adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation through diet or supplements as well as medications like bisphosphonates, SERMs, calcitonin, and PTH analogs to slow bone loss and reduce fracture risk. Lifestyle factors like weight-bearing exercise can also help reduce osteoporosis risk and progression.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 views2 pages

    Pcol Osteoporosis

    Uploaded by

    RAMOS, Khristine Joesell
    Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to brittle bones and increased risk of fractures. There are several types of osteoporosis including post-menopausal osteoporosis caused by decreasing estrogen levels after menopause. Symptoms are usually only noticed once the condition becomes severe. Treatment involves adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation through diet or supplements as well as medications like bisphosphonates, SERMs, calcitonin, and PTH analogs to slow bone loss and reduce fracture risk. Lifestyle factors like weight-bearing exercise can also help reduce osteoporosis risk and progression.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    OSTEOPOROSIS

    ● Decreased bone density, brittle bones.


    ● Traydor. symptoms are felt, when it becomes severe.

    ○OSTEOPENIA- decrease bone mass (common in adults, low levels of calcium)

    ○OSTEOMALACIA- Soft bones

    ○RICKETS- in children, soft bones because of decreased calcification of bones

    TYPES
    1. POST-MENOPAUSAL-
    ● increase bone resorption, decrease calcium in blood
    ● more than 90% of calcium is stored in bones
    ● osteoclast will activate, it will break the bones, when broken, will release calcium
    in the blood.
    2. DRUG INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS
    ● long term use of steroids
    ● thyroid hormones (levothyroxine)
    ● Phenytoin
    ● Phenobarbital
    ● Heparin

    SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
    ○Kyphosis-forward rounding of the back
    ○Lordosis- inward curvature of the lumbar and cervical regions.

    NON-PHARMACOLOGIC TX.
    1. ○Adequate calcium intake-females need 1200 mg/day (4 cups of milk a day)
    2. ○Milk- 300 mg/ cup
    3. ○Vitamin D (fish) - 200 units/day

    TYPES OF CALCIUM PREPARATION


    1. CALCIUM CARBONATE-popular, caltrate, calzyme, calsenate (flatulence- high
    elemental calcium)

    2. BISPHOSPHONATES-
    ● ALENDRONATE
    ● common first line drugs used in osteoporosis.
    ● Reduce fracture to bones.
    ● To inhibit breaking of bones, Inhibit adherence of OSTEOCLAST- will break
    bones to release calcium, bone resorption (COUNSELING- remain standing in
    upright position for 30 minutes)
    3. SERMS
    ● RALOXIFENE
    ● AGOnist- bone
    ○ Indicated for osteoporosis
    ● ANTAGOnist-breast and uterus
    ○ Indicated for Uterine cancer/ breast cancer
    ● ADR- venous thromboembolism- increases blood clots when taking hormones.

    4. CALCITONIN
    ● responsible for the regulation of calcium
    ● Released when too much calcium in the blood.
    ● ADR- epistaxis and rhinitis (intranasal route)

    5. PTH- PARATHYROID HORMONE


    ● opposite of calcitonin
    ● released when there is deficient calcium in blood.
    ● (TERIPARATIDE- analog of PTH).
    ● SECOND LINE TREATMENT for patients with Chronic osteoporosis with high
    risk of fracture.

    6. ESTROGEN- Calcium remains in kidneys, to remain in blood, therefore osteoclast will


    not act to break bones. Too much calcium in blood, PTH will not be released.
    ● BMD-Bone mineral density.

    7. PHYTOESTROGENS- from plants

    8. TESTOSTERONE AND ANABOLIC STEROIDS

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