Conservation of plants and animals:

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 Fill in the blanks:

(a) A place where animals are protected in their natural habitat is called _______.

(b) Species found only in a particular area is known as ______.

(c) Migratory birds fly to far away places because of _______ changes.
QUESTION 1
 WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

(a)A place where animals are protected in their natural habitat is called wildlife sanctuary .

Areas where animals are protected from any disturbance to them and
their habitat is called a wildlife sanctuary.
 ENDEMIC SPECIES

(b) Species found only in a particular area is known as endemic species.

Sal tree Barasingha

Plant and animal species found exclusively in particular area are called as endemic species.
 MIGRATORY BIRDS

(c) Migratory birds fly to far away places because of climatic changes.

Migratory birds generally migrate in winters from colder countries to a

comparatively hotter country like India
 Fill in the blanks:

(a)A place where animals are protected in their natural habitat is called
wildlife sanctuary.

(b)Species found only in a particular area is known as endemic species.

(c)Migratory birds fly to far away places because of climatic changes.

 Differentiate between the following:

(a) Wildlife sanctuary and biosphere reserve

(b) Zoo and wildlife sanctuary

(c) Endangered and extinct species

(d) Flora and fauna

QUESTION 2
(a) Wildlife sanctuary and biosphere reserve

Wildlife sanctuary Biosphere reserve

Areas where animals are protected from Large areas of protected land for
any disturbance to them and their habitat. conservation of wild life, plant and animal
resources and traditional life of the tribals
living in the area.
(b) Zoo and wildlife sanctuary
Zoo
A place where animals are protected in an
artificial habitat, for an exhibition.
Wildlife sanctuary
The area where animal habitats and their
surroundings are protected from any sort of
disturbance.
(c) Endangered species and extinct species

Endangered species Extinct species

The species of animals whose numbers are The species of animals whose number is
diminishing to such a level that they might zero because of changes in their habitat and
face extinction. other calamities.

Dinosaur Cooksonia Nilgiri Tahr Umbrella Tree

(d) Flora and fauna

Flora Fauna
The plants which are found in a particular The animals which are found in a particular
area; e.g.Jamun, sal, etc. area; e.g., leopard, cheetah, elephant, etc.
 Discuss the effects of deforestation on the following:

(a) Wild animals

(b) Environment

(c) Villages (Rural areas)

(d) Cities (Urban areas)

QUESTION 3

(e) Earth

(f) The next generation

 Destruction of wildlife

Destroys environment

Affects agriculture in villages

Causes pollution in cities

Destroys the planet

Harmful for next generation

 Marking scheme

Answer

(a)Deforestation is nothing but the destruction of forests. It

destroys the natural habitat of wild animals.

(b) Deforestation increases pollution and the overall

temperature eventually leading to global warming.
Deforestation definitely has detrimental effects on the
environment.

(c) Deforestation decreases the soil fertility which affects

agriculture in villages. This phenomenon thus also affects
rural lives.

(d)Pollution increases rapidly in cities due to deforestation

which results in physical ailments among the population.
 Marking scheme

Answer

(e) Deforestation decreases soil fertility, increases pollution

and global warming. It is also responsible for the overall
climate change of the planet. Thus, this phenomenon causes
more harm than one to Earth.

(f) Deforestation will majorly affect the life of next

generation. They will face problems at every step. Climatic
conditions will be adversely affected. There will be scarcity
of food, usable water and clean environment.
 What will happen if:

(a) we go on cutting trees.

(b) the habitat of an animal is disturbed.

(c) the top layer of soil is exposed.

QUESTION 4
DEFORESTATION

• Cutting trees will lead to global warming

• If habitat is disturbed, animals will be endangered

• Soil erosion will lead to desertification

 Marking scheme

Answer

(a)If we go on cutting trees, then the temperature of the

surroundings will increase causing global warming and
severe climate change. This will eventually create natural
disasters and water cycle will be disturbed.

(b) If the habitat of an animal is disturbed, then there is a huge

chance of animals getting endangered and most of the
animals may be forced to invade places meant for human
living in search of food and shelter.

(c) If the top layer of soil is exposed, it’s water holding capacity
will decrease and the soil will be striped off all it’s nutrients.
This will eventually lead to desertification.
 Answer in brief:

(a) Why should we conserve biodiversity?

QUESTION 5
 IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY

• Provides functioning ecosystem

• Supplies fresh oxygen and clean water

• Less pollution and climate change

• Provision of biological resources

Himalayan biodiversity
 Marking scheme

Answer

(a) The variety in life existing on the earth, their inter-relationships, and
their relationships with the environment is referred to as biodiversity. We
should conserve biodiversity so as to maintain the food chain. The
disturbance in the food chain may affect the whole ecosystem.
 Answer in brief:

(b) Protected forests are also not completely safe for wild animals. Why?
QUESTION 5
 POACHING OF ANIMALS

Even in protected forests, poaching and hunting takes place

leading to the death of animals.
 Marking scheme

Answer

(b) Protected forests and areas are not safe for wild animals because
capturing and killing of animals by poachers is still rampant in such areas.
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 Answer in brief:

(c) Some tribals depend on the jungle. How?

QUESTION 5
DEPENDENCY OF TRIBALS ON FORESTS

Tribal people living in jungles depend on jungles

for clothes, food, medicines, shelter etc.
 Marking scheme

Answer

(c) Most tribal communities who survive in the jungles obtain their food
from the trees or by hunting animals and they build their shelters in the
forest itself. They also depend on the jungle for their clothing and medicines.
 Answer in brief:

(d) What are the causes and consequences of deforestation?

QUESTION 5
 Agricultural Field

Industrialisation

Urbanisation
Causes of
Deforestation
Illegal Lodging

Mining

Forest Fires
 Soil erosion

Decrease in Rainfall

Drought
CONSEQUENCES
OF DEFORESTATION
Desertification

Global warming

Increase in Sea level

 Marking scheme

Answer
(d) The causes of deforestation are as follows:

• Making room for agriculture

• Industrialisation
• Urbanisation
• Illegal lodging
• Mining
• Forest fires

The consequences of deforestation are as follows:

• Soil erosion
• Decrease in rainfall
• Drought
• Desertification
• Global warming and increase in sea level
 Answer in brief:

(e) What is Red Data Book?

QUESTION 5
 RED DATA BOOK

CLASSIFICATION Threatened

OF DATA Not Threatened

Unknown
 Marking scheme

Answer

(e) Red Data Book is a sourcebook which keeps records of all

endangered plants and animals.
 Answer in brief:

(f) What do you understand by the term migration?

QUESTION 5
 MIGRATORY BIRDS

• Migratory birds fly to far away areas every year during a

particular time because of climatic changes.

• Usually these birds fly from colder countries to comparatively

warmer countries like India in winters.

Migratory birds
 Marking scheme

Answer

(f) Migration means the movement of a species from its own

habitat to some other place during a certain period in a year for
breeding or to overcome some climatic conditions.
 In order to meet the ever-increasing demand in factories and for shelter, trees are being
continually cut. Is it justified to cut trees for such projects? Discuss and prepare a
brief report.
QUESTION 6
 DEFORESTATION

Deforestation is the process of clearing a forest by cutting down trees.

 Marking scheme

Answer

It is never justified to cut trees just to fulfill our needs. Trees are known
as ‘the lung of the earth’. They are the habitat of many living organisms,
including animals. Trees give us oxygen, and maintain the balance of
O2-CO2 in the nature. They firmly bind the soil and hence prevent soil
erosion. They also reduce the chances of natural disasters like floods and
droughts. They help conserve our rich biodiversity. The cutting of trees
causes an increase in the carbon dioxide (CO2) level, which results in
global warming. Moreover, it causes soil erosion, floods, the greenhouse
effect, etc. Hence, trees must be protected.
 How can you contribute to the maintenance of green wealth of your locality? Make a list
of actions to be taken by you.
QUESTION 7
 REFORESTATION

Reforestation is the process of planting trees and growing forests.

 Marking scheme

Answer
It is very important for us to live in a locality which has a lot of trees. It
renders many benefits, primary is the availability of fresh air to breathe
in. Green wealth can be maintained if we follow very few simple steps and
they are as follows:

•Planting saplings and trees.

•Not throwing the garbage on the streets.
•Forbidding others to cut trees.
•Making people aware of the significance of a clean and green
environment.
•Watering the plants regularly and taking proper care of them.
•Reusing and recycling paper to save trees, energy, and water.
 Explain how deforestation leads to reduced rainfall.
QUESTION 8
 EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION

Soil erosion Low rate of Decrease in

transpiration rainfall
 Marking scheme

Answer

Trees give out a huge amount of water in the form of water

vapour during transpiration. When trees are cut in huge
numbers, there is reduction of water vapour in the atmosphere.
This affects cloud formation and thus, results in less rainfall.
 Find out about national parks in your state. Identify and show their location on the
outline map of India.
QUESTION 9
NATIONAL PARKS OF INDIA

A few of the important National Parks of India are as follows:

• Sundarbans National park

• Jim Corbett National park
• Kaziranga National park
• Ranthambore National park
• Kanha National park
• Periyar National park
• Gir National park
 Marking scheme

Answer
Examples of some important National parks of Karnataka:

• Bannerghatta National park

• Bandipur National park

• Nagarhole National park

Examples of some important National parks of West Bengal:

• Sundarbans National park

• Gorumara National park

• Jaldapara National park

 Why should paper be saved? Prepare a list of ways by which you can save paper.
QUESTION 10
25 trees are required to produce 1 ton of paper!

Recycling of paper is important to save trees

 Marking scheme

Answer

Paper pulps used in the making of paper is made out of trees. Thus, a
large number of trees can be saved by saving paper. This will also save
water that is used to manufacture paper. Moreover, the harmful chemicals
used in papermaking will show their least effects on human beings and
other organisms.

Some ways to save paper are the following:

•recycling of paper.

•economical use of paper.

•paper should not be burnt.

 Crossword:

Down
1. Species on the verge of extinction.
2. A book carrying information about endangered species.
5. Consequence of deforestation.
QUESTION 11

Across
1. Species which have vanished.
3. Species found only in a particular habitat.
4. Variety of plants, animals and microorganisms found in an area.
 1 C

Crossword:
2
Down
1. Species on the verge of extinction. G
2. A book carrying information about endangered 3 D
species.
5. Consequence of deforestation.

Across
1. Species which have vanished.
3. Species found only in a particular habitat.
4 5 E
4. Variety of plants, animals and microorganisms
found in an area. S
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