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    10 views8 pages

    Gramática

    Uploaded by

    sanchez pamela

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 8
    MARTS UF sreEcy SPEECH Verbs refer to an action (do, break, walk, etc) or a state (be, like, own). They can be classified into lexical or auxiliary verbs. Lexical verbs denote actions, processes, and states of uffurs thet happen or exist in, time. Auxiliary verbs are added to a maia vetb to help build verb phrases. Auxiliary verbs can be subdivided into primary auxiliaries (be, have; do) and Secondary -or modal- auxiliaties (will, cau, shall, may, must, would, could, should, might). * Verbs can have finite-forms (ic. conjugated) and non-finite forms. Finite forms are the imperative, the base, the simple present 3rd person singular, and the past form. Non-finite forms include the infinitive, the “ing form ” or present pacticiple, and the “ed form’ ot the ast participle a4 When we consider the elements that accompany a verb, verbs can be classified into linking, intecasitive, ot transitive A noun is a word used to refer to people, animals, objects, substances, states, events ideas and feelings. Nouns can be a subject or an object of a verb, can be modified by an adjective and can take a determiner Nouns may be'divided into some basic groups: Countable nouns, uncountable nouns, proper nouns, and collective nouns. Eg. They live ina house How much water do you need? Tom is very good at Maths ‘The family is watching ‘1'V. : The family are quatrelling a lot Escaneado con CamScanner Youre: Lo Valvo (tii) (oof | . | | | | | MELE A deteuniner is used with a noun and kestricts the meaning by limiting the reference o: the noun. ‘The following types can be used: 1 Acticles ALAN, and THE are called articles, 2 Eg. Isawa boy ‘The gitls are chatting in the garden, THE is the Definite Atticle Aand AN ave both used for the Indefinite Article "The boy" refers to a cefinits, particulat boy, but "A boy" refers to no pacticular boy; it could be any boy. When no article is used, it is sometimes referred to as the Zero Article 2 Numerals A muneral is a word or phrase used for numbers; ‘onc! and ‘Gest te. : Eg. ‘They have two cars : : : ‘The first day I went to school I felt textible. ‘ 3 Possessives ‘ My, your, his, her, its, our, and their are the English possessive determiners, used with nouns to show possession ot ownership. Eg. love my job. Their friends are coming this way a “That's my folder : 4 Quantifiers A quantifier, as its name implies, expresses quantity. Quantifiers can be a single word or a phrase and ate used with nouns. They can be used with both a countable or an uncountable noun to express amount or quantity e Some, much, many, (a) few, (a) litte, « lot, half, three, ete,, axe common quantifiers. Eg. Inced some coffee Bil Pu wees Escaneado con CamScanner x © YE BOt (a) few uckets 5 Demonstratives * refer to is + Demonstrative adjectives (this, that, these, those) show whether the noun they Singu: ere emeel . F of writer. TOE Plural and whether itis located neat to or fat from the speaker this tape Eg. those books Adjectives Adjective modify nouns or pronouns. They describe the qualities of people, things and abstractions, = Eg. I'm canying aheavy box. I think he is guilty. Z The situation is serious. They do not have a plucal’or singalae form. Eg. Heisa tall man, / Shes a tall gid. The student looked interested. / The students looked interested. ‘They can come before nouns (attributive use). They can come after verbs such as be, become, seem, look, etc (predicative usc). Some adjectives can be found after the noun th hey modify (postpositive use, They can be modified by adverbs: a very expensive car Eg. Tbought anew car (attiibutive) That car looks fa t (ptedicative) ‘The students present wil have to waie (postpositive) Adverbs Adverbs add information about the cscumstances of situation or an event. They complete the meaning of verbs showing how, whe where, et. something happens Escaneado con CamScanner ; She Was here eAadlior today. a . / F the word err hey cain MOdify Adjectives ox other adverbs, often expressing the degree © ley modify : “& You are totally wrong. Po it sight now. neti i and . When you pur two clauses into one sentence, you use a conjunction to link them an & ‘odicate the relationship benveen them. There are two kinds of conjunctions. They indicate 4 . - = the different kinds of relationship between clauses in a sentence. ms : a0 BE ralvivaees mine . yee Coordinating @ainctions link ovo ox more clauses of equal importance. These ate: and, but, dr. S & = “3 E.g. They boys shouted and sushed forward. . y - - . Ss Tasked if T could botcow her bicycle but she refused ‘S . ~ e Sbordinating conjunctions Vink two clauses, one o€ which depend: on the other . \ E.g. When he stopped, no one said anything. 4 ‘ They were going by car because it was more comfortable, ‘ ‘ The wound was healing although he could never be able to speale again. iB igh he co peak ag; Prepositions are linking words that introduce prepositional Phrases (preposition + foun group (or pronominal group); preposition + ing forms). Big, about, after, by, down, from, into, cowards, around, without, because of, due to, apace from, despite... He'll go with onc of the kids. You can’t rely on any of that information. He left without saying good-bye. \ & Escaneado con CamScanner Pronouns Pronouns Gill the position oy “noun oF a whole noun pheas ‘The reference of Pronoun is usually made clear by “S context. E.g. 1, he, this, those, myself, c theirs, somebody, all... other, mine, Twon’t tell you how it ¢ ‘nded She never introduced hersetp Ours is better than the its, Escaneado con CamScanner bold. He was in tis ene Mhey shook hands nnd went in 3.0.4 Few years sigo jogging was the in thing 4. These re the ins and outs of the situation. 5. Beh individual ower is tiny. © Several trees * will flower this years for the first time Move this Nower pot 8. She has moved to a smaller house, 9%. We had to dlink the staurant’s house wine. 10.L0cal authorities | house homeless people ae oeienc tint ye, eon 1Whatis thar> 15,That shies t00 expensive, 14.The show is not that bad, 15.] have a different view on the subject. 16-Heis not subject to the normal police discipline code. 17.Me subjected her to four years of beatings and abuse. i { | B. Idenufy the part of speech of each word in the 1, The garden industey ig booming, (0 ting before they leave 2. We advise everyone 3. It was dark when 1 reached I, st London, 4 We believed we were fightin ng for 8 Bocd cause, - 08 and identify of the words in ‘on He sere of sentences and flentiby the yoy -qpeech of th

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