SPAIN
• Spanish Habsburg Empire – part of a
larger family empire, along with the
Holy Roman Empire, part of Spain,
and Austro-Hungarian Empire – the
Habsburgs split over religious
schisms
• Involved in the Thirty Years' War
between the Habsburg Empire
(Catholic vs. Protestant) and the
neighboring territories of France,
Charles V, ruler of the Habsburgs,
who had strong control over Spain,
was forced to take over Germany,
France, Austria, and the Netherlands.
also dominated some of the etc.,
abdicated but later split the Habsburg
Empire between his two rulers
• Philip II – Acquires vast lands under
his control and strengthens his rule
(also takes Portugal, but governs
separately).
• Treaty of Tordesillas - Conflict
between Spain and Portugal in
America - Pope settles by drawing a
line through America, Portugal gains
all land to the east and Spain to the
west
America Philippines
• The new social hierarchy created in • Pre-Hispanic societies were governed
the Americas o Peninsula – Spanish within clan/tribal organizations with
officials and families in Spain (Iberian local chiefs ruling the community
Peninsula) who ruled and governed • Spanish leadership was quickly
the Spanish colonies o Criro (Creole) established in many small
– born to Spanish parents in the New independent communities that had
World – A monarchy despised and previously been ignorant of central
constrained by a high position – rule.
educated and wealthy (group that • Permanent settlement founded in
later promoted independence) 1565
• Mestizo - European and Aboriginal
ancestry
• The mulatto people – of European or
African descent or Native Americans
– are often mistreated on the
peninsula, leading to the use of new
workers.
• Africans – imported into America as
slaves with no material rights