Newton's Laws Name: Net Force Help Sheet Unilerstanding the influence of individual forces upon the acceleration of abjects demands familiarity with the variety of types of forces, Quickly internalize the following, Type of Farce Taplanation The foree of gravity isthe Toree at which the earth, monn. oF other ‘massively large object attracts another object towards itself By definition, Weight (W) | this isthe weight ofthe object. All ebjects upon earth experience a force of or ‘gravity which is directed "downward towards the center of the earth. The Force of Gravity | force of gravity on earth is always equal to the weight of the object as found grav) by the equation Fgrav=m'g where g=9.8Nikg (on Earth) |The normal Force the support Torce exerted upon an objet Which sia —} contact with another stable object. For example, ia book is resting upon a Normal Force | Sirtace, then the surface is exerting an upward force upon the book inorder Gnormor EN) |to support the weight ofthe book. On occasions norma forces exerted horizontally between two objects which are in contact with each other. |The spring force iw exerted By a spring upon Tre abjecs connected To cach] ofits two.ends. Spring forces may result from ether a compressed ora : Stretched spring, ‘The magnitude of a spring force is dependent upon the Spring elasticity of the spring (usually denoted by its spring constant k) and upon spring o* Fs) | the amount of compression or stretch ofthe spring from is equa position. The general equation fr spring force ts Fepring =k" Fricional Forces the Torce exerted by 0 surface as an Objet OVS Sliding across it. The siding friction force opposes the motion of the object. For Friction J example, ifa book moves across the surface of a desk, then the desk exerts a Forces rictional force in the opposite direction of its motion, The fictional force (fick OFF | can often be calculated using the equation’ Frrict = 1° Form | Serre | air resistance Tea speaal type of factional Taree which acts pon ‘objects as they travel through the air. The fore of air resistance always ‘opposes the mation ofthe object. This force wal frequently be neglected AicResitance | GCP ots negligible mag tude lis most naiceale for objet hich ‘air travel at high speeds (eg, a skydiver or a downhill skier) or for objects with large surface ae. The tnslon Ue Toes WERT Gannon Wrough a ONE TORE WE oT Tension | cable when ti pulled ughtby forces acting from eck end The ersonal Censor D | force ip directed along the wire and pulls equaly on the objets on citer end of the wire The applied Tors Whe Torce WHER rapped Wah TET & PEON ar another ject. Ia person's pushing» desk arena room, Oven there ean Sppied force acing upon the abject The applied force isthe force exerted ohne desk by the eran. Applied Force (app oF Fa) (© The Physics Classroom, 2009 Pages.Newton's Laws The Net Force ee a The net force isthe vector sum of all the individual forces acting upon an object. In other words, Fnet =F, + Fp + 3+ .. where Fy, Fp, and F represent the various forces acting upon an object. Like any force, the net forces a vector and has a direction, Being the vector sum of all the forces, there may be some negative signs present in the net force equation to indicate that one force is opposite in direction to another force. According to Newton's second law, the net force i related to mass and acceleration, Fnet = DF = m*a Other Noteworthy Items: 1. Seales are devices which are equipped with springs that are compressed or stretched when objects are placed upon the scales. These springs allow the scales to measure the magnitude of other forces (ie, normal forces, tensional forces gravitational forces, etc.) acting upon the object. 2. Pulleys are objects which change the direction ofa force but not its magnitude. Froblem Solving Strategy ‘Tosolve problems involving several forces acting upon a singe object: 1 Sct tteebody dagtam (BD). To simply te gram, represent the lbectbyabox” Drawe rows represen al the eres acing onthe object The dieeion ofeach ow should indicate thedirecton othe frce 2. Label each arrow on the FBD with a symbol to indicate th type of force itis. Use the table above to Ihelp you label the forces appropriately 3. Write down ll given information in variable form (eg, m= 20 kg: a= 1.5 m//s, righ). Write down the desired end what the problem asks tobe determined or calculated (eg, find Fapp). 4. Thenet forces the vector sum of all the individual forces acting onthe object, The “summing” of individual forcess simplified if the horizontal and vertical forces are summed separately. Indicate this in the form of equations based upon the FBD. Horizontal DFx= Fright-Flft (assumes that rightward is the + direction) Vertical Fy = Fup- down (assumes that ups the + direction) 5. Write the net force equations (ZFx" max and EFy=m*ay), 46. Solve the problem for the desired information by relating the #4 and the £5 equations Perhaps the most difficult (and most ritcal) prinaipl of mechanics is the principle of| fet force and aeceleration. You Will probably be tempted to approach Fret problems. ina memoriztion made, Avoid such an approach; nothing could lead you intoa state ff eustration more readily. Rather, intomalize the meaning ofthe various forces, {fam to recognize their presence by careful analysis o problem, and base your problems solving strategies onan understanding of such concepts and upon the BEWARE. tppliction of good logic and reasoning, Approach Fre problems in ai mode © The Physics Classvom, 2008Newton's Laws. Name: Recognizing Forces Read from Lesson 2 of the Newton's Laws chapter at The Physics Classroom bhtp:/www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/u2!2a.htmt http:/www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/u212b.htonl MOP Connection: Newton's Laws: sublevel 4 There are several situations described below. For each situation, fil inthe ist provided by indicating which forces are present and stating which features ofthe situation you used to determine the presence ‘or absence ofthe force. To facilitate this exercise utilize the Net Force Help Sheet. Upon completion of this assignment, check your answers using the available Web page. httpi/wwww.physicsclassroom com/morehelp/rectorce/recforce ht jon of Situation Force Present lor Absent (AY? Explanation lenviy © Qarat | Ostet hon ie i 2 sae ae fieding roc py | te @Rga tenon Qor a? | - | Normal: Por@y | Nor kai & 1. A.block hangs atest ae es fromthecaingby®, | pacion —P we | hy a Re pce of rope, Consider | coor Bock [anes Po® |onviy Gora? | fia cet itivat rest ati ‘equilibrium position) 2. Ablock hangs from the | Normal: baa celing bys sprng | Goraieribelonts —|icion or GH | Ae —Secfeces Sctng onthe bose when |. AieRess Po | Na_rebe © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page?Newton'e tex Newton's Laws [—paaipiion of Siaation | + sgetmanapay [mt uo | dae ‘spon te table. Consider oe lode (© The Physice Classroom, 2009Newton's Laws None: = Force Present (P) si |__“orbsent tai | cravity | Spring | | Tension 6 A blocks being pushed | Normal ‘across the top of a table. | Consider ony the forces | ition acting upon {hebleck. siti |atrRans \ T e Toray nar | _ Spring: Norma: | ons 7 Alocksies arose | aren oe fopeta table, Consider | ption only te ores acing ee | ee | Air Res (Bor'ar | Fhygh 7 Sra | Gravity (ex 5. CSA aes Fe | ling Sree ae a Joon: PGP | hu PU ae ae 8 Thedriver of acarhas [Bcarercs vie an ferlootenthegerpedal, [Tension — Por @y | Tv UI echt | ae the car accelerates down | Normal: Tapecn WENeees Te Reread [mt Ors Pree eee i : ean ee | Frition Orr —rirchag Ginn 20 Foe JAieness Qor A? | cag Foy oA © The Physics Classroom, 2009 aesNewt 9A persanis sting ona Scand giding sree may peed ne slong »honzont! surface. Consider only the forces acting on the person -scription of Situation Force Present (P) domes Ss i or Absent (A)? Tmuty (Bor AP sabe Spring = Pact fremes Fae | | ormat: or a? | Friction @aa ees |airRes: or A? a 10. ‘The wheels ofa car are acting on the ear loshad ato Stop while moving across a level highway. . EN Gave Canaierindy etecee [MOE Ome 8 | Gravity Gea | Spceg P ofA) Pad | SEP ee oh Leo) 6 | a oee ee lo x ql q y eee ees Gen az singe te er w 1 Abaco wate arched by 29% 6 Bang pled oot ce forces acting on the bucket ‘well: Consider only the | Friction Gravity Spring Tension Normal: Aires: © The Physics Classroom, 2009 Page 10 ee