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 LlLttonr: i: ! tb[ ALl, l\r"1
i1t ,)
\.1

KHOAl{C VAI' \ 5 r./L /.\ \tJ ,\FjL',\1

t. Iur(iNG Klro/iNG t',.IT N!t0tf Qt,iL\ lRONG NHIT

Nh6nr f6 hoxi tirrh har.L |.c cao_ chinh vi \i) rru|q dri€n Dhi€n ia chi gip ir dang ti€n kir rrr:ng
iie ijroiur3 rir r:i rlir rl,i khf.c ,rluu. Co khorlng l-s0 khoirng'it khic nha' ctrtr
'h6rr. []l
lr€.409/"
lihoiirr \':i Ihnrrt lr .:ir lrrai xlLrmo.ilicat, k.nr , u /rlrLu r h,rr LL sprt fenspJ rhuuc loai klLr.{ng \,at
n:{rt,:,r \in| Donhi.:rdarha\dai,drL6iiicd'L|!cirkhicacbonic\icLracac(tungdiclLtiLjnhlr.acrJ.
iiic l,|riirng \ arr r)g!\ Ur I rnh bi phrirr haa. tro .lc kjrotr!l ,1it lhf sin|. Vj du crolinir Alror.2Sior.2t i.O.
i.l:,r ,' \ '.. ,r1

4.6 i,a !1ri sl)xr f.|lirill

,rhu s;rn 1,JL L.L I r!i,t , Lr r, rrkr..ii \ O..6SiOr rO \i
'j|(lr2SiO,ll-al. :lln phir)l riLr crir r:irl niLl c,r ;lra cho ntriiu hnrr IL.p rlirs Iinh.tlo rhairlr spirt
l.i:it)irl Vi \r\cLrJrltl)u.iang!uitciIspar fen:plr rr-l ilri !iir cluoi ilaIg saLr:
p1{ r,\lr6:irrar.. r lt ,\l.,5Si1O;

llrj,:)j rr-, l;rr I clli ri Ii r:irir L.rip|.u.r rL r.r rl,ur \atturrr r||nr1j r,rp Lli han ting crii rnil
IIth.:|i,i:lrr l'. l:i'i.rclr.i,: r'.:,rLri riidoi irlrichr I-i. fi-l). ali. cdn R" ki hilu cho Cr. Ile. Sf. Ngur,ri
l,r kh.lnir iir::! sf!. lcii.jr).rt tlria I rrhia rira r\1agic \i \it sone c6 rhi rao ra chrlrng bing phuorrg ph,1p
,rhiLr tin jlj.,, rhainlr p rin hrir Ir,-.: co rhi chia spar liir\ rlrt Idrn ba Jrir6nr:

1)iiiJ r tunsfxr ii l'lr

llsi)r1ttnstlli Cla-Nx
3) 5pat f.u!p!( K$.r
Can:: rhLio chrn.! cLli rit fh6l|r:

I pli.(l.A 1.O,.rrS iO:.qr"aro.A l:Or.6 !ii( )r:

:. pii,r-(l..\ ir0,.65 iOr.qCaO.Al.Or.lS Or:
i I,li rO ,\ l:O. 0:jiOr.rtt a.Alro..2Sio.:

Cic kLoing \j! ir nlinr sr cung it giO nong Lhian nhiin. rrL)lrg s6 cic plri l,iin nhit ta ocroclr
Lii.(.r ,\1.{). i.\rO,r. .. ,ir r\a,ij..\l-Or 6SiOr) \'i .rte ir,j,r tr(jp dLilrg tri,,h ru:r ctrLrng
'I
it iir.. (ltiir iiir:rr t)lion!: hoa sir.t fenspat. ta ra (:Uir. khoiing \,.ir lhu siIh r),r) hoac khoing \rl
ll)u sinh khi.. 1()l! 1ir Jrr co hldL.isilil Al(O1l),. Do tac durrg t{rllg hop cLie ti.L ning rnit rrdi. nLrir \i
khi Ca): lir..1,).h ln !a.lur3.lic rrrroi hda tr,n. cic r.Lr6i nil chcr r.i d:ri tlrrorg. citug cdn d(ror cac
cin k ri|! i.f lr r. nral lhin Lfinr lich hi chi. rir[ liji phin kir ling ir ,:ic Iong s6rig. t-l | ,jn \c I I r

!h-i,rli iiiir i ri croiinii ilrr:o so dLt seu:

li,iJ..\1.O..(tS i.. , ( l( l.+I Ir0- K,CO. I .1siOl (l.r)

I rorgt lIi:r.g- rliil iiiri 1,hrlg irir Nnc si tro r:L rcrixir rhco so di snLr:

lll\:L)./\i:i)..rjr_.i(),) | IIrO = K:O.:lAl.O..6S jOr.:IlrO +

l(i.,ril.SiOrr i illS (). (1.2)

 Do Anb huong cira nLr6c axit rrdirg. c6 chua a},it sunli[ic, sa tro re cio sUnf...t nhirtr l:iirn- trong
d6 c6 llLrnit KrSO].Alr(SO!)r ,lAl()ll)r. Tic dung tiie ocloh yi dung dich r'{i! surfuric co lh;li
phrrong Irinh toDg quAt sau:

l(Kro.Alror.6Sior) + 4FIrSOr + 2Il.o = KrSo r.Alr(sor)i.1AI(Oit)r.-

K?SiO,r 16SiO.) (1i)

N5L,cic nrr6c axit kh6ng tiip xric v6i octola uri ti6p xirc ldi rnbit, r|l Cr,:.r s,r JJ tucr,g tu. te
duoc ratri rlunit: NarSO{.Al:(SO,)r.1Al(OH)r

It gip dlng cic kloing v4r stch, mi trong thien nhiin lllrinjt j I.ng hon hop
spat fenspat d
nhiiu d6ng hinh. Vi vay, alurit txo ra tu cric spat tinslrt. llruc ti lron,J thi€n r:hiirr t:h6ng riip r:r Llang
nnr6i oalri hoic kali sqch. quaphintjch nhiiu n:iu chung rd rirng. n6 gim hirn lroo l .j l r'h cr r llli
alunit va nitri alunil:

(K.Nl,)rSOr.AIr(SOr,.,lAl(OIl),.

lr. r,!t (lu \ 'r \ (. l '1,,) '1. ir 0 din l. ri

|,a!r lrirr birr3 2. lihi r 0
Lnng si, cLla chring
khoing va.lt leL alri alunit sach .dn khi ]-0 - krlli rlunit s40h.'1iL Co te rh!,1 rirrr. rorx rhiin nhi€n
alunit duoc tro rr do trc dung.in cr'rc dung dich arit l€n |6n hop d,lng hirrh cirl sp:rr ienspal lhL16!
nh6rr rhri nhiti

pR',Al,O;.6SiO1 qR"A1.O, 6SiO,

..,rk..,,.i. .i..n r.t.t.,r.^r :6 nrLl boxit cirrg drLoe ltro rx (Lo k;t.r ri iili.rr! ho:l dic
li.r r lrrr .-.. Lac (1.. rp1 .(. I , r. r'j,lii . l:.irr \r,r :rr .r'.- 1r,.'l I i.\ uI
theo lhin irng t6ng quan sau:

Kro.Al,o..6sio: + ( t-l) H:i) + CrO = Airor (1 t) ,alr tircci ril:;:rr (i t)

\4ul o L ,oing \.il .-u
". I r. al n(u . l., g
BanB l: cic khoAng \it Jrh,inr quan trong nLil
l6rl khoing vAt vA (16ng thirc h6a hQc

Corundunr Alrol 100

Diaspo, bolnir Al:O.. HrC) 85

Cipxit (hydragiljt) Alror. ll1:O 65.1

lii.nit, andahrzit AIror.siol 63.2

crrolinit Kro.2sio: 2tlrc) li),5

Alunit (KNay)rSOr.Alr(SOi)r.4Al(OH)j 37 i9
\etelin (K.Nay):O.Al:Or lSiOl :16 32

LLrxit KrO.AIrOr.4SiOr 2,1.5

 .\ irL.,: i Li ( a(1.,\1,(r; l:ji!)l 26.1

( ri.jr1(Naj,ClF.) 2t.5

(,1.tlJ1a ii:O. \l:Oi 6,cill: 18,.1

.\rir it Na:O. r\1.O. 6SiOl L9.l

Ilcfif 3BcO. A1:O. 6SiO. 14.1:)

Cf izobe fin BcO.AlrOr 80-0

Spodunrcn I-irO. ,\l:o: .lSiO: 28,0

l\,i!l.il {li:O. :ifiiOl l4,t

^.jrO.

{1,) j(
lif tro|lc thii| nhja 6 dang sach. CorundLrnr khrins rrnng su,r thur:
(].,i:Lrjr(; ni1 (c.-Al
IhLL,lrr!r Lrar corunalunr li ril lltr rnni cd giri lri. co da cing I th€o thaIg NI0os Cri. l".i., ru|.i rrLL

|.f ' Jr'lI h rhrin!: dar quj. l ,ri r I chirng co rinl cl rc ,rr i.L ,jrl rLm,r rao r .iL trLl rhe {rong su;t nhlr
|i\'. niu rhrirm rriLr birl lrp cllit cr(lrrr oxir s€ c(; riarr do, goi li rubiIr. niu nhuirrr ni,ru b.inl tap chat
:it\llikno.iitsacil)r.n xanhdrt|r)i xaphia. \'A kl60g rriiu- xaphia nhat.

Ili.n 1t di silrr ruir cirr di quji bing |lruLrrg 1,l,jp lhrii tao. V6i nruc dich nii] l1guJi ta denr
fiu,rhil irart nhuirrr oriL:,aclrci, borar |oic cic uru6i [h,lc ri cho th6m crdn L,rir di rlLrcrc rubin, chLr
iirair \ari ri ritan o'i drio. rafhir S.Popor dtL dirng thLrong phip |hAn lio ati ch6 bran .rc dorL rirh Lh.
r:b i,r b:r :

CorLrratum'1hian hiall l!.uj3n sinh duoc lto rr 1ir cAc nacnra giiu rrhirm orit. cdn Corundrrlll
tlriirr rri:ii:r thri sinh - il,r iial (iLrr biSr chit cil. sirrr phim irh(rng Ir6a cir,r alunrosilicar.

Il r:tr at, Al-.) FI]O), borllit (t-Al:Oi. IIrO) vt gipxit (Atror.3Itro) ti rhinh tt,in ro bin cL.L
lirrrrt (lrln!r quf.lr 1r.ltg nhit cli:rrr ruit alLrnin. coirrfd0m nh:in tao. xinraIg alLrmin !i gach clriLr hix

f:i:llili an.iil{zir\i!i iri)nniL l: c6c der)ir {hir hinlr cuaci!)grn6t ioaj r(uurosjlicltt(Alror.SiO.).
( ir \ilt n;i] c! Lha Jring liiur ngultn Ii6u brn JirL cogi;itri chilg nhitng di s. n rujr g;c .t rr
lilroi:Ilir
.a ini.i.,la ,.ru lrr'ln thinl, lL..p li;i' nh6rn silic iro'g i,\ (tiirr. da ri hop kinr ,'iy thu hoi silLr rLLL ir

( aolinit (li:(1.: SiOr.:l l,O) phr) biin rir rarn! r:ri trong thien nhian. L:ifug cri t|3 dirng sal ;iLrit
rlurrrin'..r lrilu lLrf in h,rp l:irr r:IiiIt s ilic.

.i. \. \ ' \ .... \lolr, ,, i,.:,1,||g cli san ru:it rllnrin, e\it sunfuric, kxli
s rr l.rt r I , ric :.el phirr cd giat tr i thic.

ii.lelin (li.\a.):O Al.O. 2SiO: gep tr)ng thiiI rrhi6n dt,i khi ciis !.oi .iprtir, lao ih:inh dl
rprtifr.fclin. l{iri tLj}an dti r1:i),rx ducjc linh quing eiretil vi quing du6i li nelilin rti nghiin nho. Ngor\i
rlnnrin. .lrii'lln cdn chLra nhi6Lr I'iint; cin sau khi rfr tiai cic thdnh phin cr! gii tri nriy criia nefeliu cirn
ci, rha dirJrs Lnn ngo]6n liau srin ruiit ximing. Khi xir li ra,rg hqp tinh q i|g ncfclin cii tha nhin dulr.
rLlLLfrin. girr r-ring 3iir tlirih cirir irl!arin sin xLrirr 1ri Lr!xil.
 l-o:\il (KrO.AIrOr.lSiO:) thui'ng gdp lrongthien nhi6n o dflrgtit !1r,r:1 li,n.\.1 l.l r r.iL t Lrr r(r
rha dirng lim quang d6 san xuit tu alurnin.

Anoctil (Caai.Alror.2SiO:) lrong thi€n nhi€n it gap (l drlng tip lnrng l611. Na 1i tirlnh phin qull1r

tiong cta ri id cao vi c6 thd duorc iao the hkhithieukatquingchiiiairii:rosilicrt\ii',.i.

Anoctit c6 rhd dring di thu hi,i alumin. Khi dnng phtong phip kiirr se khnng I .1 rr 'l r, c rL '
r
fu anoctit chua phin h6a vi alumin cdn nirn lai trong cin.

r riol:r .\J. \.1 lruoc J.1 Jun; Ji j) hn,n rheo fl.u. r,. | . irc(cr' r. r.' r , .1,. , . .
"./
criolir I.J.l oL'.r..nler Hien re) oInq no.dausin\-il .ri lrr. |. Idadrp'nr'.. r. 'r c,i-
nin c6ng nghiQp luy"an nh6m (diQn phen).

Spat fenspal oclola vi anbit - li khodng vat nguyen sinh. klii tllojrg hir sa rro fi lhijng
khorng vAt thi, siIlh vd quiBg ding dc sin xual alulnln.

Alumosilicar spodumen, poluxlt, t)crin vA alumiat - crizol,crir\ dnng l,inr rrgu\,4:L lj;Lr rlL,nig
ung d€ sen xuit liti, xezi, berili vi c6c hip75 lhit clLf, chLlng. Du I rL , nhiiu rr Lt LlLrngr. ,ir-c blit tron3
ning ludng nguyan lLr, rlgudi ta da mo rong \ ri. khar thi.\a\ir I l ,r. unr ,r llr.rp rl:,1 ririi l)ii[ Ll,i
cho phdp hy vorrg rirrg sa 16) duo. c m6t kho Itr.rel'nrrlunrnrutjthJ rr).Tr.r,!LhiarL irhi;n itgtt)
cic kholng vAt cnr befili vd xezc. \i va) ba thei cira cec khoifg vit ni] kh6ng dirr3 iirrL Jr!,Lr);,r liaLr
san xuit alumin: ni c6 thd dnng cho c6ng nghiQp h6a hac .ta s\ thirc| ur|.

2. QU4NG NH)M
TrongthiSnnhi6nlhuonggipcickhodlgvatnhdnodangracllr'oi s; lu-ollg it ll r! lr':. r !
thinh cec md cnng nghi6p. C6c khoirg na,\ ni,n trone dit l.i ,:Ur? \ rL .a. lh^r c \':i khn,rg .hi,a
nh6m oxit. Cic dit dar de khoang h6a clri c6 thd drlng d€ sx alunrin khi him luqrg khoifg.,;-t qLrirng
tfong d;r d, vuo1 qud mQt gi6i han nao do vi khi thu h6i aluil liL di1 d.r n:iy s;co loi ri liiL, r Lli:r
t6. Trong qulng cring nhiAu alumin. tiOu phi ricng vd nguy€n lieu \i !li! lieu phLr. 1i6u h:ronliian liarL.
h6a phim. di!n ing, siic lao dong cinc nho thi gin thdnh cria alum in cinc ha

D€ sx alumin nguoi ta dirngcic lo4i nguyen lieu sau di): ielin. alunlr, xeririit, cr.r l:,r1. uo (h r
niu, drrmg cho d6r nay ngLry6n liQu chri y6u r rn Lr boxit 1k}oirr3 r5' r l(ru.ns il' Irlir llri !ti;i).

:\,,\
\! r
2.I Boxit
Boxit lA tCn sei tlleo thann phO nrr.' c!d f'h.ip, noi Jl hrr, rl r brL,.::r dlu tL:n tEll.SLI
'L:rrrr
phii ti6n mqnh md cira ndn c6ng rghiip nh6m da thnc diy viQc rirl hi6ur borir lJrip r-,i 10 L:i linr
8an day ngudi ta de iiln thay nhilng m6 boxit l|nr.

C6c thirrh phrin chri y6u cia boxit li hydragilit (gipxio, bonrh vd diaspo. Ngoii |1. b,.]rit ci,n
chira niiau clc khodng vet sit, silic n d4ng thqcb anh, hydro)iit vl alulrosilicat kco ngi:r nLrac, titan
o\il odang\eo.Jritlzo.r-tin\itro,grharh;l-incuarfcn.p;ro..:.riir nrcrrir. ou^riL lr '
c6 ci canxi vd, magie cacbonat, clng cdn c6 tqp chit cr6m, varrarli. tbrfo, gali oxit..., r . fgrr'i r t,;
khdc.

NIic dir hdn lLrqng gali trong boxit r;t lhap (Iu 0.01 din 0 00 | 1. dun" dich !i tfunlt sr{ nhnnin
c
!amJl16b;rt;i l'' r'nhluJ:;nnhon\inld|,Uonncu)€nlr€, ! U . .]i , rl.U hol tl.i r., 1, ;. l.:i cu.r
gali.
I
 Ngraii ta.hie bo\it th:in| cic loqi saLr: 1r1',lr,grlir. h1'dragilit bouril. bolnit diaspo. Trong nhing
nrLr borit cilrs2,r :r-rir thirirrg cri cl coruudLurr

lr .\l1 ,. ..J rr-Jirlr.. ti ."1 ' l" lcri ei-rt' r'..rrrc rrlr;l lxL\d.rJ l;r ..
l,,,ri l,oxit,:ir l,,if:i,,,3,i,rbor.ithydrogilitsx.hYidiasposach. .

Siiie {r.i: cr'ia borit vi thinl phin khoalig vet cua chirnll rri. ,linh boi r i9c tqo tltanh L.rt
jr6
Qran
rl !i. khoin!r vat nlrin o\il l!im nudc li s.in phim nguydn sinh khi phong h6a alurninosilicet trorlg
diJLL kiin thiin nhi€n kco nhu6m. Cing nhLr cic chit keo klec, keo nhutlm chta mQt luqng nu6c
lhLlng xic dinh. Thei-. rhirl giar. kco si b! nit nrric vi din din chuldn th:lnh cAc loai kii rinh bcn \ n,Lg
hon. MOt tfong cic loai ciiru tiin li alumo gid bin, lo4i niy kh6ng cdn bing, sau d6 bi6n rhinh hldragili
ban \irng lforg diiu kien da cho. N€Lr thay ddi .liiu kien thi hldrugilit l4i rnit nu6c vd chuy6n din thinh
lnrmit. diaspo vii coru|ldr.rlrl. Iinh chit li6n [( !||] qrr,i uinh hiir ,lo tronJ borit ru khoing vat n;i]'
rhinh khoting \ ii Lhnc .Li Lh6 theo so d6 t6ng qurit saur

](eo fhLri'rn ) rl rio gii bin ) trydrrrgillt ) bornit t cLiaspo ) cortrndum.

)Ji;u rtit Li diLr ,,ll iri6n hara tn d?ng ci'L 1,nc nil'sang dqng c6 ciu rr[c kiric cbu] kir thur: thr u
,ja lr cd h.r t han hr.I thr(lrl8ilit bolnit. h nrr-Ji ,trol Nhung rit r l,r 93f b.xit loei hldfagilit
.li:rjpo mi rrorg ili lrti ti ;fg crl bonrit. h,.rir: L,o.\il bonrit-corundum ni lrorrg d6 liti khdng co ,liasfo.
iiir(,ifg vrit h)droxir nir. rlri,iur Lru rhi trong boxitir0n hop thi bcxil gQi Iheo l€n khoing do tru6c ti6n.
Di c,l Sia thrL\at rirrg lll. tfong da s;.:1c ,1 khoiin.q \61 hldroxil rrg!)in sinh phii l:i bonril.
tlurn diirr fLir lhar:r nlrii vi)i l:li li6u cu.l Iiickc \d \{e)ring. \\'eiser... Khi h(ia gii nh6rn h}d.o\}'t
.. 1,. 1.. ' ...'r . -
.1 , . r < ..
, . l . i r . l . . i r r-Ji q,r. | ,.,.i.u,li).
II-r,In\il .o,iiriir hir)h t bonrit ) batcrit ) lrr|ragilir

lhco cic tii llau ith;c irLra,. khi k6t tlnh nl,ln hldfoxit \'6 diri[ hiulr di rrhri-n dugc h]rtftgilil.
i)a tli di;n tr'r \i, r,rh Llnr liinh hi6n vi diqn lLl cir hco AI(OII)3 khj lao ihiDh vd khi h6a gii c|ring
'| r'' \o...lr \r. r 'r.;,iu: r'c ,.. d.l,o--::|rilrn l,|l,..
,. l. t'o... :., , .1.,' L,.ir J,.,r .(, | | ,' l,tJ dq:ri .
E.n.d:11skhi c1,o rinr riic phrin lo, bo\il bing cich cjria ihinh cio rh6m li€n hgp: hldragilic-
h.ririI. hornlt rlii!!,:, rri circ rirtjrr khic se khang th|c hien duo-c tirrh di truyin vri kh6ng 1iu ..iu .L i
tiirq ngh; h6a li bo\il li :x.rlrunin. \'i dlr nr|ur h ,d r-r. h bo\it h) dr.,!ilrf nh€rdocinthi6tlil05'C.
rlni y(ii tro:iit.borrit ciu 190"C, cdn boxir- cliapo kh6ng dugc dlroi 205"C. D!ra tr6n co s; akl
L.,\ .i i,l, l,,i h,.'rr \... 1,. .l'.i'.ir Uro.rnq \.,. .cor,-h.l-:r . r, ."1..
i,ii pla'r lo:ri chi,rg ,,1,.,us phai hrLr i d€n hi,rh vi cic loai vd thir hinh cLla nh6m h!droxit, ni ci ||ai
l:,1 da| :ir)h hLr|nrit cia hir) lui)ng Nloitlg varr cacbonal \ a sunfua rronlt boxil, Ihitng khodng !'at naj, .jnh
L,ra,rg r$iau da,r vi:. l,r circI lrhuonq phiip r',r di6u kian rir li bonit.

Thco Nlilir\kir. t,i] rlre q,s6 !r!ng lugng cr'ia Alror vdi SiO: rit ci cic rlit dd chua nh6tu c6
rl:i chir thinI i lorj:

i,/sirlir .\lr{t.: i jo, :l

1.1"1i1.rrlrOr: :ii|.
1,1 boiit Atr{),: siOl '. 1
 Nhin ba ngoai boxil c6 !h6 kh6c nhaLr. Thdng tlurmg boxil c6 mlLr.ta. ]ihat cr:ns D,:)i
khi cii s
gip boxit c6 miu tring. r'ing, xanh thim vd circ olriu khic. Miu do chuns ro hi'r rroni
!, \ Lr !.r!r r Li
hrim luolg sit oxit thip thi bo\ir c6 niu xem ho:ic tr;rg. 'L
Thanh phin h6a hoc cira boxir dao d6ng iron!: 1 gidi han 1619_ ki cri iraiir irorr! ,,.itr0r
ciir! lrl,ii
him lu9ng cdc tap chit vd nLritc hydrar. Trong boxir hfiln luojg Al:Or cang 1on r n rrorlun silic (rj s0
trong luong cia Alror vA SiOr) cz\ng cao thi chit lL(mg boxir cinr t6r. Tronll cic Lorrr luri r,.rr
drr harl
iuong Alror = 50% vd cao hon, nodun silic kh6ng dioi | 0.

Boxit ki6ng nhtng ding lrong c6ng nghiep nh6rn; mi cdn cin dring 116 sr: cor.undunr nhin t.|o
ximing alumin. gach chhr hia; boxit cdn ding d6 thay flo|in ldm tro rirng khi nhiCt lu!er thap Dlai]rafh
bazic. Cho them borit se ll''. tang d6 chdy loing crt* xi, tao diAu ki8n thuin loi d; khLi
tblfo \ii hi,r
hu,inh rrong thdp. cin dA' boxit dtroc dirng r6ng rni d6 si1, khi Yi dnng |nn clLit hilp pnLr
iur)r loc circ
ti" lia kidi lap chir nhu6m miu \a tlnr bar tt( bier l,r ho\Lr JLr rr,tr tLu tru LLr,hrf lrorg
l]'ald"f
O nr6t s6 nurc nguoi ta sx sor khoing \it nriu do lir.boxit: rrot! trLrjnlr hrr |r) benrx{rt l!
thdnh phin c6 ich.

2.2 TiAu chuiin boxit

M6i ngenh CN ca, yeu ciu riintg vA thrhh phin hoa hoc cL.ra boxir !i rri\. tir ca.i.rc toai bo\i(
duoc chix rhinh 10 loai rheo tieu chuin nhii nrru'c. r!:i.g I lri trrinh p|in cic hri borir r. cor,!r dunq crr
chu0g.

Bing 2: ti€u chu.,in boxil

Hin lLLnng T! s6 rr(Jng unr du I

% kh6ns nhd ugng ,\ I Or \itrl
C
l
6ng nhd ho)i

52 t2 CorundLrm nirirr Lrrr

19 IO CorultdLrIl1 fhAn 1ro

lLrmir, corund m nhi!l rio. r{i'nirlg

12 lunin g?ch cl',rLr lLia.,\imanig :liLrmin

riu Alunin. !.ech clriu hil

l7 1.6 Alrmin, gach chiu lLia

l0 2.: gach chiu ita. sri lhip nracllnb

28 5,6 ximAng rlumin

AIumin
 lroi: L,o;riL ,liri.li sr riulllir !i]ng con jrln thi
h]nr luqn-l luu hrrjNh \a COr. t)ai voi boxii ki
lriull-l.liil.ill;1-;lir.irlhL'rrgiLrLrhujrthcir,-,p|jp|j,irngl6nhorr0,7%,cinbo)iiL].i hiiu B-1, ll-
'1. ll-i lilra,ii.: lir It),r ii'..

l:h, h.l,n lrongCOrnioi L.l%cilcbo\itilili(ll l.B-l,B-7.11 8)lhLra,c lotLi 1,cdntr6nl.l9;'

tlLra. lciiLi : lihi lfogh)\it l:a)lic klroing \if.h, rr a) lctL \uirrhroplrLrorgph.rpBatequitrlrrhsa
,iit vri phi'r r.p hon

Khi xLr ii theo pbuo,,g 1,hlp thi€u k6t thi hlnr l ong COr trong boxit kh6ng hqll elti.

Cric sir liaLr rrar o lril g I .hilrg ld ring ciic bo\iI

lori tdt dr)ng de sx corundum nhen tao. nhung
l.:ri cic lori iii (i ll. Il-( )) .,; 1r Li hrin! lon thi lai duo-c dirog di sx alumin. bdi r i borit erng t6r g r
t1:ir1r ahrnrir: cir;r r:.

).i: r::-: ri6u cirirr ir(J\it alli rrirL alUoc -,.11 JLng rir rn r, trn L,'r-boi t.. .rt lLLong cirr chirng
i riLr crir cLr, rin kirri ri quic J:ln. Khi diau ki€n tha) ,11i sn rhal ddi lfc \'i bo\il, (o d. \a ihJ) d, L

lr.:LrrlrrlI b..iit.

)..1 (.t'it i.,rti tl,i l;ir.i. r,.i.ii. hi th,ti lt,,tt; ,. 'i tli,lit,t': !,tttt 1181,) in liQu dA sx

'J|:,, r'rr q.LlLr Lfir! rrli r,'i ran c6ng nlhi.if nl),:',nr. cic loai ngul€n li6Lr alLrrrttl khic nfatt ctl
iha ,ir ;,i) rr:t itr lirr rlrnq irI Jir;: irn)iil, ociili0, r lri il. iro ihrrt di. \cri\it, rii li' cao r r .lir stt.

... ti ,. J:.
Lrir lLrc,ng cil.| ngu)ar li!:LL ril la vo hau c,-i !,1)i rrcliiir rghi€n nlo coi nhLt di lhii. Qua Phin
tich nhliu n,ju ncfclirr Lhii,r,ri,1i,r r]li] ring Sir rl eu ,rhri l,on-o\oi c,'ngtrriN.i.K)rO.Alror.2SiO:
'l|$ Penir, .6ng thirc thLrc n:rhi!:lrr cur nefel|lr:
(N,'.K),O.,\lrC). (lr | )5i( ):

lfofs.iar=(l lr-i rl!.'nlxrhirlht)hrinh5.1lr...r'nnrfelinchnrhxarclLrn

tlic bL, ,le e ri b irr rh rLh sul,c t.ti:Lt. \ | \.1) ngLIoi 1a de khai
At!1;1 diur: llirr rharrr br,r lirLfo.
r]]i. {tu,'rnq i:tllilrcf.lirL ra t' \an da lich tiuh qLrtn!:r|Nli1. h:l}i lLr}ill. refclir) li qLrirg du6i. ngrL("i ta
oi , lr,!r: li rirrh quing l.:hi c(i lian| p|in h6a hoc san d:ll,r :!l-10-o/o Al:O: , 20% NarO : KrO. 13 44'%
Si:O. j.inFcrO..l-l-o;Ca{) Iorrg s,l chc th plr. n .o L.lL tronrtrrrl qrir.qn(l.l r (,\lror + NarO I
'nlr
..,.,L |.
lhlfirflrirrrefciirr rrlbirhi 2l%A1:Or,E.79'"(^-aio+K:O),14%Si.O.1lr'0sll(tinhth:inh
r- )

lihj rlrlaukarr.elin\(riili\ii hamlrl,t.rr o s:lrrrgiirdncl

cnh tuh giilanhietdi cin
thi€l Lli blan lono blJ ulumin \x,-. ding aluninat hda tan |a nhilrt dO n6ng chil' cLra thieu ket phirr ft,.
..1. 1..1'r,r.,J .-L l.1, * rl':rr! r..orl,J r ii.r kirplr-rrr'r,l..klrirr-'-l,"phiprrrrirr kir
ncfclin. \:iic rurin lrong n16i lruing 1ir truins yeLr ,l-i gi.inr du"c ham jLron€:5at o\it trong nefelin. l irh
qLrifg c6 thi0l pb,irr gi dir0gs:ru:2116Alroj.II%(NarO+KrO)-17%SirO.?,5%Fe:Or,6%CaO-
0.6.f; Ir,O.. 1i sL'r phin ni grur il 0 i Alror - 0.7 , ko,rs d6 R: natri hoarc kali.
 Phan vr tao thanh thjeu k6t phArn cia loai tinh (lLring llriY d.] tirg l;n f; ,.1t.

-3J11!lll

l\'In Da:llik Ia l6n nhit ri da drroc thim dd. lldnr lLrong alunit hoic di rlur;i lrLix cira.ie nty
trung binh khoang 55%, phin cdn lai li thach rnh. (hrnrcdor \'r Lic rqp chir khlJ C:rc dxrg khing
l,o.r rirhcra il , th,ln u.lJcl " L.i J.l ".ironl,ict,ortuftii r. l:, .: qr. r '.'l ulr .

alumin lir quing rlunil.

4i!r!t!!

Chc durc tinh quirg l.:iinir rl irirl lLrcrng

dit kianil chira nhiiu lap ch61, nhurg khi tuyiin sa
Alror toi 60%, gen v6i thdnh phin cira klohng lit saah. Iinh quing kianit l:i ngu,.L Lr,rL Lut dc sr
.l nrin l..opl.r' gplripnh.i diir r'',r p.' rl.idr.n.Je '\'l ,,

ljr thu d!
Cic nhir mrly di0n l<m diurg than cirr nhiiLr tro lim nhidn li.l (tlran niu) s:1:i I rr- nl icrr rro
Him hong nh6m oxit trong tro nay len t6i 40%. silic orit khoing 50%. cdn L'i li f'rro. , C|O, i\'lgo...
sau khi thi6u k6t tro n?ry v6i v6i vithuh6i i u n i n . e .' r c , n i ,lr r ,t J- s\ \ rrir'' ilial 1fl cirii bui 1ro
r r , l , L

,1..r'i l"m n;,.' ir, lii ochu.rrollirrl, v.r J'i nElriir nl.

tr!!4il
Xcfi.\ii - krli alumosilicat nganr nlr6c K:O.3Alror 65io:.6llro chLia khoirlg itl5 K,O \,i r'an
',. 1.. r.' Lu . ^.r'. r. r. ' 11,r..
ro oAl L, ,rc. ,J.r.h\( cri, r,kh.lir .tr,a,lr r.l.lngr.r .,p,
dl thach anh chrie khoirg vnt da.g. Khi t!) Jr n;i cir dJ nJ) urn , t:a rrl trLr L|:1 .i. s||jirx, t.on[
d6 co CLr, ctin xerexit nim oquingdu6i. I Lrl cn noi Ini qulr r tl ,oi rrr , , tiril L. I SolLr r,)ii| \rrr'ri!
sach ki6i dit dt. Tirh queng xer€\it nht vi) drnq de rLr lr rhrnl .. ir i u.rrr r L r r rrq

Xi ld c.n

d nrQr s6 xLrdng luyfn kinr. ld rao lLryen tl)eo ch6 dO xi rlunrirr cao. thrinlr phir hrix hoc cLra ri
n1) lu.n g u r! !, h( enrr lcd( ' Al . sio

CqlLkt4lt.xtblJtJ
-Irong
cno lanh sach chrJa lJroang 39.7% Al:Or. Th6ng thuorg |
dicio hllr 'r,.11 thr:\
hi .J
anl.ocrcrirl-h.rrrgrirrg'r1.r,.'n.rDir len.p,r,l.imb;n ,1,'nql.,.r-, l,r'i . rJl' rr.',
chAt co bin. lliu nhu d,t sdt gdp d rnai noi di lhu hLrl srr chll r crlr .jc rhi r rhiir, cL'n!. ho ILr6n lu6n
sua d6i cic phuong phip da d€ nghi truoc di) d; rh; bi.r ,i;t set rir..r h ,lrrrin, rirnrnr. r'i cic loei
khic. Cao lanh chria it sit c6 thi niu trong ld rlien thdoh hap kim nh6nl sili..
 Dqll !::ilLt:t l t !4 !t!!!!!!r uilt uaig
Khi rl,inlr .:ii Linh ri I m0 lrring ir.'i ki. clrirg l]I)irng nuat pliir til lrt lrang q'riug. nli cdn phai
luu j ddn cl. \ ir) !la saL':

1. I1ilr lLrr.'u:l l;Or tfong quing

2. l-!.Li !i llra'nh fhan cic khohng vilt cLra nh6tn trong qLra,Lng

3. l'h,r c, ng phip tlm hii ,\llO.iiLcickhoingriilni) c6plLittlp kll6ng

'1. Ilirn I'r!-.n:t \ i (iirc lit$ oric Lhoing \.'rt khric cha quanrg
i. Di,l,, ki!r dir Iing ctra quan!
6. Dia'L kiif di:r li \at !:ifh t€ cl,a vn g
7 lli.' ngLrnr nlriin li6u. ntrot lri dilAn nrirrg c,; thi dirng duoc
3. ii.lri na'ng \i| rrullir
I1L,n:r l,lir r.;r riic kh.ti rhlc rrra.16.ti l{ri ilrl)'l.lrailrg pirtll riir ,linh chc chi tji) kinh ra kt rhuar
!LraquiitriLrlr r:r lii) r !i.i lfinh don ,'i sJn plrinr cLriricnIls Giith:rrilr 1p r)xo gdnr grr ngulcn ril_u. orcn
iing. hali plrii:r n, i , . lhiLL lrao rnrl ciL.r v. lhili bi. l,r('i)!i c,irs rrh:Lrr'
lihLr r : ,1,: l: irl \Llc tltrrI ca. L:r i liatr kirr1l ta k)' llrur-t sx \ iL \ it. dinh gi, nrd d' bi'r i]l'lr)g phai
'r

r 1/:/ .: \ tltl ttt:,ttL\ -\

-\hii rr t,:rL cir ciLa rLr0rrg n|LiI dri Ir ri rh:inh
phiirr liria hoc cLra alunrit la rr(''r dlr)h clc
'hrri
r,rp c|it rro r. rLir ni|] lrl diarr duorrg. lru-ll so \iJi ;\1, \'i lhi djin Ph.ln. carc rrgu]€n l! rrr\ L iL J ctrrr!
roi rrhirfvrir':r,:iur;rc|itlu,rngcLis\l Chc 1;,p clrir 1r'ong nlLrnri inl hon rh6rI cilng khdng cit loi. vi
chi,rslil..il,tLr \ii,Lh,lln nonrali thirn hr,),tIi)irr Iiortirt:

ii( -fr r l;\LL . /Jlt F ,\1.O. ( 1.5)

-1ii, .11 I t \tf- lF. L.r r,\t:o,

'IrL:Lr:r,irl li hilr loai kiirr cnnR' kinr loti ]iiirrr r|,i. girnr cibcrilir;i nragt f'Ll qirr!ur
.... h,, . rrlr.r\ l'i r,... lrr..,' ,nll'.r'r. l. .':\i...r' - lil f :rl
(irlt 1r|chi,t1r!r)!:alu in - rirlr lruong dic bif( l,jrrdarr q itrinhdiQnphirr:iratrl
NNfi oxil tric
dLiu\(!i ,i:'. Irnf:irr.i l'ingcha) rh.o plrin'jjrg:
\ ,\. i \'4,
l(5i lr(t' s;pir.lNlLl grlr1hoi-ct} s6.rLr rr\.rl-. AlF. ii s6 cu,r ch.( d err phir si lAng len. nrn
l: r1..r. r, .l,rr. l..ru rq,r' . r.fhcho l,i |l,', 1,:||'tr
rhrong c L,r,:lrij {ljiD |llan trofg nlrrlng diiLr kiiu nlruviy'phLi oLo llrir a)n tlorua rh.Lnlr flrir'lit
llnai cuil aii:i rll'n irirall

NLr{'tiJrr\ir)n,;.|\dlattrorrgalunrlrcufg$,nrcol,LNu..,lfrcur)g\orr\lF.taolhinhHIr,
lllibar'lluri ba clriL ,ijin phin: ngoii \ i6c nit nriit tlo I chch !6 ich. cdn liLm xdu rliir i rir' ,c srr h doi
ri,i cir g nhil liirr \ iac llr)r,!r ri,.rong |i !i1 al|nin xLriL rLrdtg kll6nlt duoc chira nuoc h)dfal va kharng
duoc hit;fr nI iau

Dii l|ii llrrLlin khong d$oc qLri th6 cnng kl,.ing dugc qui nho quri. Alunlin hat thai se hda tan
cLia
c|im trong chrit diin pllin. da tao thirh kir riug ddil bd, alLrnrin |4 nh6 qui sa bay ilu rhr(u khi do
rao bi rrr |1ri grij r,irg bi diin philr. Kiclr llrtrlic cic hli alurnin chLi laLr do dO min cii| Irlr6rn llldfo\ut
dcm nung dd qLLvet dinh. N{urjn duoc ahrmirr c6 d6 har mi lhich ho-p l1! ddiirr phin. da hr1 cia nha)rn
hydroxf ban diu phii nim trong pham vi 50-- 80 Fnt.

10
 i]II()\c::

Nt10I1 |\L \ \ \Flrl.\1iJ\'l) t( r\l l

r ir'i r r''r1,\ l- l-u'L i\(l I ii\l I C l .\ NHorl ll\ i)Llo.\lT

L NII0lt o):t I Tit:iP

\hi,m roi or;r tra rhti,rh I hcp chal: \1rO. Al0,,A.lror' IIai lo?i diu ox1'1 rhap chr c" rhe
r:han Lluoc b.lng phLL.,rg fl)iP nhtlr tlo o nhill d6 cao T{hi lu}gn silico rh6r1r
rfong ld di€n thil co cic
,,',i ;;;,r, ';,i ,t,, L-i r.ous,.,'6t.,,a t chil c'Lra bi'l Bele;<ki vri tlapoporr.hln drroc 'i' rin' "
irr rhit nril khi horirl ,rgulair alLrrnrn b.ng cacborr '-i lE0" tforg chan kh6 g' cLrng nhu fJ r nrnr lon
i,,,, I lnt ir,,rr,r l; irng graphit ri) i l0Lll" tip suil thu'Dg' 116i rr udng ld 6rrg chn ] iu li
"f,,",i" 'rlih tha"1,;rl 'i
r at r.i .. rlit(lQl.7-1 k|6lrl |han Lrng voi nuoc.cicaxil olohldrllYasuuf'rri'
chi
kir(lO crlc
,!.11!LrrrclriLrirrrii I'iirrr khr rrLLrrgnong Circtilir tll'i lr:rrr-g luc ldng sip rip rrgurirr tn dri)'d'tc tforg
lLL. Lg tlrilr 1rr cr:l cl. iiirtr rjra iiil.. iirh thc! $ir da \ir crir tii liiu ciu 1lric ria roiten
chune lo chirn;r
rr.r!r unl- r(rr irL.rp.rirr
,\1r( ). ,if ,,c 1rl) llr.i IlriLrr trlrg

.:

Iihi .lr. b.i hoi ,\i-() ja liralrg hoa \ri rrgLn:r l!r o nhinlg ch; kdn) n6ng holr trong ld

Ili,ng Ihuonlr piLlp qt r'! irQc tinh thi dri \li,r .ii'rh riur.rc rinh chit d'irrg nhir rli di irrr6rS cirLr c'ic
1l!rh lLra nlr;l r.lrqr trli.lLis,l .Iial quang:

N= 1.19 + 0,0:l ;Nf =l.ll + 0,01

aiLr: \f i .\lr(-r torr,:ro 1|i lao thinh nh(lnr .)i)l thap lJac A1O, oiit ni.v nhil] duqc I'hi cho

I \ l.o. t,i10 a,):

l\c,, fii lii'r ::1,::.,'\ll) dL(jc taro thirnL klLi Lrrrrl: hin hop nh6ru \'61 coruniltrrn loi l'150" lr''jr!1
.lr,: r i.:l,auii .,i :Lir suil j{) i)url Ig

\ \r
l\l:iii lJ-o rlrirnlr
'\ .(l. i\l(l luoril irrrg = :'li0lr0 \ i 1l3rJ00 callrlg

(,ir hr.r, r\ rr flr,i,rr r;.il hor lri tlriP lto t]lirrh ,' nhiot d0 cao. cing nhlr !:ti lro cLla chirng lrong
', I : . ..:" \,l,or,r.,r"..; .d c:l in 'r "lr'r'l
).,u,t,',\,Jiit'
Crl' l rl|rg kit t rh c,r.r alLr in: o- Al:O, I ,\lror, F- Airor .<;'Al:O; I uu ) r;ln,1: l] Al'( r,

lil\inrg lrhri lanlLn'iiii ihLrin. llr.rn nil) da xic dinh riLLtrc str tin taicnn mil s6 dqng Al u lirtirLhkl Lr,

' . , . r:' .1,1. . ,, . 'r i.r ,c .'rl, ., ,l',

lt
 o:- AI:O. li trorg thi€n nhi€n garp o dtrg l.ihoin:r \:1 .lr'irnJum. Cilrlr !il)
d?ng b6n !nng nhnt,
th€nh}nduqcloai niLy theo phuorg phep nhan rao brr",crch nrn! !,,c iLi h n rrJri,ritrioxitdi|
nhiCl dO cao. C6 the.]ren duqc corondum trcng qud trinh rhiet rr}6n1 lheo phrn irr3:

Feror + 2Ai = a- Alror + lire

1lo,c Crroj + 2,\l = (r- Alror + 2Cr

\l,iFr rao rha']h .Lr ,r J .rn l,(o l,l .,n t g

- (l
21\16 % O' h- =
'\lror [j' Al)Or
Brilrg - 400 kcal,'mol. Lntropi cria corundunl

S"298.16 = 12,5 cafptg. "C

L2298,16 - l2l0 cal4rtg

Corundurn sach n6ng chiy o 2050', sOi 3500"

Aluminn6ngch:i} r-o d6 rat nhc vli d; k.r \h eti,')rgc,r,\ tlri\11,. =600Lrc1i,p1!. !,, \ !,
cdn nhiar ba], hoi 11790 cnl4ng NhiCt dung phAn tir c6 th6 xho dinh $eo ca ll llLic ,1oLr girirr :jar diiy

L,:2r,86-0.006-lr r: 100 -1i00"

Corundum thiin nhien vi nhiin tto c6 dg cLiug cao; bing 9, chi sa! kirn ouorrq. Dd cinl! cio .Lr.l
corundurn cho ph6p ta sri clung cor Lrndunr lirr !Jt lLiu rLr.ri Tu c.rurdurn .lri r ,tro uit ki€u gom binlr
*'Lch 0' AlrOr thiiu kdt alumin ki lhuit vdi mot Li (t;t ,irnh Cofun,lr rn hdt rho llr orlr clrifr cric lirf.
ch6t th^ch anh, sat oxit \ i cic ta! chat khac goi ld cit connrduo).

' Al ( ;p 'r r rl,;<n hi<nnl|r ... rl.e 'l,i

'. k1o !, ,
'droc.l r t,r ' , I r'r",,,
cich Lrn nguQi tn tir pha lolg trcn-q he NarO-AlrOr-SiOr !:i Nlg()'.\lro. SiOr . ll .{lr.} clrirh [] h,r r
Lh.rl,o. -...aAl O \o i;L I Ll?ollA.lr.i..'.r.rrlLr lr'

Carr tnic cira p- A1,O: rri gin r6i ciu trirc cria spincl. fiic oxii cin krli. L:rfi... s; t,!o 1h:!Jrh ll'
AI7O. cir mang k6t linh luong tu nhu nrnng kSr tinh cna f- \l,Or . con catc o:l l:rri liii. r,.r.n.
K J q'r(r r'llf n C3. lren crl n " \ l\

Kali \a Datri criolit Li clc chit kho.{ng hoa t6t dd t3o thAnh ff All), . 1,.,. r 1,,,, 1,,' -
AI)Or irongchitdien phi]n d6ng.]i]c d thdnl bd dien phin nh6rn. Khi rr',rngcriolirki iinc:1 tonr rLl,r,;
cilng liro ra p- Al:O,. . Vi du, khi Siii h6n hsp 209i KrAlf. \,di 309i, corunilLrJx i !:{r'al iiri 1na,n lil
conrndurn bi6n thinh !'Alror . Hiqn tuang nny cune sni, rr khi nung conur,hu \iii 1.\r.Alir6 . ]ior,.
cic rinh rh6 p- AlrO: kh6ng phir hien rhay flo.

Khi thay corundum bing hcnalit (i1- AlrO,1), khirng quan sit thiy sLL chIlin biir rhi,nh ll- .rlli)
khi co mit kali lri natri criolit. Nludi ta ctu! di rac ,liIh rirrg. drroi rir d rng i r .i ..r 1l.irlr girin don r-.
AlrO; kh6ng bi6n thArh Il- AIrOr . l'ap chAt ll AllOl troug cortndun khi silr xLrir co,undum lim b,',1
mii la c6 hai, vi da, cimg cna 9- Al:Or thap hon da cri g corundun.

Khi nung, p
A1:O; lai biin thinh corundun. loai li6n kdt vdi kin loei kiirn biin rhdrlr
cofL,ndum d nhi6t d6 thip hor so v6i Ioai li€n k6t vo"i kim loai kidm th6 Sau khinung hang gjd- lo:!i
kali-ahrnin d 1200" chua rh.iy rhey d6i gi nhrmg o 1:100" de bdt ddu bi rhi€Lr ltar. cic t;rli -l,i ri.:r'; bri.
rro erdrr,.mirdocrla.lr np r 'r'p v" ruir hidr ri-h rr.1.' .\lO . l:in I:.. ,11 ,'J. i,b .r ddi n '
l.l
 c:ng liirg. (-r lailil li,ttiiLjLxnirL horir roiu biin rhdnh conrndum. nril d6 cua no tang lir l.-l.l JCn 3.96.
. i. ..i. rr:'o.. 410. r'..r,rlr.,.,1 rt,i|r'-. r Q :ruurll Joi \ irrlr..
'alu|l)il, nlrrrilr !i 1il0' mrii bjin roi| Lrrl :rarri Jl-alumin rllanh corrndLrm.

Khi r,Lng c,rrri p-alLrnin Iai tlril khic: dLr6i 1600" kh6n-r rhil bi6n ddi rhinr u- At:o,- ulic dn
sauLhi nLrirtrral ,:lii tans tir i,5-i dir t.7. d 1700", p Alrot hoinroin bidnrhanhft Alroi.cdnmir
.l!-) c'l.l srn t|irn sr khi \n lj b,in! I Ia l la 3 93 . iriong irng vo.i ciing thiic CaO.2AlrO. .

Str thic nl)ru v,.l iranh ricaa r:ic loai atL]liin chng kii,n v:i ki6m rh6 khi rrLn.a nong duoc
l or(rjlov !i ( il]hl.:ho! gl:ri thi.ll ring. dLi I:i do co ch€ phin li cric orir b6n kh6ng gi(ing nlrau. Cnc oxit
cLra kinr Lrl jiiaur b:L) hii. cc| orii cLrr liirn loaikiem rh6 thl phirr 1i phuc tap honr d,r! trin r.r. thrnh
cric hop chl l.i.irn hon C.,O 2i\lro, . !6 la.'i vf, nhilL dd cao chung bin horr, sau d6 c,ic tirh th6
|l.l, I i :.,, !1,. l" r"
ll. J.l lhl srlrr urit conrlr.irurr rir rgLrlen ti€u chLia rap chir r6i si tao rhdnh tl AlrOj ngay ca kli
ilur rrguiri |he lrlrrlr xLrirng t6i I l0ft' \/i vriy c6 thd pirong doin ring. khi larr ngua)i nharrh pha loog si
thu dLrlr'c corndrLrr kh,irrir chiru fj Alroi Ldn\i urrr rn Lhi irl 13i.r(rndunr u drng CaO.2Al:Oi \'i
cir rhi kliu d|',c l,i g ficll hiu rln 1r.o|g rtLLIit dich flct.

(lJi]Jrir .\lrO, nlri| dirL.c llrl khLr nuric cia liu! jrh6n, hldraljlir. ba)€rjt lurlr bdnir o.500.C.
l|nrrg gi,l, i ;\iraJr rro|!j Lhiaf |hiall nhLrngrl L Li, c rrran rlroL = plruorg ptLip rhill rao. Ntridr i(to
' \r ..lpr.. r, cro .- \ " bi,irr'l . rr
'- \rO.. \ni -., r r 2- -1p 5 ,
,\l:O; iLrorr r;:ir ir,ii ii riu,ic. luolre rrr.',: nri! nlar ci khinLrng iAu duai t000"cnIg kh,,rLg rlrc lhLr kicr
rli ilLr,-.c. lL,.r:r.ir1: rirr 1:i sri lu..g khoirig l9; sa bi khi khi nu.g tr.;n l00r:)" bo.r \in6 bi giu
'oi
irorlg dung (lirir ,:n.,1 rl,a o.l,,ng io,r 1[r]rorit ninr irn dinh r|oirg nrang kit tinh cira
tr Atror.Vidc
khi nu.c cix hi kinr theo srr chLr]€n 0hftltr chang./ AllOl thinl (l AlrO; . Khi c6 I it LirO thi marg
tiirh tha cr.r ,' ,\11O, si bin |on. l.hi h.rnr trroJlt cua l-;ro klrorng 0.19,0 nr.rng tinh rhe .ra Al,O, sC
7
lirn tai rli:r lal)l

l)o dd. I]lriat da biin dni-i. At.Oj thn|h rorundunr tfuoc hit pt)u thu6c vao bln ch.ir tr,,.r hoc cur
cicorir 1:i'ril,fr-,\l-(lr*irnqi)i,r'Ihfofolopo\r.ac.rr.rkhorrAr-orbi6nthanhco,.ndLrnrn!ra).rir
LhL,.ing Sa{r |j,l" !i!,,xirhoul.rintirrl,i-,,r rr.iu,,ri . itr,rl Lrrrrhiphai ri], j0j0,.

( il. rr')crtlt c.iinirhl|lirg lnnciirr rr. kirtinhcL.r,i I r, \r![r,k3liarnxyiporai_C]osi!de

irrig 2.miLL i l rlrrgiliL: rriu rring ra rrriu hrlng crt 0,01,1?r Feror. N,tiu tr6ng k€t tinb irranlr corunclunr Lr
rnru trini l.r1 ti],h th) ir conLuri,rm o Klri nung h]dfat o nhj rl;ii. viic chLrl.dn
bijn 1 Al,rJ; thinh
.onrndurrr frt rl,ir ngry khi nhi.ll rtai r,iu 900.,, nhrrng tirln hinh fil chanr. fl; nu,rg
L,"p r,,. ittOO
1.1.0l rrl,r dLr cirLrl", iriclnnh,rrhho. rthi co l it flo, cnng nhu hoi n.6c. quar trinh
sa nharh lan f6 fir.
crr:irrifirlUa,rjkarnth.ori.3crqiamt|iiirhrr ,f r tt lS. \ r\. \ r.rr lu!iLr7-Alrr. rrirrl hon uhi€u so
".
riti rrrit da; c,,u r-,\l:(1.. (binq t)

Iirnr, l: :'ltir l.1i ,"i tirilt d)i c:ic drng kit tirrh cira alutliri \a hJ.dfa! cLja no

fllflll lla kcr Linh chiat qrallq

I " ii:l' ""'
I iir,,'1' :-l
lllrllriIii I t:oj.til:o
""":'l':ll.t:1:'" i __Yl"
m A .r) H.O Nt l.65il
Nr,-t,616

t-Al:03 Lip phuong r-.{l:Oi

N..l,696

.J

y- Al:O; nhin drrclc rj nhi€t d6 thip c6 tiic dung manh !i,i c,ic dLl kiim vi .r:-il. rrtnlr.dn ric (turg
h6a hAc vdj Na?CO.. KOH, NaOII khi n'rDg t6i 800".

Khi c6 hoi nrLdc thiy- Alror ho0t linh , nhiin du(rc d nhii{ da rhip si biin thin| t\i jrir r!.x} (i
150" vd thip troi), cdr c! rhi6t d6 phi,ng ihl 7- A1:Or hoal linlr lic du|g cJrittn vai nLrir l,ian ihjnh
hyd.agilil. NhLr co ktnh hien vi dien tiL n€n di pher hiCn dLLoc su thr) dni chim tri vi r:Lr rrnc cua 7
Alror hoattinh, kdci su thiry hi,a onhietdO phongcnahoi nu6c chirr! rrong khdn! tni \a| 4 ttrarng il
nhiet dd trong Irhdng. lop y- AlzO; hoaL Linh bi6n thrinh hydrar viri chiiu dty tru g binh khoarg 0.5LLDl

Thco 1 scl tr'ri lieu. khi rrung cric rirh rha AlCl,.6ll:(f d nhiat i1a 2i0" s; duor 1 rJang rhir hinir crn
nh6m oxit kban 6-Al,Oi c6 mit ald 2.,1 . Nghi€n crl.u saLi niy '"€ ria X cr'ra srir phirn nrL:r:r AlCl;.6H1{r
chrng td rin-q, d I80 200" dtoc chit va, dinh hirh, kii nung dirr 650' nn biJn thiirrh 7 At,Ojthi,rtin.
vdcl€n950"chu16nthinho,Al:O;.Kl6rgl,tLnthictnrlr:i1 ld1 , iL, ,rl, r.r,,kl,.!rLt.r.ii,(),cri.
Alumjn lhLr0c lorihtrp chlt ltrorg tinh. Voi crc oxir kiim ]rir rao rhirl alurninlt., llria( {ia cao.
cdn v6i silic oxirsilicat (nulit, silianit. ). con lhi .i,sjli!61ii1ir6r..,irkurnl.|rr rtLrmosiLicxrtrtruc
rap

Ti h chit h5r hoc ciia ,rlumill li hl'(lrirt ciix n.i

Trorg cic loai da hinh cira nh6rr oxit, comndum c6 rd chirc vrrny birr nlLit li 1 ir- l " r,, ,
cd. Corundurn phin irng rit cham v6i cdc dd krdnr li sir ugrl ci kl i 1, rhict iln c,.! lrfor.r iir!rh). Khj
thi€u k6t, corundun tic dung v6iNezCO3 , KrCOj . CaCO3 , rl LIICO, . nhrnrs
"lrirrr
jol "o v(;i ca:
loai klric cria alumin.

l.l
 -.'--..641

",\ I8i0 1

Hinh 1: Cir il|ic'ng nung nong

lIa:Cli rJ:Y.^l:Ol
Z ll,r:al trr t -': .1 droa

' ''r, .' r. r.r.ril:r . 1"\. r'l r.niI- rr'.1.r(I ..'I. rrlrJ. roc d. lr'JIrl
cr:r r;.ang rhanh. l)(i ltl. da diirr phin cril, ir.rlrLrr rru !ch.rlo\t,L! rorr !f,n dirlrgcor dtirno

iro drl r6i nhiiLrh6aphirll richiitnongchir),!iui) ngLloi ta dirng corundLrnl

Cor urilLrllr L,ar \ il
l;nr thMh trrr r.r cric thiit l,i hoa hoc. sin pr-fr.hrrr I'r.r \n \rLiJflg Nqr\ ca tomndum nrin ciirg
khnng hirr !rr. rliiu Dr'ry (l(rr trorrg cloi \'6i \i6c diar phin cfiolil ihnir n(,ng chit.

.'.r,.. \l "i .rrr.or..^.Lo, \_ J'l.; J r,c.o ".c.lol-rn\'.\l l,ri

rlrrr:jr. nlri:r dLroc llri n ns a Ihi€t da thip, luong I nhu nltdrl lrydfo\il ba nu6c-h]dragilil.

\ri tinh hart inr nranh rl bi hldrJi lfl iL r n nen ]- Al,, r n r.rn .lLLqc khi nung hvdroliil o
cLi
nlrirl ,li rl,ri|, clri chi co llre.lurrg rlt rli6n then criolit aftrlnin ntDg clla] r!ra] sau kh li1 7 \1.l). r.r
f:hii ln run:r. Nirr llrr-,ng. phrl lrngl lro. lannAn 11100". Khi nLrDg,I AlrO. bi6n ll,inh (J.-,\iro, \'i
mir rilh clr.lt lrLit inr

aj.Ll,rn!rt)a,rvnns.ir:rnh6nrhtdIo\it h)dragilil, bornit, l.ir ditrsfo o' lhjet dqj kho,Ing 500" sa
biir thinh ;. ,\lror |o,.Lc ( Al:O. . It.b., ij rl,. r rc dflrg ket t nr Lr.ir n]JLL cnrL nh6m o\it \ri
irld,.',;trhiirllllo.ri: l,).l 1r,, u l|ing4niLLlar I \a iinh chit va dic di6m rinh thC cr'ra cic loai nh6rr
i'\il lii fhllln h) (h o\it.
'l ir 5ti,)g,1 1.r s0 chidt qirang, d6 cnng !d nrit di]. ring ddn tu h)dr.rsilit dcr
rl,,i' rirg. chi
cofLn(lunr. ci,,r hoal !i,rh hnr hoc voi clc dd kiin v;\ axit giim tir h}'d,agilit rldn corundulri, trirT-,.\lror
. hoir lini) ciir rll phr thLrnc r:ro dieu ki6n thu nhan. llLr6i day trinh balr slr phLr thLr6c,:ua tirh chet hor
lL!c .Ll,r nhnrr o\it', i h\ (1..'rir \ rio dia'r ki€ll tao thaoh cirung.

.. r.r..ii. -.I i. rr,.;.-c .r r^ irLrirr'.r J:..T ,.., ,rl, r'g dic., .efir,rr.r,lir ',
h
fonrit hr'i'rc rlilsp,r si chuyen thiinh corLurdum. Llomit ohLryin lhirllh corundun o nhiC! ilu r i xp .uir t rip
hin .liaspo li)ri c6 ciu t|rlc g:r SiOlg ciu tric clle rofnndum. Tu d6 thiy rilg viQc chia thdnh 2 loli 1
ti c- r\11O. ll kh6ng clLr co sri

HtdH:rilit la thilh plri r r-o bir oLha bor,it hvdfagilit. i\"h6n h)dmxit ar d(lng Let rinh na) c.n
nhiu rhroc r, riLlong aluiriir khi phnn hoa dung dich alurnirat barg phuonS p|ep khuit |hin hor ho.c
I t1, lr 1". r' h\' r'ii.ir r..r,. l. r',(l,oi cl ng ricl"a i.:rlrhir kien. diirlrl r':r
cin thiat lrorr san \Lri1 rlulli .

\l,irr r' : :. r r . r"i,-. 1'l.r rr

15
 2A1,+ 3Or | 3H?r -2^(OII)]
Bing 315 kcal,/plg. Nhi€t dung cia hydragilir c6 tha \dc dinh rh.o cnng rhLr. sar:

cr - 2I + 0,05 1:1r cho ptg 2A!(OH)r , enlropi c ir3 .^.lror.3H!_)

5 I ,"- jj.j. 0I
^,..1
prg. C

K]li nung trong khonng 100-300" hydragilit rnaL rruric vi chu;0n rtrintr bor),ir, ru) [hien, cic ti ]r
thi: \,n giu drioc ve nSoei cta hydragilit.

AhO:.3HrO + 36,3 kcal = Alror.HrO (bonrir) ., 2H1O (hoi)

Inng nhiel d6 sC ldm tnng nhanh quii tri|h chLrysn biCn hldragilit rhirh bomir, nhmg ldrl hinr
lugrrg kiAm cxo thi qud irirrh niy se cham lai. d nhiat d6 khoing 500" b,rrlir rniL hiLr hJt nrr6c fcirn
khotng 1%) vd bidn thinh 1- Al,Ol :

Alror.3HrO (bonit) r. l5,l kcal :'), AIJIr r- l lro

Bomit (AIOOIl), goi theo ren cia B6m ngroi dn r& li dung dich nlr6m su,)rjrr-,rmonixc ( i,n
1924) da duqc k6t tia. c6 ciu trirc tinh thi! tuo.ng hr nhLr FeOOIL Nghiin ciru tii X cLie ti,Jn ohirng ra,
r?ing, ioai c6u trLlc niy cia rh6m hydfoxir li toni ph6 biin r6ng rai trorg borlr

Nhiet dung cia bonil crj the x6c dinh rheo c6ng th[c thuc nghi€ur seo:

Cp = 12,99 + 0,0059T i,1.l0iI:

Nhi€t lao thinh theo phan rnrg

2A1, + 2ork + H)r - 2AIOOII

D.iIs k o.lne Jli l. .l .re | ,, .fi bi r

S"r1]s,r6= 2l,l 5 r 0 1 kcal/ptg.'C

BomitnhdndLroctheophuongph6pnhinraobirngcnchnung|l,dragiti1lfrrrgt,l,r.rLi|r, r._
octola voi nudc d 200". Ndr trong nu6c c6 hda tan kiirn thi hydragilit biirr thrintr boruir rhiit Cri thlp j
hon. Anh huong cira odnq d6 Na;O vi nhidt dd riLrns .tich nhLi:sau: IriLr nruin chLryin ijr,ji, hlljrrlftr1
tbinh bomir khi o6ng d6 NarO ln 93g/t vA nhiet di 150,cin 10.5h: cdn khi NarO l2.1g cl,r c:r !1, I l-
khi ting nhi€t d0 len 170". rhdi gian cin thi6t rirt ngin ru6ng tLrtrne unq ti lh !,i .1jph

Diaspo, dang k6t rinh khiic cira nh6m hy(lro\it ph6 bj6n r6ng fit rronr lhj€ nlrieo vi I..r lljarh
phin chi 1dL: cLra boxir diaspo \,:i boxit diaspo,bonit. Tru6c dA) \i6c tao ra diasJro nhid rao
.sip nhiiu
kh6 kirnn. bdi vi khi nung bit kl dang nio cLra nh6n hyctfoxir troflg lJr6ng ktri hoio rrone ciic nrii
trudrg kbi kh6c ciing dau nhan dLroc bomit, chir kh6ng dunc diaspo. Gin rliiy., n-r:uji ta di nghiir cirLr
nhAn diaspo= phuong phrip thLr] nhi6t cho rlr rrh\,t.o\it tii1. rrrc r"r rn. rr!|g ociola d
thln !i
'80 rtt, r.r if ruar tJq- i
Djaspo li dang nh6m hydroxii kim hoat tirrh h6a hoc Dhit, vl v:j). khj rLr li bo\il lc ri dn\p! . n
phii 6p dung nhimg diiu ki6n ldrric vdi khi xu li Ioai boxit bomir.

Klri nlrifr d6lhoir'g 5000. cl.a,po biJr.h rr.tr co,r, Jr nr:

AlrO3.HrO (diespo) + 3 1,8 kcal = o- Al:Or + HrO (hoi)

16
 D,li Lhi lrl,ri nu,,srrLra. L,oxit diaspo xiL li Li,rr) fhuongphip Bale o.500" 600".saukhi nlrng
nLLr \il denr hdr t.1n trolrg octol.r sC gi:im duoc nhiiL tlir. rhoi giu ri rr6ng d6 kiim
iroa lan t6t hon i:r do !.1,i rL|rg i rrlLiar dO
Iirlr kt rran thlrc t6 diaspo kha)rg r6n rai. odn cAc hal
coru|dn|r,hn:,c tao th:rnh lai rtl nhd vn \6p do ,r,.ir .. \i.:n! kt:L r nh cua co^rrdu .1L|oc liro th,lnh
,.rr -.. t..1,i. r'.1, ",
rrr -rr" clr."bi'.1..r.. ' . ' . -lr"rr r'.u . U r,. b.r.,.r 5rr'rr
L.rr"J.i. I rr.i.n. ,. r.L r. l- . rr - ro,Ci. I b,r,l,r.

l7
 J. O{?.\u \tn CIO.\CH)/)Rt)nT; C/1C D.t.\u fRl.\(J titt\ r r 1

NHOl,l O.\tt

r --.-1"

,,f
3_
(-
.,_/

llinh 2: Duong thing nung n6ng

1. hydragilit

llinh 3: DLrong cong nung n6ng

L hydragilit

2. hydragilit nung tru{:rc d l75o

3. hydragili hat nh6

l8
 tiiiu rirg ritLr nhiit lon diu tiin trin dLtirg I Ia do khrt I phin LLi nudc da bian lhalrh bomi!, cdn
hiiu tng rhri I rhLr horr- mit phalll ri nLrdc thlr i de biin bourit rh,nrh rn o ALo:. Cic duong nL]ng
u6 g cLn b.nrir: \a.liaspo 3 c6 ilic dliar li co cnng t higu inrs lLLt Jrhi:t, d6 Ii do kLrLr rrLroe Litn Lir
h6a hoc giry fir ia biirr rl,inh !i t- {1:or !i ri Ai:O;.

FIinlr I li nrng nong h)drallil kh:,c \'|)i duang L ir llinh 2i duo|g thrr nh lL ." I lrieLL
carc dLrirng
tng th r)lri!:r, dLrofir rhif 2 h,ti. aluL\ir!1 thil I $6t hiCo iIrS 16n. cdn chc hiqu ung khic thi kh6ng
rl.ins kl
Nghian ctu ti ur! clc san phin cr'ra qLr6 rrinh khil nLi6c !'d crc duong cong nung n6ng hldragilit
rhiir nhiin vl nhnn lro. l'hcdochev di don kir i'r:ir ring. hieu iLng thu lrhiet dau ri€n tr€n dudrrg I hinh 2
hlo ldrn f hiiL, r'rr!: hiill L:rng rl,t,rl,l'tt xi,y rr troog mQt lhoing nltiet d0 rat hqP, % phe' li nir6c
'nal
(!!u;,rg L l,i,,l, -ll. i,ia', !rr-4 thn I \ii fr ngay sau hieu brg thir rhil vi li6n hinh cho d6n khi khl} hdt 2
tirAr trl 0!rL',. Jil| tiin. lliiu [irg nlriil thl 3 (!i (:!Lc .hi 6 5:0-5:0'C - k]rt Phan lil nLr6e tlhti .l Yi bian
b,)n|rir thirjl) rn -r-,'.1;l). .

l\lgui)i liL r:rc dirrh ring ,:- fhiir lLr rluocdtmito ntgal ll5'',\'i vey dunng 2 n rrl r,orL3 L iu di
rlr:ng nt)rg trr(it a, nhiil ala)ni) ciri .(ilhiau r,-rlhu||lr ti tLnq.ri 'n.rrlrtrduonr hinh2

:l

lii

ti +

:: :l. rli :.1 a.ll

ll rh l:Do rlri rrhietllri nurglrl!lr.rirlit

I hcn Ph(lirchc\. \ i6c phin h6a nhiir cLrll hl dragiiii c6 thi tbco k;iu saui

1. AI:O..lJ:IJ rqr .) Alror 2.5i lro -r' 0.5llrO

2.Al1O..1l1O + q.) r\lrOr.HrO + l,5llr0
1..\l O,.Ji.a) q, ) 7-,,\lro. il:O + Ilro
r
lir hii irng t!r r|i.;t trin duinl nung rring h; drasilit c:ifl.! da duo. c Kalinina, l'orai Kosixghi
lii. \hflng lro cho iing irii rung |6ng hyd|agilir din 300", cnng \1ii bomit s€ tiio ra nr6t lLr(mg nhir
' ,, i ' ..1,.,.r,". L. ^lr. .rt ft trru ir.phi-. |,.. L^r ',. rrr,r l'\J
I\)
 dinh hinlr hoic phin tin cao, tralrq ihri nd) cun !r r ! r,, dun b|tr r.,t J. Lr . , L h;.n t, .\j{); tiir ljrjir u
h0 lep phuong.

Broun, Clark \i
Elliot di dua..,ato I hieL, irng thu nhiir.it r; rr;n .li t|i ,ira! ho nhtn riuLrc L[i
khr'r nr6c cia hJ'dragiri! (hirh 4) de dda ra clch giii drich khric.i6i ch,ii Duai
r90'L\.irtr:Jirii i]ri,r!l
phin hd]. nhmg giua 200 :t00o (hi€u rmg rhu nii6r thir nhd0 n6 phen trr.ry chim ttrinh bornii,
dCn 100i,
c:i 2 loai hydrat ddu c6 s6 luung = nhau. d :OO" ftie' ing rhir 2) h] (lraeilii con t3i chLrl
in bi€' nharrh
lhanh X alumin klidng ng{rn nucic, cho ta hdn l,l
l-rlumin bonrr. \l
s,2 i\nri}, klra,ngfl)r rhrl,,:i.ii
cho diin 530", klid6 bomit chu)an thdnh vi 1- Al;O, vi miu g6n h6n lrrp ,
curl I va 7 r\tltr;.

Kii nang bien dOi truc riep hydragilit thdnh nh6m oxit kh6ng gaim |uric ciing al: duoc chiutg
minh bdng c6ng trinh cia chatelein, nho phrin tich tie x, chaterei' xlc ainh crr,rc ri,-rs Lli ttru
rrL.,i-
tr€n b€ mnt c6c hat hy dragirit s€ txo rhdnh chc rndng orir, meng ni) ngi.,, cirrg di]
rhinr vri hcn lr.ng c(i
chLla bornit Dal'vd hill gid thidr ring. bonir si'h ra khi phin h6r nhi"rt
hyrrrrgiliq ri s.'r 1,h.iur eLr.L pLur
rlng rhf sinh girra drdrn oxit hoar rir ki6ng nginr nrdc duo. c tiro thinh ir nhi€r
rid trrip vLii rroi nuoc rio
khi khi chirng bi ming diy cha nhdm oxit can rrir Do d6, khi rao tliiu kiin LhLrin loi
dr f:rrrr rrharrh lroi
nu6c klli nung lr\dragilir c6 th€ ihl]n duoc nhdn) orit. b6 qua giai doxn lrung lliirn r.,o
lJriLrh bo.rir. (li
la dieu d6 giiithicl dang dudog cong:l (xeni hinh 3) khi nung n6rrg hi,thlgitjicri d0 prrl,r trtn cu,,
nhrin
duoc 6 nhiet d6 rhip hicu irrg borr)ir rit nho. khi rriuu ki.;n nLrng nrrLr n
'L Ll,r rr-\{rrr!irr rr.u rnn ir ficLr
irng bonrit rit ro KLi hvrrragitir hat nhai tili rnang nh0n oxk ni,.g trJ',,ii rr,iu,, ii. gl,, .r,,
r,,r. i,i,,
d8n vi€c khL'r nhanh hoi nLr6c.

chin kh0rg di urLr n,L,cLuatr)tr.r.ilir LJ ,r,i,.t, i.hi n'og tr).rir.1ilir

CADg c6 kl,n na.rg dr)ng
hat nh6 r,! hi lir trong chin kh6ng l0 lnmtJg. nga! o i 70. di dLrlrc r,jrijnr or.ii lrt tron:j
nror Snr doin
kbLi nu6c kh6ng thi) bolllit.

Nhamg tdi lieu k6 lr€n cho phdp nhan dinh ring, bornit xLrir hie. r,ong tJiiu rritl,r rir.lng
rriuong
nurg hvdragilit' li sin flem cna phiD irng thir sinh giua nh6rn oyil hoir rinh ,iLruc r,,n
,., .t,,, ri.,, ,.,t
hoi nrlirc.

Nhnng ninr gin di)- nsudira nrran dLroc r.ri Ii€u moiva hian
frja c,rr,,h6rn h\(rrorir \,r o):it r,r,i
nung o nhi€t d6 cro ho.n. cho nen da hinh rhlnh kh:ij tlialn - Airor trt sin
1 tl)in rnrn!: gi,r,) lilitng J,riln
rLra)c daio nh6t lr6n b[dc duong nhrin o, Al]Or.

Stuml Russell Newsomf. !dTucker.hxic rtiuh fing, riry ih.! bin cbir crirL h).rjro\rt brrn.tir.
ngoei d AIrOj., c6 th€ nhan duoc 6 deng rrung gian khic cira nh6nr orjr. Jrhurg dang
r.rl iruLrc c1it, :rJi
lat-nlror:
0-, o-,o-. T-.f. {-,1- Alrol
o- v:i 7 Alror cia diy ney kh6ng lion quan vo.i ki hiQu vi dang kar iiJ,tr cLia rlrnn oxil di n(ii
1.r6c day. cidi han nhiar d6 xu;r hien vd tinh \.irrg bin cta cric l,rai kbirc nhrLr rhuirc rrrr1.
.'., tring rr'r 11
- t6i a - Alror , Dnng hydragilit. ba)eril, bomir, diaspo (sir diaspo c6 l07b SiOr !i I ir ifiJ rlrsr ii?t.l r i.
lr (,i I.ir \i' lii r o"n rlrrr di n;hieI curr
llydragilit nhin dulrc bing phurrng ph,ip khni_,, phin hda dung dich 1lt0,ril:rr, brl.crrr c:Qorrr,
-
h6a dd nay o 10", bornir - nung hydragitir trong octota d 40.. Tdn rhdr khi nung nriu b(Ir]rl li t6 99/,,
lon hon 1,9% so \oi giri tri Ii thLr),61. Cec 16c gii cho ring, Iuong nudc du li do rrcng
bon)jt c6 I hl|roll
rrlro hvdr,rgilir gr1 n,1n

Khi nxng cAc loai nh6m hydroxir kat tr6n sa duL.rc c6c loai nh6n oxit khic nheu:

l{_\,d.agilil ) bomit ) 1) 1) rr) e) n Allo;

20
 Brl cl it ) bDnril + ri+ d) u , AlrO,

Llon,il j'r,-, c) o)Lr ,\11O.

Dirisjrotu-,\l.a).
Nhiat dri biar) ri6r pirL thui,c r:io di€u . rr''..roi Lr ron;....r Lr.."r r!..Llos,.lr .,.r .1,(

f--t
l.
,

| :..
-" I

L-ri:
l

:lr'. :ll ' I'r'r l. \iI:be. 1 .r... Lnrg.r'r!,.,.1..r'lr.fr,xirvao.rir

rtl htrlrrgilil b) bayerit d)diaspo

llr.rf. aiorli \i Jjlliot di xic nhiri gjr thul€r c./ be'r cia Srurnf!i nhiLng l]gud.i khirc rr'r cho
rifg viic thir hir c ! nh6n h\droxit. rfl ,lin I L.Ln d. i tJo r ra I c]t clr Lr ker tinh y6u, cic clrir
'rhl,li
fri\ !t x hirr loet Jriii! trrrg gian rdi biin thrinh co||ndru|n k6r ti|h 161. Khi d6 h\drrgilil phin h{ia thco
lcit|: qLn t- Al:Or r.i rlLrr |omit. sau d6 borrir piiain hria thnnh T Alro, . Ho dLra fa so d6 rin-q q it
l,htr har l ln-l []{1rdt rLrr san:

rr0' s00' 1000"

IIl rlrug ii \)t)r)a-AlzOr€diaspo

2 00i 1200.

500" 800" 900'

Ilonit ) -, ) -) o€ 1eboDit<bayerit
(ka1 tinh xnu )

2t
 Ngoiii cic dang kiic nhat| cua y'-lro3 d: k6 trin, cin c6 lrii li€u r;u 16n khn nnfq nirin cic d,rng
Alzor khic. Ginsberg, Hutig v,i Suunk Lichtenberg de nhen duoc circ (lang k€r rioh trung gia| sau da)
kii phan h6a nhi6i hydragilic:
II)dragili! )t t ! ) o- Alror

Cic chuy6n bi6n cia cAc h)droxit, nhan ducrc theo phuong pbrip Bare rrin hrtirr3ilir rrt bonir.
tiin hdnh thco 2 hudng nhrr so d6 sau:

Hydragilitl ) a ) o- AllOl

Ilonlit -> 7) o

Cdlr c6 dlr kiin ring. ngoiri cic lori rhi hinh dt k€ t'en. lh6ng lh0 co I lcai rrLng giu nio l:lrhr,
!rd:r "o-.crh.ng ci,riclcnrnr lh, cux ql.O rr,.. ,i I'rr . .lr, c. li .. ,rr.l ir,"rl(r .rt!
h6n hop I s6 daDg da k€ rr€n lirn loai rhn hinh mo'j

tii lieLr n6u lrOn la nhlin dinh ring. gid rhulit vd sLL clruy'in tiep trydf3gilir ihir)h u, Alrol
Tir cic
,.r qrr",:. llntrrr gpian liboni rr Al.O.llr.rrc r.r.n.J ||r \, t.tc,r rl, r.rr r.1.,. ..c. rr .]rr
bi6n thuc t6 xii, ra. lJhunS cho loi ney, clua c6 thry€r minh chi tiSt niio v3 cic phr b6 surg de tirn rn
trong nhrnrg nem gin dAy. cho nin chLra c6 quan di6rr rh6ng nhit vi qui rrbh chuven l,rrn nh,er \.r !i,
lLrqng cric loai thir llinh. Cnng kh6ng x.{c dinh duqc thLr4t ngn th6ng nhir.l i d,r. h)lhagiLir o N1). ki hi€u
lii r!-Al(OH)r. cdn at Dirc 1-A(OlI)r

Ginn rld cin bing AIzoj - II;O

Dirl!n j
104 ra

:i
2l
/B
Edi

/
t00 :00 :100 tlrD iiro
\hiai00. rc

Ilinh 6: Gian d6 trang thei cen bing Alror

2:
 lllrh n la qiin Jo tranL rir:ri rlLr bing cur hi A1,O, Il,O . lran giAn dd niu niu phan \i\iing
L. j.. - lrr ,,.'.r
Iir' :r,rsr li tit cri ric r irg LIL ,ii 130" li
hldragilir. Virnl: giira 130" vir 385' o r1, -,dt iluoi l 1l)
LC,'c,rrr l,r l r n:r. col ir l; suir lrir 1 ir) kG.rcnrr riurg btnril nirn gitrr 130 vd:75 - 100. .

\'iriig bir rilrg cr'ra di^\|o chi (i |hen vi dp sLrit cao (lr€n 140 kC/cni ) Y:i gii'i htn nhiet dO

lr[n gi;ur d6 c6 ] dii|r .art rin i

d0Jng corg radlr gi(ri; corundum diaspo, diaspo - bomit,
bonit- corundLrur. ,Jiasf\o yr bo||rt . U.1nj t rri cin bin!! giux chirng v6i nhau
Tiri iliiur niy con:nrium,
.,, .j .r'. u \ ll., ., .l .r'.'r);n!:-r ll.. .. U1r t'r., Ill hilhol! l.' bilb:il. \.ichr
cri tlri tr\l tli trong ciiiu ki€n d.] ch., o iLp sLrit = 140 kC/crrr vi nhi€t dO I80 - 15". Kllor3 c[ \ ulg tt.ro
)iarc d;rh !u iir) lfi\iing ben cir'/-.\l:{jr hoic be}crit.

NgLi):r cir hi rhong chLirrr r'i rin! d 2j0" rh cao |on. snr 2 1 ngil'st d1t dJn c.in hir!. Lon u
ihiQr dat kh...l r!: 1..0" thi itio rllLi {l!n I 1 Luin li cring khirrg d9i l(ti caii bing.

l:1,:giichorirggiirrrl'f rcLrrrcLiL h.r.it1Ln,iLrrg.j.i'L=lur ir'rr l'ar \ r ng crla corundlLn

ricurrcLrcrirrl;rhirIi ri)UuiccLl.lr)ir,irihldroriichicorhiric r'lirili birg phLroirg phi !rrnrr(n.

lJhlronlr tlrip truc 1i6p.l.l diiu kien cdn I'inr pha Li quan siir hirrh vi errr lrurr lrop tir lr
rarc dluh
tLricn! cic l,iLr kharc nhau. NiLr I nlLi.rt ri .n. l, s.t,,, fhe cua ph.i,r.r. dotarng lOn. con
,:, rip sLrit
c[r cic t,hr . ,r ]ri biin nrit. ihi rlLau rl.; co nghii |). d Jiiu kir:n di cho fha thil2 rirLshe \ing.cun
l.r'r
l\,ll|r)n \:r d;nh ri coflg chulerL hr!r lu jrhr r,r\ san! |r.r I ric (vd; diaspo
rri ,:irc LlLrirrrg
corur unr)a'ihii't(j,i.l11clro.flrirtrardrnr{!T,idi.i\p.r L,i.r r iilrorrto.rr hrc|| t|iillir co,LIndum.
cnn phia !iLrrii rlLri'nrs drl ::i1 rir qLri rrinh ngrrcc lai. 1i,n I srl L|a nhu !a-\, ar nhirrg if !'1.'t f,h:rc rlh:u
sa ric dir: r rlrr,rc girl lr.r-rr chulir Ilerr riL pha m4 sarg lrhr khic.

NhLLr:r. Lit cLrir ughi6r ciru rhr th;ilinr r , i l '^ dLiL l,c,r drr(fo d; t, er tharh corundlrn,
(orLrrJrl rr-,Lr rrrl o p|l gin bin o nhiai ala lh;p hon uhilirL Jo \ui rrlriital6 diaspo biin thiLuh corLnduri.
\..r ,...,i.I', rrr,lril rrl .1
:: 'r '..1r-'. rbien . , l..r' l,o1 I tlr.ir
i.lii. ,)hi,L, \ i .ii, .rr \'it f|ii:
1r L',,, kcr nhalll \ ir i-\l.l): iihi cr I r ir ii,au co cirnlr I plrr llt Linh thi cor
rlL, o.I o.'r cr'!r 1)rIg

l)l ,ilLli,r. La1 qLL.r .',,r pir.,on! fhip girl liaf lh,lnrr duLrc tin c!1 bing phLron. p,.p r,u. r,ip.
r.r.i.i-l .l
pha kit rir1, k ,i. kl,arg c6 gi kiLi: l)1.:r ,,l,iiL, vlii cic dd('i,rg corg dti riu tran hinh 6.

Lrirr. r:at\. Lanbcugr)cr rl \\irist dir nhiln droc nlrftrg tii li6u kh6c r6i hO th6ng nnv da,i ch[t.
II! di ),au 'iirh girii |nn \ijnir bin cLia hyragilit Li duni 155". c'La bomit tu 155 den 180" d€n 450". cua
cirrunduur :r.n lrli'

{i:ic tl:rng ktrring r nrrg l,au (iix nb6'E hvdroril baydrit vn keo nh6 r

'r',. ' : i.,

l..I-' \.r e; r. ..ic ;or, \r \J Oll Du rirl, . ,.ir \l,6ns bir'
1:
\ arng .. r'r ilrr,rarr Jdo rhirnh hldfagilit cho n6n kh6ng git bayefit trorg thidn nhi6n, nhung da nh,in duoc
bing cncl ririi ciir:ij l:hi CO: v:N dLrrlr dich alulninat o Dllia! dir phdig, k6t tna nh6nr hydroxit tir dung

2i
dich kidnr loiDg, ciing nhu khi irria gia Leo nhbln h)drorir trong khoji:r t0-.t0 Dgi)1. lrilrg rtiir krcn
th6ng thudng ba)erit bi€n thdnh hfdragilit ril che,m chap. nhung rrorg dung dich kiiu ni rv hoic rrL-.rg
nu6c n6ng t5c d6 cira chuy6n bi6n nri]' ting 16r 16 r;!.

Bayeit hda tan torg kiim lranh hcrn hydragilir. rao rhrinh cic rturu:: djtjh cin li.,r: ti, j:r .,ii l
dQ v) ndng d6 Na,O 6n djnh, ndng dd cyc tlaj cLia A1:O; sE din giirr xrirrg, dat t(,i n,uc r.ir b.rrr; cLr.r
dung dich hydragilit.

lrong..r'rrelrcncrurb.]rrit1.,-.) .lrI,o .n. l r,. ri.r, .,rr,1 ,.,'.i,ru. ir.lr

quang cia baycrit:Nr, = t,565 , N! = 1,581.

Klli k6t tia nhanh nh6n hldroxi! tt dung dich se rao rhlnh k6t tna.ling kco ti.eo nl,inr),
'nu6i
chria nhiiu nL(ic vn kh6ng c6 cdu tr aro lirh thC. TrCn dd thi lia X khong thiy c6 ci,c alui)n!{ tiin xr d;c
inrng cho che! k01 tinh. Theo thdi giao- qui lriDh k6r tinh chi r chrp bit diu, cic r,&h ,riuo thor m(i
xuAt hi€n tr€n dd i r;a X ching t6 dieu d6. QLr6 hinh ki:t tinh ka'r rhco vi€c khrt rLLr,,,c li girn hoat
tirh h6a hoc- iao thrlnh pha gie ban. Sau d6 s€ r.rch nuoc hoin rlin hor. lrorr Lirih l,ra hoc gia r ru5ng
vi tao thanh chit c6 dic tini k6t linh ro ring, rran .]i rhi ri.t \ lh:\ c.c . ,r h gi.. I rt u,r cra IrJ (lfrgiljl.

Tbeo c,ic tli klic. h)dragil;i dLJqc riro ra coi rhu sjl phrlur hoa gji cna tcc rtt..-,nr rh;Ig 9ua
lieu
cic pha trung gian 1:i bomit vi bayerit. Viec h6a gia keo nh6nl sa \il,fa rhanh trijng nu,tc !r,ng. Do rrl
bi6n d6i liin tuo rrong keo nh6or khi dua r:r ngoei, cho nen ho,r| tinh cr'ra ke,) nh0nr khrlny r ,,,rq rtr.r-1.

Keo lh6rn di siy o 300 400" ci tinh chit hip phLr 16r: lkg kco rrtrdur co rtra JLur illl i tH, l::o
nl6n1 hirt SOr cing t6t. Keo nh6m hip phu hoi nuoc nanh ho.n so r6i cln\i ct.)rtla hoac rrjr suniiriic-
vi vey ngudi 1l1 dirDg keo nh6rn lnm chit hirt .in I cich r6ng fai.

ANH HU'ONG CUA D !,1,.J KIE.N T'AO TH)NTI ]\II()]1 OXIT'I'I I:r)'DOXIT
,1.

DEN T.NH CHAT CUA CH ONG

Khi m6 te tinh chil cic bi€n the crlra nh6m o\it vri hydrai cLre ri',. than! rLL ong 1rr.hi |an clri J
t€n goi bi6n th€. chLi kh6ng k6 d6n diiu ki€n rha duoc chirng. Ntrulg LlidLr ki:n ltirlr r:,.Lrh ,n;, jf.,r
bi6n th€ cri dnh hudrg l6n d6n tinh chit h6a hoc cLra 16.

la bi€t ring. o
AIrOr nhiln duoc khi nLurgdiaspo ir- 50f1'. ri rhh ct,ilria hlrc noil, 1o:ii lilji',c
roi corundum thian nhi€n hoec a - AllO; nhin rlLroc sau khi rLrng o 12ir0".

BeLexlii' dua ra s6 lieu sau day vd d6 hda lan cLta o - tl)r nh:tn drroc liri nunl o nhiir r1,.r Lir:,:
nhau trong 1 gid, trong dd aluminat:

Nhioi d6 nung diaspo. "C.. 170 450 510 600 12{r{l

Ti l€ tiru hdi Al:Or , % 22 i9 90 6/ 6l

Cec sin phAm nung dem hde tan bing dung dicl c6 ndng d6 256g./l \xJ) vi c1.. - ,1,16 trooq
octola d 200" trong 3h

O 170" diaspo ki6ng thay doi, d 170" n6 bi6n I phin thinh cr - Al;O1 vi d,t hdi rin rarng l6n rd
biin thinh .{ Ahor vA d6 hi,a tan ting ltn manh, n|rmg kii LreD nr. runs tt,r
ret, o 530" todn b6 diaspo
d6 hda tan lai gidm xu6ng. Nhu v{y, a - Al:O: , nhin duoc seu khj nung dirspo rrong r, hi h,jx lrn
tfong dd kiSn hodn toln hor ve nhanh htm so v6-i diaspo.
2,1
 lihi .r:.:.1i.ll :'ii:11 , .,i.r: r).:,y r" trtl oLlJ ll,i
t-AlrCJ. , ,rlran dLfqc
ng h)ifi rgilrr (! rhLrrrir ' 1. rt I \;'. . : . .,,, .- lrr |)rl dr'rl rlrrr ra s6 lifu \a l,rh hldfs
rur rhiit rla rLrirq (ia r ln lri,r lxn t tln ,v ,\l:(1,

\hiar di n!,rg hr J:ag;Lir. 'C 180 550 650 t00 1200

lt le thr hai .\lrfr. 1', 99.1 Et.7 86,1 1t.5 60

Khi 1:rfg niri. i d', f'Lr1g. tr$ hrir inr cLra /'Al:O; giim xu6ng riL rnanh (hlnh 7)

Den cric rlirrL lry rlrat nurrg trong 2h r6i giir rrLiat d6 trong Phdng Ting thoi gian nung ciing rnh
ru,,ng nhLr rrLn!: njrjir rli. rrghr-ir ia ho.rt tiuh cr'ra "arl |him nung girin. D6 ld do sau khi nung lh d nltiQt
,1i, rhip nhurrg dLi tli clrLrirr t'iiln p)ra se iluoc cic rinlr thd c6 nring ILLong ceo. chua cltn birrg
l"rrt;rrg
rthiat dO \a !riii ng'ttiir Lhi)i giarr n 1r!1 cric Linlr Ih€ tr(i nin t|at L\r llon \i ho?t 1i'rh cria cLtrng giirrrt

rLrr',;rg. Ilo ili,. rirt cir cLrc dri i.hi hoatans rp|iLrlnu gdiaspo.hldfagilithoiicboriitsadatdlroclr.rrr!.
ruinghrDllii 1rrlrif . ,i,ng a' nhial dO tlrorrg J6i t|ip thoi gianr nuog kh'ng liu, fhLnrg Ju Jt br'rl
Jii Loin bQ c.ir shn pblln rri] thinlt ci. rinh tha lhdng crirr beng nhrll cira |l hoio v '\lroi
lli,i rlib,rrlr,rilng\i).1ir)hchitcLirrrrl 1;hLr thLroc nhi0u \iio diCu kien Lto tlrrif h Rn'nil durrc
Ll,, rr bing pi r,r|g |lrarJr 1[ii] nhi€t cir lroar iirh riho hon so voi bonrir rrhln dLroc bing chch |ung
rilii:rgilil o 10!'I)ilii.ritlrnciLrrloli bomil !.Lr I'oir-sd0|gdich NriOH hiu nhLL kh6ng kh'tc di hd'l ror
fi|ll ht drii:rirL

llinir s ,riLr li, tla,rls hqc cna qui t,lnh ho! ran h]dragilil dn siv ri ?5" (dudrrg :l)' honrit n'niin
,iL,iic binil cich r$r1 h\rlrrgiiit o 425" (dron8 l) \ir bumit nhin dtrc'! b!L'g phuong phip ihny nhiet
t'1!i,og ll, I ulg /'\l((lll) !o,,!i dLrns dioh cd ni'ng dQ ?7 5 g,'l NarO 'i 170 rong 5h 1A{ ce cde clt'
,i : . l. :. l: .. 1:.. . '.- l 4n 'Oor''

I I lnlr r: l),1 hirt im cire 7 AlrO, . Irhi-n d(crc d dar nrLng khlc nhau sau 2h

25
 i0

,.5
t2

F I

-7 BoDit thlrv nhi,rl

+ 5 l-t 16 13
T|ci 3i:r loa liich h

Hinh 8: D6ng hoc qud trinh hda tln

1. llomit thu],rbiet

2. Bomit nhA-n dLr9c khi nung hydragilit o 12-i0

I Hydragilir dtlsay d 25"

'I'a thiy ring d$ hoa tarl clrc dai cia h) drrgilit vri cira ironrit nhaLr trLlt! ]ri,; r.rxr, ir!{i, r.siirt .'l (i:ri
duqc ngay trong klroing l5-10 ph diu. Cdn bomll nhAn dLrqc tir oci.,l:r tlii iror trx ch,lll hsn: Sau 4lr di
'u.''rr..,a no nlro lrJr .5 I l;r o \oi 2 clri I : r.r'..rrr .-t. n.,. .l r. \'.
dan cu6i que tfinh hda tan. Trong cec ihi nghiam v6i 2 chd phim khic. rirng da) r\1-O, r.ong dd stu khr
di r'i Ar1 rr:.r. t..i .. -.ir .r.,.r.', r,ir..n |r or.'."-^i I'vo glr. I i,. 1..11rr ,.r.
n6ng dQ cnn biing cna dd khi haJa tan bomit l|il luyQn. ViQc gian ndng da r\|a)i Dit, lfonjr (ld (dui,ng
:l) li do hldragilit bien iha.h bonit trong dk hda lan de cho gelr 3i) jrof! trr-un,! hlp nriy. tJr)
'.rd
Ilr"r.l, o||a bru hoa Lur ,r ..r .fl -l \lO ron:.ll\(r ',rtudJFhor i iilr
\oi dLrong 2.

Do d6, kijt qu:i cira vi"3c nung hldragilit o' ,125" li kh6ng lao th:nrh bonrlr a, dfl,g \ i n3 bcr, h iri
hda tan beng dd kiem costic, dan!:niy khec v{ii bomit cin bing, vri hiu;rlru lJrarg ljrlLc v(ti hydfaqilir
ban diu, di6u niv cing duoc )iic nhAn khi so srirh c6c tludng cong tr0n hirh q l iau di; r ,: .c lrrLu d.r
-r
hqc quA trlnh hda tan cnc ch6 phan1 bomit nh{n drroc khi nung h!(lr.gilit o .115" GlLrirrl, i) ri tJinril
thiy nhiet (dudng 2). Duilg 2 chfng td ring, khi nunq dang vitng bir cr'ia b,rlrir d 12j" khaf!,. liih
huctrg dCr dQng hac hda tan trong kiern (so viri cir6 phim khdng nlngJ, \,1 lir; dLri,nll I lJin hlnh 3 \.i
duftr g ' lrFn hinh o co di. diim giong nha-.

26
 L: l.j Ir'

Tloigiar hlii tax. I

f{irh'r: Il,-,fu hoc lrix laI l,rLf ir nhin dLLo-c k|i nrin!r htd gilil i,1:j! (l) vi bonrii thLrv uhiqt o 1250
(l)

o
-!,

?.'

lt i6 :rJ :l
ILt'r glan lioa rrlr- h

liin\ l0r D6rq hoc hda tfir sau kl)i nLrng

L bomit thny lul€n o 4250

2. bouit thr'r1' hryin tr 500t

3. h-'-dragilil6 500i

21
 D6i rari lic chii phArr rlA nung {i 500" vi cao hon thi sa rlri} khitc di. Ilon.r rrr;rlr l).1 nit i:l
nhan dugc./ Alror. khi hda lan lrongkiim n6igd6 90 g/1 NrrOa l j0' ihi t-All)ini\ horl tinhhon
bomit thi) |hiet (hi l0). N6ng dO AIrOr liong dd khi hda lan l- Al.al. Jra] lo"o holl l|i hdu ren bomit
thny nhi€t kh6ng nung ),5 - 2lin.
Khinghi0nciruchul6nbi6n ciutrrlc rachulin hie L).rrr,!,rr.rn ph,rm L nE rrhi)m hldro\it
k): rhulit, Kompaniet\ da di di:n k6t luan li, ker qua phin hrl) r\ lr ,,g Llrr Ll).u lh I f it r\l:a-lr l HrO )
Aljr) Jl () 'll_O
.. d r'.
plre r;n mo. tpr.lt t.r.,rrr.d tlq lrri l.r \L r. . ln-. |
" |L) .o 1,. ' r'' l. I..hr .
chi6t qLrang thip hon bomit cin bing vi mit nuoc khlns fhii ,, ,hicr ,T! dn drn | ,,r:r d tr.ng I lJroing
nhiet dd nio d6, ngodi ra, kii kht uoc cta bo it cin bing -i rur m,r nhiir lrr.lrg []rr horr so rrii khi
kht nuo'c cLia pha bornit niy.

. Di€u 1i thu la hoqt tinh cn:r "j, Alror nhan duoc l{hi nurg l,}t!rgilil ri borritt} Liy J,hidrocing
mot hiel dO, d6i vdi dd kiem se khdc nhau mot il. Loei thlr nhait hoa! tinh hoir, Illrung :,1u lihi dat toi d6
hdataDcrrcdri thindngdO Alrorlrongddnr) gi,irnrLr ng r r Lnh run so \dr I ni: d.i |1)x1anbonirda
nun-s (dLrtrg I vr'r 2 lf6n hinh l0)

I ha)rg thirorg neu theo dO gien hoat tinh ciic danc de hinh ciri nhom h\dnrxir L! r.I rbeo lirc
dary sau i

IIydr.g;lil ) bcmi! .) rliaspo ) corrudunr

Klr \,1 r.Jxildinun... rJ.Li: rp1 Al O..rr' I lrl .. .' r'n r',rr,.r' | .;r '. Ir,o
rdng,trit t! nay chi ding trong nhtrrg dk nhai dinh d; nhrn cr. "rr .t.rlrrrrlL nir).L.rl.rli thnhinhl,
Alror (nhin duoc khi nung hydragiiit trong 1 thui girn nlan huar rrn3 borrrir rg:t\' .l ri nhiat do
khonng 900) cnng hda tan trong ki8rn nbarh hon bornir u.rn b n,q hurr ti|lh . /r n r Ll]rl hhi giim nhiSt
d0 nung.

5, T.NH CLIAT LUONG T.N].I CTJA NH)M H',DI?)XIT

\l.r g or.\it \oa rar .. -.rg \ crr c,r Lr^r! ..'i' i r.l ,',i, 'r 'rr: l. | .l .' ,l
lu(lng tinh c6 khi ning chuy6n cic ion hl dro I i cic ion hydroliil \ io dd.

r.'dLr xuir phit tir dd nLr6c, thi riic phin li nn6n h),droltlt sa rian h.jnh theo 2 hI6,rg

Al .nHr' .Al(uHi rl n lO H \lO lr '-l rl {lO lr (r

Trong m6i tn rorg axit trong m6i tnrimg kidm

philn li nhrr t cb6t bazo phnn li nhu a\il

K|iplanlinh6mhydroxittheo:icd6thunhlt.ionnh6nrh'onsddd,rngcationdu !l ,rnl :iihun

trj ba, cdn theo sir d6 tht hai - d dang arion Fh&c AlO, h6a tri em mat.

Iling s6 phin li theo so d6 thi nh6t vi thu hai nhLr s.rLr:

K,- (Arr.).(OHllA(oH)r - rr
10

:3
 I(: = (l f l.( AIO: r'
)lltAlor = 4.10

Vi€c xec dirh hing s6 phin li (Kr) cri:r alurninic (s.r da, tlrt 2) li r6t li thLi trorrp sin xuit
']Ii!
rlurnin thco phui'ns phrip kiim. nlrring sl, IiQu r€ gii tr! K, d 25" trong c6c tii li€u r6t mau rhLrin nhcu-

:.l{l tr ,1.1ir
6.l.I0 rr
; 6.l{)
i'; ...
; 'r : 10 ";
Doi 1oi ciic h\.iro\it cci tinh kiirr iron Al(Oll),. trong rn6i lruong pU=7 thi so do phir i\ tlrrr
nhit chiirn rru th€ v,i Iil> K;.

DiiuL dirg diin (rghia |i nirug d,i ion hldro cLia nr6i tnLnng nhu thi: nio da khi do h"t' clit
luimg tinh flr'ra li tirco 2 hu6119 nhu rlhr|) cLra bayerit li pll = 9.1 !,i cira bo rit la 9,.1 o lj |J, nollq
r' ior. :. , rl."rr,.r.lr 'rr .r,lr" I'rr.
Nir.hothirndrl ir)iil llongdocljLia lr irro Il !.rorlr.nr \Ji,,\rlhrrhorlldro\itsaphen
. il .o I r'r ..: .' .,.r ''K lrr. .r. ...r",, .. I i ' lrldr' .l: ,r, .'r, I

rouAlOl pir.ri ginr :,Lu'!Lg.riphiuirrrgrLi,s ,l tirr Lr rhLr l\a h., crieltui,r.|]quatiri:

11 r \lor - lt:o - Al(oH),
'frorgkhi dt\, do cii nrnrsi, lLLong16nll-dintriiri€ctrrngh.acicionhtdforrl(,H.n,rnldo
cu,r to I ufl .( 't ) | \ron: :

- , 0ll
:(l
Do.rii 1ri cilr Kr phrii ctl ilinh. cho ndn. rrilu nirng d6 ciLa ion Al't tilng l€n thi vi6c ph:]n l) thco
'''rl. -r, .rl, l, ^ r'r I Jiq ,rji
..1 .. 1r,r lJ\'.rnr. r'l L. rr r .ry-rlr'i r'r ',rr:" lai 1..ur p,,'
ol,J
tiiu hi|h lir iLrii rljrg lrhii. \,4 piri!tro rrcicphin tiL A](OH), thing phrin )i.cbnphin ringtlreuso do I
\eplr.iLuItr||r \lr r.

Do da. vi€c cho than .txit v:Lo \Jro\tsad;|tor\ri(lo.r tr nhorr h)dro)iil\i ta{) thinh
nharn
nlr6i nironr eue rxit tlroug [ g- cdn Lhi thcm f. ern cirng din t,,r \ e. ]ro I lirn rrhDnr h-vdro\it \i tao
rhr'rnh mLrairLroIrg u,,g c',ri aait HA10, - alurrinat.

Sa lLrong arih i ,cr'rc ki6m cin phii cho t|dn rr rLL tlri n,io d! |c\a lln nh6n hldroxit?

Viin si ljer smar de if:l li'i ciiu hii ni). Nh6nr lhoic Al(Ol l)i I cbrrytirr vrlo dd ci dang cation A1r
lhipH <.1 v:i o drni; anior Alalr ]dri|H>1.'.Uon,.r',,tthorhemdcnLlLi pII e rr rld nho hor 4, cdn
Ltic\I]r cho th.:ur.i;n khi pll cnr dd 16n hon 12.

NeL, chirrq 1! kh6ng co quan hC lrti Lat tLiri nhtinr hldroxir. llil v6i dd nLr6i fhorn tc.rn trJ S
|oicchLrabiio hia). tir dd rraycinkittnanh,,rrlry.roxrr,thi ein,lLnSkiefrtrrLnghoaaxjttdi pll>,1
!i ptl .: 12, .iu v{ii ci. rirt arit tlri dLrng kiim t|ung hda ioi pll .: i I vi > I
Ilai fhln li nh6rr hJdro\it de ne r rri/r clLrrr phii h tlLlrt trt ca rnor rguoithta rher. iU6t
so aia
s6 ngddi c|o rin!- ndi chung so d6 thLi 2 khdlg tan tai. h) drollii hoa tan trong kian la do tao thinh keo,
'-, r i rLlL: L,:r'.'r... Jo -,.c ion trr.'r''r'r.

29
 CI1LTONG ]

HE Na:O - Al:Or - llro

1. TINH CHAT CU,4 DWG DICH '11LI]IINAT

Cic aluminat d$oc tao ra ld do k6t qud 16c dlrng cila nh6m o\it hoic hyrlrorit r r:ri bazo hoirc vrii
cacbonxt- O nhi,at dO cao crcbonet phan h6a lhinh CO: vi bazo, lii chAt Dh.r) aurg \6i Alror, tao tlinjr
.,lJr)r-nlt.

Kli trong h6n hop c6 nh6n o\it thi cacbonat phan h6a nh.Lrh horr \ i nhi3t dQ cia phir| nrrq
giam xuiing. Trong mdr s6 dicu ki€n Alrol diy duoc COr cira nhnn.s cacbonat bin lhu r-ar(tllj./ri
KrCOr .

K.Ii hda tau rh6r)r trong kiim c6stic cring tlLroc natri aluira!. Ng!ai ta da biar ctlc aiurninrl cr'r{

cnc kim loai kidrn, kiim th6 \d c6c kim loai khar lrungsinruat;:lL rirL !,re rlLLnrinnarcln rerfi. krli
vii canxi ld quan rrQ g nhft. DLrng dich natri aiuminal trong nLr6c thrrrrr gir v:io cric qLr.i lrrrir . 1r,r
rrhit trong sdn xult alurnin bing phuong phip kiinr, vi vil nhiing kiil tharc yi tinlr clr.ir hu, I! r,r . r, l
drc.. narrillurn n.'r c o p if ,. diiu k\iin l;t crc.1. i rrirrh nir.

N{6t trollg rilirng tinh chit quan tlqlg nhit cna dung dich alumi at l:i aiil ban ci'a cLirrg t),1 b;n

I|n, lhcurrroi pi:r'.i,r 'lr'nl,ret Jodach^r llor..' h..r kerru:,n1,. lrld ori .

'l.rongthLrct€snrxuitaluminbingppkiinr.diiuqLranrronglicinphii bi;llhrl!.dLer tr.r,:

dd aluminet nhen droc se ban virng d m6t so Ui.r r iho r tirn. t,ich r a rur can [ho J h,]r tan \.i cin (ll)) r,i
sd khdng bdn vnlg ti khiu khdc (phlin hira d.l aliininat bing phuong phrip k|Lril phin har hoic
k i ^...' ,-c| . j. I\., r... k.irr.,j,n. I(,r d',, r. .l r:.ir.:,'., . . . :.
,,r r.4-nroi tor'l rrn.l'r r' .^- or.r (onlr.k rr..r.rl,'n h,.' lri orrr ".l',.i.r \ .',: :,.
c l 'r r i !
i r r . u r o p.r.r. ho., \d gia,n hiil
n u a i lr . tr ul'1.rr..r.
"

Crl. n1i r ro .l,- \i:.. -n\ hvolg den d. | - . c

'
r r J d a .L ni .
r I.,. rll. , rJ t.'l ,1, '. l. . l

nLr. l) so cosllc !d nung 0o

1,iCec dd ahrminrt c6 cirng ndrg d6 vd ctng { s5 costic thi cing di phi.n h6r khi nhiir da crlrll
gin 30".

2/ O moi nhi€t d6, tdng ti s6 cost;c cria dd alunrinat s6 tirg alli bin cria chring. niLr nonc t1o tu-r
NarO kh6ng vuot ra ngoii gi6i han nhat dinh (20 2?%), gi6i han niy phrr rhLr6c vio nhiSr <1tl cr)a rirlr
khi n6ng d0 Na:O cao hon thi tinh 6n dinh cr:ra dd ginm xu6ng m1nh.

,j
'J
 l,' O jlloi nlri,li (;. r i ni:rg dfi Al3O; t|o|g ti |ing \a girl
"d. ttrfg sai coslic do giiinr d6 Alror
r, . r... t r, l Jc b,l ..,.., .1

l'rr:,rr: Ci6Lr hiin slrr ruir. dLrng dich ahLrriirt lu6n chLra cic trp chit Naraloi. SiOr , clro oh:lt
hilrLc. rr't ciic ciriit lit:1.

,.,f .i Il,.:r',1 r,. ..,.,1 xiunlinaL- laoi Lhri 2 Iirr giim dQ bin,
loir; rhLr I iiLrg. Dr tJn cLh dLl alLruinat tlic Lr;it tjirB lilrirrorg dd tap trung 1 lLrong diirrg kii chc clrit
LiiLr ci).

Nirnr3 iriir t|irc r i anl huong cire chc nhln t6 r iilg bi€t d6n dd bin cia dd aluninlt d.'rki trcl
horln torn khang dn da drr ri cu.r cilc dd ni\'1fong
dolir hiuh rrhilng dl khnc nhau: r rr,r crn p ai
. ,r r..,lrir lr.r. ,, \ -i, .,t ,1

LiLc rlii ngLr,:ri tr rehiirr ciru h! nril o cric nhi6t dil l0 60.90. lj0yi:00".,rglrialiociicr)1riit
i[. LLr.r'ig Lrncrrii c:ic giri doar ria]rlt bi6t xi li bori! bing cric pp ki6nr: cic dd ilLnrirul th6ng thLrang
]thLrat philll h6a (i tharr \.i rilrir:t dri l0 60' : o 90' I Uclr chi,ng khai ctn ala \i ria cin do, borit
hlJfrgllir.lili khi cnrrs hoe rr|; nhiar dO ni1, khri silic cLra dd alurrinat cfrng d rhiet dd nay; cic dd
,rlurDitrll rru IJri hi;.r t:rn thiiLr li;t t)h:lnr dern kllri silic hoiic hdn lrn boxit hldfagilit da hda tan d 1500;
c,:,lr cic bo\;l khr) hoa |.1rr rhr-,ng thLLirng ir 200" (sau ri1'ngLrdi tr cho ring neng ihaln nhi€t,:i6 l€n 20-25

!a.atrJih.:)lr bdi \isataingilL(.ciliausuitll I ru 1l-/r \.iqrLrh nl tre l.int nll.tr,l hon).

Nilir,rr nun ,gir r1,r]. ha \e:al AIrOr IIlO rlii dLLoc nghi€n ciru bil sung tro|g p|anr vi nhiir dri
.l] li0' \1ii lihoarrg c:ich 10'. rrgLrii La. dii ughi€r ciru cec dudng darnll nhi6t 200 \,n 220" vi)i diaspo
lir ph.r rin.

2. liL l'.t:O Al)O,-lltC)(l 3Aid60"

I T\ d.rgi il ban vilng rfcfs dd Liirn i rlrial (la rbap. Vi rav mudn nghidrr criLr [C N.]O - Al.O. -

llr()'il0\'r'ra)0'lllri,i|i\ h)dfa!Llii\ibalcfil, lrorg rld kiirr. bayerit du sa chr)aD rhinh hldrrgitit

\ ,ir 1r ., , ..r t' 1..(lr.rr r, ,r i.r.loJ.. . .o..d\."r1 ,l,,or,.,1 ,

ll ,r ' .r , 'r.h.l lr,.,n | \.,, ,r,d.l r....rr1.. Iu..4,nd.Kr,.,. nr-,r trtr.,.

lrinr lLron.r lrLnlix tfo|g dd kl,,:)rs dii tlti coj nlru dd . i,r !i ,g r ci lrJ, r!\ o Ihiei do di chon. Lr

lilr:r ni) cin phii cill li cin thiLr dLl \oi rni)i LrLrbng bin ngodi, bdi Ii ndrr
c;ic tlri nghj6nr
irhnlg cjd st |ip ilrI C{l: ri n!r} ci hoi nuoc cr'n kh6rg khi, l;\n sai lech nhi}ng s6 liiLr vi rh.Lnh ph:n
riLr dcl alunrinat d rrrng thii cif b:i|g. O nhiqt d0 thip. {r^ng itrii cril1 bing d4r t6i rlt ch,irn rrong
L|{,lnrg lai tLren la ljan.l nhi.it ii cau ilaL tiri nhantr tron khoingrr\i ngriy. Bring 5 \,a 6 nCu l8n c.jrc tiii
llau lghian ci'Lr hi 1,!,r,O - Al;O1 IIlO o l0 vir {;{)" .

_li
 Khi rhry hydragilit = bal crir, cung nhr khi nghien ciru ha KrO - Alror - Hll ia duoc ca,c s6 tiau
tu(Jrrg tu.'l'ri s6 gan dLhng cua S s'; costic cria tit c.r e.Lc rl,i fJ). di dur \,r! tr.r! t,,lg. chirng trti ri r

lheo c6r-s rhic:

ll. 1,645%NarO/%A1rO.

Trcng d6i 1,645 - ti s6 lrong lucrng phin tir cia Al,O, so v6i trong lrong f hi itj !u.t NarO.

Bing5: Thdnh phrin dd cin bing kong h6 NarO Alzor-H,Od30'.

:if dd
'l-h,lnh
fhan " o r! s6 f il]h hoa trn

pna ren lronq nLr(ri:

cllr

-l 9,2 Kh.nglnLrrrr

E.5

j 15.23 5,8

17,98 ,1,5
l

2 r,l0 2.2

I
l
21.80 t.'/

21,95 tl;,, t* ,,,,1t

24,18 6.i ll.:r trr

t2.2

29. t'A 19.8

30.95 21,8

32,6

i3,50 36,8

i 5,80 70,0

38,98 I50.0

'1rong thuc t6 sx- n6ng dii cia dd aluminai khing dien ri bing phin rrinr nl bi.r,:] -, 3rm i ir-t)
vi Alror trong I lit dd. Mu6n chuy6n n6ng d6 phan trnm cia dd thinh n6ng d6 gll cin pt ri t,L.i rrong

32
 lLrorrg r iau! ci].1 dun! (lich. Kl,i .io hinr Iulng Na:O \ a /\lra)l linh 1lrco !,'l c6 tha !:rc c1i'rh thco pltuong

lrinh sru diJ

'l:,i,r-O.11.1000 " .,.-r 1. o, .r1. l 0 Ll0

f itri = (Lr1 2)
1(j0 l0fl

'llin.r,lil

rr' f irr lucr3 Na;O. g'lt

a'harn lrLorg AlrO.. it/i:

(1. 1r(, r: lu(]n:l r iirg c\ia rjLLrrr J ich:

r ri: rl phirr rlrrn.r rllclr ciir irarxg lrong hC Nara) A 'O, lir(l ;60'C

| . r'l .,lrir.. "

sii n,ii,' ,r.,,r , .,.. - . -. I Tinh hda tan
difh Nio \1.r lurPlufintrong uoc
I I
il- r:- fr"l"1t,-t",
hiriq lra I

: 1! 61 11.00 2)

1!91 :1.15 ]1li

20.:) ' ,
:i.l:t l
1.1 H-, . rn6t
Hoir rlrr r.ror phin
r,1 .,

tt Li 11.79 ).1 l lda tan

0.iN 91.5

\r., ll, fr h.Llronglr . ! irr,.jrlr coIl,.tin[tlorrgluolrgrianglheoc6nsthLlckinbnghieul'

fihar chinh rii. .iii yailinh toiir liinh La:

d= d, - 0.00ti\ 0.00'12.iN...,.

lroir!.:(i:

.dr n,.,rg lir,)ri! r ling ciir dunLr dich NaOII co n, n: di f\ flrlurNsOb'rEI,n.n,igdq

NirO. (N.) \: Nal ). .r.l N -,f):

33
 N= N"+N.-.b

,4. n6ng dq Al?Or trong dung dich nghien cuu,%.

r''0! tlong tlLurg dich chi chLir kiin costic n.qhia ld N...|- 0 !i )J= N. tLir

d= dN + 0.009A

Ching ta haLy sir dung cdng thirc niL) ,J( '.re dinl tron-r lrrong ri. r
-.l
eLr. .lung .l ch s; I \ rL2 drng
orcn (o lxern rr nl )J

Theo s6 tay rinr dulrc trang luong rieng cLra dung dich 3.95% )lllofl li 1.059 cdn cLra dung dlch

2..45"" \-OH li 1.11i. Dodl rro.C lrr. r,y ricr.g :r-.. J ng Ji.l... 1 |,.. :

d,= 1,059+ 0,009.0.7= 1,065,

LO| CUn 0 )! Ctlcn SO /

dr= 1.1L5 + 0,009.25,59: I,j l-5.

Tn d6 n6ng 116 cria dung dich s6 I bing,l2.l gllNarO !i 7,5 gri AIri);. con cris d f-r r1 .rs l-
i39,I g/l NarO vn 395 5 g/L Alrol

C6ngthric(lll 2) thuorg dnnS d€ giAi q||ritcrLhritoirL tl u. rr rlrur,rrhr lorlrnhilngnLrang

hr:ro ndng dQ dLrng rlich bi6u thj bi,rg p|in tr:rrr Ncrr nnrr3 Jo riru trrrr..g rlrr rrr r tl ': r..irg thiro slLr
,li1 thuirr .rcrr rorr

*-
,t f '^''
,t
,,- ^' ,] +0.0a04/ o.r'nr 'l'-,- 'll I

:l

Khidung dich c6 kiem cacbonat, ve

) t)
,t "- ,:1" ; r 0,00r',o I.t. .7
I \i 2
Khi dung dich kh6ng c6 kidn cacbonat.

II nt l.

D"'lrQng IuQrr!!riong cira durrg dich Nroil.o nu rg.lo Nr:O itrirh I r \ r( rHJ liins lrxm luoiig
Na?O t6ngl

a r6ng d6 Al:Or trong dung dich, g/1.

no:h- nLrng J.' NalU(rrh lronF dung drr r, g/1.

3.1
 Khi 1iln \iac r,:,i dLrng dich brio hL,r lry drrlilit llorB NaOJ I (chril 200glNa:O) o nhie! (16 t lhi
ri h llreo c6ns rnilo s,i!i Lll:

d = t.0tt , f(r.00i09 I i.9. l0 '1. (srl Nwr.o) 1t\

)
1,001
r)(j1,.\'d,0) 01r-6)
I (t).0109+ 5.9,11
).\
D(ji\,1i citc {lLrng rlich bio hoe bonrir o phi riilr lir r theo ciic corg tlya,sa i
\-- "
d:1.002 (0.00I]l r l.l.l0 6) (g/lNaro).
t\r\
1.002
/ ITI-'\
| 1r rlll-l jlllO r,'%\lr f)\
a\
Tri ci. s6 li€r n i,.rrrr 5 tr Lhil'. n6LL ling n6ng d,l \a1O d[r 2 ].95y0 ihi se tinS ndrg di can
l,irg cr'rr,\11O, r,i ti .ii costic sa gianr rrnng rrLrng ril;. Pha rin o iir c,r clc rdng rlQ nrl1 l:, l,]dfadilit.
. - I 'A
,.t ,, .'t
l(hi liap l11. larnti rra)ng (li) l(iarri c.rsllc ti ir rhiy rli,fg'di .nn hrr! clr n lrOr trong d'r0g dich
.'\',. : . ., . rj r,: h l '. .lvph. r': l.6llrJrrJ.rrfonF,r..o."h.;in
tlrtll, plu lr'i,r Lrir tln. rIirrh irhin cie n6 1a r,!arO.Alror. l5IIrO

\(r 'r '' .1, ^'r.'

nlrial. lrong (Trl I dLra)ng Ihir) inh thirh ph,lr .r. d,r g,li!lr nrtri clU rl rt (in bang. cdn dronS kja rj

l1

1l
I

l,:r

t,l ) 3
r(
\
t5
I 'l
1a l
ti
\ 6l
.,,,\
..\.|
! 1i t5 :0:5 -1C -15 .1J Ji
\.r.O- 96

llirthll:Clcdrrr)r;lrirngnhiitciradrrgdiclrcinblnsvitis6corlicdl0rvn600cnahiNarOAlrO:
II,O

0- 0 0 L)'r,rng dinlt nhi.;t cLra a. ar i0'

35
 t-.-x-r*xl 60N

-0 0-: Duong datDS nhi-at cua dung dich o l0rl

60"

N{6i duong ding nhiel girn 2 nhinh. hainh6nh ndy 8ip nhau toi,j a dirtr cuc t.ii
lJur ror rirrrrh
fhAn cira dung dich) hoiic (r dinh cuc tiau (doi \oiL) \, lorric) crc!n ..r
J |(l,r, n!.hir lii cirns m.il
rr6ng dd NarO. Dudng thing bit kj njoxudrphrtr rLr g;c lordocijno J"r ,lir-n l , l,ng dich ci; tl.,sd
costic kh6ng ddi la ctng ti cing cich xa g6c toa ti6, nirng dd crta charng cins rins.
sd cosric0 Ei!! d!
' ,1 ru rinh khdr g Joi re rr, ,o .rl I r) r.i

OA OE OC
Ae:'Eb: c(
\iurre ca, rrrrc.ad,bit..r binvp..-. r,t.r ..rct Lrr,\rur \t ,, I ri .. | ,

bang tri s6 etag nhung th6ng thring bi6u thi birrg phin trinr Lrong lLLr,;r,r. ii r:i, bir;,t j.6.tr:t.{

Trong d6, L645- h0 s6 chuSin a6i crta ti s6 AIrOr Na:O ru rrLlrrg tugrrg sang nrol.

l-
\\

Ilinh i2: c6c gi6i hrn ti khi,rg dai

!\ cira s6 coosstic

Tri hinh I2 1lr fiay riDg ting g6c thi etag sa giarn vri ch3 giiur rrii ;riLii t,an Lillg l.
.).iL
rt!. rrl
1ll-:r
toi han duoc xic dinh hi phuong rrinh:

l.Ursctolo l.o,.o...l ,. tU oUS.,,..:/n/!n.uu\ \ l0.t | .l

l. 6,1 i

NhLr vay, thinh phAn cia dung dich atunrbat ktr6Dg thi oim trin LliCn bir Lj.nio crtLr gric phin
hr NOI\'1. n1d chi nirn trong m6r phin nhir dinh cia n6, phin niyduoc gi6i h:rn hoi rn,c
hor.lr v.i drfa,ng
thing c6 ti s6 costic kh6ng ddi OP xu:it phet tir goc loa d0 ! i i gLc nghrirJ s,) \.ri Lr\r. hoantr-: - 58 .10 .
Dudng OP tuong irng v6i cric ti s6 costic bing t. nh?nduqccjcd nt,ti,rL n.r, i,ii ! c ich trao tan
aluminat NaAIO? trong nrr6c ma klr6ng phan h6a.

36
 i. l)U(.^'G L'','ii.tc Ntttijr cli{ B4NG cL'i.i D(atG DlcH 'tt'uvtm'q,r o tao
chiir! r,L liuo s:ir dic iliilr cLla rluing riilg nhiir cirr bing cun dung dich elrrnrinal -10r (hnrh

i:l)\ri\entlri\r1nat\i(lu.Tl!,rolil li;0cLra.jucriti-',circdungdichchirakhoing339'"Nalo AilO;

6ll:(l lil cr cic \irng d liin Liir rril gnm 6 kiru vuc Cic dung dlch. tLic'ng irng voi lhirrr nlr'incul
Jiarrli,,,tkitran.tuiingd,rngrhi{t,Llcinbing\,'ticiclirrhrhatLrongnngD6i\(iiliL('i 'Jc'l'rn!dreh
tfan rharrh al3. fhN rixr cin bilg in hldragilit cdrr ri;i !;i .i'J dL!r3 dich trtrt nhinh ilC roi nong dq
NarO khoinrg 139/. phr cin bing ta la natn mo oslunrinrt rrgern nuoc Na:O Alror :,5 H I crc durrg
I

lli.tr rriir lrt;aLrt) CF. ca u6ng ,ln it.rlO lir| hon sa ciN hing \ 6i cii linh th6 natr i llLLfrinat ngin nuric 3

\.r-lt 1l il: rlli l).

I iiih il: Ciin .ln rra,rg th6i ctn bing he Na?O. Alror' 6II:O (] 101

I)L r! rlirir o diam il .liirrr cit nharr cira 2 nhi.rrh. cirn bing d6rlg lhdi vii ca hri l,hir rrn
ir\.iL.i8ilir nrtri nL,rrliillLLijlinil rltirr L rlt oc. Ci. dung dith rrg:im lrodg nrit ph.rm vi lilrrr \'rrc
')RMo
phir rr lJ, ,rli,i,rlr OB (laru \ \,c n,ar1) ix qirr bio hda.h)dfrsilil i\'1u6n dirt lfirng thii crln br'nrg. cic dung
rri ri
.1ic| rtr tiit rr nh6rl o\;i dr i ,l g cic tirrh ilra lrl(llf,gilil Cing pllAn hao thi thr\i lL pharr dung

. .. ,.1 ...uBr.rd li i, 'rr' ..i'r l'l'nprakr'-r' i:r rr 'rrl'rhinur

"r.'r':L
i iranh phiLr tLr,r ilLrli3 cilch ban ririucr'rn1: :ir nhiilrh thi mi,! di' beo hira h)dragilit cLla ltLng dich cing lon.
\i,-ri LlLn-rlirIkh,llgcanbing,:L.ri,r'-rOlli,lLir,L,rt i,-r',)i l.rlJr ph.irrn:'.1 crrdulgdichcin
brir:r rrcr ilrri,nS illi rr'i du,)rtr ihir:, n;i til diarrr hlrir.rgilit (A1rO: iF{:O v0 plria Ilro- ,\l:Oi .". girll
Jnllll;ll1ll:].irradii;llrhanhpilirl.]!llgd!chbr'rrdiu'nhL]ng.i']{rngthillgniys.13nthLtnhL.hlrLll\|]t1L
t,hii 1iL rliur, ,\1-oj.il1ro trir Ijrir rkl

{ rlc riung dich nirn tror)g khrr \lrt 2. du6i dudllg ding nhilit OBCP li chua b,i, iraa h)dragilit,

cnrq chLLr L,io lrda nalri.rlumirrrt. Nhim h!dro).it l, | . J n djn !do LrJ o,rr: d.:l':rrr 'l,a h phin

31
cila du,rg dich rha) d6i doc ihco dLri!,g thing hlrarrlg ra,i di;rn ,11-!); :r llr(] tiii k|i r.1,,]),i,rl, rlB: lthi
d6n nhinh niy dLrng dich tro nen cen biLlg va kh6ng hia tan nhdn ]r1'droril nn3. Thifl 1 I :L Ltr rrg Jirh
ban deu cang xa nh:inh OB thi nlirc d6 chua qud bao hda cing 16l si luong nh6n hydro\rt co tht l,!.1

',.JI.. r,r'rrrotdonr.tlrirrirJ.rrr,,Jicrhard.uc.t r, i \.r i,, ril t. rcl|.4 .|l ..,i,.r rrr

lrong d ng dich nAi, cho trii khi Llung dich cin bin3. SLr khic n\nu chi li i: chri rhin| |iri ..r r LiuLr
dich cin bing, thinh phAn niy trong trLrcrng hgp diu xic djnh theo di€n cit nh.lr cira dLriing Lling nhi€r

v6i tia theo hLr6ng t6iAlror.3IlrO, cdn rudng hor seu- lheo hud)rg rdi nr;1 rrl]ng c,rc alulrrjr]ili (Nliro.
Ahoj. 2,5 l{:O hoic 3NarO. Alror. 6lIrO), tuy theo drrrg chnng tiip xic vi)i dLurg di.h }:hil|g ciln
bingbandau.'lronglruonghopthirnhitdungdichcinbingninoclLrrii nhinh Ot, cLin ifrfling ho1
thri hai - chn 16u duoi nhinh BC

l-ir ci cdc dung dich trong $u vLrc 3 deu qu i b;io I !r f. I i ctx ,lf rn rt N.Lrrl. {1ri-1,. 2,5 I IrO.
Tn duDg dich ni] sC k6t tinh va lirLq ra Dxlrinonorlurinrt h),dftl litie. .orr carc .iNng dich r:in bing nirr
rr€n nhnnh Bal

(lac dLrng dich ri khu vuc ,1(ta,n g.ia,c BI\,IP) bio hija oi h),(]raeilil lin n.rir i nj. oe rrjrinrr. Di:ng
dich gil b8n bat B cLra kiLr vuc iri\ l0ong ing v6i mait dung dich .in hing. thjjrlt plrlrr cLtr nir xric iji|h
bing tliim B.

lrong khl| vi,ro 5 (CFK) cec dung dich qui bio haa l\aro. .\lror 6llro Vj r.i c,,., Ji!nr C j-.!!
dinh kh6ng rluqc chirh x:ic

Carc ddurg dich tro,rg khu vuc 6 (PKC) qul b,io hara Na:O Al?O, :.5 ll:O fl! :i |r L (]. .\1,O.. 6

itro.

Bir ki lrit dung dich giii ban n.\o tfong khu vuc nri)' cri|! luong irng , | !. n ha I co
!(tj dL|r!
thinh phrir C. Vi vay thaLnh phin dung dich sa rha] d6ir]reo duing rhing na,l riL aii|r ,- l. Ju ,3 di!h
bit ki rrorg pham vi ndr'.

(l,r r'r;e .,ru.;cd,r, I n-r, llcr(1rh;I ,{,r. .l r,:. r.1," ||,;:,., r, ..,rl
nhing chi bing cich cho bao hda dar dlin nh6rn orit tmng dung d;ch kiaIrr, m., cd i)fuq .atch cho fhil
h6a !ong dung dich bao hd3 d nhiit d6 ah cho. Cing h ie! ramg. rn6t sa) dLrrg dich rl(Lminr! fit lo:inq vii
rlt dic, lnic dn quA bao hda, vln rit bin ri c6 the gift lfong m6r lhdi gian ddi ni Ltr6ng phiin hria.

Trong sin xuat thudrg thLLMe lim vi.Ac roi cic dLrng dich rlLuninrr c6 ming dn rhia !,rn diirn B.
Do d6. viic nghi6n ruu tinh chit crir clc dung dich nd). li dac biet quarr rrong, vi vii r:L.rL rlri .hLi i
theo ddi {ion lrlnh d nhAnh trdi crla dLrdrg dtng nhiet 0 rinh OII)

lhcosdli6Lrdcecbing5.6vilinhllrirJ;Ul..klrr r ngnunril N.,r Lr r.,crlo rlLrn.t Lliclr

loang thi ningdiAlzorlicdiutangchem(dqorgcolglhoxillroii).Khin6ngd,lrinl.ur. -11.,-{1.O.
nhu trCn hinh vE dusng cong d6c dirng.

33
 56 lii',1 rrarl r.-ri qrrir 1rgr,r ;iii voi rlye Li, ,t3 tiilr circh nhan .rc (ltrng dlch cri nirrg d6 Ail{)' cao'
ciingnbLrtinrrharng,'iau!ii!nrlitiirraphinlirrrlhornh){lfox}t Vi'1t1.\ionhingtrii lL'rr f't) !'Ll '
girithich vi srLo Lron! qrLi lrir| Rale. cic (lunij rlich clcm di klruil thaur hoacen fhii\ir li lrLrirc d'
I6ng d! Nal(r r,r,n3 tlu,,g dicb lilrnng qui i69i,.

1. llE l\kt:O .,11)(): LI:OO95", l5(f ,200".

Cic kir qLLrr n.lritin cLitr ra he Naro 41r0. IIrO chtng ln rin!. c:ic duong ding trhi!t o 95!,

lj0i.l0C'.[]lcargc6dqLrg(hirrli)gio|gnhu(inhingnhietdirllrilh.'rr(10,60r))N;rr!'t"NllrO
c:inlt tamg thl rr ngaiacitil|ingllrortrongcllrrrgdichcirrgttu1g'rrhuJrgchitdinlotgidi h'|l rr.r liu ri
Lrirlr dn N.l.ll. gii r lr.L:' rr:Lt tirl thco lrhiaL dd s r dir tiip tuc ting 609 da cLia ki'nr bing :0,8i96 doi
\rijl){) . \r,r (ro tri| :6,t. rnOt it di)i \1ii l50rrri)00')cimggdrnhainhiIh.c.itnhauogocnhr:n.tlinhcira
, l:1 n6ng (Lr Lrr Jri i\lrOr t,'on!: carc Julg dich ciirr i-'ing. Vi viv cLr: dii tuong [ng !oi 'u' rrer !u L

'. rlrrio' L

t'fr rir e,rrr hing rr.'ng ilrrng ditlr irLLrjrrjrr!l ,r nhrirlir lrii rl' ! ''(!lri
tira iiLLfrrg Lling rrhjCt 1i

\iii q5 ) \rl L,r,frlt l dli \ii l-<l'\i 100'l Do rlL, lrongkhoilug n|ial ri';9j-l50Nlrongdrrrq lr h lrt I
riiruchul,iniiinrirl,rtinhrhicrtr:hirislirlldfirlrilirsan:rLo lii.cri|r|inl500.phaLirrviirrgbil]
llt ir,rnrit. i\li)i,:l .i' ririfh'rirc cLrr chu)in i)i.I r,r\ cht I \rio alirr[ ']Lr'.'.

tl
:r

Itl t
15

f n.60'
j

:0 li :r,r l-r .1!

\iI.0- 9i

IJinh l1: tic.hrrngcrillbi|gdingnhiatcLiihiN!rO.Alro..lJ:Oti10u,60,95,15c\i2000

\ a'i lrt drlL lili( \,n bonril

-
. . \ili rrlfi al!ririnal

39
 Kh6ng Dhnnp.hi co njriit dO mi ang dO ci|l' (11:ng dich kiin cii|g artr hurinq rlirr r Lrrr.r l,iell
lrydragilil thtinh bon11. ting ndn.s dO dung dich kiint sa giirn nhiel d,i chu',(j bian. t;hi.-r | \. ,rl r I .:t,,
kiirn chinh xic rli chLryan natri metaalulninat saoq |a{ri octoalunlir!t cing chuit xic .'ill1l d |...

Cectinhrhenrtri.luninatc6th6khinu6cho:intointrorrg2.l 30hirtrgll, l0rl-1{rl cjll

ocloaluminat- khi n!ng 1f€n 4500. Natfi ock,al!m DJt la hoD ch,it llrorl bcrr, di ph.,n rlri t:lo thrirh narri
lclealumrlaL

Thdnh phin ci. dung dich cdn bdng d 95, 150 vii 200! n6u o cnc bing 7 9

Thdnh phin oic dung dich c6n bing d 950

S6 I hdr,ii r,l,i, o; 'lrong

uns dich
Na'L) Atrol

H) dfa_eilil

2-00

)sJ

3,78 2,58 Lt)19

5,59

?.l l 5.65

8,26 6.42 2.11

I0,6:l 9,16 L.tt7 2,01

11,98 I t,5'1

13.1',7 12,5 6 l,rll 1,3l

1,1.16 I1,86 1,120 1,68

14,5 7 Llt6 l.6t

15,03 1. 146 i
1.60

.10
i+T laG--'i fo.rir ; r;-.0 i 1..,0

I : lt,.: 1 I li. t5 l. ttli i.5 0

lrr I7.!r! :1.01 1.449 t,4l

L / 13,09 2:.il 1,165 l.tl

18 1E,36 ll.L9 1,171 1.10

19 18,61 11.r9 l,'18? I .21

:0 L 9.59 t.ti0 1.529 1.18

: L l0.ll7 :9.:ti l.,.6i 1.17 t,n 1r0r h1'dragilit vi aluninar

:: :1.51 2l,lt l-5:3 j,61

ln,1a 1,78

?.1 22.60 t0 0l 1.85

ti t-. f3 ,-.:r L 1,,160 t21

I hini ph:in cLr:L llLcan baf! , 5U' []l

\ t.C) Al.Oi

.1. i.l l_r-i 2.-16

1 8.!3 j..15 1.96

ll.ll 10,5 !r 1.90

n l.l.()5 11.71 t.t9

l8.ll 1t. E6 r.67

(; 10.6.1 21. rt r.56

:.'..11 2 ;.t1 l.t5 llor)ril

l

l
2:.-i9 t8.12 1.12

41
 r6,5 8 I5. tl l.:.1 /\ liltiluat l

It) 12.76 17.02 l.r7

t1 1.1.04, 1-1.8 8 1.8l

12 I3.7i t0.21 6.2i

ll ,10,40 9.68 6.lir-

UIng.r:00n

S Thanb phan % 'lr''

! aung
NaraJ
lich

5,.11 5.01 1.78 Ronril

2 9,10 i,i:l I 6i

13,28 IJ.6,1 1,19

-+ | 6.6',7 I8,51 1.16

5 17,59 r9,85 I,46

6 r E,02 I l,r-r9 1,.10

7 20,46 I5.5,1 l,l2

22,06 29,2.6 r,24

22.14 :1t,35 1,17

:16._1t 1.1 l

t1 26,06 t9.20 r,09 lirn hqp bomit vi alrfrirll

l7 26.86 1i,10 L:6 Alunrinet

tl 28,07 11.8 8 1.i7

28.29 1.,+i

t5 -1t.62 1,5.1
I

42
 ll.,)9

l?

ji,i2

,16.10

... DA( l'lL"/\ot Btttt.t iv ts.4 \i/ //l{,.vu t \oo-4l o- .oo

t"H''NG DO Kldc: \ItAU
^,uIiT
ln,,ir dil d! nlrln thil rirrg. o nhinh ui,i cLra chc .hrlng ding nhial da ,t'ran stir 0rinh I1) co su
u...1,0 1.. 1. r 0 r , n: ... , J r- l r \, rrr..u, ri
.\ i, i. ... '.1,... :i J....rJrrir: Jr:.|'i i\,.. rr , ru. i ,. , , . r.:' !r..r J.
" . I|

r riLrg g,'rcf,l (\eLr hinh l.l). S. saxrh 1r:) r)|r sau:

I l.ilri l:urg nliiat ![i si ]nlr r ('rlg diing kC khu \ irc dLrng dich chua beb haa gilLa circ nhinh cLha

'. ., .tr i.;.Kl': . ioi ! I .'r' -..\ | rdr, . i l,r -d.,!d:rn.

rhiiL tLrng lir i:i iririnr hhrr vLr: durg tlich qud bAo hda tuong fng.

Do rla lalnl rhier d6 c6 khl rlang nh,Ln J$ c d LnI drr r \ if! hef. (,,n lhi linr rgLloi cic dung
(ii.h fong si rri lhir,lr q!ar beo hi,ir vii tir clrirng tiet ra nh61l hlddro\ii.

I lihi iilnl rlri!'r da. clriirr cao rjinh cLrc dri si ting lin (trir Juirng dir|g nhial 60i) Diau d6
.hrlr! to r.'rLr,' lilii r,r |ltr uunh co rhi rluoc cic durg dlch iriau Alror horr.
:ll:lrililqnhiatatadirhcucdaichu)i,nslngflrrrrL.rrLg.loNc,rlcr,ron(trLr dlLors ding nhiet
101'). l)i,li(icdLLngdichc6hifrlLro gAl o. !n fhrL !u rh< fh.r r Jr nc lhi p,o 1,.11 llhiC{ dO cao vi
.lil klinr c,r,r

'1.1 , aI nai duong daurir rhi6L. ning dQ gidi hrn cLia AllO; lli do d6 hda tan cia Al.Clr irorg
rturig ilich Liim cin bing !l,]ir (Tinh. rirg do k ie,,, sa dJn roi gl ,r1r rr,nrh harr lu"ng;lu,rlr Lrong oung
.lich. D'rlrr rgoat di li (lo c6 sLr tha] d6i .l6t ngol thanh phin cna pha rir cdn bring.

6. Dlii\tc DA llHtET T(i 3a'' DE^t 2aar (.:{'iA HL Na2o- Atzol H!)
C:ic rii liall diLr ricn vd srL rtrrv Jrii rhi h phiu cirx .lung dich ahrnrinal cin bin.q 16i nhiet d6 do
i\13Sa.s:,k f ll onng ba,.

Illr! l0 ni lar thdr)h phin cra cdc dung (lich cL, ning d6 Nal) nirn tro g Sidi hlrn :1 40%, li
L r.l L. - J.r,,10
 CiJ th€ chia ci. s6 liiu d br g lu th:inh hai nh6rr. Nhon rhir nhit rri L 9 dLrng dich atu|r n:r bau
dau. Trong pham vi d6 kionl niiy(kh6ng qLrA 20% NelO) circ dung dich cii,r bing rrorg tfg v,li
')hi,rlr
hei cia duorg ding,)hict(xem hinh l4) o tit ce moi nhiSr d6 (30,20rJi1. d n6|-e rltl hii,n rial, rh.ot22?;l
thAnh phan cna dung dich cAn bing d nhiet dir 60r va 95c chuyin tr'r phrrr li nl,inh rrli srur ph,rm ri
cia dudng ding nhiet. Diiu d6 din t6i srr thal .16i dot ngOt him lLrang /\l.Or hong durg ,Ji- h c ir n. Lrg

vd thinh phan pha rin (] hang thii cdn bing r'6i pha ldng (hydragilit chLrl an sang nrtri merll.ltrmi, t

ngam nudc). KIi Iiap ttrc ting n6ng dri kiin, cic dung dich can bing sc tlruldn tLr nhiurh Lrhi s:Lng
nhrnh phdi cia dvcmg ding nhiQt ngal ca d cic nhiet dd khic(diu ti€n o 100, sau cl,j lh cac rhiat di rdn
lci).

:0 a0 .)j 1j0 rrll

Hinh 15: Lle Naro. Alro;. H]O. Cic rlLro|g drrorg de nhi€t \6 d6 ha,a 1:r,r cLia alu,rin tr,,rrg durgr rliclr
NiOIL

Hiih 15 biau dian 9 dLrdng da nhi6t.lin tieu. boic 9 dLrdng ding rinir Ll6 oir:1 ci. Ltr:ne (tirtr co
lrc.
him Ilrrrng NarO bnng tir ,1,0 rl6n 20%, rr€n cic truc toa dd Alror, Nhnrs dLrdng dx nlti,:.r rir .lro
ph6p ta dV doin t6t hon nhing qu) luet thay al6i ihrinh phdn cria clung rlich cin bing rhco nhi6l Lii.

OkhoingnhiCtd630-95!vi150-2001'hlnluong,{lrortfongrl,n!:di.11tiil3l.,rt., ,-Le,i ll
nhiet da ring. Kni ndng dQ NarO thip, viic nung niing dung dicL ir inh hLrong rlirr hr\rr 11,,, r; .. n b.llr3
cLia AlrO3 hmr- so v6i khi n6ng d6 NelO cao.

Trong khoang nhiet g5-1500. khi n;rg d(l kiim rhrip, him tuorrg A11O, ci rirjg i;n ii,ji chnr.
nhung nhd h<n nhi6u so v6i cdc kloiing nhi6r d6 trr6c. Khi n6ng da, k;inL ting rlin 12% ILi::r lrrong
Alror trong dung dich kh6ng tang miy nari, cr')n khi 14% NalO ham lLronl alurrin a 1..Cr c,nr!l I'in,:
'r50. Tiep rU" l:ng nons do \i,() rhi hJn lr. no \'.O rrong J .nd Jicl , .r - tr ;i. nr r, .rr .t. | : nr
cang cao giem cing nhanh.

1+
 Viac gi n hll]r luong AIraJr tr,rng dung dich ci|l t)ing d nh;et da) cao lir 95 dan 150" l.\ do slr

chulin bia,r tn hrd,asiljt ih,ifh Lroulil sii] n€r, d,l Ior tan roDg duns dich kiain cna Bolnit ki,,, l,m1 cua

h\ dfrgilit.

IIi.:lr rf,]'cing chLr giui tlrich (hda ding Ij do !i sao khi ting ndng d6 \aro trrong gioi han l1
llli,thihinr horg,\11O, giiDr xu6ng nhan L.NL i(- do clrrr)in biin .lrLrrh \Jr L,r h\'l/agjlitth:irh boorit
.luLl \ic rlirh du(Jc, r:r,'rili ra gia thi0t rang n6 nirrr trong khoing 95- ljOLr.

Hanr Iuong c1rr bri,. cia AlrL). trong dung di.h aluminat 6 rhiing nhiet d() \d n6ng dO NarO
kLirc nhau.

J IiDr lLLorg tfong dllng dich. %

LIL rtr dich
Alror o nhiit.i0,

0.u

l.t)

1.4

ILr 8.0

t: 7.1 t0,5 12,6

8.5 11.2 I5.2

I0..1 1r.0 t 7.8

7.0 I5.0 l0.s

21.6 29.3 21.(,

2,..0 .J I 29.1

2 r.0 lr:).6 t5 8 _10.8 3 5.6

ii.4 10,2 16.0 39..1

2,5 6.6 7,0 21,0

5.: 22,1

76.A
 l4 :(].1)

1 a n.' i.0 lt,6

ls I :8 ..: - "E

Viec xa) dung dudng dr nhilt d dqng dLrong thing trCn aloan nirv chi di ng tforrg
nhiQt dQ chuyin biin hydragilit thinh bonit li 150!. Niu uhi6t d6 rrhd horl t50r' (iiaLr ni) {li dLroc xric

nhin bing ciic c6ng trinh nghiol1 ciru trong nhiing nan gin d6y, rhi m6i drflng dii nhiar ! J , Lf l'rLtr rj
vd ) 500 sE g6m hai dutng thing cit nhau tal diim c6 hiln llrong Alior thrip hL,r ci ri 950 ti| ,i l5 0r.
'fr€n cic drrdng da nhi6t ta rhiy d 20% NarO, rrlunin bda tan ltn
nh6r li a 950(:t,8r;); klLi nLrng tan
-l' i ddcrohon,p:, ihxnlui iL,Lr lnhand ocklrr rr',;J, N" u ir:oo t.. r |.r,tr l;

I'h6i hqp cric doan ri€ng biet cira duorrg di nhia( th€ rti da| kir lrill li if.r)g ,rrr n 1
ca)
- T

150 - 2000 aoh hrrong cua l6ng d6 kiirn vd n|i€t d6 cira d ng dich kh6rg rn:uh rhu (j ,r0 !l-i!. Diiu d(i
colclidotrongduogdichliaurbdmitc6dol'enl,inl,ni\id;hu.rtrnrrl o|rr rr,ir,rgitir

Ngudi ta cing di ghiin caru a hua'ng cnr nIjer dai hia ran cLrr hldrrgjtir rfong d ns diclr
kiimtrlhirrgn6ngd6NarOHricrhau.Ki:tquacnanhtrngnghiencirrrniybiaudiantr0JrhnrhL6

."'

_n 9i ilO l;C l-ia t;C lia

. \l:::ili:a

Hinb lo.Dohi:rr.r r,-"1.).lr:!.1.r\dbnni ron! ki,',, " l,t r: rr',rr:c.b..r cix lfiac
',nea,.i,
rhau phu thu6c vio nLiCt d6.

.lO
 tl
t:
1l
tl
s

l
l

-:!.1t Ji 5t :ii :n!rl1.t iart:ir:r,!

| ,.'. 1 | l .,i Ir'riNrO | ' llUlr"rrr\ ' rrr( r' -rr!

fhiii garI iiri nlri h Diirrr cui'i cirrrg ir ll]ldrrh tr'i di du"c rit
NIa,i dLti',rg Lir
dinh o 100'' cdn

it aIr tritriiu crta trinhphij ::t:". Ctr;8a) cnadLdngdanhi6t1adochulin bii,rtn hydragilit thilh
'''i] r.l.i '.n' , i,Il.el

itLlIi tli nhiir. rheo ! xiirr cirr urc gin, d't xdc nhiD chuy6n bi6n lrydr:rgilil 1l).|rrh
lrirril qr.r
i),rrriL t,niiil.it3in 100!. I.ell.ir.n\iPotapovlila.lid'|k6tlui-rli,khic6dLrlgdichkiirnchuy€n

blaLr Lra) \a ),,J fx i' nliiar da d'1,;i 95r'Onhii!d6nivcicdtrrrgdichbiohirah)dfigilirndthir )qLri

i\Lr.:r':\oi \ir\iril (1h ,fu,! fr lrat lrin kir llc l'1.r1' Klri ng|i;ncLiua | hrr'hg cLja r"ng
'lt N
'ull
it,lliiiLri:,(l1'rhnrLtt:ircnah](t rLgiiitorrhirn' lrrr ' . Lrl I rrrnhl-) h' rl r1 r'Lrrg'khinurrg

.lu(l: L:i] \'i16rrgrjnNirraltrnrgdLLrgdich JLLiii20i'"phrrincirnbingsilihldragilh,'lb'irIll

L'arr Llirr

phir ii r rirr c:ifl b:r.r: rlc dlrrlr 11,.., phLrorg phip Srcin.:nraker:. r6n th;t khi nLrnJ 'lrnrr'l hin! ll

:l,-1';

7 D() f;i,1 T,liI D]15PO TR()AI(; (,'liC DUNG DICH AI'U}4INAT

'T:,i..l

:rlrlrldriglllt\i'|ritl.fil,.Jii khi b,Jl it\ai /\lroj t\hLlrtgchrrakhilrio'lrn;dr'tspodc

rirLL,'ll! rl ri

nr rrin rLru hi riy. O 2t]0-27r1 flrrL rir r ung bin cir:r '.ring v':ii dung dich aluillinat li bmritr khi lirrr
na lc
bao hin rhrng d !ch alLrrllinal birrg rlirspo d nhiQl di dtrdi 2750 ta kh6ng dLrgc dung dlch can bing
diiLr kien njl Neu
rturg rlir h gi:i ciin bing. \i \a rr[]it di dQng hqc diaspo kh6ng bin viing o nhilng
rhr ili.rs|],r cin iri .hlrlin bi.in thinh bomit khi 1l'rr d !l Ll'i b io ho'L thi t ranh phJLr oidi |4n cua dung
1',l
 dich alunrirlar da blio hda se nhrr rhetr kh6ng plu thu6c vio tori pha rin b:ln dir lbom;r tr,r,tc Ltiaspo).
Chuy€n bi6n diaspo thdnh bomit ar rrhiiL 116 duoi 275ri cir li xiy rr rir chir.. 1,i ila rt.r. ri rir rq Jictl
aluninat giA cAn bing c6 th6 coi nhu cdn bing.

Hitrh iE: DLrorg hr\a trrn d 2ll0'

1 Jiasspo trfng dung clich aluurilrLl

2. Bo mit trong dLrng dich aluminrr

Ilinh l9: Duong lia talr cira diaspc t||nrg dung dlch aluljriflur

L aJ :00!
2. A 220t'
Druginina d Vien nghi€n cinr Dh€m- magie todn Li6n Xo dii hoiI lhrinh cijng rriirll J;c rhir r.a
linh vuc niy Tr6n hinh 18 lrirh lrly oic drong h6a rar cna Disapo(t) v,.i'uonir(2) 112000. Disapo nhin
duoc bing phuorg ph6p lhLiy nhiCt tir bonir sach vi c6 mim disapo thjin nhi€n. lii! hinh t9 bi0u di6n
cic d img hoa tan cLha Jisapo d 2000 r'i 2200, xri-!' dLmg theo hudng bio ha)r alulnirrrr bing i)i!1po. Viac
4E
|hin crc dLri,llg rhLr .,i) Li nhi!1 (ii I:e tr cn lu Llurrg dlclr Liue bio hLi lLi kh6|3 the dLloc. bt,i \ i disalo

ilri bin lirng o ,rl, L!t Li,-' r',i ip -.uit cao lr,nikhorrrg li0r li klroirg J4{)rr). Vi(c phin h6a durrg dich

r'. .. l.:rr -'...\0,,J \,r. l:rr..h.ril 'r 'r.

rghiiru riirr hinh tro1lg otoila thi trlthieru bing rhcp llrring gi. qLr.rl trong bir diirr nhiit
ThLre

kh6ngkhi. Ihirhp|inplrarirrrirpbalrngihLqc]ii,cdlnhsaulhi Linr nguoi nhanh otocl. \a loc dLLng

dich tr€n nrii loc.'l inlr nn tllnh trLong d6i l6h olr dung dlch alurn:nat rrhan dusc khi d6 c|o pltdp nhin

diLrh ringcic lial {1,,:i tlrfc.nghit-rl l1)i ladingtiDcil

Cri:rg ric (liri rlLrLrc rin!. trong rhiing diau ki!:n nril durrg rlich sE bno hda diaspo srLr 3 gio

Kiiqrri:.,irrI cic dualtg h.:a r.rn cr. L{,n lllhe.r LiLl!r,(rr r.'.rr.L.lirspottheotlruirirrina

[]llchLrI!ln,i,,rr]Jridir,l-kiinrbingLl2lr ,r',ruil, lr.:r trrr eL, I .1r-Lrpo thip hon c'ra bornil lj|;
Do rlc,. llri clr.tn Lliir lilin hoa tln tlorir di:rsPo- bonril can phai clrir j din d6 hda !e0 cua diaspo lnc

Juong rraf l''|nl] 19 ch,l ri:il c6 lhi nllr]n .lLr(Jc carc dLrng dich alLrrnirr c(i tj coslic llrif liL dLrng dich

kiin rrn,rp -lrl c|o i|rlriar d'i nAr :10'.

,\. c"'1( Dtr::U [il l:rv litl. cLtl DIi'\G DICH ,11.t]NIlN/7.
.inh lrr,ririr cin rong rli dLng dich

,)'
i'il ,

i :.,,---
..:,'11.=
A-",,-'/,

lllrh 2u ):iic atrnh al!i b.in cria dung djch rlunrinal thco drL.\ng ti s6 costic khang d6i vi dLIr)ng
.l l'. .,1. c l,iir

Irif hinh lll. du rg q' s6 co:tlic kh6|g dii OL d gi| giic ttla d9 kh6ng clch \a dtronl t.ln bring

ding rtlriiL. DiiLr d,.r chring td ri:rg cric clung dich rit loang c6 tlrinh phin kh6ng khdc ;rr th rrrlL pl arr 'i I

bing. r'i ril r:hing l.if trong nrirt rlidi gian drli. Cnng cich xa g6c tgr dd theo drrdng O I -hr.L r rLong

.16 cing cirg ca,r thi khr)ring cilch tit.lLrm ltnr\y d6n tltLr)rg cin bdng L1:ug nhiet cang ting d6 quit bio
hba cia drmg rllch cing tiurg vd t1q) bin cr'ra n6 giiLnr ru6ng. Nhrnrg khi tidp tLrc ni'ng d6 cira .rlurninat thi

clLrdngt, st) c,rsrlc khanrgd6ihi gin\tidubn!.lilrg nhialdod(ldilbiLrlldacuadungrli.l gri I Ung

vi t1q bin cLra dLng 11lch lang Idn. D6 Lran c i,.rr ,lrLrLJ iLch thx' l ' rrn 9 nham \ i dung difh k|nng can

49
 bingkhid6loa|gcLlachhungtthald;ilren(Toanrh;ngOd Tai a . gixl) diarll crr OL r(,r (iuiDr,e

ding nhi€t, dung dich trd n6n cdn bing, cirn ri6p tLrc ting nirng ti6 trong gidi lrrn (torD nb, duog dich sE

chua bao hba, c6 khl neng hda r.n alumin. Sau .1ialn b dung dich lai kh.irg ban \i q,ri bro hl\r d5i yd.i
niltrialuminat.

Tinh chit dic bier cria dung dich alurrinar. r'i cl0. crc dung dich .hrlr bio hdr Lhi pha lo:ing lei
bidn thinh quri bro hoa, cric dung dich q.:! bto hrta st bin nhit khi ndng dd cu.r cir[rrg cao. ]rm lrrdl

lrong nh&ng li chinh lin cho viec diau l$i€n qLri trinh srin xuit illmin ctLr riu li qui rrinh nhin vi
phiin h6a dung dich aluminat, tro thinh phftc tap; 1ir do sinh ra lhrinr su l,lt djng
"{
liiin ,,I b:in chit r i
ciu trLlc cua dLrng dich dic biit naLy.

Anh bLrorg cnr i! s6 costicj chi s6 ben; fnlc qLL'r bio hdi.

TroDg c/rc d rg dich x[nninar d.]iudng. khi rdng li sO costic thi luin l!0n giarr: l, , u. t,r , .r

vri ting d6 bir G0c tao thnnh gitra dumg l! 5a cortic khdng d6i vd lfuc l,oiDtr ci|:r i:rrJ Lhj t. , lnst c
clng giiln. G6c llOX o gin giic gi6i h1n(ar, - ,:!i1r,10 ), ri s6 costic c,ja rit ci clc riuug tliih u6])

rjrrdngthr'rngOllginbi:ngl:db6tBn6ngdrrrr.trL ngcingqLrrh,,, 1,, | {rJ t,liftrarnh .rtr dur.i'!:

dang nhi:t t.6n hirh 20 nirn du6i duong rtrinq 0{J ).

Khi rang ri sa) coslic (c:lc dvdng rhing Oe. OL. OK vi OS) s. \Ljir hiin circ drrrrg riictr cirr i,iog
\ri chua bao hi)e. Cling rdng !i s6 costic chic .t.Li do.rn thing Lux rt I; (ltJtj !lru.r h o Lou .ln,r tc ir cl
.. ab <crl <Orrr Song song voi di3u d6 chi6Lr dii doan rhing bi6n thi dLri,! (tich .iu:i IiJ hn:, h\..t.rgilir.
btri vi chirng diu nin phia du6i nhnnh rrii cria dudng ding nhi€t ctc tlLrrg dictr niy chlrl bio hLta

hldmgilit cilng nhu narri aluminat trerr doan Orr Cthi khi n6ng d,t Na,O rir cro sru !i6j i,ar cira
nhanb p|ii Giam nt cdo dung dich nti khOng l,iu. qui bio lror atLrnrr:r

TirdidnXLtave ahrong ruOng g6c v('ri rruc lroirrh x]x, taidiirrL,irk!han&ri,rLg!

"jr!g,,r
r,6i trLrc horinh x,x. durrg dich c6 n6ng d6 NalO th6ng diri, cdn ning ,la .i, r .\tror 1!it it,x,, tlr. J,, Li,, r\
s6 costic lha), d6i.

Trong iit cd c:ic.giao di6m cia duiarg vLriing g6c x1x; r,tii rlLrong tj.16 coi;lic lihil! ila; .t, i .,.)
n6r didm (q) n.:tm dtl6i nh6nb trei cita du]ng dins nhicl, \,n duns dich c6 thinh phin nrong trng vor
didm ndy s€ chuabio hda alunirn vi hoin toin bin. Cic di6m cdrr lai ( q,, .q,". qi', q') n,rrn p ,ia rr.n
aludrg ding nhidt va chc dlng dich c6 rhenh phin rrrong img \'6i circ diin niv riE cluli blo hi)3 vil lihdng
hen

C6 thC dirng nirc chua bao hda hoic qLui bio hda tdm chi s6 bin cLtr rtung dich ho:rc chLrin s6
t6c dd ket linh nh6m hydroxit ri dung dich qu:i bio hda 1d hda tan n6 rrong duns dich chur b:lo hor.

5t)
( I It ta)\{j .1

(llj 50 i-lr-:1! Piltll)N(i l:'!lAP RAYL

]. SO DO IIIL^I J).)II 9\,1 XL]JT AL(I]J]A''iIiLA PI]LIONCi Pt':IAP B)YE

t,. Iian (lri :Irr r'LLil alu;1lilr thc" pirLr,'n!: fl'r'i; ba)c dLrrr-c !r)llh bit tf'rr hiilr ll Di |hiin
'l.l
rr; tha si,r'rL;:,t thcc llhi'irr phuo|g phirp kJric . rriv rheo thinh phin cira Bo:iit Ya c'r' diiLL kit-n
c r'r
ii

I'i:lisru|.iri r:r]'Ciiirll',i lii rira,.lLr- 'r LlLrnLlgfh'\iiirniLlrL''rrtdiespo)vichr'

LrirLr

i:i', mi;'n-1:iirr ir,lt cirrrg'r i !:trng dl.h lLLirr r!'.rrr Lh n rir lr r''Lrr Ilr) n!l'iti thunng lim \iec lheo

.lrLr l., kin \oi rrt:r' pl,air cip ili€u tlt.nll r,tng hniLc liirL -ru6n3 xoin, rrri
gin div arL"' rh rr tle h! LL

t,f .L f r i,, L ; c:'rc rl]i} rihr rlttj.\ lirc. tltr]( |rr t:r' rr|h!'trn!'1' h:'h lLrr n'jrrg binglroi

1., I llr--r]r.*-.-:--rr-L:,. ' r-.lrcrr kiin hruir Lre -le,lr-llql:Ejho p|eJr ldn silic oril( t'''j rlinlr
l,i rl, ir|:rf Ir.ur ii hLrir rilrriI ilji i.tl c,i lha 1rL,'r)!r ttit \{ii ki;rrr \i alLrrnilrrl. leo th}r)h alLr1llosilic'rt
kl,irir hilL i,,r. Liir', tl!,c,i. irr!t cr,.r thiat bi rtLrng norrg mi hrrlen phir se (1ua tfi:n chd g tiL citc be
'1i
clrLliiirL ,r".1I r ir i)i riirrlr ci,iL xlumo:ilicat horr.

( l rr lrr | .:i' rrr |icr r''r'rr; r'' l |'uor 'rr'"

rri,uq rl,i\ llir.r ,:arrr i S t,tocll rrrli tiilp nhau. fi o1,:'rli or6i cr)ng cirr dar" huldn phn t rnl I in rhi':t ' r

ii i irLl..,,i:'r'. h1, lrill:1|r.L ) ! ' I I )' i i r["u 'li:' g rii rrrr3 nt]ng s'r bo hLrlin phir ln'ng
i I
LI r 1 I Lr I I t Lr I I | , I

.,,. LraLl,, |]in,ri,ijr:: lir llti.'t lri i1!rli lror.lrulirr lrl|ir rlri!vi$r:hcb'khLri'ili'ltr'l'Ihrl'rr Ah:r.1

lr-.r:r ira lirai!.iic ilrlal ' 'il lri r'

jif, ki,-'! iri)iiu 1:I rr. .rri :i. aiuo. tarch \a rd3 !h(li rlLl|rg alurinri Clirl aln di ri^ I'hi tlrii ali
'llch
rl l)ir, .a rl ri rr rlirr,r iLrii rrl ,'.,r, ..r'. i 1ri"n(l\ " 1" ';6
lr,.,r:1: irLr ir iririr rl,:rcl:r

f:iirlr ciri ra rr: il iiL bi lin-t. r|r'. riLLr l,rc ri€ tech hoiNl loirr cilj viirr cin riri Iri riLrQc Lrnr
l)r
: ..r..'.i r..'.r. ..rr '.rui,i ..r;h,,r ..ir r'c tl, -t,1r' -l

l. ir,. :..J . 'r,|.c.\c r:|rJ: r,.l ) lr"r Inoi I lu. rrir'hk ri. ll r
ri\ tilr6c \.,r, t..ilrr L!i.rrg,\l:O, t'..,,g auns.ti.n.[1@JloI- tiIiLIT
f :i , , L, r r. lLrn..,il.h l.rrr L I

5l
 .l
\:.::! l:..

+
--,---,' \:ti.ut?r
+
Du!! Ct;h Griihi::nrLr
:rD: t!rtl!!i:i:Ll

+
:1.!Li
,iL.:r'jl a:!r r:-l

:lr:r:r:t a ,- 1

jit:: l|| l
'l
*
DLnr i- Lag LLi in rlt 1,4,1

Lk,r
Hlnh 2l: S0 d6 sin xuit allrlnin rhco phrroig irhif baye

Khuiy phdn h6a kco rlii 70-i00h, rheo n6t rlui'ng nhi6! dO linr rrgu,li .i.l qr,t (iirtr. S:1I da
linglryinpbn hydrat 1i tech dLrn51 Cichcii.Nhor,r h1.lr"rrt srr ,: rh-.,, 1. ,,elr ,,Lr,fr(iir)ic
k|6ng phnn loqi) duac chia linr 2 fhin rhi ntiii( cd h+t 16r. t!,:n,s tti.,:l,,r j ,,ir ri, lij,rj tl,fi)
1,hi,rr:
Jucc -.a li lh^i licrnr.rd'ra,l; n,,,g.cdr, nh1-,,., ,,!r.,-
"r.,..n or: ..: ,, I..',,,...:
'IrL,ng lll6t s6 trudng hqp nguo'i ta ciug rria hldrat m6i nhLLng kh6ng l.: ,cing
.irli \'irt \lrlfi trit|fr
t-,J.

Dung dich cii .tri nrrdc rta hyd.at dlrcc drra di c(l trry hoi rrong cic rtrjal bi ci,i!,r thi,1g nhii,r
bu6ng. Iin cho ndng d6 NarO. lang len din srin l0|! i \ i d., h11 lJn cu, FrrLr,:rLLj,-rlrr liillr lJri
hin luong natri hydroxit tro g dung dich t:ng. cho nen kong que irlnh cir bey hci dulg rlic|;iri. oirr
phan natri cacbonat ket tra dLr6i drng hop chir neirn ,r6t nLroc. D6i v.,i qu,i ,l irh a,r dirh it,i h,cn?

,i1
ral,-i f..r.r'rrl L. i lir.r ir.;r! hlr cir br) hoi L:itig lLLo,r! llrii.i cxcb.llrel licll t\l hofg toin (l rJ t Inh. Diiu
:.: .:., ri.l. \.^J, r:-lr\.:lr,r''I-lr'.r... |lrl rrl
'.
n{)ng nhirjr gi!,i h: drit diih.
J)ir !iNrn s||ir tiaLr tarr ;rrtfi bt drc\il nroi, rlatfi cacbonrl sau khi tndr khdi dLrng dicl)lilfr hoan

1.. : L ':t, \". Durr-J:.h \iirrr ."rrir.ol'r ni lo.dcrrr.

.lr"l-rr
blv h,:,i.iri,!r \!i (iun: dich cai. hoac c; ircng cic thiat bi c6bayhririSrg Dungdich cli dac6bav
h,,; d'I,,.r l:, r,nir l:i:m cliiiic :urii. 11€ bir cho nhiln3 16n lhii h6a hoc vi co hoc. !a s.ri .1(i dtn vno
mlt nr:iri:r cirt-: rLli Lirrtl.

' ' kl o r.lr

.<--- . I'Jr '-r -1, ur. l 'r' r", KJ

Ll,ir |n llr0 L:ic li rrif, dlr,t. jinr s.lcI fit k)- at€ ttich nl6nr o\it.

2. t'tl(,iJ}'(; Pt!.tP B !1 !, DUOI ii\715. jiVG C:.1{: ,SO LIEL; Vi ltt..t,\G ftt.'1i
(:..i\ It.,!.\,{j c1,,.1 iii: \,;,:o,.11'0: t7:()
.'l i:,,:r',rilrlufiri,;lir.oph,rrrrgphipbrl:Liii \inr chur'.n dtlnqthcoclrLr kr' rL gLirr L]!

T -r' '. r'l1' L-

.' ..tIrn :.-.j..Jr) ,o.. .rr' |.' dt.l,:lrrrr' Il \'l^.,r'lr
h,rLi g 1r1,, cii'll Ji bio h(ltr nh6,n oxir rr\ di bin \i|g cLla dung dioh lliat diilr khi6n sV bao hira ciic
,,r . ,t ...r.|,.i t...c.J. lr..rr-.,]'r.t( o,r'r|r. l,.rrrr, .r..irr

ir " ., :r i :r. , r,r...r1,. rr, L\', .\l O l,'..' rh,

"
p1:in ri r r,l (irf :'(li.Lr riurnirrr iirl!ri-ri+-1rl{igl]tr-L]]r!i[-s[]r!]!E]r!lirl,l!]-lu,i lrrcu nJ] :a
r .i ., . . : l. ' ,. ... J.. r.l'.' l, r' ,li-rtierr '.'r.rr r 'l',.. rr';r

ILroLrg Lii r riar,.: : ll . Li rrrr,i tiru i,j (irirlll).

'
C.1 tiLiSL rir;11tii lrd,r rrich chiLr:gta.iingtlu L; I rtLL.,rlrorrr . rr fhr Ll.r .lDtlriLnnrlfi hrdforitmi)il
cn (ltlIlr lr r:i i l ;l!:'l ,\1.{), :jfllg,'l \iro.. .r. = i.l S. l)a biar thi thr'rnh Phin cra dung dich nri} tran

girurlir.ci:;pl::11crrrlinsar5pliintrlirrl.rrr,'nr',,.:r pi 1r n(r1\ t,,rr"j!L,ddtnrdrchl

,!pdr:n3rr',thilrpirL:lircir.d!:rSdi.hrr(iiIril.lforrgdLin.,.r,0.lasadrloc:

t. rt.i r1-)L r'.frfll)in,

"":"il .l
\l

53
 It

a'

rll .:i

IIirlh 22: Chu kl qud trinh Rll)'e lrong he N:r-i-).,\ lrOr.llra

'lridoricdirhhanLlLrgngrruo'ctroirgllitlrLnidrlL \rLl :r j r | -nt-,1 LL lr,1 ca.

cau ttr.

Hirn luong llro- I400'(l I8;100) r)32-!!l;

118 loo
' ' = 1.1.1000 =3.'1,,
9;.11.6;.

,%,lr.r.r 3oo.roo
= .. :r.,r-r,
I I l0(,0
a. .. _
llt)
r82.100 .^.
r'.1
1,1 1000

- t 6a5 ?li!i -
NLI"!]- q.1s
d. - t.64s%
' %AI.O. 8.41
'fran giin d6. lhnnh phin cLie duug dich rir brcrr rl,r L,lng drirrr .\ , i) Jr r- J ch fr',r liiar: bair)

hdanh.nhyd|o\it'o]0,JCn6lArlrrngdjclrb,.1l\.|l-\|dinll
rich, nhiet dO niy cro hon 2000C. \'i va) kl, I ,tJc\ hor thrn' lrr- i,ir ,r 1.1 ' 1,1,r ir].,]loxiL si
h,)a lan.

Dur)ng hoa tich duoc biiu rhi bing dLrtirrg theng nOi ,lii,r .\ \,oi ,tiarr ,r,1,.1, ll.ar l3i1;
AlrO,) naLr 11 hi,, lrlh nh6m h)drort ngln nu,tc (borit diispo lr.,i. 1,.{iriri l.-.J rL:i i.i l ..]:Cr:.
I1:ti (65,19/" AI:Cr.) rr0u li hda lar.h'1h6n hydfoxit ngiim 3 rLri,r- tb'-'r:i( lLydfJqilir).

Gin thiat ring lj s6 costic cde Ju g di.h li|i kat thic { ur'L lJlrh hr,:r t:i:| rllr,, ., l. . I l
,,.
]\J.4inhgi^i r"r " , t.lcr. nr\. chu. rd.:d,,i.:r': s.( t. i' -l'..':: |,. ' I'
duorg ndy vu'i duong hda tech bomii hoic diaspo(B) "i cho ta gi(')i h,rn tran cir,r rtui tflrir hia ii.h

5.1
 iili i.iri bri ifi;n irii! biirll lJhuonil rrhip giri ticlt. Cho r,Lrrg diasPo kh6 dua di hi)r lich ci)
Cr'r

ththhp|irrlL,rlir:rl'11,,1i.0.,32')i'1..().rr,\,rr..l.bJrO o. lo"rlirkhL nunt Trong l00gboxll

ni) ca) i).j llrinlir lranr AlrO.0,2gthirltiFcror,0,lgpllintuSior,0,02pLinttigxlnlior'
chiri.
LLri'rg krinr li)'lhco tinh torn di duoc 6' sa c1)stic trong dung dich srLr ldri hio tich bing I '8.

Si iirir rt l'l dni r iii [,ri boxit nil tLrc li lrrgng NalO tinh birrg g cho phip lhu h<\i luong lh6m
,\lllrrul iLlrl I tli ilijr lo\it da tiuo.c dLrrg dich xlu!)iDat c6 ti s6 costic di clro, co th(1 ric dinh

CIo rirg Lhi hio lich. toin b0 sjor lrirng bo)iit chu)6r sang dang alunro silicat
Nrro.tlrorl Sia, l ll:O., r cnng \ii lior \i, le Oi lloan t.,in o lia trong cin dd K!i\{:!g
a hoi niLic v!o: ct'o rirg i)ri rgrng tu sa dlg!r+e-g}6.ur{i.
jo\'6i Lrl,rri: lN,r,r!r.i3 lungrilih ban tiirr. l ir r|lanir fhin c(il b(r\rt tii rhir ring khi hrir r.19!{1Q,05
120=15.') c,\ 1l 'c li
f1,.1.g,\11).rali,rl,'iclritrhnri.ilicit.cirnll.5rir.05=0.liphr.rl,rvl:i0.15

Di ri.,rr ral srar.. cin 0.rrs pi, 1 s N"a,O . cri,r da fiu h6i Alro. cen 0.'15.I,L_QJ,I\1.|)NdrO.
| |': \ '
----'_--a
.. ,, .: : .. | : .... ,,.r. ._ | )
rl\ t
t),-!1 .h'nir 1:l !a kiarn cna lori b{rxird:l ilo
- .1i . I L/ \
aJ ria d iian c.J I l(il qui n:r) nau \ia ditrh s6 kianr tico t6ng thuc:
.1 .\
\.1.0.)lij 1).. lli:
,''./
I rolrg .lr:
.J..
r lrLrirg Al,|., !lrirg L.o\it. i..' ,\ -t
{ LL,'()r,g SiO. g'lis b.\ir.

ii- r.0!r1.5 t 1). 0.1 t1.60=i:11.

lli)' giir .hrln:: 1r \ic djih luong dung dich irrin hoi[ can thiit de hda thch L00g bo]iit fi s6

costic cLn rlL ng rilch plrii hda r:ich phai br'rng 1.3 lui trong dung dich luan hoarn bon diu c6 chila l18g/l

Al.o.. \Lii rr i,i,rosric rrii rfilr s. tui g i,,,J

' '-,i lLsill'!=lil;-\i,rr..
tOl
Lr, g
^-aro
lroattinh

cor lal li :lu{l'l:19 lrlE'1. va luong ttung dici tuir hoin cin thi6t cho i00g boxit t:i
l "r L ri\ r/.
.l J ': r.. l' ^.".
10.'10 1.lilo

K;i qoir ir.,a rilch la chirng 1.1sa tiuoc dung dich, trong d6 cd chir.:

55
 Al,o,: rir dung dich tui" h"r'' llji. = t /s : rri boyir 45.e g; t.)rg c.,,g ji
^^]:
1000
8

Na,o.: hi dLrng dich

- tuin hot]n 19*=r,-U", do iao utumiliiti.iir ni:r di 0.0i fih.r.g. hav l,l
1000
0.05.62=3, I g; con lai 91.6-1. l=90,59.

. ()t) tl)
il,r t tr dung tli.h ruJD ho.ln ::]:-: = 108.:iia; Co hoi u,ic reurq L {i.t: t:rt.3-i:.!:ri tir ti.,rir
r 000

51 .18
ag. m:rr ,ro,l,.rr. iint 0lilr.l.r lr..\ | 0..tS t.r.r. .... ..,!-...,.., .r.:. '
102

308,4 f 52,8+9,1,8=368.4q

Trong luong dung dich sau khi hda tirch bi!3

3l + 90-5 r i68.4 = i1l.9g.

Thinh ph6n cr'ra dung dich rirh rheo % st la

!L4! =, r. :2,r,;-..1^,r.,
541.9
9o'5 1oo
=te.r.r'.'t r.r.,
541.9

,/ =: 1.0.15: l.7t
Li.Il
fj lro'rg cria dung dich d= I 211+ 0,0t]9.15.12 1.,:8: rhi lich cii dLl|rq di.lr:

i4t q
V:. : :t:'- = .l93rl1
1.33

tlin biSu d6. t)rr'rrh phin cria dLrng

di:h duoc bi;r rtribirg rtiim B,. i.l|LL \llv ihtrir l, .Lr,LLr jLLrLr
dich s:ru khi hoi larch xic di'h rheo phLrong t,Lalp piii tidr (lien! Br) khif ril rlhiaL, s. rr i rt,rrtr;.lL ,r
cLi.l dung dich lhco phuo|g phirp dd thi( rliin B). Sr, di nhLr \a) L.t ri rr.onr Lo:,it jL,l Lii trr. rr:.tr .

ngoii AI1O3.H2O. cr\r] c6 Sior, tLrong tic voi l-iim r.r t rirrl, .rlL nr r|li,r.r l.l ,r ,t l, t: r. il,lat lJric. ktri
hda tech, dung dich cfrng hi hr:ri nLrti.c nglmg rn ptra toirg. Vi \,At phLro]lg p)l.,p rhir 3irill.
clL,r rhi rrl
nhrr'g chi cho ta gii 1ri gin dnng di6m B, khnc b(ii tri chi,h \L. diJlll Er rlur {ir.rc L,:,xg ]rt: r,rrr
'it
phap giii rhjch phirc rap hcn.

Duong hda tich di ctc di3m A vA Br v:\ chung t6 ring trong qLr:i rrtnh hi.L t-t(h rti L,arL
qLra

vilng cia dung dirh giAnt cirng vdi su giin B s6 costic. O nhftng diarn phia srLr B, .lung tlich tro nir
kl6ngbenvnngol0'C.cdndnhungdi€mphiasauIl"thi nii 1ro oan irh6rg bin ..rarr Li 6,,)iiC. ltLtng
dich kh6ng bio hda alunin o 200"C vi gAn voi cin hing d 9j0 ri l500at.

,i6
 t)r irig phr loingr liunit dicb aluminrl allilr Jai. alLLlrc plra loing biug rru,ic r a. do do d9 bin
rnrgcLl;r n6giim xLrirrg. vr'r vi rhi tir dung dich c, fhat,itr.rhJdfo\ir.ChIr,L!'L ,gu]en nhin nni
lrdrg cfnlr loring iL di ll; Al;Oi so r{'ri luong alLrnin chira hollg bo\it. Nhu \A} trong
doan phr
dung dich sau kli p|a oirrgc.rr l'1i: 83-0,0i.51=3l,igAlrO..VidungdichdLrocphalodngLlnhiar
0 0t it i1
d6 g,in 10.,'C nar,\l:O, Llir r:r dLrr;i dang h\lr.rrrlit, liu L[o,J -0,8311,0.lirm chc,
lL,l
h,r,rrg I ilO cirn lli LLon3 dLLng dir.h lj 367.6;

Ta,ng tfgng luLrng cLn duDg diclL li 5-19,.1- rj sd costic cra dung dich lrng i€n dCn

,] - l!.i 1.1,15=l.slithitichcLladungdichbin$lg]lnlvahinlluang-,\lro,irorgdungdichla:
ll l.l

l i. l. l1100
= 20S,q i1
lll
. rrl. i 1.. qr. o. ,o.(,r,r 1 .'r\.r:
\l tr ,lri .,'..."'
giirg nl]lL tr,rng dorg dic r srLr khi frhe loang. do do rlu(ing fha loang chinh li drang cL, t) su (u,t !
. Lr..:. rr..r.1.'ro,'. r d !o:oLcrrr r.. Iru

l' 1,. \ -..:. ,.rl.r .rr l.d.\r\i/,.\-J.. !l'l,d.odngc,r \.

di,r| i.r {i; cn,t iliim L.iiLL rhi Llro durg dich loang D . nrr'r tliiur rrril cin phii nin tr€n iudne cu t) so

..r51i. liha)nir dai .l- = t.li l

Da cdiJrir!j r)'cr',r dia,,i Dr \'nlLrongrrLocniacinthi6tdiphaloangdun3di.hAixthit

ri,rg dL:ng Llich ioarg chirx I I Sgrl Al:Or. cdn nuarc firn chira 408/l Alror va co ri tranA biug l. L l)d
Lh ,ru I lir J,,,rr dtch l{)ling rir \ lit Iudc rr}a vl (l-x)lit dung dich ban dALr ha,D lnqlrg 208g/lALOrr

,ll)\ -(i-rl 208 = I l3: ri.ll.-.15L

\ri lrr.'irlr durrg Llic| drlnr dac drrii vio chi co 0.191 L Nen lif
. ,.,..1j: . . . 4 lr '.1.1u0,. ,(, ., r..r... r .. \ .i r) ,.,..t :r 1,13. lrong luong
(t l[j
'' ,:,. .r .r J. :.

l.:it {1.:l9l 1000-5-10.9 j.

lha ticI cir...luig drch loi g l!:

0:19: ti.:ii1=.0.f'.i-l i

fl:r lfoig luLm"i cu. llu [\ : ].il 9 I 196,1= l0l7 S.

51
 ' l n do tinh dLroc hinr lLrorrg trong pha loing

I I 8.0. xl. I 0r) 1.5qo

'' -. o
I i-
.
.rn\a.O
., - - t.ir.1.81 0.56%.
' 1.645
i

a. = 1,81.

I rc l ltdtr oo ||o Jtlo. DIeu rlrr DJi o J.! n u .

'I a thiy dung dich loang qui\ bio hia rhrmin d 60!C \ ii tit Dh;on li d cri 3{r'ii.

DLrong khuiy phnn h6a cLlng c6 thd rhc dlnh t'ing hri phLron3 t,hit: giii iiclr i., J I Il,l

I'jhLLorg phrip giiitich: giilhierringrrongdui)gdichcir 100 mol HrO c; lr r)rnl fllro \i! n mol
Alror Cho ring saLr k|i khLr6) phin h6a sr !ct nr1 \
A O.-ll-4, tr, ,r ,iu q dicir crii sau lJri
n ol

ldrLriy phlin h6a, si cdn l+i (i0-ir) nrol IIrO. n mol N, | \.L ( r-\) ,n. \l: , ri.u tlrl norg luo,rg
dung dich cii ld G, n6ne dd tirh theo % cLra AI1OJ vi Na,O ln [,\]:a)r] va [Na]O I lr ca

.Ai.o
. -- - (a-r).i01.100:(t1/
l- .... -)
G
. , ".61.100 ,?.6 2.101

6 rl0n .J).lE au2 (, .r) ^l

,l, L'ri(triir. 11.luJrph"cn.1 r fl.lr rrr ...,.rJ -. r .- '.'- J. ,r. r
' 4, r'l l0l
1.1/,ql: [ \i/.o] t16/ 5)

..(1800+ 62r)[,Nd.Ol 6)0An

*.__l02d.r-_.: /
r. = 6)
s -:r/I
6[ I'r,, r]-L(
1 |

Bet cf mot diem nio tr€n dlra]llg phan h6a crl g phii lhda rn.ln clic |L[ong tr]nh n6i tr€n.
Trrong inrg vcii m6i gie tfi cna Na,O ta lin x ti phLrong trinh saLr vrl tirn 1\lro, ti| pLuolrg rrnjl rruoc.
Lr \i) .i. nL: .lIrlFnrlr"r l,tr.fi.u.i J-rrpdi.lr lar,dl. ri'rhrnc o. ,.r'! r ,'r..:r-o:
100 mol ll:O).

DL,ng dich ban diu chtu 9,599'" hl:O., 10,56')i, NarC. yi 79.959/" t].ai, r./ -l,il1 Do (16

luong ring v6i 100nol HzO ban diu c6:

58
 ,r loo l .q j') ' l.ll'r' i-lr r)
7 r.8 r l0l

- !!)q1!
,, Io'56 r.81,',1,\:.,r)
7t 3i 62 =

Oir lhiir!\irtrOl- l l ta tim x ll)co c6 g tLrirc (l\L6)l

' . ,,., lu'.j.1. - u. .r'/ I "-r'0 \'l - , ..

l-,,-
-
th3y 8ii Lri.i , r "'io I)huong Lrlnh (lV-5) tr c(i:

(2.11 0,bL) l12

",,
3,lri.6l-

'lor {lar crl:r thinl p|in lLroc hollg dtrng dicll dLLoc f i'Lr thi tran gian d6 birrr-r diirrr D' mi

diarr fr'\! lire,i.liiLt hi\:rr. phii nill iril ph'n h6'i

'1tr':'rrg

\ii \!1\ d. ri) dvng ilLli.ng |han l)oa chi cirl r.€ duorr.e thilrg r1i qua diim D1 \'i f). d.n giao
di;nr v6i fhinh rfii cLrn dLL(|rg dir)g ntrlit l0!':

flLrro:rq phip rii thj: ve chLong thing di qua di6n DL ii hLLLing din didlr Al(OH)r' K€o dii

drrong thing rly vi phia sau cho dirr giao diim cna dtdng dinq rrhi€l 300C Do chinh li phen
'lLri)lrs
hLi:r . lIiSn rrLian 1a di6rn D cring ni|r tr€n dLrirng nal

c;t cic nh.i|h Lrii cLrl duiog ding rl|jet o D" (600C) vd D"'(10"c1 ltrrn'g
L\ring phin h,ra

cliinr niry biiurhl clrothinhpLincLLr'ic'tungdlchcrinbingnhindrrocniuquitiinhnh':rlr'1oriin

hirnh tlin rirnl::

,,,,,',=*;

59
Irong d6 arvia. ri s6 coslic lrong dLritg dicil diu r:i dung dich clrr'i rau 1l)N] ..,rio cing thirc noi
ffen gra lr! cua cac \'so cosllc Iaco:

D6i v6i 6ooc

) q)-t
- '"-.101)=lx.rruo
Rl
r'' =- ?qt

D0iY6i 30'C.

Nhirng s6 lieu rril cho thil lhuc thu Alror tin!: dot ng,lt li]li :i:n)r rhi;t rir'r rir {i0'( r ing
rc.
l0

Trong thpc rd. durg diclr duoc kh!i' \, ,.r.

p Lln ho.L derrr\ l.r.!,LLr ii) qrLi (rirh phin
hoi di6n |a rit chirl, do d6 ngudi ta k6t thuc klr it l,|in lroi blr d u ,hr.1,j , lholn!.711r'al r':i kit
thirc d gin,100(1. l)o riii trong crirrg ngiriSp, tiLrrir phin cri.r lrn- r reir,.Li n.rrrr Lrrr JLriirg DL:i| L!i:,.

gilra clc nhlnh curi dLrdng d;ng nhiet 6il0 \'i lo!C. Dung dj.h luin L 0n qu,! bjtr hrirL i,ir rL-tl,,
Alrorcanbingal0'Cl\il(T0quarbaolLdac,rn:rl,nlii nhiat .l ,krtt,,. ,r ,\ r r,, ,,1li

D6 xrc dnnr drinh phin cria dLLng Jlch cii. gia ririit ring grir L,ir; lihLrliy pt..ll l.!,.r 1,.r riru.
'
voi.!. =3.9. TreJl gian dd, thdnl phin cira dung dich niiy duo.'o l)raLr Cri bing eiro dii|r l.: lriite duLirrg

pbanhaav6i drlang c6 1j.s6 costio klirg doi lu trurgtlich n ). ur l \!, \lri. \jr ll,l?'oN!rO.

Duar.g cd ba) hoi: di xil dlrng dlirng ndv d c,r qufir trong c:rr rh, lr I ng,lrr rr h c(, l)riy h(ri cli
ca, rrdng d6 dung dich thay d6i. ca'n ri s6 cosric vin giLr ngulCn vi bin : .1,9 dii !6i 1rrli jll lrop .li Siri
thidttran.Viviy dudlgphuc{itvs6costicIhnn;doi.vithimd.\.,.,1in]i lhrnl,pll nfiilduncdich
c6i, se trirlrg vo'i drring cd b,ry hoi, rni di€m bit diu cira dudng ra., liL K.

Quit trinh c6 ba) hoj thrdng k6t lh[c ]lii ni,ng alo NarO, ilrt ihoins i,JC:t,l r 1lr (r r.1ntl
dung dich turin hoin dlroc cd Lrat,hoi .la 290c/l l\-aro.. FIim lrlinc Or trln:r dung rirh rL.lv (iuoc
^l
xic dinh theo dnng thirc:

1,645
,1-6. =290 =122.1n tt

Tj trong cira duns dich duqc xic dinh iheo cting thuc(lV-l ):

d- ' . {ry;;*;,,, oooo4r.,,, ri

60
I i, .16 t.r illi dialn Ll .rLrt dr r1 dich slLr Hri ci, brt\ l!'i lir:

n,,,;.' = !1!!!rl .. 11,.sr,.

I lt I0{)i)
:l 1l)(l
.lt.o. =l2l s.l'r"
1.lt.I000

DLri'nir c6 ba" hoi ca 11,; dnng d6 xrc dinlr hLerg nLroc bay hoi. Gii thiil.ing trong dung dich

LJrr driu.0.

t i,')'t (),.,t' : .1i.O.tibo/" I I.( )

/r I ,r ' i, = llt(r,]l

lr'-,rrg tiriri guiir rr-l bl hoi cl)i co tror)g ILr.xg rL r rtra)c gianr' cilr cic tiLr tiL khdc kh6ng rhel

\:r 1,.. 1,.1.| :..,:. 1" ":

/r i 1r I /,r:-,'r: Lii]trgdo l)L </-'.1'.: lllilj,l

Il:,nrlLrqnrrlirilrlhcLiii.cira\aro\i.\lro,1 ,rr.l'rn-'C. LJ.reus.rI r!rrrrgL'iner vaal

,r.I00 ,/. I {)0

t' 1'

. 100/r 1l{lrr

I rLr..n3 nLrclc b,). hoi biiu rhi bang 9t cira ri,rrg luc]ng dung dich barl diu, biJrg 100-P D6i \'6i

' :..-i,. Ir'', 11n\1. 1.u r'^ lt.lrJrbr,

i(r[] "" - +i0,,

2().ll

ln ll.frh plrir cra rlrxg dich c6 ba-\'hoi La L|il him lLrorrg Nall. \i o. trong Jo lhiP h' n l
i1.con lir'l|ll liro|Sr\lro: cetr honlnqlrtsov.idur ; l.lr du: rio qLr,r rrrnh lLoa t-i Sxukhichoth€nr

Liarn rr'ii .la bn lrti carc 1;n t|it thi{hr'tnh phirr cLrl dLrng rljch s€ trorg Ling liri ditrn A va o diirrr rrav

. .\r.,.,1.,.r' -..1 t .,.Jongl;

61
Nhu !6,j chu k,i cic dung dich rhco phuorg pLirp Be,!! drr!. biiu tlli r,in giir Ji l',, I rnh n:rii L

canh AII DlIC\'L{.

3. !'LIONG TAC G|OA C,lC C.TU TU CUl ROA7T T/6T DUI,G DICII NAOH.
Ngodic6cciutLichn)a:u-Al:O:, Fe:O;, SiOrvi I iO)- tfong boril ui) lhe cilli r rl iiur.tf llrrl
hlru co, cric tap chi! luu huinh. lhotpho, vanadi, c|onr... i'u'i lLro.rrg b€ hoirc lJrrlng Lli'rirg td.

Trong sin xuiit rlLrmin t|co phLrcmg t)hriP biyc thi rlung dich c!i li dLrIg di-h tLrrLr hrirn. i,r 'lr
.lt luorng chit tap kh6ng dnng k6 c6 th6 din din tich rlr lii vi lam phtc txp q ri n )ih

Vifc nghi€n ciru hinh vi cira cec chrt r! rr rrlng drrr . !lich I r, I ILrRD rrl)ng ch;ng
trl' '; lu
'
L

nhungili diiu kli€n dirng |liD qLrir tri r, mr .. r de r:' h,'i LL|h,n;tli, e,r.l .LI r.1'.Vidugali lll
khing loiri trir khi nang thu hii \'roi n6u nhu chil lrp nr'ry co chira trong borrl.

Lron3Lucei .rr.lr.lrn r,1.Jrorr. \oi r,, i.l' (i,rrr 'lrJ'r '.r,. i. r '.I'i"t..r.n'
chringtachuyinsangnghiencurtrlongtrc!u,trrr g,l .l nul \oi !i..iLLr tullr!\irLcirrborir!.

Silio oxil.

Silic oxit hoa tan trong (lLrlg dich kiim:

SiO. +zN1OII = l\i.t.Sio, t H,O

\,
:. !r..J. ranr.c.J 1'r' s,l L '\rlt.i, .l'r | ,r \ r.,r nl'i. r ' .rr ' . .l.tt.no.
vri nhiet d0 cia dung dlch.

Silic o\it v6 dinh hlnh \1d4c bi6i li cic gel silic o\it ngir,r ntroc. lllix lrt r.oii! di$t dich
kiirl n|rnh hon so viri o\ii silic kit tiirh. C.r. . . rt I 'rr hr-L r-rn rh rh.h.rrr rhLn1 tloirgriungdirL
costic, nr'r trong ci dung dich natrj cacbonat.

Sior. FIrO r NarClOr= Narsior+ ILo I col

Silic v6 dirlh hinh tfong boxit tdn t;i dr.ro'i danugel SiO:.n HrO otrn. l,i I,o1 tr r L,o tll|n r

cncnhamth4chnhLrgcizerit,rrefan...r:oaioxitsilicNrl)h(lrlannhanhtrongdLrnrrcichllr()11nL-.ng.

Volt vd Padovkira nghi6n ciru tzic dgrg cira durig dich liiirn ck,nrirr! lfan :ili!' o),it v6 ,:.linlL

hinir, thach anh \i caolhit. Uung dich aluminat ban rliu chua khoang i00tr'1 N.r:O, ;h ft, - .:1,7. Tl:'

si, silic trong dung djch giao dong ti 88,5 din l0l Si ir o\it \o dinh h ,rh iry t r Lhu) tirl, hir tan, con
..^j.lr rhi Juoc nr',,ic r.,c\.1r.. b-r.Cic n..u rr, Lr.rr lro., l.i'htr,n! r,.r. lc rrr l.c rr,.1rr p r

dat nhie! d0 l15:t 5'C. K61 qui lA khi cho them 2009 gel veo 500nrl dung dich altlnrilrat t1li him iuang
,'-.-./
.("
[t\q
62
 il.r!r iiLr|lg Ci.h Lhnn!: tang, riri
silic o)iii lr-i 8jinr. colr thircir trrr r r[i lrong diau kien ha.L larch rl6i tren

khaxrs lirir c(j lLIorg ri. \oi dLr|g dich

NlLroc l,ri illl LLrnlr€ \i N'lilbclg thi rlrach anh nglriir r)rir hia tan khi nhanll lrot)g.lung djch kidnr
coslic f(rnir \rl ci iroi:r dur:r .li.h natri caJbunrt. Pl,r lc Ihic r fh ; r. ,3u kli n;hirrr rrhir ri cho qua
rnit si g:000 l6icm'. rlLrq'-c dirrg phLrong ph,,p,l:ii vdxtlj
rur lith.L trinhh.ri ph.rr tlo vrl rllir
ri . . : i.l.\:. ^r, \ n..r i.-(bJ.-.rri,,. i.. ruJi.ldc1lrlr.r"r,1,irr '.'.r
diLr lily !i1 1]L1rl drurgdich. li€r qLrar t|i llghienr duoc lrill[ bi) hin bine 11.

lld.t lrn ihrch rnh trong dung d!(Il kiirn coslic v:i nxlri cacboDlt

fir rirt 5d ll.:Lr n:\l t.r Lhirr licjr rl)ui,L ri,J t t 1,. r I L :n r Ln .rnh hLro: ': din nhi€r d0 hia trn
cLr:1 no. (-.,r kaf lLrr f{hi6r cirLr tiirr |inh t;:i phing rhi nghiinr l!unq l:ln 1ai xlrong nh61tr Lfan curtg

ric ttirrlr 11:aLL n:iy lh.Lch enh urhial d€n ll0 rnit sing, tiic dung holn toin \lii dLrrr.r dich aluminat

trLin hoir L, lil0"(l trons Iic dr-l cii:rg loai thach anh ray, nhLLng toi kich tlluoc hrt lL,t lron 6{) Init
rt : , .- l.1 li r'rr r l.rk'r'n^r, rr'r"r i'l rrldi lr nrl t,.r'
\Joll \i Pldo\kira chi ra ling. kbi hne trich ca,r lanh tfong dung dich alirlinat thi SiOr ve All
.l rI r. ' lr.,rr il r l.r,.rl-rr ' l r',r. | .' r' " r1n lr ' .! L .r '\' ' l'nr,pl"r,
gin lci cn;rg tlLic \a:{). AIrO.. lSiO: lll:(1.

Ii.].. \iL, u.- I l', r' lr

' . ' ' t .l rr: ".r' "r 'l'
tao lhi,oh r ,,frtis:li.ri lNa.() 2r\1,O,. lSiOr. 2ll,O khing horr lan. Lap luan cr'n c.rt tiu -rjii Ji
kh.:urg.irnh riiiLr nil li khi gie c;rg cao lanh trorrg drurg di.'! NaOH lr1clr rhl SiOr lL,"t trLr del hon
2g]ln tror!'rirni ljl

flr!. iLrld troj)S drr: dich alu|ninaL cno larh tiro thinh l\rro. iAIrOr. 5SiOr

Vi vil phrirr vi cLla bo)til ltr,'rng tlr Lhr ritllre.har lr orgr5 pi1.n lrlrlL.trxsilicoxit. mi
cin phii biir nri riur drroidrng khoilr-r sin n:\o, v.:. phiir b6 thi nao trong borit.

'tlri!lLr. chi,ng h biai riDS kl!i xn l! bing phLLorg phrip kia]ll cic nbaln thach alulnit hoa tfong

dn .hiru (raLill/o sili{l o\ir, llri l,ir lt)il kianr do tao thanh alun|osili.at hodn lodn kh6ng deng k6. Sct di
nhu vi) li \ilrln nhLr ro.r.L, ,i.. rr'r, lr.n rlrl'J l..,. lrii rLrJorad,r.i d"' J l(r rnn.rn;
haa larch ihi tian h:irh r'6i ni, g tiQ ki.:n thip vd nhi6r d6 khoi|g l00cC. Vi dLl rrorg fham th4ch c6
chLtr silic rrriu ir tli:th r.r, 1,... l. -,..,rri .1,..rh t, plr-p\u li b, -\re.o'tlr;r -

Ngoiri rhirng cong thirc ili nal| 1r€r) d6i \6i hq? chit xllrnrosilica! duoc tao thiLrh trong dung
dich ahrfril;ri,.a,| cd lni da rr llr;rn mot j6 nftt1i Nl]:O. A11l:. lSiO:. 9llro, NA:O. Alror. 4SiO:.

63
 2H,O,2Nu]{). lAl1Or.3SiO:.2l11O.r'r....chnngkhicnhruvis6rrrol .iticojir.,rinLr{ic r'fhirinlnart
molalurrina!. Nguy;n nhdn thdnh phin alurLro"jlrcar Lhon€ cu tTirlr rn rrr r r-rng n r rrr LtiiLr ki€ntao
thanh n6. Khi srin xuit alumin thco phu('ng plirp Baye hoic li€n k6r rLi iirv rlru;c !io !.,! J rr tLrn. su

mol SiO.. r'1, | " n At mol Na O. A' .'. lhJ\ doj lrorp rl-,,i j| I r .

Khid6lAncecdungdichki;nsilicatvrialuminat(rntriardOiOirJCs;k;r1L,r, tL-"1) ct,.:r nir sru

khi rta c6 thinh phin tuong frng v6i c6ng ihirc NarO. Al?Or. t.TjSiO:. nH:O; r.i u!c cxc loJi c.,Lr

aluminosilicat ri_v- duoc li€t voi khoing sin xo6dalit thier nhiin 7(Nari\trSiros). :NxtlOr. rltro.

Clic thAnh phan alunosilicat ke r6n n;!r trong toai r.it nhieu khoing sill fensprL l,r rlat h6a
xeolit c6 c6ng thirc chung ( Na]. Ca )O. Al:O:. nSiO:. mHrO. Tror.g d6 n = 2,3-.1 vij 6. can rn thay
d6i ti! 0 dCn 8. Tiy theo nhi€t d6 vd li-tr suAt ri€ng cdra hoi nuoc nri hhrrr 1Lrtr. ng nu6c lr onq \eo t tha!
d6i, kh6ng phi vn t6 chric crla mang tinh tha. Xeolir trao d6i rhLrir rghich cic carion I i. nr t u.L L)rring
v6i cation kiinr th6. Nghi€n clnL linh dlit ra r: I clrit cr'i.r \r
I J fhLr crc ntu r, siticar ting hop,
, rr c
gi6ng xeolit \'e ihlrh phen vdtinli chh t.L. p.cnrurir ,lerr , r, r, t, ( \ar. e l,).^lrO, tS;O:.
2ll,O. IlLrp chit alumo silicat nay dLroc Crincr goi li 'pccnulir chuin rir hop ctrir Jrrurx6c ci, rhe
.l
rira di d0n No:O ( so r'6i him luong Na,O brn .liu ) vi !lra)' ltra b.)lrrrl I IrO rhco drLoJrg luon!:

I ( NarO. Alror. SiOr. 2lI:O ) r Hza) 'N. 6\1,o.. h\ rr -i I 2\rr,[ (rv-e)

Hay li:

Na6( .{1"si"lIrrOr! )l + 2HOII

lAl6Si,iHiroll"'rr + 2NaOII ( I\/ - l0 )

Tt d6 thiy riing c6 thC coi pecrn,rrir nhu mu6i ncrri cia arir ltunros jxic. hons itd, d., rhi),phirr

:Na
1
dLroc thay thi biDg ion hydro. Thdi gian Lli cJ4t duoc cirr t;ing giLia rrurlc v;i pccrrrLrlil phu rlruQc

rat nhidu v:\o nhi6! d6 V6i m6t 1;t r116. o j00C ihi lh€ln 4,29,q pecnutit, cdn d 22rC sru tht0 ctri hri.)
tan 1,/i00 [rong kiem- Dieu niy chi ra khi r:nq iirn gir'inr t6n thit kii'irong t]riirll l|.11r r !rn;!rlicrf
sau khi hda tich boxit bing otocla bing cricir rna c{n 116 r'cii nLLoc ruir11.

Kiin trong pecmitit c6 th; ihay th6 bing CaOi diiu liy cho phip giinr tjn tILt li,rrr oonl c.tn
d6 bdng carch them v6i l,1i hda tiich boril:

Nai[( A165LI{,]O']. )l +.3Ca(Or{)r

Car[( Al6SLllr:Ox )] + 6NaOII (IV lr )

ThUc tian ching minh ring hda rnch boxit voi su c6 ndr cirx v6i rhuc su cd lim grl1|r ra rar tdn
thii! ki6ln. Mic dir trong thoi gian hda trch, do luong kiim dLr tfong dung diclr nin quri rrinl rrao drii
ion riSn hiurh tri phrLi i,LfS Lfii thco phrong triuh ( IV L L ), rhung khi plre loelg hu)€n llu ot', r \-1

(i4c biet khi fria ..n {ll;. thi iai lai rlir kiinr alunro\ilicat. Tdrg luolg \(ii s; ]anr cho ton rlrir \iri )

rr.rrg ctD d.r lrir \oan)g. rhirlrs daru !hii crrn! lirn !.iil|x lhuc thLr AlrO.

liiriliir.rticlibfiiirioir!!.toclakhaing!irof,-)l thr.iri llothinh r.rtripccuritit. fi;pd6, lrotrgqui

ninh \ri i) clin (la |ir!j siia viri. Liirr phii dLrqc qiri ci rig v6i \ i6c Lrian il6i nr,tri th:inh (Jrr\r t c. r trrii
Diiu ni1 rl'r,ic l:irr1r -liirrr rira nrit s6 xi r)!irlip hLr lii.rri xiic nh,irr: ciirr ao {lunc \Li Ii Lr6 \trog b'lr)g
Ll,:ir16(rffi;rrn bir kiinr dLr'). lrnr trr.

Tit:tn diorit

t rl j liirr ci,-. ri,rg r!p ci)ir TiOl trong bo\;] srrlr hLrorrg nhiau ddn thlrc thu Al.O. tti boril khi
li.llg oto.ln l-11. ljirrr luar3 liten dtu\il br dirlrg tt v;t rrorr-q boxit Bra\in. Llirr ll"" rr' rrr:
ri,.r larirh

l].-.rj|.\ni).',Ih..,lil,i.llt,t\iX.]b.]ic11h]tI(),lg]j\(I(|lx]i|jllilrph1ltin1ut,rrgarlat.lz,ljIlllllil1
lLrfn! ofi r,: (ill,rc 11. rhi,Lt r 1,1li Lit tiLr gel 1'rrr alilr lrrLrr.s trir h L'o):it chLla l.-s')'; Ti(l:' n\rng tlo borit
ri,,L1,o 1,r,nr:rrIi,1,1rr',r,g!.'llr,b',ri{ l,,rnrir Jlrl,r3ilitchirr2,lr';.i)nhoxillrydrgillr r 2%'
'hni
:ihoalrg \il lrf. \a rirr| tfong bo\il clrrr dL,.rc lghidn cirLr di) dn. Thco b€tecliLr thl tiiarr lmng

1,,,r;1 o d}rg:nrnii,rn ( iialr ) min plri rir Belianl'irr, IvanLrr rrr J-apin vL€t \e gel phfc tnP Siol
iil)r ll.ll ir(in! 1,Li\!t. rlr.n Ilenccrlrr!\kl tlf '-j , irTrer \.fl rtlrren lLroe rlr cii cic dang tit.rn
rliri\it ritt;r. rN:io7r \:l Lrirliii. stcn ( C:ral. liO. SjOr ). slen lhLi sinh hrLv li leicoxen, pcropkil (
fl,,() fii)1 r. i,rrnefil i feO IiOr ) \'iL titannoirtr.rrct;1. Tha hiar dtL('i dang dung J.h rin sr'r '
i))rrnetii !ir Lii'!].liorit.-trorlr boril 8ic Uran 1hi liun clrr'r );u d r11|g gcl dioxit. khi rcrrl rdt clc l,rt

fr,,rrg ho:it h,riLr r11n d,r cLil1! t)|it hiirr llti] cii hitt mlirr. analazo. sfen \a inmenil don chi€c lll
Isiii ri.rrq lhorirr3 !i1 .rin titan rrolrg b{rxit li tliiLr quar trorg, boi vi Jung dich kien alLrrrrirrrr

rirc dLrnr i,;i chirri: rhcr tirni: (litDg k|ic nhrLr.

Yi ,:iu britlt:t \a, ,,,rirr/1. khi nLrng tuong ri,rg d6n 650 !i 915i(l sc bi6n da,i kh6lg ihuan nghich
th:nrlrrurir lir i ctilh6dLL rbin rirr3 rL;tir la rhir hirL binvringnh;t. salicd\rngchim hor), lroic:a
lhirl:r iii. 1,)iir \r)i liiiur if,rngot,, l-L f,l i ,i trch h, \il. Urit' Ir\ di drL '0chclhi rrghierr
'hrngInin
kn:rr3dinhilI.Khi lr!r lrichb.,xitthi sfen, innrfnir \alita onracneli! ciitrg li nhlmg kboing vit tro

Tirco \'iar.1 l.1l llrl lir{r c6 niit lorng Lroi\il lro|g olocla thl lirci thinh n:rtfi Inetatitanal:

-fio:+ N.IOII ' )i,rlll iO.. (1V l:)

'l heo tii liau rrl rua)rg nh6rD l-rran tbi lrorlg nhirng diiu kiQn ir6i trin Nar'l'ior duQc lio lhanh

1r. r.. ...r.:..rrllln

\rlf if); flro = NallTior J l'JaOII (lV ll)

65
 Ci hai phen iLng diu dij] ti6n k6t tna rin thit Ljinr nhu nlrau: ciL I ti! I iar, :ia rJr,t r,.,3-l .l
NarO do lao thinh Netatjtanit. Nhung nau cho l|iln r6i lhl tao thinh crnxi liill|lir_ dD d r .!rir Lr rJ,r
!h|t6l I ki€m [4]:

TiO, r 2CaO + nH:O = TiOr 2CdO.nt{ro. (i\J I.r )

Cic c6ng trinh nghian caru sau ]ai cho rhitrrg kit quii khdc vE rarc dLrng cr'rr kiinr lin li(l,. (jel
dioxit sach m6i didu ch6 iluo-c knuiy trQr tr"rr3 llr u 2U5iC iron3 or r \ ,r 1..- r co tjxrl llrong
318,200vi 150g,'1Na]O, xu;t phit tri tinh rohn de 1ao thinh tit.rnar Nar'fjor |:it qrii lii tomg cin sa|l
khi rLia, him luong NazO lrong d'rng dich ki€m ban ddu, nhLmg tronq ri c,i car,r tfrarne t1 rp diu r h,, r

nhiiu vr v6i 2i.8 vh Jl% tLrong lng vi.iiciic cong ihLic NaHTiOj hoic \.]-l-rll, !)Lr,!i rlir.lalr lal inh
hLriing cia ndng d6 NalO d6 ruong t,tc \'6i gcl TiO.:

NalO trong dung dich 9rl I Lli 200 15r.r

).Jaro trong cin- 9,4 16.93 l -i.75 it..1rl

'Iu diy cnc tic gii cna c6ng lrinh nii tf€n di dan kar lLrin la'fior ltrarg tlo rhrifir rrrrri tjrrnlr
IJiru t rrh r..rrv. r. cl ,.lrr .'.ip1,r..
Khi gi.im nhia! d6 ctia dLrng dich kiaur ci) Nang d6 318 9l r.!arO t.(Jr:1 otorlo 1Ii hiIr l oir'!
\a o r"ng car ,.ir kr i rr: 5irn ti ir h'e r la.r 'r 1.,' n.rr lar:,rlr hurr:.Ll rihiir rl,l d;r hl,x
iLrong NarO trong ciin di rira:

Nhi6t d6, uc 205 180 150 120

N.,rrl tr.no c n. o la 9 t 12.:0 3..r5 1.1.1

Song, nhtrng kdl qu:l nhin duoc lir cic Lhi nghiinr niy vin chLre clrrll,r :lrnh drLoc rilh dirng dirl
. r (. t l rrn n 1. trir. r lr ,.rl .nl,prinll , r' ,. riJ^ lr: rr.. :. ir'.-:,:
hi,a tich kh6ng c6 .linh vai kiirn tu do bi nu6criradi liLngnhidtd6 hr',x rlcll v.r n0rgdaftrro rrong
dLrng dich lim giin tuorg faic crja TiO? crj.r dung dich. Nat.i iilaDar thui ii lhirg bir r:ijr r)..r!t ,rrc,c.
r, '|lc liL,i rLroc tr'..r, r\,1,ir,o lrl'rrc:i, r. .|.,.r:, l\dro: | .

Nar.LiOr + HlO = t it\Oll)2 + 2NaatJI (1., .t))

Do i16, da xic dinh rhinh phii k\i xrlng 1,io't-i.r !ai ki;nr. h!,r,rir tha
cria clrit nh3. d,:rc sau
dnng nuoc d3 rua kidrn t$ do, bdi vi thny phen sa triur tlray ddi ci hirr lLro-n! Liinr li:n t:ar. r)ja,r ri!
rluoc Mironov vA Pazukhln khing dinh kii nbitn rtLroc cin c6 rhdnh phin lft:rc r)hau, lrv ihuoc vio
thoi gian rua vd nhj6t d6 nu6c. Cic thi nghi€m cho r|iy ring thny phrnr caln klr.;n!l tian tL-,1,h d,.n !ung.
ngay ca kii r&a rit lau bing nLrr:rc n6ng: lic dirr r ,\ r:1 h1nh, nhunp rr L1u -t."rLr lni di,r ngdt vi th,,f

16 li ngnng hdn, c6 thC do ca{n bi bao boc boi ldp gcl TiOr duoc tao thillh. l.tiin co 1!riri) pbin kLang

66
irii c|i rtril dLrlrc sr\u Llri rLta rti rrich kiinr Llr d.-. bi|g ru.lx uguyin chit, khirng ho.L talr va khirng

',: ri,..r,'r
| ' '
-'.ihiing n:rul'tn cLru rhil ring. ngl] () nlri'J dO l:0!c analazo lao d)inh \.oi dung dich
nil ch,r

N-ioll hai l).rp chit holrr tohn khic nir:ru ri th rh l)hin va linh chil Naro l l'jo' 2,5 H:o vn
iN.rO ili{)r. llIrO(hinh:l).TilanatthinlritdLroct1othinhkiin;ngdONa;otuI5nd;I100II
c.ir lilan,rl lhir hri Juoc rto rhinh khi NarO trong !|xrg dich 16rr hon 500 g/l ( hinl' la )

-t
l
f,,
-,1

:l
. 1- 1--r r- --r r
rrt lrri r:( l.lrl ltl lS! :it -
::a

llinl: 2l: irh hLLorg cr'rr Irhl€t da, qia cring rlin rlranh phin tltalar a, ndng d6 NarO. klric rhau
.-:l IIJ grl
' -0 o-o-: 500 c/l

ti6
l.:;
r. +1
i._i

i'1'\
:\
ot
":'1
'\
:'
I

!-l_ i f --#
il ::.. :, ria ri Stti .r. 8ta
Ii:O,.: L

Ilinh 24: I hnnh phin cr.ra c:in liry {hu(ic r"o hAlr luo. ng NalO. trong dung rlich

6'/
 Cirng nhiurg hqp chat ni] duoc 1!ro lhritnh lihi Tior tror',9 tic \di dLrng li.h tt]llrrrifrl l)LIii kinh

hi6nri rlriy rArrd la d titana! thii nlriL cric tirrl tlri b< rr c,r JrrLr I rrr I hrfh ]i. , L lit,tnet thir hni
dro. c rrio lhd,nh trong cic dLurg dich dam dic h{nr, du6i dug cli;i1 kai tira ling nlrrnh \ i llaD c,!c rirh
rlrinl, '0..,"r ..rl|lnh25.c,l"^ Jrl,o !i.,.1 nIp:^dr, ^ L,rl r'l(r.- ' r^ l'J
giira aratazo vi kiam dn kdt thnc. Niiu hri nhiet tlo ru6ng diln i501'Crhlphinirlqc],iLrdi miltil,!i
cin th€nr 15 phirt khudy lrorr sar khi t1a alirt dLlqc nhi€r d6 n6i Lran.

V6i kiiln vn dung dish aluminar. rulirr cilrg Ir, thdnh r r! riur . t .'Ling rirrr 1Lr tL:rzr) nnLri,g pnan

irngddnhinhchilmhonnhiiu.O2l0r'Cph,ir\aLr5-6Jlrrtrrrrll"rbrcnrl;iho.,n1!rrthi,rhtitsnit.Do
,l'\lri huurrthborir\lrjngcl o\ "r'.i,/uho;- L'r,lc. \e'r,,r l,rrrrr,...' r.r. .'. l','Jr,
.1,:

nio. Khi rta cin do. do kit qLri thity phin I h rin! nL!r nrlr l i. tirLritr ': T'fr rhrrlin rrio dung
diclr.

K|i nin:l lao tbenh cic titenrl nril .iLlttt khing diirl bin! cic liii iiiu, rhco cir l..i :rau C6lhl tlii
nhilnduoccrictituDatc6thdnhplinkl..rcrLhau.!,\.r(1.) TiO.i'.ai l:-'r) r hiirr!,l:ir r'LLit,:Lucirc
izopoli.rrit tilan.

CacdLrngdlohki0n..ikiirrrllrlrir.trrt!,rtrl\oi lL. \ ,L..lnr Lrr r ),r! nhrLr. Khi c(j

.,,irs.r.r (..'ir..: ir.' Lu !.,. r ' I l, li.1rrr d., ri,.. .: r 'i rlr r lr
'cn
pl)an ve ciiu trirc luong L:mg vdi khoi||lrsrinthiannlriaurlr)zohNa:O.2liO:2siar'.\'i]i rit c;l cic

or'g'1. \:r''. I'op.hi n..!J, r.'I d'.: I io"' l: t'.. .\'.. c

ben c4nh nati silicat cdn chira nani rluninat. thi luoog tlc \'ai l-io: ray ra rhLI dai \'(')i trLf|nlg hgp
kh6ng co Sior tr.l'lg dung dich: vlri i;ng itrl NarO di l00 g/l ho thinh titanat l'Jr:O. I I :(),. 1.5 llro.

cdn v6i n6ng dO NerO 500 g/1 \'i cao hon rbi lio ibirth 3Nr,O 5l iO'. I IIrO.

Sddi'l'ior c6 hinh vikhiic nhar riry theo \t c6 niit cira lrong cLjnr di,:]r,. l, |r du d;i
^lroi
\^r rru.,!l t ,r Sd:.|,.1.u. \.'i r"r i ri l.r,.r ' 1". '. r, .. '. I J...
tro thenh o nhi€ld6 thip hcrn, \'i \'6i lacdi l, nhln -u \ui r., .rr rtrL !dicLL i.raf rjrirrLirr:rt dA dLlrr.
kht silic sau rii tic dLrnB \'6i l ior, lro rr lo.Ll titr .,r rrr\ lLorr kh I' \ Lh!, r ' ,. nr' riir llxro lronv
dung dich.

Titanat lNarO.sTiO:. lllro dLroc l.L ,lhlnh ru :r r.rt37o \o, ric .lo l. L r,:.i) lrlilaL iltl Itloic.
Cic dung dich kidn d{m dlc tic d ng\'6iTiOrmhrnhh!'n.l?o1alorililrnrtDii'.

iiit orit
.
Sil oxir thvc ta kha,ng hda tan khi hda r,..rit IhjrL, tron:r
tich boxir t'ing ki!m. sorg niu sir
boxit thl n6 inh huong 16 ret, d6i k]li giy kht, khen lon cho liec tich vi rta c:rn da. l, i,'l,orir,sit
c6thdtanlai lrong thinh phin cLia nhiiu troang \,l LhA( nh tI, rn, ,r;r kho.,r,e \:il tirl .urh huong
theo mol ki6u []1.

68
 Si,t rxiL t1,nrg ngim nt6c ( hc(]ralil F.r'Jr )' rhLlirrg gap rrhil lrorrg borit k]!'irrg tic dung vdi

dnng dicli liia,lr Lhi hda ii.h trong olocla

IJtd,,herrtlil Fe:O.. ntlrO k|Lr rruric ti nhict clir 100 :00'rC !i k]li hdl' rich lrorrg
olocla

chulir ihirLrir s:1 o\il k|arrg ngriru n'1,'rc. k'rr the') srL phin Il Lh:nh lrhidu hat r'L bt
Seu d6 fcrol

kh,lng thr) diji chr, ,ia cLr6l qLrl rrlrh rira clrr dir

I.i'niLrit IIFcOT . aq va gelii Ill'oor hoi| toiirr rl(oo khri khi hoa tAch lrong otocll, nlrung
rrLLLic

(rong rli \ i tao th'lih

t|r g diiu iriin l:n8 \i rua caLn dd thi ri] f i1 qu, tf inh Dguoc lai. kirr) theo hier

sir oxit hr.ir rt ho:.

Ciorit circ alunrosili.st vi cic brzu khic' g'ri nhd d6n nLica co d" ni6nr la thiDh
sil nragie
chd hoin trin Khi hod
phln khnrg 6rr (iillr, da cirng thip, Li rQng thay doi vi ciu trirc I6p ldithr!
nacnctn lnirl pltin titt (
talh biirir otoclr. irrirozit hi-'.in t.i'rn plrill hLrl di tao thirlh n'hirlulrisilical'
Llo ri,'r cr rriLir rirrr ).rr\tiilrrLLLon!Illdnrt '- '1
r' rl i Lrr:l nq'rra*'Ltlr 'rLrlLra:

I lrr'O + ll:O ft:OL - lJ,

Pixr':r,g nir)n!n,i li mol iriirls ngLr\'n nhi l|nr taNrtr.laii nt:it ip slrit tro g.,locla khi hdr

ti.h bo\rt ehna |hiiu samo,'it ( ')

I rrong borit d'ri'ji drrrg hlrt diu :o klti ld lhrrrg kdt h:rch diaspo Trorrg
Sidtril lrcalo, ) 8if
rao Ir nracnelit
durg di;h kian tl)i hrltr iich otoclr. siderild€ phrin hnl tti chrrldn CO':
\do dunS
'liclr
rli phaxr r:r \ r llit ra hldro ill:
-t
l:cao I .a NrtoIJ .. Feror + 2lT,O . fl:.

Cij,,g,rhll \a,uozi1, lLrqng chir l.lp sid"rrit tirD lrong bo\il sa gii! ra lalng rip slral Llal rgiil tforg

otoclr. diic hiii,iii Yni phLro|g phip hLirr tirlr cl;Lr kj vn khi k|rirlg gian |oi trong olocla kh6ng l(rn

Lirir

() rlrlti (iei lrar l00itl nrlr :,-, tl.urg siL .'>rit trorg otocli] hip ph\r nhi'u ki'rn lir cii durrg dich
"i
N,rro (lur 1 lihoilnq 100 gil ) Kiilr bi Irip plrr,r kho rLra dur.rc l;rrg rrLr6c rr6ng

Crlrg niiii, llroing nhiiu cin do \,d cirng v6i ctrn do' ti'n thilt kiinr
r,'ri si1 ltong bo\it thi caLng

ri alurnirr cr)lg lon do rra khin! hoin toan' nric dir ting strit rnloc rira: va nhu va) lrong nuo' cin
i);chLritinglar Tit ci nhiLng diir niy dir ltn L'ng:ra tlr'1rr !r r aluffrn \J tirrg\undiutu dc \ii]
rlung xi ngiri€p voi cic thiai bi co ,]!n.s dich 16n

Vi .,rl\dahiau\i:je.ocacIlrocni:rloi irr l,an.h; hairr luqrlll Fcrol trong boxit r'rrriLrdLrr'rthr

lgLroi ti sa hx giii i|ur1.

69
 Thco S'ri.nor thi m6r'ii khoirii \.]1 sit Ur)) ling tdc d6 hda trlch bc,,:il tli,*1o. ,.l::,Lr rJi di rtLroc
xem xdt ti rt)i lfont choorg " hdt iich bo\il''

Cic chit trp hnu co'

Trong bo\it cic chAt tap nl), o dnng cic hunin vi bitum, Circ clLIt hurrrin brc, rrrhLry:u 1.r

cic axit humic phim chulin h6a cira liernin. chirng d6 tric dLrn!. \iri cri. drnq circrr :.r::ori, r3o ra
s.'rn

crlc hop chit ki€m humar khac nh,,u, chuvirr hii:r thinh nari oxrl.t.laliiarrn'ri.i.chi,rrhur1rri..

cirng v6i xtt tao thinh ciic dung dich kco.

Cnc hunin co thinh phin ptrnc tap, cinli tlfic h6a hoc cna ctring cho ri€n nay ctrua xic np
duoc. Thdnh phan rgryan i6 cir,t cic hunin c6 rh6 bi6u thi bing ntrirng con s. trurri, hinh sau dii!:
53% C, 169/0 O: 4910 Hr, 2% N: vi, cric ch.,lr tap khic.

slr \'(ri circ hurnin rhi birurn car o'ic diam 1r hin hrmg oachL' vi h]dro.ir. rrorr. LrrLrc ri ching
k|6Dg hor tao ifong c6c dung dich kiitrn. Dr ato kjri|g n€n xlnr to3n b,t cic clhr tjitLr t| Lru|!t borlt
d€Lr Ll nhnng trp chit c6 ],ii nhu nha'r

Nticl'1 cic chit hnrL co rrorg boxir chi iirh l)i,r!r fhi,, vril. v,i.,rr r.,rL eh"r
hanr lLrorrg
hunrindi viodurgdich.nrricLrngchiphinnio.song.nhLLthLLcliinc]rLrDenri.rr sxr'r..i s(r ri. luan
hoin trong dung dicL sa tioh luy milt lu(mg liln chil rri\. .

Khi c6 mdt v6i lhi 16r sai chir hiu co ht',r rrrn tro'g dLrng dich rriirr ca ric dLrng rirg rlruc rh. Alro:.
cdr cic chit khatc( hila tan rr..rng be.zcn. nr*rirg kh6ng hda tar trong riinr) lrri hi giam lrruc Uru ,1rro,
tir b6xit diaspo Diau ni! Snrinro\ giti rhjch do khi nirng bro bo. ciring theo
lj \i, L .,,r oLr.r rl l

ba,ril chi* r riau hol chil hda t.n rror g benztn cri rhi li ngu\'an rL.-tn riru clro
.{, lJr6 ho. r,rt}i KIli
hi)x tich cic loai b6rit rriiv thi dung dich rrLrninar ci, mau dc, rhi'r ( Jen) !r\ rrirr. rhLr .\r.or rfong
diaLr ki€n hoa ljch th6ng ihudng rir 1bip. Tic hrri cira tr<;p chir hir .., haa ta
rfolrg bcrrirn (jrf(r. khll
di bang cdch rhi€u bt)xil hoic bing cncb cho thi,rlv6j \ti liAu tLl.nrg cao (lan l0rl \r lol n,Ja.r ,\ntL
hLrirng cLra chit hrru ctr hda tich dLroc rern \al th6nr trong chuorrg ..hir, tac]r borir .,

cric chit huu co khdng phrii chi c6 enh hu6n8 ror doi \L,iqur rrr r hu.r i rlh l,o\ir. Ncu r)ir' rrro' I cic
chdt hfiu cd cao ihi il6 mh6t cia dung dich alLrninar tilDg lCn 16 rJi. \..., aliJLr rr:iy
3ii1, lJr6 l:hi' cho'i6,:.
ph6n clip kni nghiin ucrt b6xit. ldm chiin qui trinh l:ng vii rua cin do. ciing
nhu qul rrr,Jr i:ng Liorf.
dung dich ctn thi6t bi loc Qiatrirh lduiv phin h6adungdicr aiuNri'at ciing Lri chiirn iei ri nr6r,
hydroxi! nhil-n duoc c6 d0 hal b6 hon. cu6i cirng. chir hiiu co hnu co r:r'r inh )rrrrmg xiLr r.r hofl d{ng
cria c6c thi6t bi bay hoi vi ddn quri tr.ilrh k6r tinh nrrfi cacbona! tt dung rlitI tLrin loirr

ciic chil hnu co chi cd irrr hurmg d€n quri t'rnh khui) ph.rn |o.r l.iLr L|L,rg.,ru.rc rrlh rLr iioDg (rnJi,r
dich do kdt qui tuorg tdc trong dung dich d.:n gior hrn cd hri, nra rh(u \ rlt rhj tuLm.t rrrr!
i.! i I % oxi
clra Narordng dung da oxi h6a chrlng . Sau kIi dat C6n gioi han niy, t6c di khuiv p|:r hir chirn lai, r:i
70
khi rich 1 rfao i 91, cic cl:it lriru co ( theo ori ) thi rhu. ra dung dich alunrioat nging ph:in h6a. Vi dp.
\'ai bhnr ltrurrg ci. clr:rl hiu '.ui lrl e \l u .. . ll.ir1 l.lr'" , r"
i'Ol ,lTFni,iliir, lr rlr chi coll99"

r-gLr6n t1p chit hirL, cc, clrn yiLr li b6\it, nsoil rx chirng cdn di !iLo durrg t1lcll do kJt qui rLrong tic
liui drJ)t dich !ii \ rii lol lir cric ch;t llijr co linr d6Dg !q hiu co thudng cho \:io hu). n phu .cr I lr

.l' LL'l;rrpr' ' .. ., 1:,rJnI':,'.. nhor.r l,1J rrr \d rrr,r \' iJurrE l. \ri
jrrrklricastich6anarri.ircbonal,cicchithiLLrcoqLralvirngIaiquiLtlinh.

Di l)girr ngira cic chir haLLr co tich ]fiy trong alLrr irut. cin khLi chirng sonS so|8 \'6i vi€c b6 su g
Cr|r chi i rin: rrit flrin iirc chit hiru co dLL.c khiL cli LIong c6ng tloiin \Li lj b6xit: chrlng th€o caur

,lo. nLonr hidr..xil tirir;h pirinr. nruicicbonat Dr.roh)(hal (natri cacbonrL nitr hung ) k6t tiia lihi c,)

Lry lroi dung dich crii rri c.tr !(li sau khi c6 c6slic )ri,e nrifi cacbonit r ihLr hung (leng nhiau cic chrlt
lri,Lr cotich1rrllri.hi,,,rr1,1,lkra)i \dngqua).,nrgrlriirbingnlrun.qilLri|,-gr,!1

L....,1.... ..: lr rr : lrl J:r' r' r'e..'(l) ''., ," "'. bir 5c,rrl.. g
rir r:i lrrong r.r ciLr c|ing. O trqng thii cin {,i,rg rir'. h n luqrg cira cic rap clrit phei o dLroi m,lc r(ij
. J. .1r, 1: , r' ... l 'r.r- 'l: , 'u - Ji.-

'' rl rr..'l l,r i tlci'Iil ||'\..rr'a.rrr;i

r..l,cJ rl,:'r \''r" 'r \
hoi. sau nr6( nga) lilm \iat lja,) llrc hro|g r | (h ]r ililx \ao I nr k.t c ,r ,, rF llLJt tap di \'io ]n ll%
5o \ 6i hirn lLron-q ct|a n6 1[,r!j dLrng dich . N6n 0.u l na : m thi kh6ng cin phii li]rn sich dul)g dich

Nl\l|r)s n6U 0.0 i Nf . r,r thi clh phai lin sech th6ln dung dich .

t)iau r il,c|ing flrilrg.fun! \di nlnng chit lrnu c.r. rri con alirng \.tj bil kj rnot chat t4p nno co tha
tich tu lai {fong ha thil q

l lirr ILrong chit trp riurc ):ic ainh theo phLrLrrrr ph,ip, rri thLrc chit hnu co li \tic dinh luqrrg ox cllr
thiar d.i o\j h6e hoir lrif cacl)o| \.i htdfo 1r.il]g dLrng rlich .

Nar fhLr tlriirh phin ftmtir tn cLia cic chir hLLmin li 58% C..1%,llr, 16%,():, ihi .10 oxi h6r l00g
' .1 .1..r r l. .. l8-.o.ir.r,r . , .1....;-rr r".. r.ni rl,r ..,,:

1El -16= l5l g

lilridi,)lL t-.hir ihaticl! trdurgdich nhit djnir vml (riri hiLm lueng n g rlNarO 16ug) n(u tr(u lu,, , x
dune cllch pccnen3lrrt ri,i noug d6 chuin theo ori l-. thi him lLrLrng huurirr hi6u thi trin,s g'l . ro.,'
I rtfl.,) rr 'r, .,1 ... , .1 r, "r
dr-rrlrlc..rr l, :

x=r T.100.1000151r (,60sa l vgl= 105a.Tn\,% . (LV I6)

1t
 Tlii6u vri oong m6t s6 tnrdng h(p dcm rta b(l\ir c6 thi Lirn gi:in ning.iir tri h*r ciLr r * r.rp !lrr hLrrL

co lronc dung dich alunliDat .

Trong tii cir oic chit hip piru cic chir hinr co iii.iLrr: d;cli rlurrinai o cric .riirg d.rn iJrrc nhru nci
h€n. thi naki cacbonat rnonohydrate c6 khi ning llo hip phtr r)!rn jU trh.tt trier cu.,
h5p phu 16r nhit.
cic tiujr thd k6t thlc nhanh; chit k6t tua gdn nhftng hat fit bd . do c6 bi nril ri8ng ]tn r i nrnq alu crtr
crc chat hinr co chit hiu co rrong dung dich c6 dic ba, hoi tru6c kf,i bir diu k6r rirh nlrri clcbonet Ii
cao rh;l. natri cacbon^t nronohldrate nang miu cua caic chit hnu ccr. do rl(t li d )ii nqhi:p goi |l uatfi
cacbonat miu irung . nh6n hydfo\ir nhan duoc btn; thLr.ir ptrjn hor cit Lg ng n, Lr cLre chit him co.

: nd c6 n,\u h6ng nhat, Hrr'rc v(i mdu tring LL^ et cua h\ dfo\ir nh,i du rr Lhtu plrLr nJ plrip rhiau kJt.
Luong cic chal hiru co hip phu tren can d6 phLr thua)c vio sln luong. ri:,roh phin ktroirnr ri a r1,i trrr
cia cln do , tifc li p|u thu6c vio bi marr horr rinh cLra cirr di . cing nhu vio ,jne di cua c,rc .|nr Inrl
co trong dung dich ahminar

Cacbonst

nong b6xit chri 1iu li giin- canrit(CaCO: ). mrgerit (l\lgcor ) sial.fit (leca} ).
c6c cacborrat do.n
Khi hda tdch b6xit clisapo bing dung dich dalrr (.1a1c NrrO tti dni b-i thrin crr.b.,r dr!\rr,r.L,n trlnJ
thinh phin cira cic cacbonat, chLl\6n vdo dung <Jich d. lro thiDh Na:ajO.

CaCO, + 2NaOII Ca(OH), + Na:CO,

M8CO.+ 2NaOII MgIOH)rr 1.\atrCOr

I{oac rluoi rJ.rr3 ion:

\IeCOr r.2Olt ilrc(Olt)r + COrr'

{lhi€u cLr: cic phrin irng thrAn rghich ndy phu rh|6c \'io ruong qLran qinr da harr r.n cL.rr catc .ccbon.rl
!i cha ciic hydfo\ir tuorg irng. N-eu dung dich tuin hoin cri n6ng t16 Na:O. cl. tlri ij hJ:, t.rn cuo oic
hydfoxit gjAm d6t ng6r vA phdn irNg tjiin hinfr tn 1r ii srng phAi.

Phin ing sideril vdi Naoll phirc tip hLn. vi rrorg rrhLrlg diiu ki€n niv sit hoa tri irri I I ,,rr! brn r un3
ve bi o\i thinh manetit, diiu nj) duoc khnnr dilrh . vi pha rin crix sin thim tuo]rq tlc .ri tir rirh
h6a

va phin Lirg kdln theo vitc ti6t ra hydrc.

Dung dich aluminat phan hirv sidcrite hoac nragezir hoin ioin hon. vdi dal kiirn b6 hon :ro vor can\ir.

Berenstcn vi lvla\e.oc nhen xdi ing sede.it va magczit ching nhuns bi kiarr ir do Ini ci rarri
aluminat phan hi). T.ong trrrcng hqp niy phin img kem theo vi€c k;t tir.r nh6ni h).droxir ti dLrng dich
:

1).
 Feitrlg)Cor' ll\'a/\LOr +4H:O - Fc(i\lgXOIll: \arcor + 2AI(OII).
fs(OH)r o\i h{ia djn Fcroi. lli. lric gia n6i tr€n di tiin hirh hoir tich trcng 6tach h.t LC dung d ch
alunrinri .hi(r,5.2 trllNa:O,- ri.11 lgi IAll).r. \ali (. l.6l LLfong sjderile la] dreo duong ILro.ng\di

NarO. . llringhierr kio dni hxi gi; o |hiat d6 225'c,1ror)g lhii gian niy him luong Naroc lrong
dung dich giarn xu6ng col1 7.9g,'1. Alror xuong (!n |1 lg r,L L-r -1.16. Tro g rr;t lhi nghiem khic,
\ 6i lu ons sirllrrirc tiuh lorin Ii l.29mol rfCn 1 mol Na:O, ihi du rg dich chi cdn hi 1.09,'l Alror.

Viac tiat ra r\l(OI{)rtir dLrng rlich chua c6 th3 coi la chring nrinh cho tuolg tic rnrc lrlf giiia nrrri
alumifrl yri mrqezit hoirc side|itc. Drng ho nin.lru r,r g lli lr.n lr.h (ic t.Leb, nat n6i tr6n tr6ng
otoch bin.r rhng dich alurnirrt - lhi tuonr 1i! ..A rr Ihnnr Lh.!.r d; ch] .lin ir.r 1i tLL.rng tic v6i
kiart Iu Jo. dLra dan giriut t16 biu virrg cua dung dich llurlintLt \i |in cho n6 phin h63 \Iic dir mot
.,,\". il.ri .A1r..,.., -.. ,,..oq(a- .r.r.r.-. ,1.-r ch.'r
rai'i c6 rri l)a,l ri cl,irng din i;in !ia. 1L'Lrgh!,rro flrl !rr. !.Hrm lL,rnr n tfi cacbonat cdng
lrir: tlri rir r1 !Lriit cLh cic thiat tri c,-) Jarc bir\ h. cnir! !l.r i , r r c:rc orre nurLl ..r,! clrollg ilong caur
L r.,.1 rr' .- '.. L'r "i r rr. :. 'r cl,onr....n pl,.i , .-lr.,Je.iim
co5lic qrr ] lrti !irng lrrr.

Crir sunfnr

lionl: ha\it, ltrx hur-nh ch'l v6u o r14ng pirit FeSr vi dang keo c a dLurg djolL nAy -
rrcricoliriL -r l. Tfong cic b6\it pifil iloa j rnh. l r.ir luor: rruinlL In ,1Jn ]5 %. Khi hna tach
uorE ot(,.1,r thi r iic chrfio lrrLr lrujflr rio durrg diclr alunrirat \oi cic loiti b6xi1 pirit hoa phu ihu6c
\'io rhng khoirng rit |a ciLr tr|lc cr:r fo . ]huc tbLr [ru hLLj,lllr li] menicovinit rrio dLrng Llich d3t di
.15t;s!vdi |hrr lLLrrrg ciia lo . tlong khi dt'piritc,-,cr, tftr!l.ct trr tlirirrtLhr lr khiing tlrong tiic
r rii dLrnp dich liiln rlrrninat . I'hin kln lrrr hLLr nh trr)rg dLLnr dir r lnn tai duo i d.rn! NarS. Trong qud
| |. rr. . r.. 1lr.:, r. . : llr. |L,rri .. t l

'lrlrng qu:i trir1r loa ii.li rhLrc llrLr lLlr hujnh surrtua tir ba)iii giarn xu6ng khi lun hLrjnh tich nr

tror)g (luiru dich tuen h,)dn. Sjllc o\jt cii gx||hhrrorglLr,,Jr!rriT(nthlrcthuluuh'L\nhslrnfua.Hdm

I$(Jng lt|! irrjfh suiful cLrng gi'ln khi ting hirn luong orit silic rmng dung dich .

Hinh 26 cli r i irnh huong cira Sior lrong b6\it d6n thuc thu Iuu huj nh sunfua vd luu hrr n r rolg

Vi Nr:S 1i.| liiy nong dung rlich ben dau IJll trng rlrLr. ihu -{lro- tu bu\rl \i gian thLrc thu

ILftr hLrj rih sL'nti'a ldo dLtng dich nan di c.j ! ki€n cho fi|g. tro|g que rinh l)oa larch orocla- luu
hui'nh snrtira iaLr hop chit hinr co it hoa tan r (ri silic oxit dang rlNal IS. nsior. nllro (l - rrl

'73
 l4

HaIh:a.rgSrO: t.otgbolrl

lr,.-t, Anhl.uont r'.'O l n:q ri.di rlr rl, ,r 'J\',k1,;

r-6i chung cin xen luLr hrjnh rhu lap ch;t c6 h0i rrnng LrO\i! . No llm tiirg Lr, r ,r ti.,r lun
ki6m(do lio tlrinh r''ars ) vi linr bin dung J'ch ,l nr,.rt do Lt ,rt,,Ltr. th-Lnr r.iliirrr cic drrng

dich kco. KhLi sunfue dang keo nong durg drLI l: ,lriLr 1.h.,. \ rr:1 1,,: i-.hLL,L rriri-rr r,rrrL rtr,iritd:rng
keo phen tin kha,ng dnng phuong pl,if Ral ef dLI!'o. l-iur satl, su,,lira hllli birit ro th! 'u nri u.,uh :

tuy;n na)i\i thieu.

Tfong tii lieu it n6i don I'tr'an boxit sunfLn: chi biit ring rii. iuntin da rai (hcr brit.

Khilhi6u b6xit xit sxnfira nghiiu d[u -100 mitsring. rhi neal i;600rrr]t!!r)!r:r(',t!ia'daikhir
di 90% , vii d 7000C - d6n 96% toin bO lulr lrt\nl,.Tangd, r.,LJ.n: nr thr ph, i l.io Jii quilrinh
lhieu d6n 3 8i(' d; dilt dugc dO kILi hIU huinh n16i 116r. Song nhrr \,iJ trii,I di nr0t it.
15Lrc thrr A1rO, sE

c6 th3 li (lo a.Alro. duqc tao thanh tir disapo cirg nhiiu, khi rung cring nirrh vri ihi,]l| cilg kio dni.
N6u b6xir sunhra dtoc thiau tong lo l6p s6i. chL'r kh6ng phai li ornp thi lvu hL,!rl, . i) to1 \i
nhanh hon nhiiu. hi dr.r. v6i b6xit rghidn din I5 ir s|ln.e, chi cin 20- 30 ph liriau (r ;{l(llril .1: c6
-l

rl,elhir d n8oo I'n' 6uin" r roci;m {'rn n or I " lr l r..

pl,rrorgllr.rpB.)croehoar;chl .ir .rukl ,hiuLlkckii,r r' rr ". r.'urJIr'r. l: \ ' c s8o
tlrc lA cao hon 7'% so vdi bdxit thieu iltmg li) rnirp trong i gib.

Nhu viy tbieu b6xit nljau sunfLrr, datc biei birit Cisapo , rfong la i,iD sni 1i bi;n p|ir;r r,, b,.n nh.rr .Je
chuin bi b6rit r-ho hoa lich octocla.

Cic tap chit c6 hi'm lugng lrrong b6

'frong s6 cric t3p chit c6 han luo. binl plr rrr n3hin
ng b6, hdm lLrgrg cLia n6 1rcng b6\it tinh
hoic phin van, ngrrbi ta k6 d6n c6c oxit fotfo, ranadi, cron, gali. Iiodo pcntroxit chii' tron-s bix;t
kloeng 0.1 0.1 %1?othdnhvoi kidrn costic hqp ch6t natri fotfal NaiPOi dihiatttn onhietddcao.
14
lihi khLril phiir hrl.r drng,llch , s3.hl!c hldfoxit bi f.r(a! lilr bin lro0g quJ I
alunrinal

|llan. fntlir rrolrg rhrlrlr liharrg vio nhajnr hydro\il kirn loai Cec cnlrg rrioh nghier crlu chuDg
rir,g cie ltl ,liir urlr:rr r.i thi |oit tl(jng bilrh rhuirrrg kiri cung cip alurnin c6 hirn hro-ng ll|qng P:\
.rtt, l!or, !ll?! lt:illl lrL.r:! fc.,lao\it trlig bi diirr |hin girl 16 dinh. kh6ng !h\r thuoc vio luqng f')llal
alui !'io ciurg rlu rin. \'16t phi0 tbtfo dtrgc khir k|oi ch6l dien phan do dLrgc ho,Ln ngulen bay hoi, \'a

rrhir bat lltan hif phI l(itfat.

Khi rhiit (la .Lu cdc dung riich eluminaL giiln xu;ng mol it liri clc linh tlri rrali fottaL Lit l|r'L

lirrr tic cic rlrrg rlin . clc rlng trro aii nUet.v.r' Vi viv niu tIo g dlrng dich licb tu c'c nrr6r toltu
rhi cin t-.hii kh'r chi,lg i.an khic6 bal hoi ) d6n 20 30Lc dir rli tich
ngucji rlung clic]l LLrirr hL-'in ( sau

chitkitrir^ chrir ltll,l,,!r l0-2i % PrOj rn miil luong l6n natricacbonal O nr6t s6 xi nghiep nguoi ta
lich fottat klra,ng lir cic durrs cllch kiim d!c, nre ti cic rtung cjlch kiim trLrng blnh, giim b61
fhii
lLr,rn!: nIlr i .acboral lilch thco

!rnrdi l,cfrt:r.\iLeirL:N1r'if:1ia\illli,.1i-!{).il:i-11.i:. irorrgoclo.l:Inotitora\an:rdrl

Y O. {)flrOll='l l{.,\'o. ' lll.C)

Ur lrc,lclr nil !-.in:tlii fn3\rrn.ldirr trn,lLrrgiLitl \. lung dich iich l'il

r- ''iL .lr rirL

Ir;n0.5!rl Yr()iIi)i I"rhr khL,il phinhoasirTL qL l\ilr.LtLinh lfi nh h< Khi .llrden gir'ri htli hdat:rn
(khoring 1 03'li. ihi lu,nrg ratri !anrdat dL r. I :L LL r .tLng 1oi LLhorn \!l u\it trorrg qulr lfl h lallr
rrgLrr:'i dLrng dich rhmirrlL ili klrLril phin hi ,. \"t,"d l.nrgr Jorrrsot,l,',l.ln.liirciranharnr.vi vii]

I ll, ; r' i l,lr \ " .irr. \iL .i l\ \Jro'r' b rr .

"r
norg lJr,irrg bro dirn ihir drir riri tap chir \i1O.. Ihl fhii dinh \.i lim siLch caic dtrng dich.rlunrn.Lt Iru

liir r'iic nit'tirri rg flrLiri li l.ilr r iOi durrg di.h tLraI hoiLr al€n ]0 -10'Cl . nhLL lil rJdng thdi voi
\triitdar ia kal lrir tot l. Irong kal iia co cliLia khoing 6-8% \'rO: . cho non til diiy tdch ra ranadi
tc.1.r.\lt.rLrh khar:rg l,Lrii lir aliaLr kllo khin

t-iL: hrp chit crcnr thLLuug gip 1rcng ba)iit \6i luojrg kh(lng drirg k€ (0.02-0.01%). nhung
tr)rll nr:rt !ii b.',\ii lair do| i.llt CfrO:. Cac rll|u{ lrlrlrrt cronr oril Cr(OIl]i.2{lro, \a ( r(JH) JJ

lrirl lrLn lrong (lullg r lt.lr llifr tro thilh cronfL :

aflOlll, l'i'()it- l{f(lr(l +lllro(lV lS,

'I irh cl:ir 0rit lur crorl oxit tlr: h:af khirg co ki6m .lu lhi n onll llttrc
hirL, . o 1.:u. do 36 uiLr
ti cic cronrit l,i ihrl) t,lrlrl liirn lLi. ntru tfong qui trinh haa lich b6\ir L,ang.t.c r,
ho'\n toin. Khi ca

ll)l ciic cr,rilllt bin vilJri.. .6 ihc tich lni liri ltuog ci. dufg dich .rluninal , L\nr cho chirng cii nriu xanh
liciii nl\it. lluilgrla|gircrlitkhanll(mg1.r1lLrn-r. i kiirn LlLr h.i tach t L nr utulla vir hoin toin o'
l3i I for !r cirlr di.

75
 B6xit iu6n hr6n chiia nr6l krorrg b6 gaii o:il aaji:Or) . thuorg
lr:inr l|.rrlr gilj tfolg bo\jl (iao
d6rrg trong phem \i0.01 0.00191. kh6 g tinr riri) cic
kroing \el rieng l]ali.

Va tinh chjl h6a hoc , gali gi6ng nhdrn trldrcxit- v.i su gil
rtraLr \a baiJr ltnrh ior:t:il.r .d,l
(0.57 A) vi Gar. (0.61 A0) rao ra khe ning rher.thd i,rn nh6n
hj.droxir l)ing ior !l3ti uong cic khotJrir
vat cira b6xjt. Ciira gali (,xil vi nhdn hydroxir oxjl cr.) sV tuong
hf frir l,:)n: L\,tr11 gali 1i hop ctrir
Iuang tinh , hda tar rr.ong axir vi kiam iao thinh cic nru,ii gali
cia cic rL\ir lr {)0g ing |i cac gatxl Vj
du NaGaO:. Nhu va),, khi hda tich b6xir b:ng oroch. qati
oxit citng hrta tan .tuai dlrg nirrr garrr.

Tinh chir hiu cs axir cua gali hydro\ir rhe hicn nirnh hor so \,or nharll h.,.rlrorit . ci)n ni,ng rli
bdhonritnt i.I s,,!r \l Oj.\rr,i)t.t, th! \ Ln hoxcaccacbol.rl
crla Garor trong durrg (lich thi
t,l
hoa dungdich aluninat, thi rh6n h),cro\it kit l .r lrrroc urlr
l\dru.- tr LtlL, Jiclr i.duangiihqlli.
Cllc dung dich niv. ciing nhu phin k6t tLt-L u ,r eurS rLir q .i rfxr| !.r!hrr-rr lr!r.r. duo! ctin:t lirn
rrglvin lidu ch€ bi6n grti trong c6ng nghi€p. Chit tritu co kit tira
biur rran rh.rnh irorrg !... urg il.,j, !a
cic be ding dd ch[e vi trLryin dune dich alumi|rt cing c6 luorg
Blii ]rt,dri,\it LLrorg,]!i eao. ra co
{h€ lim nguyen lieu d€ thu h6i gxli. C6c ptrurlns p|it thu
h6i gati ntrLL rrri,t srh phirr phLr sil xLrit
,lu n.n J.roc tfrnll br\ ri(n.

76
 I llt \ , \L 11Lrl.,^ | r

1 r ,,. .t\ \) ,.t I t .t L/,L -/,/LL n //,,,,'';'

., n /. tr \nn, t nl n"., '.lcH BOXll

('ic diic LnL g chri y irr cLLL qLrar triih hrie tich LIorg olocla li thvc lht Alror , n r rB str.it Ih iit L'i

rirlu trin hrri ri [iiD. Cric diiu liiin tai uu d oc xirc d![h bing rhqrc nghien. quan trQrr! r, rnf lr
\ \ , -L -
\..
J I Di |ghialr rnin cira b.r\ir -J

2 Srr khuil trorg otoch )

" trir,n )rLryirr phr'r

' \'' .li,rr , r' ,r':dcr..r r' ,,\r -

:- I N|i!:r (i!i \i thdi gi:rr har t/r, lr

: 5.1i sa c(trtic cilr dufs dich tuin hoir vi dLrng dlch aluninat
'{.. r
,ii t""
-:{. SLr cLi rnat cr'n \'iri vi ciic chr'rt hnu co kh6c Lrhau

I inh lir r itrc h(!;lc ch0 kl c(rr qui tJlnh hor ltich

n ugiii€n min b6\il

I{''r l:rch bil\i1 binlr dLirrg dich tLriL h".tr.Lrrgll btt.Lr n 't qr" trrnr.iLng dicir lire naLo

khic har. dLrgc dic trrnrg birng tLrong tarc trCn nrat Fllin cich pha.

l nr dj hr\: t:ur cira r ir rin lrong chrt Jri r .. orLr trr hitn bJng thu,'.g pl,.it' tr1nh:

dCJl IjSrlarbh- c. KS(cbh -c) (\r l)

Ircl)a do l

Cr,, - nirng ilo ciL.r d ng.lichbiiohii chit hiiu co di cho

d(.lt rTro hirr lLrong cira urlng drl lhco lho'i gian. |a\ li t6c dil hoa tan chAt hltu co lri lhdi diim da
cho

\ fe |.r |' nclcr p|:

,"1
K he sii hda lan. li l1 lhuan ydi lie s(l khu;ch tin D vr'r ri la Dnbich \6i c[iar; riii enr | ].1 Le( r Ian

6.

Ap dlng cho qu6 tiinh hiia Lhoh b6xit , C bi6u thi nairg d6 ?\1ro, d rhii:l d0 hi'r r,l.tr cin Cbh
- nbng d0 Al:Or trong dung dich bao hda o cnng nhiel dO nly.

I pr,r.r,!lrinhr\-l ,l:r ll, ) loidohoJlJc l'rlr .' L, lr :l.rciri r. \. (l

voi dung dich.

Nghian n!L!6xit se l:im tang dien tich tiap rnc giara b6xit v6i dLrns dioh. do d6 l:nn t.,r-1 toc
dd hda tich. Didu kh6ng k€m phan qu.rn trQng ld khi nghiEn qLring sE phir vri kit hlch giiia cic hat
cr'Lc

cria c6c khoallrg sin kh6c nhau, b6c tr:in czic khoing sAn hda lan, tuc la cing ldm tirg ba miit 1i0p xtic

*:;" qh n" r,,r ou-g dich nrir' 5^.

Cirng diiu kiQn nghi€n nhLr nhau, rrlLrt,iq boc lr ur 'olrnrg !.n ! cir.r circ hri hI do cirrr
1. l,nt1r
khoring srnr c6 ich tr€n hnm ilro. ng orla klodrg sin nay lrong quirg) cilg cao thl hJr 1...ll Lr;n hi'nh

cing t6t. rhi nghian, cic kdt hirch bi ph6 vo chi y6u t) nhtrng oh6 ri6p gihp gilLa nhlnrg kboilg sdrr

kh6c nhnLr, bdi vi o' diy dQ bin kin h<rn trong bin than cac har cira tnug khoing san I iat:j triat.

D(.'1r.(ndibcc lrir' lor. o.n.,.., -icL,o:,.r '1r,. |,Iri--lt.I !E! niiic 1il c:r cec hit
qunng sau khi nghi€n dieu b€ hon hat brn dau cia khodng sin hi3lan

-ffi)ng vi bornit thtong rit b6 do dri urLrd:r b6c trin chi rq lrr,,\n toin phr'Li
bajril cric h3t disrpo
ddi hdi ph:ri nghi€n r'ft rnjn. Tul nhi€n. khong n rit rl,ier pli nl'h q, bu\il il( bu! L ni ll):i,, toi,r cic

hat n6i irin. bdi vi va rrgng iLrqng cnng rrhu th6 tich tu, chnng chiirn rulqt dri dr su h flr.rr rrona
b6xjt, ni tr.
d6i \ai khorng sin nhiin nhat g q r:r g Ihr no .1, rh. rlLroc bo, rrrr r!r\ c:, khi ktch
rhrr.ccudr.r. r.,r..,Uri IC Frlori r,kL t..ui.. rr.i. .., ' .r'rnb.r'1..r

6--!2Ue! rnjn c6 inh ludrg khic nheu dan d6 tir\ rtruo( \:ro !"1 tJ lr.-rl dIh Dhin

h6a hqc \.i thinh thin kho:ing vir cira b6!9.

l)3 hi)a tich b6xit c6 ceu ttuc chr1, ddi h6i p['ii oghiin |rin lror v6i b,lxir ci, ,riu ntc \6p-
.]o

rrong do.o nhiiu Jle. r.rnh md -,r..v rroi .o Ihi \u)in q,rJ .l,ro 1. dr.n, rr 'i r'.1 iu r ' r nt,o drn
I'o;,dolir ,tur.,bklr..echrdn.r'l'.-..irrgnr,n.'.6r.1 ::: l,i . d.icrrll,( r..r ,\J.. " s n1
din,dodoc rg llar cho durg rn6i d€ tharrr nhip \ao h.rr q, r r{ \ '
c,rrrg tlr,rc dil qu i uinh hoa tich.

B6xit cAng chait thi carng it khe ranh , cing kho lh3nr uot \ r I ru(r r t.in dung nr ,i \ itn lLat quing , do d6

thdnh phin nh6rn hydroxit drrqc hJa tich qua c,rc khe rinh cing it

l)r,,gJr.n chi co rlri rhrrr, r'...'p '"o i"rop khi lhor. k ,l..lrroc,lil .r ., li:ur.i1 plr .

thu6. \;o d rrdrn um dung d!.' h:r) l" rinh rio nui. -.:- b;\, \l r .l chir Inr " h . r r\ b,: nir

78
1,.ro ra nir-r,.- rn,ix:r han) ,rurtc gii,i) cl)o drng drcir da Lirjr,, rLLrLic vrl lhim n11iip sriu lLrlrg c!rc quaing. N'lOI

s6 ric gi.l iit \xprol.rill \io lori ch;{ r.,r Nl .rnl LlLco (,r !o iL r I h.rc nhr! L Li lic dlrns ciirl
xapfop. - ciiirgn]lrr cic.hir lriu c! rosoc,i chila nirl')llt ru(.)tL lri L:rrr ling d6 ho:l t.rn . u.r ' itrulg
,lun3 dich ll!m.

lj |rar..i) |r^i:iii. cic jrft l:h,rrillg siu chiLr alurnin b! ba. L.r,c bni mnt lir! mi!)g rrrirrg chit tirp.
k[,]!,g t:. d|,ri: v1,i nL,!gdichrxi,rho:ir'tr)0gnlri)nghlp Jvrichr\lzOschi tiirr h.rllLr d" lhLri.h
tin (lurg nriii qLri rirlrng lip mi\ng lay, ho:c rpr cic 16 x5p rri klc rinh trong chirng Dnr u crt lo+i
l.n\it ri) rllLian rni|r li tiic t iir cirr thi6t. nhinr plti Y6 cic I6t Ini g tao thnnh bing circ chit hilu co '
kh:ng rit! (lL ,!s ri,i Li,rn3 dich itlur i,,!t. h,ric bing nhiLng gel rilit. b.to qurnh cic h.rL (lisrlro. B6xit

Jl.japo n3h:.r rjjr ilcr)r lim lji0r l,irrg carh klLtr.r) lr,rrL sL, b,r u 50 L \ oi durr3 ,llch aluInirrat darrr
'ich
dic di khLr Sil | \'ia. linr
tfir \.i (liift ili, i rrlri sili.:rl srLLr.i,i hirr h1p dr,,,; sri) I'I.j 1ir ril hing llCl loing trc nritL Ltru I
circrrnt iL,,l L,irit nrl drLo. lrir rLii ;ilicagel klrirdi rriLriil lif.KatqLrrithi nghiirnd qctiiphq,p,r
i,iiri: ll

Ca. r.a l;,!.1:.,rS l:.irln!r.r;rrg 'r r LIL ,l ,r,, ,l \1Lb,t-,1 I'h l,r siliccaohorso
r(ii bo\ir r(] c|o Llrinr :.iiic orir Lt,mg rlrLil tirrlr tLi irox lrn. Irp c|it silicagel khi chi l:nl giarn phin

rilo tlLrc 1Lr L''\ltl

llr.o tic ili:i thi rtrrir hlL,'rrrg nhi:Lr cLrr oxit silic . cho lharrt vrio bing phuong Pllip
lrnii lr.. I rlr:nl rl nlr llarri .iliret ) cri th€ r1i,1i riiich nhLr sau: dni)i lic dL,ng cLLa dLLr;,liclr liirrr
rlNnrirlrt. cir. 1r)rlllr f'riiI siiit jr.itl Linlr lr'arr ba nlart disairo chu]3n sang rlang olLLmosilicri. do d(i c:ing
|oc.har \r) ,lt. |ri
cic| l\ chLrnl: r,i i liirn. l':ir;cho th6D siiicagcl
c:,n:. thl tren cic hql quing kh6ng

tr., rhii,h l(,i.,irin! Si(Oll)r , rrj b,ln !linir lLi bi;n thirnh llL,mi,risllical.

,inh i,rrlrl .'ir r{ l!. b,re si}ic ,rrit tr tn r:,1c h.r1 birit disrpo rlirr tl6 h6a f,ich 6'2051'(l ttung 3
gir.ll I

lr;r irr lirin g::r cirng :rr b6 brl:Lit IIam IuoLtg SiOl 'fhuc thu Al:{)i.9i,

trong b6xi1.91)
Thco lheo

rhinlthiaDr linh toin

19
 Kh6ng gia c6ng ,a.t)

Khir dung dich SiOr bnng iluminat t).6 91.1

Nhu tl3n ,1.1.9 98.1

Klt6ng gir c6ng 37.I

Khu SiOl bing dLrng dich alumlnit 2!.8 tt.i

Nhu lrCn i 7.5 96.2

7 Khirng gia c6ng 5.1.? 98 lJ

Thd|r SiOr durlidang silicrr 91.5

Nhu trin t2.5

lhCm Sior d,riri dang silicascl il.l 90. i

cic khotg sin bi cich 11. I,oln ro,i,' bdi .i" .l,ir tlpJ;;;;;Eldr, rui ,n iii,;,,;, r,,: -.i1,

Anh huLrllg cha dd min cira cdc b6xil khic rhau def !b+€-].It{+-\ t.t )r tf.|lt Ilhullj ri:irr rriill Lol

D6i vdi bd\ir h)dragilit di riLa cira rri Xocolop d l_rran. rlLLic Lhrr triLr 11|,r jihar!{ (lai khi trorl
.i. h ho\'l r!. iifl I, n lrrr, 20 -n r

D6i v6i b6xit tiamaica rhi n6i chulg klriing cin nghiirr nirr. chirn.r ilui.i i,,:,r bonrrL
hl,lraLrlrco h.r l'lr. rr '..r bih. ,,nr.Lr\' ,b.,1, Ru-,u,\,.... 1 r.. .. r, r.. -
b6xit ni), dusc dLra ngaj- vio khui) vcii dung dich tuin hoir. Kh6ns cho ptrap tJrL,jy
bC L.on rrantj, r.i
lo lim quing \'a' thinh mhn.g hat r;r nhar, gl\. Iih6 kh;D oho c:c ca)ng doar srr.
-
Nhmg de hda tich b6xit disapo bonit cir m6 Bic - Uran thi cin pt:ii nghiinniniBing l3)

30
 hrro;i;; cr'Ll 11i ;rgbiin d6n thgc thr' -\lr0r \iro dung dich khi h6a tdch b6rit B;c
llr,rn t ron;t .,toclr thi rghi!,n. tbdi i:rrlrir'r\a4-'r:c

D., hxt .irr b,l\!l , 9; I l\uc thu l)ri hirt cira b6\il , -1'o T|qc thu

Alro.. % ,\l:o.,
+ l1() nr it ,i-l| i ll(i I lrl0 nldt - 110 -270 rnit sing
I

r2i0 rlrit I

r-rt,.!rc si\rlg

'i6 t)
100 90.i t0 IO 1A

t{)0 82.E LJ ll 7l-) lE 6

i01l ?,i i L] t0 l0 36 4

t5 5 ilo li.l 25 70 86.6

Khi hai liclr ba\it Ili. tJran lrong sarr rLrir hiin. dnh hLrdrrr cira di' Inin clng th! lriin tt
'LrJ
lLr nhLr\iir'.Dihat l,;n lirrr:i:Lrx thucthu,{lroi. da hll cingnh6thlcthu dirrrrlinalcingting Vi !'t)'

Lhi rghii0 l,lriit. cuLr cho cl,: |nt l(ln qoa\ tri l|i rnil nghiin. Th.rc li;l chirng minh ring. drii vii
hririt Ilie Unn phli n3lriirr cho phin hrL llll nrit sing kh6ng ir hou 70t;. cirr phin h +l Ll rr iL 'r
singllrur.nhiir |or llri, rau|irtichtiirr lrrinirLr0r.ln(jzt5 l:0"!\'ri\o'idungdrli r rrr r(rL
chir.r l{).1 :!'l Nrr( ) ,.

lir crirs L.iaLr lrian ro rat d,ii \,r'i lj{,i\ii chia 969'; cac h+l lo"n disapo \a 4 % Lrirlrlit
Qu\ llLir
D,,iri de] fau li|:rrll lrLrorg ci,a dd rghiin urin d:ri Ll,u. thu Alror tir Lri)rir disapo. Khi h'ra ttich rforrg
:lh i l0:, . !a c!, thanr I tl, \tri thrrc thu theo tirrh nrin ll 9j 69;

f, .h rrrr' - irL I n -i j0 1i)_c -t5 -61 -11

-thlrc a)l.l 69.i ll

rhu i\l:Oi.l'c 50 i6 1 E

]-hi n,rhiinr ,ll,l r';i c:c miu cira cirng Ol loli b6xit disapo, nh|lrlg d0 hal cira cic tjnh rhi
.iisarr, ll:ic uhrLr. c|irns tii ring ting d6 h,lt tu I0 - :2Llnr se l:rn giim thlrc thu Alror lil oo \LL;ng enrl
l-1yo S{phrliruoctLrofgltr car'lg thrl hierr khi l)ie lich b6\it lli) c6 lhdrrr v6i'

.r-goii inh hur'rn1 tlo dinh, cen chi

cLra
@rAt
j ti',g 1",,g ,fQ ttri,, ,,gl c€n l'rm chiln

. ,L r. l, : riJ d l...,r'.,n -r ' r.- ri,icr bi l:'n;r' r'r'

8l
 Sr khuiy tr6n hulin phir

Cing nhrr phin tor cnc quri trinh di thi, c6 rhi hnrh dung qLri rrinh ir,ix r:rn circ li|oing sin
nhu cliiia slirmin cua b6xit bao g6m c6c giai rloan saLr .liil i

Lrhiim Lrot bd mit kho6ng sdn birg ki€m cosric

2.qui lfinb tuong 1rc thLrc thu giia natfi h)dforiit \,ii khoirrg sin

3. bio hdr alurnin vt\ nghdo nniri hvdro;(it hoat tirh irong l6p bi rnir cua rlnn{ dich

.1 (lrrr...trr.'l .rnintrllIr.r rr Inp L,i;r cro.\.r.r . rr irr .. r.cr.rr )1,.,.

llrLrong khuieh | _!:j-__:{, .i -;. d -rr

x Jo..,, ch r.. ,t ,.. .r .,|!. | .ti rl
r'
'J rul-!:rf-U9l!l_lj]!-i r' rl\ rrvn l,L\a rl'L],-l-t-
. r.,rrr . j. lr rr D^\:r \' 1. , rf:_:|]!,!trllt:t!ii9-qj I \:, , , r,..r, r, r... .t J_ ,, r, I .

khuach tin. Tffmg hop kh i) lfa)n di.hi li rixi c,onn lrhic nhru
nhanh. ttli kh6|g phii khLractr Ltn. rnt
cira qui lrinh se lrd n€n chi'r rhit r d do d6 quyal dinh 1dc da) ha,a tlch bri\it. lli-:' n:r\ Lhur
.! Lhc ,oi
trrr6c drLoc. d6i \'6i nror loai b6\i1 nhit dinh tron:.r nhnng rliiu kii,r nhlr di,,h rhi giai do.n nro quydr
di t6c d6 hda t6ch. chi biCt r;ng litc .16 cira cic phrnr irng ing di rha rang \ii nhie! Jd llrLrrrtr hm, so
vdi t6c d6 khuech rin.

N6ng .lii kiAm hoet tiI'h (Naroh,) r.ong dung dich tuin hoin

Tengn6nsd6NarOFrchiiltgnhtrngldmtirgtujcd6hdelich.nlcl)ngirinliiLr r| ,,r tLru,r

\i -':-
n,,r b,r\if giim tiiu r,,r tro.ion_l thi tich ru cira rhi;t bi hda tiich ciinr yiu ciLr bJ hclr. Song hiln
lro..- kiflI rr.ng J.r,.d d cll'rr:rn horn .1..a c:o .r J..r, ,t<.. .,.c Lh.r,,. ,ti. r. , , ci. r ,r,. ,r .r. t i -,rl
m6n vi nudc rira cin yiLr cdu phii niri€u hon. tlo di, titng phu tii cho ci'rg rii-.rir bir trui ri; iim
cho
di6u kiin ljLm viec d day xdu di. DQ kidm t6i uLr cira ltung dich ruin hoi:tn dLroc xiic jrrr b.,rrg Ltruc
nghi;rn cho tirig lrrdng hLrp. Vi dLr. de hda tech b6xit disapo-bon1it. dufs ijich lLrin hnr,r
lrhej lhira
g:ln 300 g/l NarO. yoi d" tn 3.1 3.8

Nhiit dO vir thdi gian hdn tich

NhiCr d6 u 16 qlran lrong nlit rtrirc aiy phen rmg tuo.ng rjc giar3 nh6n hydfoarl v,r natrj
hldroxit. Hing s6 tiic d6 crlra p-I u thu6c vio n!4!j!q!\eo phuorg trinh.rrcnius :

rnK=AT FB (V-2)

32
TrcDg r1ir.r. ll cilc hang s,r clat !rung cLla ph:in irng d:. cho.

I linlt sa Al,rniirl. dlc lr ung rho lriing luonit ho.tt h6a, li mclt diri luqng am,do di) ting nhiit d6 sC linr
ting Iolrt. rLliirg s; t)|in Li i: rillg

Anh hurlng i:rL.r nhi6t do d€n hdr ti.h b6xit cing c6 iha hinh dung tir phucflg trilh t6c di phin ring
u-.li | : ,n1 ,l r.-'..1,'.-i,.,n.. tl.. li-.r'Ll r.r,rhi....,r 1..\:

D=R.l \ l r,i Lr d(\'-l)

Tung ilt] :

! - dn irl)i,r .ia d rg, 6i(dung dlrl, rh,nr;Dat )

d (lrfirf! kifh cLn hrt

D6 flr ri t ilun nl,n( bAng lqdo ting D

i th€

llirr L,i

.\nir hull'rt cri.i Iri€t ii6 t6i ala nh6t tu'onq dii ciri cic durg dirh alunriner .:

Hirn lL (. r- D6 nh.,l hrrrrq d6i cLia dui)g dich ; rhi,;t d6. "C
A r{1,.i. I

0 25 50 75 t0

5 0.:J i aj l 1.68 I 58 1,51 t4l

9t.l 1.65 'r 26 1.19 1.5,1 2.28 2.49

151.4 r.65 ll 0,1 6.71 :l.-;5 3.7 3. L-1

:01.: 1.65 ll.ir0 14.6i 8.55 6..16 6:0

101.0 I 6t t96.|0 125.00 -T 1 .20 n.20 12.09

83
Ka,,nero\' vi d6nq nghiQp l3l cnrg rhLr rhAp droc nl,.rns s6 liiLr tLro,,g r|l vi rlr r hLl1j,r!.|e i:hitt di)
dFD do nhol crlfl .lrrrtdic| alurn.,r..r.i .,c ll,d r' l h;1 rj. r.1..'r lr'r,' ;

al
.ts

l6
E] l:ts
l* :l
:0

tlj| ].jC iSl

1J
I2
& IU
- 8
6
.t
&
2

0 110 tsO 2:0

IIinh 2,-. Srr phu thu6c giiia d6 nh6t cira d ng rlich alurrirar o carc nhiel t16 lJuic nhaLr vr;i rLnng Ll6:

a a,.,," -1.5;b o..,". =3,53

Dun rong litm tAng d6 hda tan- Llo dri liln rirng hi6u si) (Cih tt)- \ r la In ian,' lfr. da hira tich
Lucrng alunlinal c thuc aluoc trong lhdi gian r c6 thd biau thi bine phuNn,., lrlnh srLr da,y :

11=oFv.dr hay li a=vth .r (V'1)

Trong d6 :

v - t6c d6 hde txn tai thoi di6m di cho. In hdn lvong cria thi'i iljtllr v-(r)
8,1
r th,li gian lr.).r l"llr

\,.,- toc dd lrung binh cua t|ii gian 1

l lurg 0hiel d'r- lirrr tiLng t,ic d6 hira tan. dct d6. d; da1 cilng mOl rhuc thu nllr nhau, cir rh6 giirn thoi

gi.ru hie t::ch (ba,rg. li r

Birnq li

Irui rg crl:r nltiii rlo dln thuc thu Alror hhi hdr hda tich b6\it disapo v6i 37o v6i trong 3h

'lhLrc iirLr r\l.Oi.9'" o nhi,,:t d(j. )(' lhLrc lhu

S', thu 1u
thco tinh
Loii .!/;

I0,i 2t,i 2t5 :50

ii)l) it l -ll () 81.1 t).,1 95.6

65.: 69.1 7l.r) 81.0 90.8

618 l-t.l ?0.: 85.1 39 1 90.2

69.0 75..1 ti Li 90 89.4

it.a 61.6 82.0 85.0 lJ9.8 89s

ll: 11 .2 ?0.8 11.4 125 95.0

Trir miu s6:r. thrro thu Al:o; cic rrriu b6\it khiic nhau diin ting khi targ nh'et d(i,

:50(al dxt.tan lrin c(,r s; linh toirn.

Iiidng v6i Irirr s6 19. trong do chil! 919'! disrpo, 6% bonril viL 3% .aolinit thl thLrc thLr
'\lro'
chi o llnic?0 7l r'i khi hara tirch d nhi6t d6 2Lra ?50"C, thai giau tir 3 l0h, do, nghiin min tLr l5n -
1lt'm.!:tl.ngviii thorl,alnIiII 12.5%. Nguy6n nhAn kh6 hia lich loii b6xit nir] cbua )tic dinlr
.l r .... ; i;l i ., rr . Jir'nr 'r '" , ' ..1

Arh hLrorrg cLra rhiit dQ c16n thllc rh \lCr khi hoi lxth c L llr'lr b6\rt B;c Uran trong

(rtocla dLro. c chi ril horr lrin c.lc duong da D|iat d_ hinh 28
85
 ;0

80

60

20

19: 200 lOi 210 :15

Nitier ai bit),.c

I]inh 28. Anh huong cira dicr d6 hda rrich boxit ddn rhuc thu Alro_. tron!,thai giar rir 0,j dcn flll

hor Ii(h rron,r Lr.ih 2. trong llr

l. lfong 2h -1. trong jh j. lfoos 4h

DCthuh6i 30%,{lro.thi:200atchioinI)iurrongb6xitrfongil, nl,L,nga2t5Cca,nda,,.h.

d 205"C 3h vd d 200"C 4h.

Clec nghien ciru ir xddng nh6n Uran chLing ld ling thuc rhu ,\lrt)r 1ir b6rir d 20j0C t:inq lhco
thoi gian ( tu I d6n 4h). NLrng nir: o 2150C vi trorlt 2lL dem bdo tluc lhr .\lroj lii hnn_ cao hL]l .1 ,19i
so ltii nung niu t] 2050C rrone 3h

\helJn\.lui _r..r,,,,.8 ;serrr -rt. t rn-/icnm".nr..r \ .. !r J..

lr:'''.onrhit''rrrr'lr\|rit'o''';cnrr...ffi 105 l6f llioil
lin giim bc,t l8% trrne lrone kiim mit rn?ir cirng vdi i_in.

Crc thi nghi6,rr oiia Bcrensten x6c nhin ring hoa rich b6xit Ltic Lian o.260,C c61h€ dar (tin
thLrc thu Al?Or thco linh todr chi trong vai phlirt4l. ngay cn khi dirng pilro.ng pluip trda rich t,ing narri
- v6i( hinh 29).

ti6
 J i0a

€l lr'-r

;l
l l0

! al.
_r rl i5 irii

I llJrli 2!). j)6ng hlrc irir.l tich bo)'it Lt;c Ufrn fhLr thuic \io n|iet dQ ( ,p nrar )

i .il(l!a f iilIr l 2 16Lrial ( 1-ir( ) l. :10"C ( I Lxt )

,1. :ljrcl ( l'irt ) -i. I Iirc i l0rr ) 6. to5"c ( l6nr )

!i Ilonr:aiv n!r ai lir rsiriarr ciLu hir licir b;\i1 o'nhiar dd lrin Sitlrc \r ip s|let de|:]0.rr
r|.,IS r,1,jcir hi]rh 6r)!t rlii ll rf. tirh 1L'rir cho quar tJillI llair tLrc.

( rr thi nshi€nr chiLir! io rinS rrorrg nhrrrrg cliiLr ki'l lri) Alroi hda ran Iil nhr rlr, \ a lLrLrc tlru

r!o rlrin:r Llirh cao hon linh lcr;0 a'o la, \'6i1hii gixn 2 pirirt nri huyao phir luu lainort3 otoch 1 hu5en

pira (hn. riro \.ao \di \arrtat I:l'lr[),qu'it, fhtr' ]u rusr e:LihLr [11 Littrr' dododungdlch
| .r i i. i ,, "r,r". I lr r, r, i . \r'rr 'l h 'r"

iii r llic Urarrd!6itipsuitl00xL(j15('C)sau5phirts'do-tdo!thucihuAlrol

rich bn'ir
thco Lilh lrrin srrL I irhiri thl ilrlrc t|'L Al?O. thip hort I 2 9'" 11u;in phir dLLqc durr rrolg <]i:n l15rC
r,orlg l:i luing\airi,rri.irriali61rkatIiOrlhrnrh2CaOTjO:N6n::d6,NrLrO.rro|gfhamvi
piriLr.

I1i 3ir g'l khan:r xfh htran:I (1; th\ro lhu .^lror nhLln!, vini 100 p'i Na:O. r'i i( hon thi thlrc thu
giinr9r:r,rnng87%.t\licdilqull,jrrhnhanh\Jtl trcrh!.a^ rienrix\ nlnFtllrc ihiCu avviecdua
niiir ri!, Lri'r bn);it ii gLri c|o ri,r chLra rlLr,-1c chip nhen Nhiil dO cing cao thi s it horg ut')cLa
'p
ciurg cing cao. Cii h(li olo.1.r ching flrrllrg phii bin hon, n! cdn phtii chuiiric dong in rndr mqnh horr
cLla kii;r r"'rig lllrr'rng rliiu kiin nir. l(lti hda tich lia{ t\rc, \'iec cung cap huyen phir dudi dp suet cao

.lllc bi(r irIfc tip

ll:ri,r:,1!r c11., ring iurg nlriit dQ hoa tatch li0 cao hdD nhi€t d0 n1a il d') nrir d6 c6 1lr€ dat
')
airLic hiiLr :rarl \di ti s6 rostic dLrng dich alunrinxt ldr'drrg I 5 ld kh6ng c6
llrr l'ai .\lral. t|.o tirrh 1oen,

l,-,j. I h.o a\rg Lhl d6 haa li(h ciic lolri b6rii disapo kl)i, phiin hiv nhii, nhi6t dO rli') li 2 10r'l v6i 100

l5C griil.rlf)" .

87
 vin di dnog rip suit cao( khoing 100 a! !i cao hon )da hda tlch bi)xii trong o1i)jlr c6n chLra

xrc dinh.

Ti s6 costic cix dung Clch slunlinxl or,

t6ch,D6 ri d!r, chirng La h:y xem xdt sir 1hx) .16i Di'.tg sLlit
eL'ra otocla khi nhin duqc dung diclr aluminat c6 c, kiic n[au, lxo khi h6a tiih.irlrg r,,,]L lo.ri l)6xil
bdng cnng mQt dung dich hran hoin.

CrJ l,irr r^i .h'rclrllr A.r'll, ,. l, tr L;-hJ lad.t.. J r. Jrl. u ld

, nh-u. ,rong rr o

cdn trong truirng hQp tht hai o" =1 6. Cho ring dung dlch nrin hodLn chua n g/l Na:O. \'i li s5 costic
cia durg dich luin hodn ld u' . N6Lr th,)i gian hoa t6cl, klro rg ,l"i. r rr nlnJ surr !i, I !t,,cLx clng cao khi
cirn!nl i.', \1. r.rrannrbo'i.o l.\:r'Oc,r,r(r'rnc. r.1 l, r.r.

Vl trorg dung dich tuir) hoa'r c6 chira m6t lu.. .c AlrU. n.io alo. cho n;n k|rnrg |hii toan b6

krirr,." r. h,r .,i.rr-orte.rrr-r',. \ U r;bo(.r .t.. l, ,r.,1 ph,.m.1,r..,, 1r.,rl.o '

tinh clra n6. Fhin kiim costic cdn lai, kh6ng tham gia \'do viic hd3 tech alumin rir l, 'r' r kiJm tftr1

luong o'uorlg lioh tI s6 hdm luong Al:O: lrong dung dich hrdn hodn viri ti s6 coslic.ara drng dich

alu'_in l a,r .r.i 'ror'ichbox.. ol.\ru.0cillle\i: Jir'l I r.l..r,ll 'r. "rJ.)

Narotro:n.(1" /cr, g/l

L$ong liiem t(r lrong dung dich turin hoaLn ti le druan v{ii tr sa ooilic ciri dung diclr ultrllirit ( silu khi
h.:rri. /\, rrlen;hichr,'i ti r': tr.d,rngdiclr nrinl' r,

Him lLrorrg kiirn costic ho?t tioh a Loc:ric dinh bing I 1Lr s., gLii,r lu.,ng kiirn u':tic lrong rrQt lil
dUng nl.ll | .1" lr '.n !OI pnan ll(lll llO Crll llo :

Na2olj-n n.4., /n, =n 9!lg (V 6)

clt

Hieu qLril tuin hoin Hq tuc la hrtrng Al,Oi thu hdi duoc cJo phir kiim costic hoit tinh. , r Lh.
' rc d!n1r

tt ti ld s:ru day:

Al:O: no.Na:O

Hq - n
glgq

o' o".r.6,15= 1
Hq=n. 1 ---Lyr.t.e+: g/r1v-r.)
d,_do d" d,
88
 \oL LL'nJ dO NarO' tfong
Cor! tirir.:I:,\ cho thir-l rirr3. hilu '1 Ld r' r l' ''1) ri l1 ihu'L'r n:lilth
dLirrll diclr lLrAn hoin \ii irhlt thLr!.'c \an oL vi tf
inh hLrrirrg rc rel flrit d6n hi6u qui ruin hril Lr u' '
bo.i !i !h.) d(ii c, se larm cho lLi s6 vi rrliu sri
trong phrin s6 niri trSn lhay d6i dreo h||org n-q(roc n|au
!1|in hoift ting 16 rgt Khi h'a tic| trong otocla'
Do d6 chi ciur gi:rnr nrirr it cr" cing t:irn cho ltiilr clLri
dang bing crich ltng nhiil d0
!ia. giilrL r, lih;rrg .tlrlr |rLon! diu lhlrc lbtr A[Or r't c6 tha dot du']e dE

u,.,..,.,.."1=1'6 \i (t"- l'3.vio c6lg lhirc chLl|g

cuo
NiLl thal'c.rc ri si.l co"tic cua clulrg dlch al[lninal
ch! hi€u qrri 1L!1-n Ltoin
hjiu qra (irirr hcin Ln s€ dLroc cic s'r li'Lr saLr di), dic trung

Iloi r ui dLr:r3 C;clr ri ri" -1 rr :

.,,'r,,iL' t r. t., = x:0i3.1, .] r. r+: = rl.t rr

Klri giirn i :rl coslir cLrl durrg clich tiL I 3'i ning slrit cr'ra otocl:r ting l€n
')
cac c6rg do?n
Cilnr.hirr! nhiinir t'rng n:-rng s|ir 'rr 'tu!l'r rrl'1 'orr trLrt ntn3 sL iL crra
,1,
phi lao dQngvA klriLr ltro 0cac
klrlir: lLL.;rg rirrg.r giirrr sLr;i riau l;n h'ri' gitun chi phi giirrr chi
\LLonq c!t l)hip . ,itrrrS dich t!lLrmirral o"=l '11

ili h n' r I l^liLr

rnirt d(i l)hin h'rx dulg !jich tLirnirrrt tluriL rlin|' co rnrh '
S,r rha\ (iiil Lr.

.arrrr lluc Vi lriiu tlLra tui lrt,in rroi lr'n te thi!

thx] d'i o' '" ai'ng:i;i t-iti'
1 .ri 1!ir l.)rr. i'i
iarr
''. ring rlt l i Ii'L qui tLrrirr hoin ciing t: !l'
.,, t.i,, ,,"1.,, "; ir .r rg li tlll) alili cLrrg hrrnfs. l LLr rrhi6Lr,

c:c si liau sru Ja). 'fitrg tri ia, u, mir dri luong fc(phLlor)s lfilrh V i) ld
diirr Crt c,t thi ririry iiLr.,rc riL

/ :,
I cl q q-'1 ,' .

L.(in horr 1ei I cilr 1bl5

plNarO' riu c6 Lhi giirr rr din l6

r\hlr \i) \,lj circ tlri Lrirr 6r dlrrh u, -l.S ' ", 'l'8' n=100

cirr ot{rcla lilng thern 2l% NlLt r I li Lrl d"

rlra ltrorg irh huong din '\lror ' thi n:rrrs:ril
thrLc tbLL

rrin:l suit ctra oi,)cla rril mi virr giii u, 'l'6 tili fjrii
ting o lir l'8 i'n 5'2
rang

89
 Ilinh:l0choibirrhilichtutuongdrl'rrt arrg,)!,.r dLrr,_d!tL .rt I rrr r.inll cang nh:rih.
n6u sau lhi hda rich o" cia chirng cdng I6n hor, hry. n6i c6ch Urlc
cirg rliiu kiirn drr Nlruls niu
giim n" md vin qii kh6ng d6i hrin luong NarO , nghia ld ting ndng dn AIrOr (C)
. rhi si giam t.rc ri6
hda tan, di6u d6 c6 the rarr fa tt phuoig trinh ( V 1).

:.

i.r 1,5
;s
i.

Ilinh30 sF ihay dili sLrAtddngdungdichph\rrhlr6cvio(l.ciradlng(rich,iLr,',i,'itrsaukhrhi:rtri.h

De giir nguven rhuc rhu Arror lLfong iing v6i thai gian hda ticrl (r:i crro. rrrung \.,)L u, bc r)or.
rhi phei iha! d6i di€u kion v6 plria thay d€,i vi phia day manh t6c d(l trdx Nich.

r_-ic rhi nqhi€m chilng nrinh rangg!j.{l{,1!9-!t_]_9ld?!Llq4d .

baxit Bic Urun, rgay cd khi o.. giia+ rr, r.U xLrljlle-l=c
Jlnh huciE.n -*.janr
hoa lich b!giem d6t ngol . ngay rrli cri khi bri:;it d;sepo dLroc the hier ra rit khi so sl1olr ctrc gllln d0
tftii vd phdi cira hirir I l
---'-

, ' ,-"*
olocla Song nhu ve) d6 ben viing cira c:c drngdi4i-C.sirat khi pha lo:i|s hLrl.in phir sl l:r]l 16 rCi
De khoi mAt alunlinrt hop ndy phii c6 g?in !tr ur cin da lliit nh:rnh.
Vi du, niiu sau khi ha,a tarch, pha ]oing hulin phn d6n 120 g/j,{lror, ri,i t1.,:1.6 \.i Lte[,
kiudl trOn trong l2h d 60 750 s€ lim cho hon ioin b6 ntoan2orit kdl tlra iir dung dich. \hLng n€u
kh6rg pha loeng huydn phn thi dn c6 llluil, l6n teu horr nara cnng kh6ng thi]. dung dich ptran ha)i

Volfvd Robezcn di d6n ket iuiin li : khi hi,i rech, d6 duoc dung. dich ;rlunirar c6 .1, r:in ,/phii
c6 thi6! bi cho phdp rich cin dd mi kh6ng cin pha lodng hr:ydn phir, hoic phe toing ir nh.t, r,i dLr nhr
n16y loc ly ram, loc \,di ho6c clic rhi6r bi kh6c rhaLr.

90
 I I rhian n di\ ri. lrin lJr6llg di ci1, dln :no.lLrrr silic cirr dung dic]r. D6 thu duoc |idr!,\il
...1 : .i l..trr .,,. ,i r"r1 l,.. u I0.rrrrl|'n I||. ll'.
... 11. r. .l. .1.L\i .i |:, :..p\r 'LJLr. r.r'. rE\hi tlrr|... r"r
|1,i1 riai) hilrh qLLi lfinh khLi siIc {lung dich

llrco cic si' liiu cia ilcrrnstef, cri rhl cl:ur blo rii bi'n "nrrg cin thiit cLla dung dicir,rLrrorirr.rt
. l, l,.rr;.' r. r. i. r,.ln- llr... r. r.,1r' r I'rr' ..\'.1.
'.i 1.. . ,r. lr'r.rricr' rb'. r'-...' cl'o '
'.
r, ..r -r '. t,.li ll,r :.rJlr I Ulflr :. .r. , .'.:n 1..."1 ,r b: :r" r' I

1,.r'' , : ..r. .i . . r' ,.: ir'.i'.' -... :.r. 1,. l' nJ: I

tha,xgrhi iiI 1.9.

Khi h,ir r,ich biirir Ja clr,,r (i s,l.ostic tii rru cLrL rlLLDg dich irlLrrin;rt, cin phrli biat truarc trisd u"
'l : '
l-L:orgkiim (fo 1ro:rt: drlrq dich tLL.;.n horir 1i li.r LfiLrir voi ti vi costic cr'ra dLrng dich (srLL khi riclr

'. . rr r.t I .rr,d r' r r'r. . ,.

tliri lLrong \iinr r:r,.r c lxri,l linh drLqc xic di,,h bi|!r hiefl s6 !,i.r ]L,qrg kialll costic t,ong )nit lil
lr'Ll r(.:,. ,. rl..l{l: 1....r..

.1'n-1;1 . - r-\
odl
=,,.!t !"' (v 6)

l l;af ltrri rLrrn IouL i:. lil lLrongAlrO, thLr |ai ij rir! d. phirn tiim cosric hoar tiih,.o tha xii.
'l
ilirh lir ir iri frrL Jri':

.\l.ar: ir,lir,rr.

,'',=.[; I,aj-lig,/1 (v-7)

;),

ao!rl:!irricnil.c|oLiruyringhi6uqLraiu:hhorlrti lctiruiirtoi nong d6 Na:O. kong dtlnq dich tLl

':Li)hrtir lc r:.ou.,ri rr r\nl hu,)irg ra rir I rr rlLiiu qLLr irjrlrorr, I.L u- hri \illrd) daiu"sa
li n c|o tLr s.i ri'r rri,r .n Lrofg phrln:ri nii Lr riL , . . rlLco lLrronr ri!r'n.'rhru Do d6 chi cin gi:inr
nri,l it ,i... ranl L;ir lir r cho h,,u qui iuin irrirr rifg fn rei. lihi hda 1i.h trong o1ocl.. \'iec siririr o.
IJ,ir: inh l Na rJ riirr rlrLL! llriL.\l:O. ri c.i l r t!l r-.,i4\l.rle L.J|r:..r.1 tJ1!rl rlt cl(].

Nau thr\ cic 1i s6 .ostic chi] dung aich elunirul (r. .. 1,6 va (L= 1.3 \'do cdog thfc chrug
hiau qua luil hi,in lil si (11I.'c i o liiu , J,.. ,l ' | -g.h lrii,, qr. r ir lro.'

D,ii r,ii tir,rl: r i:lt . Ll rt 1,6:

9l
 '-'-l.oa5-.gn -R- Lo u,
r/" ,,d -1 ,

.t,e. -1.8. L 6

D;i voidung diclr c6 cr" - i,ti:

8 r.r+; ,
H" . nd u.l.tas ;o', j.8.1.6
-{-_l
o,,',
Khi gi:jm ti s6 costic cia dLrng dich tii 1,8 ruong 1.6 nADg su:it cur olDcla tifg l:n Ii:

/?* -'.l.o.li (1,8 l.6ll

(d, d.).a..
! loo E.r
,, =H; = .100 = - (3, s co = r:. ,1.;

(o, o ,).G l.s).1.6

"
dd.

Ci!!rn rr" ching nhnng ring n:rng suil cia otolltr, n1i cdn ting natng sLLrir rLLrr ci: cnng rloln llL.'rc;

tuo',g ung sE giim suit ti€u t6l hoi. giinr chi phi lao d6ng rri khlLr hao O cic.':ut;ng cLra P|ip. dung

dich alunirat c6 .l. - 1,47.

SFthayd6iqdo mrio dO phen h6a cltrng cliclr aln'rlinel qLry6t.1inh c6:inh hu'.r'nt ri hon d'r llitr
qui hrin hoill. l rl c6ng thr'rc vd hialr qrra tuin horii nr]i tren. tr thiy 1hr] dii 1r ri' rl,i'rrg tl:r)i l::nr rhal

d6i ti' sii lin rnSu s6 c,h ph6n s6, nhLrng 1:\ thay i16i cr\ng hui;ng TLry nhi;n. tr"inrr q thi hioLr \ltrll
"t
r in hoan cnng tirg. diiu t16 cri r|i thiy dr,"-c rir cJ. co Le! s ,Lr J 1) | :,1. trr :u .J rrrar drr; luong 1(,
(phuong trinh V-7) ta dugc:

'l
'*
-f\,ct., ar +
1,.
Ldt )
,,r*, LLrt In, u
i;.;1,,'*'
Nhu vay. v{ti cltc chiri6u 6n dinh u, = 1,E; tr, - i.8; n = 3009,1Nr:1).. nirr !(i 1Li gilrrl (. darr 1.6

mn kh6ng Inn nnh hr(rng d6n thLlc thr Alzor thi nins stri! cLls otocle ting thlm :rl9i' NhrLrgit,ditl
duqc r1Q tang nnng suir cna 6t6cla niy n1i vin gial cq = 1,3 thl phai larng r,lir l,il lir i.l

]linh l0 cho ihi)' tll{j lich tuorg drii (tinh bing 91) cie dLrng tljch alumir:rr iing.iinj lrltrnh,
'r€tr
:rr kii ^.r
r-. h 1. i ra \r;,.1'r'. r. 'r,- ji.,,
c\LnF ..,ng lorr. hcy rroi .a,lr Utrc.cr..cLlr -,r
n?i van giif kh6rg.l6i him luong NalO. c6 nglrr-a Ii ting ning d6 '\lro, (C) thi sa 1l I r.' il hi I

tan. diiu d6 c6 the rt ra tir phuong lrinh (V 1).

Dd gift rguy€n thuc thu Alzor tllong ing v6ilhdi giai hda tilch da' cho, nhLlig vii i.. ba hon ihi
phii rh,,\ d6i cic diiu kiin rd p '.' diy roc '16 hor '"cl'. n.r qu-n rrur P r, .r I , tl rl l'i Ir ii riv l ,

92
 (l:r. tlri ,rir|r.:nrchLlr:rirtLnhrin.rLing liiiijii!igrjiirL:l{)'Cls' ldir tirng iirc d,l l:Ja ticli boxit
9:,. | - , Li r'1. '.. d kidn du kl,i rang nhial d0 h6,t
.t h .. ,, . r' ", . r,,'. . r; o,.r J,b . ,.'. l,i I'i.r' ro rat khi so sinli cic gidn dij tr6i
r ri plrii c.i.r irirrh 3l .

Vi rir\ Ll,i lim ,iic r'6i c,lc dLrnt: rlich ahrlnjn.rl .i) lj s6 costic thap thi phai l'Ins Irhiet d6 trong
arloh. Sn:r! f lrr v..i} tlQ birr lillrg cira calc dLrrl JitlL :lL rrr r''L I h nhrloan3lru\inprirse
giarll rO ret

Ua khari irrr nriLt alLrrin. lfoDg truorrg r,rp lrr'r,u- phai c6 ging tich 1i rira cir d61fiirl nhanh

\i Ll r. ,riLr :atL thi hda tich pha loang hul€n phn dJrr 1209? Al;O3 v6i o. = l 0 ra denr Urue'"-

lrajr 1Li-rrg i:]r (r 60 iorC !a li cho Lon l0l/0 torin ba nhO|n orit k6t tlra tir dung d1.h. \htrrrg nerr

kl,tng n|rr L,,tLrrg |r1tn pht t|j lir co khLl;) irdn liu hon nira cing kh6ng nhiu thi\ du|g dich phan

\',rlf rr.r ltr,;tn1;c rlr clir l'ai lrrALr li: klri ltir tLirir dr: Llur.c dLrrg diclr alurrrinat ci u, thrip call thill
cLl rlr ir rL ,:Io i)h.l) lii!tr c:nr r:rir i'lrrnrg ciI pha 1oi0g . : Ir. loicll. r, \r'r c:-

IL \, triall o di).ci rarc da r6drn siljc clra dunS d ich, Di rlru rluoc nh6ttr
ljii f:hnng di cep din liLr
hltlrc'riL c rit tLr.rrg 161. lj :n silic crr.r tlurrg <ilch lliiirril khamg dLftlc thip hor:00 :10. Ina irolrg
hLrlrLr p[ir khiLrgphrloingsil]ilri hoa ticir boxiL di3.fo d s6ni\ chi rilp xi l0i] Chirrhrro
gkhi
phu lo:lg irrl rl, pirn tiir hirll, quir r rirI kLri silic cna drrng dich

Thc,r ,:rir s,-r llfu cLra LtcLcIstcn. c,l th6 dLLm bio dn bi| vrrng ciI thi6t cLia cua dunir !lictr aluminrl

rrg:rt c:r \(li l)l,r.,ng ph,tr laclr tin r,, dunlidicb bing hi th6rtg ling gan hiqn Linh trrn: 'fi rudr' Di

l,rr L|LL,,,: iiiLr rri,r. Lirc gii khLrlirr rrln tiin hinh hir l:ich bar\it iLi n:\o d' choli s6 c'rsllc cao hor ti

sn crnr L',, r 1). i j ' il.l

ilu]';rr |htr sxrrkhi hi):r tic| 'jo t. = l.5 cin duac pht loin! biLrl n rou rr'i 'o
clrr rhr,i:r JrLll;: J;r'h ,::hi rlti rirr,l Li :,r c6slit ir rrr! ' , r! ,Liclr ' r.'\ r] irI IhiLt br ir I lLnr Lii1r l 5 cirrr
irorg lrL' I r., rg rr( tiri din 1.!.

K ilj,,rrl\Ljo\it,decholrsrlr6:riet6irLLrcLratiirrr3dichllLLurirat,cinPirij bi'11ru'iciri s6(lrii

h.rn. f ,,L ;r i,r r!:p l,,rr rhi klri)fg (|i 1|u hai di) dLl 1{1.

llrr. li thrL)al. ti ni c6stir llij han li 1i si ciia ci. (lLrr! dicrr .ir hing ,: i) trors nhn ng diau kiQn
hoa r,i,]r r:rir rlinh ri nong iln Nr,O- r'i nhiai dO. Tt\'1g lruong hlrp ndr', n0ng d0 A1:Or tfong dung
,dich ( rltIl1 ra)nS.ii cLrr dui| rlrch irii,r hia (
'r 011Ir] 'irg t|r ir \r-l) \ i tdc dO hia Lan si bing khdng.

'IL roi IrnLron!rrl ilNg (liau ki€rr hdr,tich.la cho (dhiit d0 \a' rrdig di) NarO. ) cd th€ xllc
"ir.:'.
dinIrLr!ir:,{lnr,r'rgthiicrirrbingNarO /l:a)r l{:o

sL'|g !r.tLL ria na1 drrlrc r!iit 1rt1_. ruit phlr li],dflrir Ii natri hydro\it sqlch lni tfong dung
1ir nh,:, r

clich trrir roir ci,rg rs:ltiep. rliLr-s da lrich b6\it, thi iuiir l)'6n chira c'c cb6t qp: s6da ciic chit h&u co,
93
 silicoxil\.v... h,x rira phin 16rr clc ilrrong rling nhiit.lLLgc riv {tung rho Ir\dfu:iiir rj.rihurrr!rhi
lai phli haa lich bilxit diaspo. Hian nay d6i voi diaspo chi noj bidr c,i l,ri du;ng J:,r! rhilr (:00 u
22oaC).

\,Iazel dua ra phuong phnp s.ru day dd x,. dinh q qu lujri! tron,, , rr g Ll rtL L, , i,x t:rri liirh bLxi!
trone cic ola)la tlri nghiem. Boxit hira rich i nhi€t dd gi6ng nlu rro'g .r,ur xuir. nhLrJr.l \'iri rlriri gian dri
de dung dich baio hda alumin. Liiu luolg clung dich tuin honn thaf doi tn thir.r dirr rhicrr. .,, r ui lLrLrng

cir thi€r da thr hai troin roin ?\i:Or. Sru m6i thi n-chiem, pha. lich rta xic dirrh ti sti co:rr,] L'rr rrung
dich vi thLrc dnr,{lroi vi xa} dung duong phu rhu6c gilil c:ic dai luong ni:/ \di rh;lirtr JLrn! dich
tudn hodlr, tinh tr€n nl6t alon vi lroug lumg boxit.

(ld hai dudrrg nir (hinh 32) d€u g6nr c6 hai nhhnh. Nrri rnri rLllriljr cia dira)n,r cjc 1t:,:,a
costic di
len.lrorgtng\fi liiu Inl r hrLr.rLlLr,,rgrl urri)Lr AirOr song
luong cao cira dung clich tusn irunn tl
song vol huc holnh, bdi vl thira kiari costic lrong lit ci clc trLrr)rrg hirp, diu co lli,l.Lr,ttn tlLre rhLr

honn tonr (lheo tinh loid Alror vrio dung dich Dorn ninr rglng crtl ducjng cif tr si ,ostle rurrng

tng v('ti trLrar)g hop thi6u kiin vi v6l rluirng thuc thu .,\troj lir diu tluc toa (16 lang .htnn. srLr d6
nhanh dlin. Vi w s6 costic cuo drng dich alLrninat ki6rrg th6 rhip hrar tri s6 cin bnrrg. rho ni]] .rn (lLrng
dich tu^n ho)n c6 thi€u d6n mirc n.lo di ni'a thi f. s6 cosri; r.in giar l.h..,ng (iai !:i tii,Lc it)u .,\tro, sa
cing thip. khi lLong dung clich tLrriu ho:\n cdng it. Cic e,iao rTiin cr]r crtc nhi|h trin cLu lnr cturlng
bi€u di6n sc tLrcrrg inrg vdi liiLr lLrLrrrg dung dich tuin hoin .in rhiir di il.rgc rlLrnq iliL:Ir elLL:ri,'at c6 ri
s6 costiu cin bing vri LirLrc thu hoin toan (theo lirh toin) AlrO.

I L.l __

il ir oL
-
il ru ''./
rl
Lrotg (lt!i1g cii.i1 lin hritt

t linh 12, Dulrng dic trlmg h6a tiich irrxir

Don giin h.,', c6 th6 xic dirh tr; s6 d. Dtn lir' dur tr€n kil quri m.lt hri t}r irla rrirtr.i,,\it r di
lLring kiiur trong dung dich ruin hoin r0 fnlrg li chra dLt da da! dan rhLrc thu hoin toir) r\ i.i ),.

O xi nghiap ltr.n g dung dich ruin hodn dLroc tirrh lorin de duog d'ch llLlnri .rl lr khai .1,)l:r ci) o"
raoh,n,.,, b:r." Diiund\ t;L.in tj;i,. -ror,:r ,trrJc hl.r.r \:i;.1r..:..,, .r ,t j,,.t.
ddm bdo dir bin vurg cia aluminar sau khi pha loang hul.in ph .

Src6 mit cna v6i vi cic chit khic

9,1
 :illl iroo;rg cria t,n: tro p rlart kim lo{i }riirrr t]ri vi magio

(lho than \'6i khi lLirr tic| boljit. diasf. \.i di:ripo - bomit lrdig al6cl3 ldrn cho nh6nr lrldro\ir
,.,- nr) uuo! !ri! nllrl nghian cuu Xd Vi6t Nfar)oev, Xulina vi l-orcf x,rc
flp l,lu ir,lii:u ni'r, l!.11. can trroc 116 blrxir dr.rito dugc coi 1A kh6ng thich hop cho qui trinh llayer
l.1l f)LLni ,ll,dirr r:r c,l!':4, liru va rirh huing.Lha vdi Jdn thuc thu;rilmilr khi hda trch bo:.it Nam -
iiriin lfon!: ct6cirl

Cho t|rm a uo. ',; kh.ing cri l}O I

l LLrc ilir. l'. -i i.3 6.1.1

Iling l6 Llirr rrr nhLug sii liiu v6 anh hudng cLr:r r,ii d6n thuc rhrr rlurrin tiL borit Bic t-rran.

i;r rg l0: ,irh ln|tr ru rur \ ai ,lar tl, uc tl, u ,\l:t)r Llii hdr t,ich iltich b6rit bomit - di:rspo.

Iirr r
riir,- lJclI.,'** lr,..f
rC Alror. CaO !h.o trOllg
irda rich,
luong bar\it.-'l.

4t L.i Khorg co

121.1

'1::.1

1:2.i 65.-<

,lt'1.1

Anh hrron!: cfa r';i thi, hieu cing ro khi l,r,;r trlch Lroxit diaspo kho phiin hny cira Runani. Kh6ng
cho riri chi thu drlr'c 1l)ro nhnng n6u cho thail,ll.,a v6i rhi c6 a lhu ha'i rt6n 91% AlrO.

K,.t]g rit,r: \"1!r!l!:1*)rs::p*lo,.3.:;l l:,) llrs c+€llrrbu-!!tq L,rr ,ic,,

lrnx LicJr Lo:.it di:rsfo. \'i khi nung ui, ui,, ,t'.,-v,i,'"n a:,n a,. .r,.t,", rT suc(tr hoic FeCOi
't,
irLrng bo\it lhri! |rll-lTo thinh cic hvdroryt trro0g L'rng. nen ngriiri tachov6i vaoithon.LLro r \,ari

rit. tlrinr !,;i uu thrLi)r! li I .1% so \(ii lu, | . !\ Ji tr . I r! Lh!, n!:lri;m vi n6 phu rhu6c
i du.c
^;L
JlrU tha i \ru rLlri.LL r5rLlcn uh.in. ilqng ri rhinh phin boxit. cec char taf irong boxir. cric di€r kien
h{rr tiii)h...

95
fl
 Co tha det ceu hoi: vi sao riri nhfrng dii, Iitf lL
'
L rnlli trun-i;l .1, I' r gir 1r nhe|l. khar]g .ho

v6i tyili li boril Bic Urarr thuc thu Al:O. drt gln h00, con irr bL'\Lt l{Lr .n hru nhu hoirl llarl
kh6ng chfa cacbonat cac clit kianl th6. Didu nl?r)' duoc xa'c nlarl vi k|i 1,.\r triclL boxit B;. Lll n rn.,

rrudc d6 da hda tan cacbor,rt trong a:(it clohylric loil g vd rta cic cloful. thl thlrc rhLr Alror gialm d6t

ng6t. Cho th€m :l% v6i b6xi! de dlrgc lAm sfch ni) sa lirm cho thuc tiru AIrCl. iins tro lai (b:ing 1t)

Bnng I7: .A.nh hlr&tlg cir.r CaCO3 tt6n thrl: thu Alr(\ tii cic bo\it lJric nhrtu di ,rrtt \U l,\ 1,i,,!
axii clohvdric

lhuc thu Alror. %

]'hrc iho lirrh
C6 them CaO (du6i dtng (}CO;), % trQng lu( g b(^ir
torfu. ')i
2.5 LrJ

l,'-,5 13,6 52,:i 63.1 6 E,? t3.: 9t,0

2',\,l 38.i 5),2 68.2 't1,6 ti2..1

16,9 61.6 19.) 85.1 c!r..1

2 S,:l 19.1 'l).2 80.7 36.6 ,i.6

lt,4 46.9 63.4 i 6,2 82,1 E9.1 95,1

42.5 59.1 ?1,5 16.7 8:.1 3:1.7

it.iJ 4i.4 58,9 ,12,6 7 8.1 8t..1

Cic miu hda lrich o l05rc rlolg 3/r bing dL rg diclr chta 10011/,\1,o,. 251)1s1N:r1O. r'ri 1;.17

Na2O.".b v6itinh toiin .li du9-c durg dich aluminat co d. = 1.8.

E6i voi mot s6 boxir kho phen hiy thi cho th€m v6i h€n 3% se IiDr r:irg thLrc drLr ,{lra)r ibi')g l8l
nbwrg nau thira v6i thl sa iro thinh canxi h),dfoalunrinct kl6ng h6:r l:n, dn d6 lin ltiiln ihuc thu
Al:or.

Trong cac dung dcih alumina! thdng thud.g klri cho v6i thi can\i hldroa[]ininat duoc LLo rh:\nh

nhiit d6 khoeng d6n I i00C f.in nfra n6 so phiin hLh\':

1enO.A!-O.l,tl o | ) laOH a))\attn tH.0+3cdtUil l

 \gu..i,, rrir:rr anl: liL,(j!:: ,r,:r rrriai dd JJr ehilLr ;$an
( :ti( )J l)r qi.rn, ihrri, klri tairg rrhiat d6 \,i n6ng dn Naa)j I

B.in-! 18

A'rh hrai!; cia \ii thi;a rjtn hda tich b.xit lil,j phi|l h ir,,-

I t'i'r".' . .'l,o.
l-
klri hira
Thuc
lilri ,rlr'r i r:ir r ii 1r'" 1f{frg LLr.rlt I'orir
laclr
thu tifh
b,lit l';,f!1
tor . Yc
batng

nillri

-fir r
I
i0 r -i
0 . 6!1.,i ]],0

6i.l .L ii.1 | rJ6.l 85.I '1.5 9il.I ,1, i

70.:.
613 l-1,: 71.(t s:., il2.i 5.6 3 3.5 90.1
tt3
69.0 ll ,-.7,ii iii.l ln).1 5,1 8 r.t) ii9..t

i 1..) i;'.1 1,3.'l 7:1.0 18,1 s5.0 89.5

l

l.l 70,1 6E.1 2.9 16,1 95.0

71..)

-1 ril',
,-''/)l .,
'ln .irrl:it lliL, li rau chr thanr rhiiu r'6i ttri calri hydroaluninat cluo. I,i,ll J*"u r.rlong pr,ei
ro. - l. , ,. i. ;l ,, r r i ,r..rr pl, .

fir ,r:)L ,i!: r; Ii6u rrin bing tS iit rir .i c,ic birit kh6 ltran
Lhri]. chi rrn rniu cLrOi cirng, cdn <t6i voi
irLl) kili!, llrl Liic dLrn!: jr!rt hi)r !irl \6i dflr'r,rc rr, \ U, t!,r ho ihii ;n \" rro lIintl crnrri
rlLrnrin!r l.,lra)Nr rri!lr'nghop cl,rit nilca)it i't,, L, titi,,r.,,h:irc"nn.tr, idunsCichnittri

9"]
 Drrrri rli) Jirr re cic .o lit:tt v.l iinh hudng cira clc hop chit canli l:hric tthlLr din lrt'r:t lich b6xit
diaspo o 205'C trong 3l:
'l hgc tllr
I lo-p chit Thuc thLr I lq? chit

Canxi Al2oj, % Canxi ,,\lror. ;n,'u

Khdng co 3,6 CaO.Al:O:.61IrO I8,7

CaO 8 7,,1 CaFl s-1,6

CaCO: 85,6 CaSOI 82,3

85,6 CaTiOr .1,8

CaCl2

CaO.Al:Or 89,3

Cal(POo)1 8 3.i CaSiO. 3 0.3

l huc lhrr tinh toen d6i vtii birxit rrilr lii 93,8% Al2Ol

Cric .o liirr rin1. tru per, 1,l:it (C rl i( )r). li,l ..r ' lL 1"1,.lr:it ;rttri
rlrLrc nghiern rrar crlrrg ch(rng t,-r

cdn lai rliu co thc dung ting manh thuc thu Al2O3. NgLry€n nhin rd r.irtg li tlrittri.l.rt t.1,, rl trr(OH)]
trong dung dich ki€m. Song chirng c6 rh6 inh hrrdrig khiic nhaLr d6n t6c clir hda ticlr birxit. boi vi t6c d0
tuong tltc cira chirng vdi drurg clich ki€rrr - aluminat kh6rrg giirrrg nhlu (l).rnr lrrl

Rring l9: Tric tt6 tuong tic girr:r r':ic hop chit c:tnri lilr:'rt 1111r1; t,ii dutrl: rlic!r I'itr;t :rltrttlitr;lt Ir'

205^C.

flop chat canxi ban diu Sarr phinr pltdn fng

2lt

CaO Ca(OI I)2 10() 100

CaCOr Ca(OI l):. Na:COr 7i 100

CaCl2 Ca(OH)r. NaCi 100 100

CaO.Al:O: Ca(0ll)r. NaAlOz 100 100

Car{PO.r):: Ca(Ol I):. l.la;POr {2 9.1

3 CaO.Al:Or.6HzO Ca(OI l)2. NaAlO, 10(i r00

98
 f-ai'1
- f---ci,1t r L t1,. x"t, 9l
I

CaSl) r
i ca(( )t I)r. Narsol il 56

Cla'i il rr cra(i)ll)2. Na'O. Al.();.. 2Si()'. 2l Ir() 100 100

Lla-l i(1, C rr l'i0r

116 r)n1r ehi c,i poiopkit 1Ca1 iO:) kh0ug lao ra Ca(OI I)r khi tuong tdc vrii clung dich ki6nl

alurriuitl r i J,r dri )rhirnll tillS thuc tlru Al2Ol hr\l titch bir:.it dirspo

TrrLrn:r tu rLji. nhiirr hcrn clril stronti vi bii cli tio thirnh ciic lio.p chit tuong [rnq vtii dugn dich
kii:ll. r','i hirr tich ir6; iL d:rr"iro lSrri srrnlit r'i beri cacboitlt cir do hria tan
cirirg ct" 1:rt iltrrli: doi

Llr91r riutrg l.i i ,,, :.iri1i tiiclr i:iirl. klt0ns l:r,l r:r llrfOll). rrL thuc tC kh6ng inh hLring clln ht)a t:ich
, ,.1 .ri,, 1 rlrrr, .

llarlg 2l)

Anl 5s.r,rrg cric clic luqrng clro thlrn tur,rig rlrlcr'rrg cira clic hgp chrit stlonti, bari r':) nragie tl6a
tlrrlc thrr ,{lrOr khi lxia tlich b6xit diaspo

'I
J hLrc thLr Al.O,. khi j hLLc thu ALO .,% khi
lLr,. , i,jI l.,i.
lrdr lacll
I I ]or', .hit t',tn hoa tiich
diu r i;ir r

llt
I

i th )lt I
I
3h
i
I
-t-
jt 7. 6t 8,r
SrC l,
6 ,

0n 1t, 85, 89,

SrCO..
) 9 6

!),1. 61, 82- 81,

SlSO,r
l 9 6

15, 87. 90,

Nig{ ) It.li ilaCl,
1 3 I

BaCO. il I 5.-1 ,"

,()

\ 1;:S cj o.I IlaSOr 1.8 ,1) 4.8

,

99
 Tdc dUng hoat hoa cLia c6c hop chlit ki€ur thO ting khi ngur'0n tt Irr,r'nq crla ciic cation cul cntrug
ting, tilc li canxi d€n bari; c6 ngia la tdng d(l hoa tan cira clc hvclrorir cLra chLrnq tlcrrrs rrLlrc: r'i t]u ii
50" C li! 0,092% CaO, 2,l lo/" SrO vd 10"5% IlaO.

Oxit \.e ciic hop chit klrrlc cur m:rgii it irrlr lrue,rrg rlin hoe trich borit diaspci (bins l9). nrric dir
e ic rnr',ii rVgt O,. MgCl,. MgSO,l d. rro ra Nlg(OIIr tr.,I: .l ! Jiclr Li.lrrr Lr,,i r i r|:r,,iL
hgp clrAt
IryrJroxit tltuc ta klrirtr'liUr trongttuuc(0.002'o,-r j0'C \i cing i1 11,,11 11,r.g.lrrr,;,Ji.lr ki,., t. llr(.., r.,.

s6 li6u cta phdng thi nghiCrn trung tam xi nghiep nh6nr Uran lho lhCrn tnaqic o\).t clnc |)rn rang rhLrc

thu AI2O3 tir boxit diaspo, nhung tic dung cira no y6u hon nhi€u so r.t,i carxi oxit.

Anh hu6rrg cria cic ho'p chit sit h6a tr.! h:ri

Svistunov vir SmirnoV lin diu ti€n xlc dirrh rang, khi h(ra tiich bo..:it cliaspo nlot vrii 1,r-,1r chit h6r
tli hai bang axit clolr),dric sd lim cho bdxit diaspo bi tro vi thuc rhu Al.()r qiiin.i nhuns clro tlLCrn rloL

vrii hop chit cira sit nriv s€ hoat ir6a qud tfinh hoe tdch vd thLrc thLr ;\1.O, sd chrcrc ting l€it. Nlacrrclrc.
orit ri rnrroi crll s.it lr,n tri hr Lhrri td klron'r.^ rrnlt lrrrolg:i.lerr tllr. tlr.r .r.i O. rlrrrrr,, '1, ,,.',,
{ lies ) cirng \ i) .

li:ing 21: Anh hur"rrrg ciia c:ic hop chit sit cho thonr t16n thr.rc thu Alz()r tr'r'boxit illtri phiu lrur,, tr'

2050C trong 3,ft

ThLtc thu Alror, % tily thLr{lc vdo Irrrrng cho th6rn

l.oai cho th€m Chir th ich

i"e(i l2 i] ,4 4<) ) 68,4 16,1 8(). ii

FeSC\ t5,1 4 8,6 61 .9 16,1

j tirrni, iric I rii

FcCO; i 9.4 51.2 70, 18.6
lr0nr dLlr,,, cliLrlr thi tao
FcS 4 1,3 5,1,6 7i. E 90.6 tlrirrh I:c(L)i t),

IrcS2 ].6 4,lJ 4.() 5,1 6.1 lih0ni: turinq triL: v(ri liiOnt
rong iJurtt cijclr
FelOa .r. ) J.:) 3.9 4.1

i\,/ari kiciir trt)rrg ciun!r cliilr si

FelO3 3,8 i6 3,8 4,t .1. o
tuo tlr:inh I e(Oll):.
IrcCI3 4,4 4.9 5,2

Fer(SOr): t,9 1,4 3,9

Chi c6 cric tap ch h6a tri 2 v6i kiem tao ttranh felOFl!-nrtri ct, tlc dung tat r'6i hi,r, tr'rch.'fic
dung hoat h6a cria chirng y6u htn so vrli CaO khoing 2 lin.

100
 inlr htr,u:g cil c:ic lrr.r'p r:hit hiru co'

I(inh rrghiCrn cho tlrit riing tirlrc thLr AlrO:, klri hia lhch borit dirsp,t Ixng cJe dttng die h ti,ng ho.p.

tlr.rlr 11.'11 5o rci Jrrrr;: .:r. Llrrrrr,Jiih.o;rg rr'l.ii1r [',i rii cic tlti rtglricrt rra kul qrri LJLr'.r rtitt trcn
brirrg 22. rlri sri clLlrg b6xit clilslro co thiuh plrin: :-1.5 AlrOr. lJolo Fe2O3, 6"'i, SiOr. 72%'liUl- 0.8y"
CaO vi 12.19% nrit khi nLing; dung die h tuir lr,,rrt clria khodng 255.grlNauO" vd Na2O",.1,.

i long cic thi nghi6rn 5 r'i 6. dung dich cong nghiep duo. c khLr Irrot ph,in cdc ch6t tap htu co bing
tl,.rrr lt.'.rt rin Ir.

I{d rins cic chit htiri co linr tang dOt ri!.)t thlfc thu Alzt)r khi hr)a t/rch boxit diaspo klr6ng clrrt
tltenr viri. Sru klti clrLr thfnr -] 9'o v6i so r(ri tlong luorrg bd:iit thi anh huLinq urt,r cac chit hutr Ltr rI rO rc^t
lro .

\: l\itr rl,itr r,l r Llr:, r,l'l'r rrlri.rr rLi llr'. ll.r..\1.{ }i llri lr''ir Ir.lr l\,\rl I'irrc bl durt3 ricl'J-.u
l : r , .
1
, , . gt l ,l i . ir t , r ! , Ill, t11ii'...'r'r r.it it ,,i.,r" rirLr c": tt, 1u ,lr1tg.li. It tl.rr lr ri Itr''rrr,.;j..lt,rt
l t

hiru co tanlt lin 7 lin il,' circ chit tap trong nh6rr hl dlo:r1't va lhtfc tlrLl A1.01 tdrrg l0n tr6ng thiy; thtrc
rllrr ( ljr: l,ir- lr. Ln. .rr JrIr:., ,lLrn: di.lr iuJr. lro:r'] c.'r);: rr5lri--1' c., cllLrir cir( elril lol' lrirrr ,o rthiirr
rhiit. DiCu uiy cLrng rlLr,'c klrins rlinh Lhi ruut .,.it c.ie so liirr khric cLra bing 22.

llrrrrg 22: ,\ rrir irrlrirg , ri:r cic t hrit lriru crt tr r,r,J rlrrrtg rljclr luin lroin din tlrue thu AlrOj klri horr

trich borit rliaspo trong J/r ii 2050C.

I-htLc thu Al:O1, %

Hinr lrLong circ chit hlLu
lltll 0 tctl
co tron!l dunc dich,9'o Kh6ng Co -l )1,

co CaO CaO

o lif:.r !rn LrlriLir lf,rng l(ien1 0.01 12,4 78,4

1- .-
o hori tun nh.lu, iictrloAvt tro'rg kiii il :s.s 8t,b

',1 ., 11,'11i," l,rr ..rr., rr,,rrr,, Ill i,r I t-rr_ 0.8 I l5.l 84.3

ing rrllrirlp cri clro tir6rn c:ic cllit lall ltLnr c() 1,02 tJi.6 8 4,9

inr nuhi€p dii llliir nrdt phin cic chrit huu co os, 56.3 84..1

l',' i'. 0.3 8 .l _. / 84.9

',

lid:r lurr nlronr lrong cltrng dicir kicin ei chiLa {i .l) 4 5,6 8'1,1

chit tap hirLr,:rr

rr traI 0,9 6 8t.6 RJO

101
 Clc tlri nghidrn tiip theo roi cirrg loai borit ni1 clrurtg to Urorrg plrii t:it.r r.r;.lr,t lti;tt c.r c.'
mdl tronc cic duns tlcih cona nulriip tcdc chit hurnin l,riturrr. c.ic rruoi n:rlri err;r. ie rrrir .-,r:rlic. lceii.
vi f'orrric) ddLr c6 kh6, ndng thtc diy hda t6ch, mi chi cdc chat c6 chira nh6ut rLrcru (bring 23).

li6ng 23. Anh hu6ng cria m6t s6 hop ch6t hiru co dOn t16 hda t:ich hjrit rlirspo ,r l'J5"L trong 3/r.

i -l-liuc
Trong lLrr'rng thu AlzO;
chit cho th0m, '7o SO
Chit hlru co cho th6m Co
vrji troog Irrong 3%

b6\it vdi

Ruou etylic 2.0

G l1'x er in 2.0 Ii,1.9 8'1.5

Xelulir (gi6y loc) 1,5 lit,l 8'l,l

Than bin 2.5 ll,l.2 3.1,6

Xapropcn. (birn thdi) 45 u,1,9 85,l

G|.rco 2,0 s .r.9 84,1

Axit oxalic 1,5 l3.8 81.9

Axit axetic I.-s L.l.(, 8+,l

Axit lbrrnic 1,5

Benzen t, j 81,8

Bitum 1.5 80.l

Snirnov cho rlng cric ch6t hlu co c6 chua nhrin rLrou, bin thirr klriing rrnh lruong rrrril din hda
t6ch bdxit diaspo, mi chi ldm tdng tic dung ci'a voi co sin hoic cho th0rn vio b6xit vdi luo-ng khdng
., ,,4, " ,: ,-
l6n. K€t luAn riy duo-c tec gia xic dinh bdng nhfrng sO li6u thLLc nghi€m ddn ra trong birng 21 .

Bing 2-1: Anh hu6rg cdc chit hiru crv d6n thuc thu AlrO: khi lrria t:icb b6ril rli ,lrr,.,r' r'rirr hing
axit clohydric loing,

hfr'u co cho th€m

l rong hrong chir ch.r ' I hu., t:lu 'r'liu

102
 tireni.9,i, so ltli ttont litcrttq Khortg c'6 39n

birxit c6 r'0r yol

3,3 61.8

I( lt0rrq c lro lltCnt

2.5 I l.ti 91,8

Xe lir lir
?5 I 3..1 91,7

I lran birrr
2,5 2I _9 93,8

l{uorr [:t1lic
2, t) 6.2 92,6

(l lr xi l rrr
1,6
q] .1
2.0

'Ilrr,: rrir'. c,ic sa ii.tLr trirr bintl 1'l khirnil dlnh rarrg saLr khi khir cic chat lrrlr h,rat h6a kh6i bdxit

rliasP0 llri ii,: chit hirLr crr .\l.or khi lrda tich chi cllo lhirrr ri6nq 3 o/o r'6i
ir inh lirrong dOn tlilc thu

cLrrrg drr lr'trrt cLtirtrg ltira dtit ngot qLrir trinh hoa ticlt. rrlrLrng cing clqt ngQt khi co
tic clung d6ng thoi
cLrir riri ri eh,.: chiL ltLrLr co (barrg 25)

li:irrg 25: I)0ng lu.c hda ti'rch borit tliaspo tr,205r'(i grhu thrrQi: vrio li6u lrrgrrg r'6i Yi rclul6.

frorr,, lLr i.ng cltiit cittr

'llrLrc thn;\1.,O.. r'iri thiri gian htia tioh, lr
r,ii lronq lutrng 1','

YLri 3,0

9.() 5,1.0
I

1 5,6 86.7

t,i. l 90,,1

.ll.l 9i.0
j

t:1 rl 91.9 9i.2

i
l

ta I 9t,2 93.8
L

[' i

rliaspo o 2050C v6i him

Anh hurilg ct'ra c6c chit hlnr co cl0n thuc thu Al,O3 khi hoa lich b6xit
lLLonrl r'6i khOng lon thi hien cing rn. khi thoi gian hiia trich
cring ngin teng nhi€t do thoi gian hoa

tiicll vi l!r--rrI cho thellr vot hoac srtt h6a tri 2 s€ lisr cho thuc thu AllO3 dich lri
gan nhru
103
 1lc dung hoat hira cira cdc ch6t hiru co durrc Sn.rinrov giii thich nhrr srrrr: cric chir niv tro tlrinlr
canxi ancolat, c6 dd hda tan trong Llung dich kiinr alrrnrinur cao hor ca xj lrytlioxit (lrinh 33 ).

ilQ
l
-- n6 -l
I
vt
:{{ OJ
n') ll
l
0
0.2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1.2
Cltit ltiru co n ottg tlLtrtsl diclt
lrcluk:),9
"

. IIinh 33. t)0 ha)a tan CaO trong dung dich ki€m alLrninat (10,9? Al1il,.2.17pf i\a1O". 5r1.7 N:r,O.",5)
phu thLrr'r. r,io h.rrn ltlrn,t e.ic clt,Ll hr'iu cir.

Anh huorg ciia sg phAn h6a rliins tlirr cic ch.,it hoat h6a trong h0rit rliirspo.

lltrtc tlttr Al.U. ttt crc lori quinp. li)\il klnc rrjt:rtr thrrol:' f,ltu t "i rr;, r,lr:rrr. rrr... .ri rl .'r lr y,lrirr
h6a hoc vi kich thudc c[c tinh the diaspo trong cirirng nhu nhaLr. C,i ui;l rhicl cho r:irr3 lJ] n':Ln€n cri
thd li do c6c tap chdt hoat hcia phin bti ki6ng ddn.q d€Lr trong b6xit. Da khilg clinh rti0Lr ni,r,. lrai r,riu
boxit thuc t€ khdng chia cdc chAt tap h6a, duoc hc\a trich sau khi cho th€nr can:i cacbonrr birrg nhiirrg
phuong phip khlc nhau - ldm cho chit niy plrin L'.', tnrn': hi'rit kh6nq qii,ns lhtu.

'l'heo phLrolg phdp thfr nhAt hoc irii sit:rr6i tlLrLic'sir li|0.
- phtrong phrip htil b6xitsaLrkhi tr,in
1l6n hop kh6 nil cl6m giacOngvcii clungdich natr.i cacbonat r10 chrrrir L'.i{(,i I), rl,.lrlr L ,|\,Luklti

rrrfl bing nuoc la sJ1 klro din trong lrrorrg klrorrg d,'i Ilti ca(burr,r plt.rrr 1., rt,.r,.. 1.,,'.i: 1.1,'i rl.. r.

lhco plttr.,rrr phip tlrri hri plrrn nr plr'rp cn liQ. e:rrrr.i ,ilcl\,,rri I iinr..rri k.-r r',,l.r.,n.rrri
cl.l'onrl lu srl'r r,'i Jrruc derrr tron r tr'i bosir l,irr3.,'ti rrFlriirr tr.,r': lr, l:7/r cr,,,i.l,r Il.i rrt:.rr r,

gi6ug nhau. K5t qui cric thinghi€rn ilLrtrc tip hqt tr€n bring 26.

lling26: Anh huring cria phuong phrip cho thani CJ.rCOs rl0n thuc thrr Ll,Or lihi hir:r tricl lrr;it
diaspo trong 3l d 205"C

'fhuc thu Al1O1, phu thLr6c r,io lLro:ri1 clto thirn CaO, 9', sir lrollg
luo.ng b6xit
l'huong phap

2.0

8 t,4 8 7,9

104
 ll6a h,.,c

Co ltoc

Nhtng s6 licLr drrrr ra rrong bang 26 khirrg dinh giri thi6t va inh huong t6t cua CaCO; phan bd diu
rlin thuc llru AllO . \iiri hinr luong canxi cacbonat khoir;g 5% vi cao ltotr thi inh huiing cira s1L pltiirl
l'.'',1.',r r clirr l.lr, r '. 'r. ,l rtt : ki ttttr.

Li6u lrrgng v6i 16i tr rr

t) xi nghiQp. lili lii,a 16ch borir clirspo ngrroi ta clri cho th€u.r v6i. Vdi r€ 1idn, ktr6ng Idrn biii dtrng

.ilcl) alrrrririr vii lrorr llila klrirng iirrr giinr t1. lv{irt kliric n6 lirrr giitn nrCr In6t NazQ r:cii ctlrr tlo O
\rrt)ng nhr:)Ir L ll [:r]r! iir.)'lr-q rei clto th0nr viio bilxit tu 3.la len '1 1' b di cho plte{p grirrt lLr''trg ti€il
ton kiIrrr(Jf,]1 rlri,rL. :.ii.t iilh tfin lnit tiirr nlLrirrin.-lrong iirc di tirn tlrit AlrO. tang 1tn 2.44.r1rl

Irl.rniri i5rilrig f,l*in.: tiil kir6 liSirrr gi iir0'r l.o'g

'i6c
ling cirr c6.
'i'rru.
Tlrco cric rii lic,r kirr(.. ting li6rr hLtrng Viri tir i l0n 79'o khi hda t1lch b6xit rliaspo s€ linr giinr
tL.'rr

thirt NalO clucrc 2{) .15,}i, v} khi ting d.r 109/o 15i 50 r'oi trqng lLLorlg trdxit thi t6n th6t NarO do
tao

rl;.rIlr r]ittri .r'r rrr ilt .r' , irttt .lui'. , ,,r ttl"u. \lrrllll tlL]llg trt;ortr lr'il'lril) 'i lllo tltanh rrllierr carrri
rluurinlt ngiirr rrr'..ic. I)0 tftinh mit rnrit AIrO. r'rii liop clr6t Ia,Y-, c0 ngtk"i khul'€n ndn cho rio ],5

'-rtrrr,,l rrrtri c,r.l,,,0.rt

.ri,lr|lrrir.at crill plr:trt ltuy khi rrr:r "rr) do. hiell tlur kilrll l.: , rrl
lrrr.,l cr,rrri
vi€c clto tirint ni\v liiitr nav chLra xfc iiinh.

Voi rr.,tn r.io lr,-\it Iihorg rluoc chira nlri,.irr silic oxit, gav t6rr lbit AlrOr rir NazO. Cric tliirL kiIn k!
rlr,r;it lr;,:nllrtlr .r,,r Ll .ttr ,t,,,1'lriT, ch r,'i L, 'lirr clt ir rllttt
<n^ tl"lic erehotllt Co tlli li II'rrl ' le

rt r klr',r,,, , i,l r .', .

\l rirr'' rt lr' '!" 1,(rr lt,ttlt 'IruottiIlr'tr'ltttt rirr;- tlrrte tlrtr Al u' thrrc tc klroir: 'l'ri'
'irrrlrgt"
lihi thrrv riri co rlrinh phiin binh thuing (chLra clen 39i, illgO) [.,in.lr. vdi n]riu ducrc tir dh Yoi clililnlit

h,ja chiLa i6n l:r% \ll:0. Ting lriLn luong \1gO tir 3 180/o lam girint r.it nhi€u hdrn ltro.ng kierlr lrong

can do. cirn riiir t c t?in{ thl ton thit kiirr bit cliu tirrrg. nhurg dir voi 3'1% MgO, t6n thit kidnr cirng
rr, ,1' llor ,n r'. i . rrr|, r" r .,'rlr.jnlr f,h:rn tltntrL rlrtt '1.-

hhi thli,r',li iriur mi,t !uiinr tuong iluong l\{gO thi d0ng hoc hda tich alunrin giam hin di; ngoii
re cifl crirr se phiit tricn niranh chong hon trLrng ot0la. Ngu16n nlra[ gian rnAt m6t NarO khi co
rrrit

rr6t lrronu nio do irii0. lii0n nav chua xic dirth

Liirr r''t t 'i ',u,i,'i vii cic loai bOxit kirlc nh:ru rJuo. c xrlc clinh bing thuc ngliigrr cho tirrlg
lLro-ng
tnni: rirL h
'r,rin! tr,. p riin ui' ' I r|' rrrriin. ,.li lrnr t.'. Ir lhin l.nr borit dir.1'o tltr lrirn ltrong CaO
105
tOng hinr lrrong r'6i cho vio vi co sdn trong b6xit duiri dang cacbonrt. Iil t,n1-: titr,,u .1Lrri l' ,. N.:u rron.r

boxit c6 chfta sider;t thi t6ng hirn luorrg v6i cln giinr xLr6ng m6t clch rLrcrL', irnl. chir i'li tic dullg
lroat horr cua 5at horr lri lrui ;irr lr,,rr rui khoin;.: lrri lirr. Licrr ILr.r:rg vi'i r..rr ,i r.r- .. i I.r r. i t,.r .1.,i r,'i
plrdn lo'rr cric lnri horrit Bac - I rrrrn c6 do plrin lru-r Lrirrlr tlruorrg.

Vd co chd tic dqng hogt hria ciia v6i tl6n hda tich b6xit rli:rspo

Hidn nay chua co j' kicn thJng nhdt v6 bin chAt cfra tric clung hotl hiit cira v6i ri€n tlLriL tr.inh lrt'ra

t6ch boxit diaspo trong 6t61a.

Beliaev coi nhtr hi6n nhi€n li inh hudng ttit cua v6i cl5n cl6ng hoc hira tirch bdxit co licil qLran v,.ri
hiQn tuo;rg b€ m{t: canxi hyclroxit tgo thdnh l6p mdng hiio nucic tr6n bi urit clia::po ,, i bclrnit, iirr cho

clrrngdichkidrrrdEdingtlrimnlrJprioc6ckherirrhricicl6'rrrodi,r...lotlrrlc,l.l.,qrr;itrir:lrlrjrt.i.rr
b,-'xrt [5,. lheo qtrart Jiern k]ric f5 l. lic dung curr rii tlrrr. chii li qrri tr irrl, clrrrrirr Iriirr rrr; li. ..l.
dang nh6m hydloxyt m6t nLL6c (diaspo vd bonrit) it hoat h6a, sang darrg brr nLnic hort tinh cao hon:

AIOOII + ll,O ) Al(Oll)l

liirr lrinir trogtt nroi lirron3 Li,.rr o nlriet d.' cr '.

Thco Mazel vOi duo-c bi miir crla c;ic khoring srin clritr alLtntin hip phLr, clo dri lrirrr 1Cu ciic rrrang
tirrlr thd r r d.l bi td,c drrng c'ra kiirn co*ric.

Clic qtt,ttr Jiirn noi trerr ir tltrnit plruc r'lrrrng t:r lriet rir.l lrrorr3 il,rit plr'rr rirr,, cr',.r rl.i.1t de lrr,' r:r

cic tnatrg lrlo nuoc hoic kr ntroctlrudrtg it lrorr rrrit kiljgrm clro m,.rt trrrr tlrr:.,rrr:. nlnfn i rr',.1{ lrrr.,rrj
hop nrly phii tir 30 d(!n 5Otrg \,6i h'€ rnQt tin bdxit miri co inh huiing r,) ret tlin tirrru thLr ,\l U .

O Viin nglri€n cilu nh6m. magi€ toin Li0n X0 va ti rudng nhnnr t r Ln (\1. 1.. l ,,nrpr,11iql ) n*,,."
ta di so sinh k6t qui hda trich diaspo sach c6 cho thdnr v6i r.i kh6ng cho thCnr r'6i. Nhnng c0ng tnntr
lriy chirng t6 ring khi hda tich diaspo nhin tao sach, c6 cho th€rr r oi, thi roc tl,, lri i t,rn .\ l-l. 1,.,; 16,r,

ho:r chtrt it so voi klrong cho thern vii.

Kuzolexov dua ra nhinrg k5t qui nguirc lai: khi hda thch cliaspo rhin tao saclr. r6i Lirir tlng plrin
niLo t6c d6 alumin, nhung kh6ng phAi v6i rnucd6 rrhu khi hda tielr hor,it tliri|Lr. N,,r;crr nhln kh6c
nhau giira c6c kOt qu6 hda tdch diaspo sach kh6ng xic clilh. C6 lE v6i iL inlr huirng din lrt)r trn cliaspcr

.rclr ri dieu na1 dith do piA rlricr re srr hinh tlrinlr 161 nrang heo nu,i'i lr.n h.l rnr',r ,li:. p,..

Qr.ran tlidm ve suu biiin d6i dang nh6rn h1'drox11 nr6t nu6c sang dlng ba nLrric lJri hda trich b0xit
trong 6t6la v6i su co mdt cira v6i, cing nhu it thuy6t phuc. Chirng ta brir rirrg, ,.' rhiit ..lv riru nh6nr
hydroxyt khir nuryc, d nhiet d6 khoing 1300C vi cao hon thi plr,r rin hrn vrilt.l l;ir,,nr: ph;i l;
hydragylit mi ld bcrmit. Hda t6ch b6xit tliaspo - bcnnit trong otdla tien hinh d nhi€t d6 tr€1 2050C, do

106
rio t,ri ,lriir i.i.r llttin loj rii Lir.r-r,rl nltri:l it-.rjlc:rI r.-,rr
lLrr,c. clrLl khottg pit:1i ngtroc lai. Ilort nDr

n(rns d,l liilir cosiic cao cLrn I tlrLrc drir sLi piiil l;. hrr1rat vi irirr giinr nhi6t rlo cua qLri trirrlt.

(]uirrr lieru v0 co chi tiic rirrtg hoat hria cira viri Iir d.., cric klr,'.1n-: rdn chirl rrl'rrrritt lr,rp phtr. ducrc

trinh bi\ ti lri rrhit irouq cong tlinlr cira I'azul,lrin.'l-hctr 0ng rlri viri giirp lanr clut tl. lrcrr kct ltvdroxll
r., l. ,rr 1 1,.. .,, ,;1c , rrlr llti ,1.I.,. , \ r h(lltit tirirrlr 1'li,rrr \,, r),lr Lltit ciu tru.. \11, ,lrt r, i rt l:or tatt

tt,'rr : ]r .r : 1.. I kir';rr J.:;r. r,ir:r.r: t , ' , u ! .l e r rill .,' llrui .1.'r,* i.rtt citnri It:r Irt
r l r i !l ir'tr rr.rr,i,.iduoc

c. r, tirir" . .. r "'' lr.i;i'lrrr ,'rl','",r,.iiirtLilthr,lro:rt:

oft- tlll-i
\/
\i _v_ orf-ca-ort(-
(v-
9)

irrl rilnli lrorr lti Irai xell rilrr riLta I ion l;r tirr:i_i I li.:n kit vi brCri lidrL kct hl dr oxr I tlrinh hai Ii€n
ktlt ion. \ii .\lr li.'l liit r tii hr rlloxl I chiil lr.rn nltiitr so r oi fl.rl rrerr .'clro ( ir' )..rr rrl..r1, ..rrr ,lo LIi
ditr11 :,r:tr rrio itrit (-)] I :

r{--
\,,
o, r- c'. -o r,-\r{- + uon
-],^l
oH + Ol l Cla OII
-,\,/ ,/ \
\/
,,,, \
(vt0)
'I f)il -
rrp lrcp a,iL - OFi rl,r'rc ,{ini ph6ng s( phil 11, rhinh cic ion ri€ng bigt v;l ion canxi ti6p tuc

|l'.i r ' '. | ' ,r \,-t lrr,lr.'r) L

Clii llrc tlirns irlr0ng qLrau sit di,lrr lLL ti vi qul h-inh lrira iar cric lrat nhdm hl,drory't irogr clLrng dich

kiiur Ll, I :,.rir-: (iinh ,1rr.n rri.rn rrcii llCn. Khi c6 r 6i thl irhiitr 6 plri li rhinrg hat vo- duqc t+o thinh, tric
Iilr r..' r.ri r.r.::rlr rr-;r li:r:...t . " tirlr llri lr.r.lc.ic rir,lr If,,ri.'cic tinlr tlri rril . lrirU r)i) tlriyritrO
khi hr'rl lr,-h riiri,;po. Iilriing ctl vi i tlrr ir,r:r turt tiin lrinlr .l')nc,1eu hon, s6 luolg citc 6 phi vir cuc bd it
h, r;t.

lri.. i'. .. c,'.rr rrl,lrr xci 1r,.,. ,,.i. l..c dlrng crrr roi clrr co rlri. tlri clri cirr lrr,'rrl clro tlrirn klrorrg
rr.:it,. l,.rr ..'lr,rt:'rrcuL r,:,rr'r,. ,.,rrrr- Jieii ki.l'r ,rrr.::Jrr l.rrr ulto toc dj lro.r 1,ti.r-1'r,ling l€n 1.1

d,li nrrli. I,ln rli iln cira r'6i trong nL6c r] nhitt d6 tren 200"C Li vai rniligam trong nrdt Iit. cdn trong
clL:n g rlt :h i, a( )i i iirin llri it iio n n lr i,jrr lin. De t'io r:, niirr.g tl6 tri i h .Ln C:rO hda trn. kht,rrg cirr phai cho

107
th€rr v6i bdi vi trolg bit k1' b6xit rrio hr'rn lLrong cria no ciing nhi0u hor li cin thiGt dt clucrc noug tl6
n6i trdn. Song thuc thu Al2O3 tir Lro\it di3spo ehi tdng nhiiu klri cho thdnr kboing 30' '1Oiq CaO tr€n
m.rt tin boxit. Ir:ry ld khoing l0g ( rO trerr rrot lit dung dich rrirr lto.itr. cao lt',tt ncrr:: 'l, roi lrrn lrrrrg

trdm lin. Ilon niie, theo quan riinr niy thi vdi phdi tic. durtg gidng nhru tr0n tit cil chc dang bdxit
diaspo, k6 ci tren diaspo nhin t4o sach d8u khdng dugc cric sri liCu thrrc nghiQrn x;i.c nhr'irr.

Tu clo cL-' rlri kdt ludn ring 3ir rlti.lr crh P:rzukhin clru: pi;ii qrrr jt r'Jirr cut,,.: r itt ,l. .lr.lr l,rt.r'r1 cr:rt

vdi d6n hoa t6ch b6xit diaspo-

M. N. Srnirno! re Z. G. Calkin.r lxui'ng rrlrorn Umn; cho rirrg- llri lrr-rr trielr btr..tt ,1i., I'o l'.111g,3i.
dung dich tuin hoirn c6 cho thenl v6i. tlri tr€n bitltr tlrirrh canri altrnrinrrl rLhLr rrr('t hgp
m4t rtiaspo
chit trung gian, nlrung sau khi cluoc tEo thAnh thi l{p tiLc bl ki6nr phrin huy di ehrri.lrr :rlrrriit r io clung
dich vd giriplrorrr Ca(OH)3. Crnri lrydroxlt lni ti6p nrc,ltroc cic lrrt dirspo lrrrp plrLr. t,,. rlrir,lt trnri
hydroalurninat.

Kl/L'rr'^o\ ri Derevirnkirt crrr3 (Lrjrn Irjdrn nlrrr ri1 re t:r. ,lrrrt citl rtri. H., k |
'r
. r
'
'
' ,l i rr I I rirrl
tricanxi hydroalunrinat, duoc tao tl).inlr tr€n met cac hat nhOrir h1'clroxl't, co hrt bd lror cic tirrlt thi
diaspo holc birrnit. l:\rn cho tricanri hyihoalurlinat hda tan nhanh hr-rr tliaspo hoiic bomit.

Nghi6n crlu bing tia rorrgcn va tJiin tir ti vi cac hrt c.in hur ritcit nhirm hytlroryt cr'r cho lirern vOi

chiLng t6 ring t.it ci chirng d€u chira iCaO. Al2Or. 6H2O, vcli lrrolg cing l6n klii thdi gian lida t6ch
cang lilg ll n. clra Jrrng dich piirrt ttrorrg irng. Tdc gia giai rlrrrlr Li.'r ttrurtrl n.i. l.r.l",l,' I'un rittt'
cia tric:rnxi alurninat tAng, khi o" cira dLrng dich giAm.

NhIng quan ni€rn di n6u (Snrirnov vd Galkina d xuring nhdnr lJruu) khdng phir ho-p vrii cltc (1lan
sit khfc. Vi dLr, khi cho th€rn v6i vio ciui trlnh hda tan trong ot(,ll rlurnin nh-in dLr,
'c l,.rr '.r c;ir lr nuns

hydrat cring nghi€p o nh[ng nhi€t d6.,i thoi gian khic nhaLt tlr] tronq 1:it crr c,rc trrtur r lrrlr tlrtrc thu
Al,().,,r,r,Jrrrrg rticlr dcrr giirn. Ncrr :rlrrrrrir nltrrt dtt,.,c o nltitt,1,' rtttrr.' I.hi,nr qrr.i lr"r, tlrr tlrlrc thlr

giirm khodng 4o%, tuong img v6i tiln thit thco tinh toin dd tao thinh i('aO. ALOr. 6l L(1. cr)n ncu o
10000C illi t6n th6t ndy l6n ddn 2l%, v6i luong r'6i cho th0rr nhLr rlLuu. Uirrig rhni crirrg r,.ie nl'.rn ring

khi ho:r trclr boxit di nrrng, trong dc, alLrrrrin o Jqng klrony r-inr nrroc. ri'i :e,., r. lr rrerr no cunS
cudng h(ia qu:i trlnh hda trich cirng loai b6xit niy lirc chLra nung1.

Nhrr riy rii c6 anh hudng nguo-c rrlrlu d€n ltor trn llrrrrri" tir) thco llumirr lirr) tfor" b.rrit ltrl o
dang sach.

Ti diy phdt sinh ra;i nghi li khi hda tach b6xit kh6ng phii v6i t6c ddng tren clc khorinq sin chr?a

cdc khodng sin chua alumin. mi li trcn cdc chit tap cua borit. Y nghi nry crino J;i d'ft.'c kit qui cirr
mdt s6 nghi€n cuu ti€n hinh trong nhing nam gin cldl khing dinh.

108
 l1rixic <jinh rinh lrLx'rlg cLra cic ch6t clro llrdnr l:ir/rc nltau den thuc tllu Al:O;. Khi lroa trlch diasPo
rri bo1ril ngLr;-in chit. I)rlji1ina c|irug rnirih raug clro thOm TiOz lirn giirn dQt ng6t thuc thLr AlrO3
r,io dung 6cih lii€nr. I)iaspo vi bomit dung <16 nglrien cLiu duoc ch0 biiil nlrin tao: diaspo - bing cich
kal linh lai i,trr,riL Li li(l (l roi sLr eo utiLt cir.r ,rr:ir,.iilspo tltier nlri}t. ccitr bortlit bing cl'Lclr ttutlg

nrirrr hvcilagilil nirirt tao srcli tron,!: m6i tlttdrrg iiLr,rc o 1500C.

ILl0

ll (l

i'-n
fi)
l;l
il l0t0
l0 l2 ll 1'. lS l0
Irj _l 't t.t1j luvri

lllnh l.l. Anh lrrrrlr.n cita lLro-ng'l iO2 d0tr tirrrc tirrr ,\l'O: tir brrrnit rii cliaspo: o - o- ltda tan bLtnrit,

\I lr irrr trn ri iaspo.

l)ilspo rlu,re 1ri,;i r;cli 2/; iring clirrrg cliclr rrllri,rinrl iLi nting rl0 2,r7.q'l i'la:O. ti ?05r'C, cott btrtrltt

t! 1 5{)iC t;o;ri: lir. i l:ir: liit clirri tl,i nglridnr ..irr,.ie tr'lttii Iri1 tr'6n irinh 3-1.

l,ltit lriil tl1i., r'rri1: IiIi l:r]u tlch diaspo klri hor lich diaspo lto:ic bontii. v(ri sq cti inat IiOl thi
Lr..rr! , , I ' ir,,.,t .. ; .i rrr.'r 1, 1' trti|l; tr' :' . r:. t,tr'tu lllt t:''t tt,l r1,.,,. r.r JtlllL' Ji' lr kierrr ,li r

khdng rrit cli riLrlc. l'lrinh lrhin c[ta krp rnring ril Ith6ng xirc rJinh tlLtoc birtg kinh hidrr r i hoirc bnrgil

tia l i)ll[!]n.

Drrrlinina cho rilrg tlrLic thLr AlrO; girinr da,lr!.dt khi hda tich tiirspo co rniit.l ior lir tlo irinh lhinlr
l.,l' lt.lnl' r,.,\ tri I '. rrr,t .ii.rs|o. I lte, r l' .. ti.rlr t, ltt girt ,liilt-. I rt ilr.cu di\ ertl lnl' tttati.' tlr')
tl

klroirrc l8;1 . tlo ri'r iilr,'rr1. cho phtp phit hi€n drLoc hop clrAt rrio rtoi tr0n tnirt cira cic lirrlr tlr0

d rir sllo.

(..r, .;,'r {,'r lr, , r 'J. .li.r .P,.. r,, clro llrerr, lrr I lr rr,,l ltin it,.'1, trrri,rt,: Lr,.ltlll. llli tit rl ' 'lr:rl l.,ll3
hr\u nhu kht)ng rrich ra tlrroc. DiiLr nril cirng uhil thil khi gia c6lg Tio, :aclr hing dung dieh Naoll
lt,,.,r t,.l.li .,i r,tir'.r. lr, t,: lrrr"rrL holr s.rrr. I ( r t.. {r,.ln: tlrai kit tirrh {lrtt\i:r s.rtt3 trtl)t lllii kco. Q,ri

trinh 1i.r' tii-tr Ii;ir citng nhrrnh. khi nhiSt do c:inil cao vd ktm theo su gi0rt1 Irottg do Nr1() trc,ng drrng

dich. \rrii ii1irl1g I iOl irlrring lon (7.6 .<.'/ durg tiic]r ) nii hoin toan clrtryen sang tr?ng thii kco vi trong
-l
trirong hop triil' ti,rr thit kiiu viro kltcring rril nrol Nalo tr6Ir Inqr', nrc'l iO,. Dlra tr€n co sd ni1'. thc
giii cho rirng inh irLLdng xiLr cira 1iO1 d0n lrt\rr trn dilspo vi bonrit li do tao thirnh chit k6t tira phin tin
rrri1. hodc cllng keo cira hop chit natli rnelu rjtarrat kh6 hoa tan. clu,ri tllng ltrp mirtg rit rnortu tr€n

bc mat cire cic tinh tiri. cin trtr su thirn nh:ip cirl dLlng dich kiirn.
109
 N'ltc d6 thu h6i AlrO. lrong nhAng dietr kien nriv duo-c qu1€t dinlr L,r',r rr ..r tuc do cro rro thinlr
rratri n'teta - titanat vi t6c 116 hoa tan nh6rn h1'droxy'r. V6i lip lulirr rir. Dlujinina giii thicli r.r srir
'l iOl tAc d6ng d6t ng6t nh6t dtln hda tan diaspo.

Diaspo bit dau trrong ric voi kidm ri nhi0t d6 cao hor nhi6t d6 bir cliu tao rhinh mcrr titanrt vai

klri drt Jin nhiir dd ho.r trn dirrpo rhi hd mit crra n.l lriu nhu t i lcp rrr.ir,, |'.,' .i ',.r.-, I'l'ir lr, :,rr r,,r'rrr

Tdng nhiet d6 vi thdi gian hda trich s€ linr trng luong chit ket tira tJrnq kco. cic hat cire chit nil
lon l6n vi do d6 biiin ltip m)lg ch{t thiinh xdp hon. Tiiip xric giiia borit r r drlrrg rii"lr tut lrur, Ilr rc thu
AIror tlng len.

Tdc hai cira f-iO2 diln hda tan diaspo giin dOt ngdt khi cho thcrn vdi rio lurvCn phir: thLlc thLr

AlzO3 ting l6n, clat glin d€n thtrc thu AI2O; tt diaspo sach. O cliy vai trir cin vi,i l:i tao rh:'rnh e.inri
titrrrrrt .perpkit (l'irrlr l: r.

Ktlt qui cric thi nghidrn vd enh huuug cira liri rirlo.c tip ho1 n.en brrng 27.
Binlr ?7

Anh hu&rg cir:r (laO rl6n ti sd costic cila dung dich chtra 19,2"1, NalO r,:'r fl,8.l7o AllO3.

Luong l'iOr
'l'hdi gian khudy, l'i s6 co:tic r:ira
(anatazo) tr€n LLri'ng CaO. g Nhiet d6. ''C
h dung dich
25ml dung dich, g

1,8 1,4 0,5 t1q

t,8 1,4 1,0 4 ){)

1,8 t,4 2,(J 3,8 3

I,E 1,1 3,0 3,8 0

1 {7

I l8 I,.+ 0,5 4.23

1,8 1,4 t.0

1,8 1,4 3,0 3,6.+

Lnc bif diu klrLril trun Iruy6rr phu. chSt kct trrr nclri meta - titrnrr Liro loc drroc rao rlr,.r'lr. rr,,n,,
do phrit hien thdr to crnxi alurninat. Diiu nry clin d€rr vi€c kit trrr Al.O. \ l tjnr, ft . firre Ilroi gi:rrr

110
khu,r, lron thi ti sa) cosri. cira tlLrng ilich giam 6in. clat 6ir cr. cria dung dich ban tlirr. Clon clit ket tira

rhi ihrrl l]i irorrg rhi xuir ltii'n ,:lc ri ir rhi hl;rh kirr: itriirrg clriit, chuy6n diin thinh nhiing tinh tlri
rror': i.r"r (l.rrI' :.lr''i r.re tit tr tlti l)(rol)kil {llillll -)rrr'

100

80

L:l
:j 6t)
l:il 40
i':
I l:l
i

20

123
Titoi l:iart,it

,.\rh ltLrt,Iig crirt I'iO: r'l CaO dert ltoa tatt i\I201 (rrhidt il6 hira tarr 2200C) khi hi)a
tich
I Iinlr 15.

tron{ otrlllt:

ciiaspo saclt: 2. diaspo sach + 39'o'lio:: l dilrsposachi l% TiOl i oaO (lntoi

CaO tren I rnol I iOz)

iti|! ji, ( t:tt !r.iit: , |,t tlt ' il !iirt t!t :iiijii:a t;t: I'iO' .. tt i i.'.to t:otry dxnS (li.h ttltirnitttti.
'l

,l . , rlr-ii11,,1t ,. 1l: .: i ' i rti i': lli :.1 . '.1 11. . r: .nrr (.1:1\i ili .nl:1,.r '.i tt.rttililaltat
ilirit kii lur ,irc ri1' r:lii6r': liri ti:i' i6n. !arir3 iliriil aii linr qho canxi lulninat phair hiy, CaO t1L clo

clLroc giai plrting ra se ltrrrtlg tlic'fiCl r':i natri tltanat. ia(l thinh chit kdt tira canxi titarrat k6t tinh. Chit
kit trla chit I4i vi tlrtrc thu .'\lrO, r io clttgn cli'.;h tirng lcrl
111
 Nhu viv, theo Drujinina thi vai tK) cLia r,6j la l?rn nrit tic har tira l-iO1 birrg e .re lr lr. rr 1,.-t rri rhilnlr
hop chit calxi titenat k6t linh vr\ klr0 3 lroa ten. Dieu rri-r'gi:,i tlrich khh t5t nhidLr ltii rr[]r].1 qllan sltt
,; ,,
tlrAl klri lroa t.iclr cic loai borit ll.,i,. rrlrau. co voi vi klrinp.,' r.ri. J): l.lrin,l .lirrrr rr',r, rri.:rr rrir ri
,

co clri l,', Jrrr-, ir:r roi. rit cirr rr. rrrinh vin di Anlr lrrr,'n. r'r'r'r r, i,,l.ln Ir, rr t;i.lr ,.lri' .r ,.l.ll.:\uu
nhimg s6 li€u cLia Kuzonexov vi iilh huolg hoat h6a cL'ra v6i Ii c6 ctr r,r,i, thi ciirril nOrr nlrlii ling vri

khong chi lirn nrit tic hai cua TjO:, rni inh huong xirc tic cJ0n .,,i0c tao thirnh carri hy dr'...'alumin nhLr

mot lrup ehit trrrrg giln. Rit co tlr" li ioi mot nrrrc (io nin r1,,. riri gLi11g plr:i r" ..r. r
"1,
rlri,lrrspo
thdnh nhirng phAn co bdn cria ciu tr[rc, theo quan ni€m cira l'azukhin.

Vi viy v.4n 11€ cs chi: t6c ilung cira v6i d6n hda tich b6xit cliaspo, co gii tr i ., c lv iLr.rn cr'ius nlrr.r

thqc tiin, hi€n chLra duo-c giii qulit vi ddi hoi phai tidp tuc nrlrijn cirLr tr:rin diir.

Khi lrt)a tlch. bdxit bomit klrring cri vdi thi 'fiO, tao thirrh c;ic h-crp chlt phiLc tap viri circ o.rit sit.
nh6rn vri silic. Vi clu, d rne,t xutrng Ihrngari, b6xit sau khi nghiin haonftoin qLra lurii ri() rrlt sirg.
rtltunq trorg ciur cid cia bOxit ril lri luon ILtirrt c,i gen 5 ,, Lrun! llroug lirp hat liil lrorr. llreo phin tic1r
h6l hoc thi kip niy tuong inrg v6i c6rrrr thirc voi cdng thiLc 5FcO. Alro1. Sit tro rg LoriL tnrr tli du6i
rlang Ir,.rrtrrrrtiL. rtlrung trong Iq' lr.ri l"n cira cIn clo noi tr.1rr l. lrrr': rrrit Iri.rn rrlrr,rr' .1',rr.: jrirrrrntit-
diirr rrrr clrrrrrg loco srr lilo thrinlr clr.ir lror hoc.

lhco cau so lreu cua mot \Lronq Hungari khic thi mdt plrirr ciru t16 cin.e 1i'n ICn. rhrrnrt tirinh phin
h6a hoc cira l6p h4t lon niy lai turrng rlrng voi c6ng thiLc li!c2O1. l'iO1. 6Alro.,. Si|)r.

O I lungali nhing ho. p ch6t mrii tao ra nAy dugc goi li "cdt Dora".

[Iu viit cira phuorrg ph{p hda t:ich liGn tr,rc boxit trong ot6la so v6i phrro'lg phrip girin rlo3n

fit c,. c.ic cortg doan trong sll xrril altrmin theo pltrr,,nq plrip Beler'. I.r \:,. r, lr'1r 1,.,1i1 ql1i11
nung hydroxy't thLrong tidn hdnh liOn tuc. Chi ri€ng cic khdu hda t;ich bo\ ir tr. n,t r t, rr l.r r ., Lir rrir phAn
ho dung dich aluminat thi d xi nglri.ip nguoi ta tidn hanh hoire licn tuc hoi-rc giin tlorn.

t)hrrorg phip khu6y phAn hoa gi6n doan c6 uu viet quan trong v€ mit c6ng ui:lri vi se duoc renr

xcl sllr. \irrrrlr doi voi kheu hoa ticlr trongr3tocla llri qLrd trirrlr Iiirr nrc co llrirr -: r.r \:.1 r,.r l.,rr. so r,''i
quri trinh girin cloan:

L Klrdng co thoi gian clrit crlx ol6cla khi clrit lierr ri tlr,io Iiirr: lii 11ri plrrrorr: f i , ' Iror tich
chLr k! thi thiri gian ch6t li€u chi6rr gin i 5% trong tdng thdi gian cLia nguv6n c0rg.
2. 5rr rltrrtg Lltrng tich ctrrr ot,,la r,',r h,,n. hoi rii'ti,cla ttrrr,i lrrrrtlr: plr.r .liirr rlr'_r l,..rrr tnirr. Klti
linr vi€c gihn cloan thi cdc 6t6cla duoc didn diy kh6ng quri 70 80% vi hon nirx thi s: c(') nr{Lry co rin{
rip suit tu plrlit do sit protoxit trong boxit gay ra.

3. 'fhao tic cria ddy otdla doll gian htm ri ning sLrjt Iau rli,ns cao h.m.
'L srr,it tierr thrr hoi nuoc it lt.,rr. Jo hu1€n phu drr,.,e rrrrrrlronp tru.',c klri vr,.,,,r., Lr Lr.rr3 lrui cir:r

qr.rA trinh tu bdc hcri cria huy€n phir irt6cla.

tt2
 i. \1',ir Liirrr lu il l)(lr. vi gi:irn sii lrLilng ottr,:ia '' ri llle ticlr nhri xLrotlg.
r, r ri. ilirr lr . r,, rltrrir. .. t., it t'. it nlti<t'.
Vi vi1. lrliip hoa tich giin dorrn clri <itrnt 6 tnoL s6 xi ngl)iep cir, con doi vrli tit
hiCn rrx), pltuoltlt

cri circ ri lghiip nriii liir cliou pJtLrtrng phhp lioa tich liil tuc, Ilon Iriia nhirng kho khiut cia vi0c cung
ciip liin tuclr hrr1,6n phir Irii indn \ iro oiocla J.r Jurvoc klric phle ltoin todn

?. xic r)tNtl siN LII'olic criN Dd vA,\LU'\{IN VAo DIING DICH

:irr lui,n.t i:.rr J,, rf, rr, lll lir linl qrni:r rlrrrlr.'lierr tielt crr.r tr'i rlrict bi lirrg rrt ttti,. 5itrt ltt.t-tt3

ciir dri co tir€ rac riinii {tilll d'-;rril thco ci)ng th[rc:

(l - 1, .+ 1.57'-r2.665 rks,tt (\'-11)

1'rortg tlti: 1j. Z r:i,j- tuLrng irng lLttrng FclO;. 1iO1. l.r;// blrrit.

Chi16 r:;; lt61 c,'r r;6 xcs rJiLr| tir bing can biirrg ra1 li.;rr. lroac birng ciich phin ticlr hinr luo-lg
plrin triir)t IrL''(l: tiotl{ borit l,ltn tl LLt JLt.t r"rt' Ili'.r t,itlr ri 1tt'ltj cltn tlir slrrL khi rtia trol'lg cong doarr
.''.Ll,,l..rr'-..i' .\rl I. l'rr.,1,,i ri ilr.tri't t, :.rl li.'r' .irlI '.,1 J"c"tlr. ri.ir plr'.crrr tritrlr:

i',. ,. r.lt. . ..' - !-,t (\' ll)

t,

I rolrs ( lil :

]t,, lr ill I,l.,n: lL ( I ri ):n lru'.it {- /

It. hrrrir lrrtrn!: I:c,O; llr-rn3 cin- [7

l slrr lrlll'cirr ilo l'l l:,lrit.

I u()nrr iii cil tltc :ilic rlinlr tltrru titri All( )r (ll,1lr(1. ) illli l:irlr tltcll:

,t lr.,t | tr - a I.
tt,r' Jt1'- 1611 .1t)U- llll.ll)0 (v-ri)
llt' ti,,lt',

Tr ong rio:

A6 vr'; ,i,. ir.rrr luollg Al.()r tLr.--ng ung trcrl!l l)6)ii1 vi ttong can, ,tg4;

F1 i i I.. lr;:r:r lLxrnq lrc'il. lrfohs irn!l lt.olfi fi\it vi trorrg cin. kg'l:

x sriu lrrrrrrl can cio 1,,'t b6xit.

i l3
 3. CONC NGIIIi }I()A TACH BOXIT

Hda t6ch bdxit hydragilit d6 phnn hny cri thd ti0n hinh trong cdc be thi;ng thrr,)lg. lilrLrir,)rrr-r,:l
phn bing kh6ng khi hoac bing co gi6i. Dti ting tOc dd qu6 trinh vr'r rlrrrc thu ,\l,C);. durr.g tlLrn,( clrctr

kidrn d6m dtin 250.q,? NazO. vd hda t6ch d nhi€t dd gin .,'iri di0m sili cL'rL rlrurr: rlich lihourrg 105"(t.

Nung n6ng hcrn nira sd giilp ting thtrc thu Al.Or, dic biCt vdi durs rlich Loins hon i:i li so cosrie
thAp. Vi vA1,n6i chung cric xi nghi€p
hinh hda trich b6xit h1tl.a,:ilit tronq dtrlcla. llirxit btrnir
ddu ti6n

vi cliaspo lu6n luon hoa thch trong ot6cla ir 6p suit ,' 25nl vd cao hor.

Otdcla, thi6t bi nung n6ng, thi6t bi tu bdc hoi vi virn tliiu chinh hinh liirn

Ot0cla lu6n rJuoc ch6 tao bing thip: chrirng tlir bin vi ch6ng cluc,c arr non crie cr'rc dLrrr{ diclr
alLrminat. V6i nhi€t cl6 vii rip suit cao hon nhi€t dO vri rip suAt thLrring rlirns 6 si nrliri.Alr (6011 vl cll o

hon) thi thdp cacbon bi arn mdn: trong nh[ing trrLr'ng ho-p ndy 6t6cla pliii dLr-,c chd tio binir rhdl; liqrp
kim dart tiin irotr.

rr"ung nong htry0rl phir trong 6t6cla c6 th0 qua b0 rnirt tnrl€n nltiii. hoic bril,,. lioi ilLlt trtrc tigl.r r rLtt

lrLr;in plrir oti'.lrr. IJr ltat lnl)el rrltiel tlrLri,rtr, lrrrl'r: i.,lr,,i lrr,:,- ,:,,: )...:;, l,l.lr, rr:,rl,l, rr,,, ,1,,,

nhiSt niy c6 nhlnrg nhurrc diOm sarr d6l.:

L dp suit trong 1o hcri phii cao hcrr trong 6t0cla. lirn cho ciu tao 6rocla plric rrrp vi t1ir.
2. rlri'i gixlq rrlrr kto dAi ItLt;c1 phu rlrr ic rr..1g,r,.n3 clrirrr b.i rr .,r .ji:,r trc'r r,,ri,, 1....,r..\:r
qui trinh trLrldn nhiir bi xiLr di clo tao thinh ciin criLr trting otdla.
3. di: khuiv tr'On hrrl,dn phi nung n6ng clrra trrong. thLrong drr)g (jL!l kiru.1.' c., gitii. .r1 r ir-c clrdn
kin truc cinh khuiv niiv phtc tap vi dtli hoi phii tha]' aloi Iu6n.
l)a tat lau, dt6cla voi io hoi nLr'6c khdng duoc dsiL dung trong lLrr'.:n nhi'rrL lrvliiLrl ilr:rl iirr irr, lLli l,rp,t
rudt xoin cing kh6ng l:)m nit nhirng nhLlnc dierr nrii tr€n, horr nin i iic li\ru sucjr ci1 c;lirr l)1ia 1lioiir
cira ruOt xoin cr)n kh6 hotr ld ldrn sach trrdrg cLra irt6clir.

TAt ci cdc nhtloc rli6n niy ddu duoc khic phuc n6u dirnq lroi trrrc tidp. hoi ;ril,cinl Lli,rrrl tlir'i
khuiy tr6n huydn phir.Otdcla nung n6ng bing hoi tnrc ti€p c6 dang hinh lrrr d[rrgr, r:ip irilh cirr yi
tldy cfrng hinh ciu hoiic hinh n6n. Ong hinh trrr clLloc hin 4 v.'iu 1ai clt Ljni clr6 tul ,,:iro i,lilclrr. lloi
duoc dLra qua mi€ng diy (hinh 37).

Dudng kinh a)tdcla rir 1,6 - 2,5m, cdn chiiLr cao tir l-i - gr;r. I)i pii nhi,-:t, 1!,.orii or6la
fhi1
duo-c phti m6t lop cdch nhi€t. Th6o licu tu dtocla tidn hA:rh qua dng rlrinq rliLng. tl-li ci tr.crng vr) cl6n grin
, .: ,
oay cu3 tnret bl.

Loai 6tdcla dung tich l,rn vri dc,n giin riit thuir ioi diti r,6.i c,rc {rrdii!. lirrlil Iir.n. l:cji vi varr
hinh chfrng don giAn.

ll4
 1-lill,'( r)lt I it tLl I pirirtrrril philp nulig rl(lrrg L'irtg lt,ri trge tidp li lint loing huydrr plttr clo r:utrc

ix i a ciiiu tri!1 i:iri Jrrr.'i i-iti bi6t lri klii hoa tich bdxlt klie phin (*).
ngLr'll!r t, r1r-rc h u.r-

)lhiai dii c,rri hLt'.itr phir Iio 0r-6clarl lihoi Ot0cla cing khiic rrhau thi dQ plta lo:rrrg cang
rir
tlrr ,. ,1" '1i..i6,i11.' llrrr.rt pl.tt t:.r s.rrl klli ii.l,ro. 11,'11' 11ort3Cit' rrrrlc t'"i Ja

liip5 1.liri..nr elro thil ring tiit nhit nin nulg 16irg hu.rin phLr tlotlg cac thidt bi tr.lo dor nhi.at
rlin -- 150 t . Nrrnr n0ng tton uLia tlri trCn cic rirr13 llu|g sO tao thr\nlt lirp ci.rl c6u. inh hLrdng xiu .lin
fl.lr) (lot lt lt t(- I

Chinh rliiur ni,, r'i do nhiLng kh6 lJurr r'€ ,:iu tao thi6t bi cila phuong phip nirrrt
ri nhLrLrc

n6ng giirr tiip rli tlrroc kiric phqc. nCD hiCn rra, cti xu huortg dirng lori 6t0cla nLrng n6ng gihn tiip

tiln clrti rurt:,r rt,iltg lIrl(: tiip (X. D).

Clhon thiilt Lri irro dtii niriir rhLrc chil li riic rli h di€n ricli lrao cliri nhiat vd tiet diCrr L|rit cria

c3c ong. tliI riI3 (iu(ri Iirrg s it da clr(r. Dieri tich t[ro r]ili n]ii6t tirrlr tlleo pltrrotlq trinh:

_o (v-r4)
d.a/,r

Ir' rt''iu:

rJ: II,rl ,tlti,lt ,.,t 1,1'ritrrlrctt rlr''lrrr)ir' ;'Jrrt l. tr''it:'tu rrlriit do l'rrr darr l€n diin nhi€t il0 dt clrri.

i;cttl'lt.

1;, 1,. ', rr ..r c r r.iriL t. i. r/, r

'rllc "t'
\', Li.Lr 59 1111111 l'11rl l' -il nl l'1 J'' lfo'r lllrLl l1l I llllgl ' '

Dd rrLrrrg n,ir3 nhiirg luong hLrrin phir i.in o cr'rc xodng allrrnirl hi0n clai- ddi hdi phii co di€n licli

rrro clt,i rLlri.it lirn phu liop I'il,i cic rhi€t bi rrung rrong hi6u 6ng.'lrong clidu kiQn shn xuit, ngLliri ta
tlrrroll.1: ciir0i: thiot bi rr.ao dni nhiei cri <Jiu "brii". r'i lrotrg cic thidt bi niy chi c6 mdt phia diLi
Lrng li

lri\n cririg vio cor phia kia thi chul,irr d6llg tfr llo theo chidu tr.uc Ciu tao niy giilp cho
tlrirrr thiot bi,
.,.- .',rr,: \lr.rrs bi ,ri.i, ..rrr:r rfl l,i.lri Jrrrg d, .l.rr, i.ri. ri: irj L.: kll; ci srr khic Illrau irtll vc nlriir ,l, l rr
'lr.r,r r,rr'; crl,rtlliii I'i trro.i ',i Ilhiir rrrrr litli rlr,' rrr .lr l.lrrt
".rclr'

IlrLrin plrir clrur€n d6|e theo orrg cdn i](ri rlttng nilrg thi chuldn d6ng trollg khting gitll giLra erc
ollr. I),: trirnh tirg lp sLrit 1r'ong tlri0t bi rurrrl ri,r,g v:r 6ticla qui ttrirc qui dinh bonl pilttrttg dtrr:tc
t|rLirg lri lilr kci tiip :rirc, rnac liin voi irir i.)rc,i ,-iiIrg cLra clri:rg co.,'d cli g dugc tnlg bi van an
toin.

lr': , r .,,,, .r:,i.r'. lru; , r plr., Lii.lrrr tl.i.:r bi trr 'roc lt,'i ',a ir JiiJ duoc lirrr rrgtr"i 'lirr girr
. '.r,.'.i
tliirn s,]i riLo g irng roi hp s it khi quyin. Nlirinr r',r chri y€u cia thiat bi tu b6c hoi la nltanh chi'n-q
giiint niriet r1,r cira hrrrin Plrir quii nung t|on-q <it6cla xLt6trg rlilrl nrirc clc giai doan ti6p theo c6 thd titn

ll5
lrinh o :rp 5u,rl tlrtitr,:. l\lol liliL-r-r ru klrdc li rrltrrrlr chorrr r:l. lr lr, i crr:, ,1rr r 'ri ir "r r.. . lr,)t. \i .rl

dung hoi ndy s0 L)nr giim rit nhiiu luolg ti6u hao hoi irLrirc.

Khi hda tich li€n tuc, hul'An phi, rluoc'dua vio thiiit bi tu bOc ltoi tir Lhe {iitx vi,r: rlirn li,lt luu vr\
kinr cua b., di6Lr chirrh (hirrlr l8t. l0c i16 tlr:io lru)dn I'lrir oti,e l., plrrr lrl...c r..,.,li. rr t,..r .rr:r l,,ru rr;,
di6n tich ndl tio vi tri ctia kin trong 16 c[ra vdng dQm qLry6t djnh.

86 diOu chinh frinh kinr vd vdng ddm ti6t lLru li)m vi0c trong rrlri rl tliiu l.rrr i.lr,,nl thuin loi vi
clrorrg bi rrrii rnon- (lo do plrri ,.lrr.rc elri rro bing thdp cung rlAe I.i.1r Ir.r,it bir,: .. ,,. l: ,1, I.rr.r ..i,ry.

'l'hidt bi tLr btlc hoi bic thf nhil thuong co kich thurrc ri hinh rian!t gi6ug irhLr ol6le: nti duoc rrang
I'i ltrui rrr l16 plrirr tlrLr gi,'t rlriut bi tLr boc Iroi hrii lr:ri {hinll i.r)ci' lri,'. rr- ,llr',.rielr rrlrrrr,,
lr ,l:.rr"

nh6 hon nhiiLr. Co c.'1u 5 ci phia du(ri thiCtbi dngvio li6u 4 cl0u du,.e I, ru rl r,, lr'-\ i (1,,, rlr:rirthclr
giot birng qudn tinh) tr tr€n thi6t bi tLL b5c hoi iftlng d6 tich giot huyin plrir bi lioi cLr,rlrr thco. No girfil
clto lroi rl th.r. r'',1' r,to.....lr. . .,t ,1,, i trr:: ,,: L'tir,t'1i l! rl.i,, :: ,.,. .,t.: .. , r i. | :r,., ., t,.
'..
lrulirt pltir lr'llr -i- tr:iLt li .r l,'i rriti'-t. tr. i .: : .. :. ,
, r, \:- ,rr. .... .i.' i
alurliu. lluyerr phir riuoc thio rr,. l:la,5ng 1 o" ni:i;r drrrii ciiaihiii';;LL r,. 1,.

IIinh 38. 86 cliAu chinh ki6u hinh kim HinlrJo.l lrir.t bi t'r bi..hoi r.:.; h;,r

116
 Srr tlrl irol lri::?; lri;r tuc L,rlit trorrg 6tdclr

So rli) h,ra thch liin trrc duoc lrinh biy trin hinh.l0. Bor:r pittorrg d.ii lrrrlin plru li,n lLrrrt rao 2

tlri:r lr r,'r.. 1 11 l,;ig tliu rilrit ri lrri. Di gi.irrr hor r.r Jrip ri Ji trirrlr d,lng llr.e n 1'lru klr,'i bi dur
,t,,.Ir. r,'l], il.r,iirL (irL,li r l.i .rr! klri lrin drrorg llirl \d J,i) crrr l'.,m pirroIlS. tir tr.ict hr lung ning

thir lr.ri IrLr_,in tir,L lij \ro dar) bt6cla. IIoi iip suit cao tlu6c klri viro 2 dtocla diu tlrxrc rltra tlrra 6t6cla
d6nr. rlirng lirrr chJ cirira huyon phi.Nho d6 nri trillh duoc khd rlrtg htnin plru rr,r \,ro t,ng din hoi
:ip srral elo. lihi irp sudt trong 6,ng nil gidrn bit ngd.

I{inh -10: So tii hira ticli Lrtn tLrc b6xit trong 6t6cla;

1 r1,:lrrr klrong khi: l. borr pitt,,nr:: J. binh nrLrng: l. lhi;l bi nung n6ng: 5. biulr dirr; 6.6t6cla: 7.
thi,:l bi tiich: 8. bi khLrii chirt; 9. br3 khuiv cho hu-u.,6n phir s6ng: Irrrrer' plru: - - - nuoc
-
nlllln!l:.-.-.-. lri-. i: ...... dLrrrrrgxi.
ir oldclrL tlrir lrai- huy Cn phir sau klri rrrrng nring diLr -siiii lian da cho lin luol di qLra slLtr 6tocla col
I

lri .'r.,r.,,',.r q..r rl':.:r lir r'. 1'i 1,.r. I l ra i r ',.1,' r, r\ !, ' I'ii.' trr b,,i l."rr ll.' ir rlrict bi boc
l,' : l'.r | . 'r . ,l rrts Jr lur:: :r).' ir.r\ir j)hir Iror- lltitt Li rtrr,t:'n, lr! tllu lr-ri.','; l,. r rir tlrirr tri br,c
lr' l': t,,r Lr' i,rrtr,- cltn rlri- t' rlir,g non! tlrrr rlr:,t. ll,,i nlrje r rl,., rlrrif erl,r ttri.r i'i t'.r b,,c lroi bac I
clrrtrc rlirll ciC nrrnt nonl lrirfin Ilrrr ..i,n-! lrir! he i.lrrr,,-r'r.t drrrtg clt,.r cic rnLrc dich lihhc. lihi dung

It, ' , rr,r t

't
,., . riL l .r. t'r l'.. lr"i rlrr Lr.r,g tii'r r.'r, l,, i :,1, ,r.it ,.r,'..rirtrt ,li trlr.irr

So ,l,r lanr viic crla cic inil borrr l)itlou-q tic cldnq dorr (a) r'ir tic d6ng kep (b) tlLroc lr'inh bi1- trdn
hinh'1 L

Iriuorq (/') ti.jn cin ((i) t|onq rilanh (l) duirc trang bi van hirt (,;) ve van tlil ( t',1).

Il r, rr,.' l'. 'rr '... ..l, r'.. .l r l.lri lrirt"rr'-r Ji cl,'rr<n .arrg,'1,',i rl,i Jo i1r 'lrar :'i.rr r,ir. rlr Itirl rr,,
rjr. i.rr \.,r,..lr ,1,'r','1,,: irrr., 1l''r,licr',lir rilrrr,lr. h rr I'il,'lj,li (llll)ar ntlr,. Lr tlrr r,rr. lrirt tlonr:.

con varr ilir rrrrt. clo dit hLnen Pllr ,1 r,r, ,.irrg din. D'li r,,r born l;ic d0ng kep thi rirv thco cltuldn dQng
. rrl,it', .-.l .' ';,rr': r1,i,i111,'. Ll1rri \r, I.tr.ii.

Nirrrr :,irit l! tirul it cria brll tic clons clirn dugc xhc clinh theo c6trg thilc:

- I)l
() -.l7D'],S,
-.1=5()::-' ,!;? ,,t/t, (v-15)

Trortg: LIr.:

1). titrorl kirrh pittong. irr

,! l--rtr',c pittottg. rt

ri sLi i.irg quir) cia truc iiay la s,-, bu.Jrc kip cua pilIr.,ng trorg 1plr

117
 'r

Ilinh 4 l. So d6 borr pittong

a) tric d6ng don; b) thc c16ng kip.

Trorrp cic rrrii; bom tdc dong durr tlrl clri co nrot tiic r'r rrr trtol vong cLtrt
mit cirr pin.rrrv lr'r larrr

try quay r, tfc i.i ct m6t budc "lui" r,iL "t6i" cia pittong tuong irn.c r6i rri)t lln hill vi uail len de).
D6i voi rniv born tdc dQng kep tlri ci: rna( cur pitturry.lrrr lrrnt ril.'ri cir uroi ur. t l''r',: kcp citlt
pittong huydn phi duoc hrlt hai lin vi dAy hai lin.

r.l
tr','
Klri pittorp. di clru;in vi plrir trrr,'e lir Ilr,.alg lrtrlirr 1'lrrr ,trrt'. 'lr,)
'11
Ji l. .\.r'r . "otti klri

pittongdi chuy6n nguoc liii thi ltrr.,r,g na1 la l1D' .1')S.rl'trong clti 11 - clittrng kinlr crirr cin (ar).
+
.:
ojlr)g u._I)l,.

'l6ng th6 tich huy€n phir dugc cliy cli sau I vong tryc bing:

"'' S " 1Pr -11';S " 1'Dr -,1:-1.\-777' (v l6)

4 4 4'
N.lng sult li thuy€t cila miy born tic c16ng kip v6i , vong truc trong nr6t phfrt clrroc xirc r]inh theo

c6ng thirc:

= n0{
4,''4 1J/lr d: ),\n - 11121)' ,l- t.Sn . tti lt (\.' il)

Nang
'rrit tlrrrc t6 it lton ri hnng:

P,, - nnP,, = 47rlaiZD'Sn, n'/lr (v- l8)

Trong d6;

,^ :,
he s6 tic dung c6 ich thi tich, d6i v6i ctc bom nhd, dao ddng trong pharn vi 0.85 0,99;
,
4, -

118
l - 1.0 so l]]ill lr0at .loni: cLla bon ti:tc ikr;rg tlulr giin vd 1,95 - cua 1l(ll)r1ic don.q k'P;

-/- S() \1l;l'Jll:

.9- L)iro! plllort!r:

/l ..1 rn r.: lr,rlr., lr'l' { l']rlll.

Bidu thi.-: Srr ci' tiiS the.. iring rich J0 r,. lt,i t': 0.1 - 1.0 rri'i - virl tdc trtrng binh cua pittorrg

119
C'JIUONG 6

KHLIAY PHAI,\ HOA DL]NG DICI-I ALt r\,1lll.\T

]. KIT.4I NIEM CIIUNG

Dung dich alLrminat r'6ihiirn luorrg khoing 120 - 230 g{;11;C); vr\ a. til 1.7 dCn 1.8 kli kim n;Lr,.,i

Llrroi 70'( sdphinh.r;r dan clr.r rJil khi thi.it h1',1rr,.,q lrxng thii ciin birr,' :'irr,, ,lrrrr; rlich r:j lrr,lr:;l,rt
trn. Nhict dJ c[n ,.lrrrrg diclr e;ii cirt hirg cirrl Ilrrrlr Ilrr erirtg nhierr Alrr rllr. Lilt trlr r i li ,,'' ....tie crlr

dLLng dich c.ln bang och c|ng cao.

|l ri rrghiil cirt clt.,rr ir, Jiiu kierr pltin lr^r tlr.i rrio d€ qui trirrlr rirr lrinlr nlrrnlr rrl:r'.t r.r l.^.irr
toin nhit nhrLng dci hat cia nh6rr hydr6xit k€t tLia kkhdns qui liin nui cirng klr0lu quir b6. i\iLr kOt tire

chc hat nrin vi t€ hirn. neu ke1 tlra nhdm hydroxit r'0 dinh hinh thi cr'rc cong do:Lri srru sC g.rip klrrl l;hurr
cl6ng thoi tlng mil mhl AlzO. r,i Na:O cho bay' bLri vi kh6 ria Al(t,tlr. lr,it kie rr.

l'hdi gian khuil'phin iroa dLrng dich alutninat chidm hon nrie tlriri girr cire toiin bC clrri'r trinh sin
\u:lt:ilurnin thco pl.trorrg plrjp ltalc. Tlrong tlrrrorrg tfung lhuc ti sin '.'r.'r (l.: Lrr rirr l.lr. :, r': 50
Al2Or tir dung dich. ciin khu.'iy li€n tuc dunq dich aluminat tir t,0 i tl0/r co e j,,r thcn niri nh6nr

h,vdloxil m6i k6t tria d0 lr'rm ting tirc dir phin hria.

Llaye cho r.in-g urtii clri c6 thd li Al(Ot1)r mrij kGt tLia vi c6 th€ nrot viii hc'.,p chii dang crirr loi rr.,

nlrrrng kli6ng phrii 1i clrit khirc ti dang btit. Ngurrc Iai. Voli. l(uzor:s:,,r, \'il -\i:!r'c L,icr ico \'r dLrir ra

nhiiu chlit lirm tirng tric d6 phin h6a dung clich rilurnirat,, r'i dLr gcl F,: O. ,r\ ! iO1. ILLLI iiLri rrh, e :re
nrLri,i sit sunfat, bOt nh6nr r i chc mu6i nh6n.

Vriqe vi Ginsberg nghi€n ciru qua trrnh LlrLr,,l 1,lr,,rr h,ia co clro tlrCrn lrl,ilragilit. bo rit. j ,,\l.Or \ i
c;ic loai btirit khdc nhau. 'l'rong t6t cA c6c thi nghit3m, ti s6 nr6i (ti s0 trong Irrong;\llOr tron:'i 1116i Ire n

AI2Ol trong dung dich) ddu b:rng 2,25, ndng dO Alror i 120 g/'1. ct\r: i\.r-{ ) tLrl lj5 ,l-.n l.lrr ,. /. u. -
1,85 - 1,95. K€t qui cic thi nghi6rr dd tiin hinh rhroc tap ho1 trin birtrl lii.

Cric tic gii di clen kct Iuin Li trong s6 cric chit kC trdn chi c6 hlthrrgilii c(i ri. tluiril r;r6i ro rcl1.

'l'nng t6: c16 phin h6a khi cho th6nr bomit vil 7-AlrOr nhin dtroc bing cr'rch nLLng lir.'ilrlqilit tiLrcrc giii
thich ld do circ chit ni;'vin giLr nrot phen ciu trr'rc hldlrgilit hoirr: chfrtq cJriil,6n L.idn clin thinh
irydragilit. Vi vAy, ti.c dung n6i cria c6c chit nil thip hon so v6i moi lr-v.lrarilil srcir. Ciir l,)rnir tlriCn
nhi6n (b6xit bomit), bornit thii.v nhi6t.ri y-alunrin, nhlin drrgc bing cirir nurrg. hrnit rlri c,- tic dLrng

mdi ydu ddn n&c sau i0ll khuiy ph,in hoa c,. lrarr nhtr kJrong they Cdi, trong iLrc rj6 voi r,:ii hyLLgilir
thi tang li diSn 4,3 9.

r20
 Ililg ?8: Anh hu6ng crla cic m6i lihic nhau d6n khuiy phin htia
*
i o. A*t".t11"t, cii voi thoi gian khull' plriin h6a, /r
I L.oai rndi

.i.17
4 ]c)
Ill dragilil 3 ,19

Ilrir-''ril Llo rr'.rr:l hy,1r'rlilil o (sau 9l)

lo()i(l
i,95
IJ(,rrit thir\'rhiit t.9l 1.9.1 2,0
t.l6
1.04 J. t0
i-:rlLrnrin Lio nitttg hltlllrrriIil o 2.6 8

E0()'(l

1,90
7-alu nr il ilr-r rtLttrg bontit
I,E3 1,88 t ,9l
3.72
Bui tiL phir dr6n i i5 3,8 r
3,66

lldxit hl ilraililit An DQ
1 ta 2,98 1,6 8 4,0 0
1,96
Ili'rxit br.r'n iL llungari 1,9rt
1.95 I,96 1,96 1,96
r.07
Birxitbc'.'nr it I [1' l,ap
1,98
I ,94 i.95 1.96 1,96

l(rrzontxor, ll] cdn thu rrhicu loli trrdi kh6c niLa.ong nhin thiy ring cic tlarrg nlr6nr oxit \;i
lrrilr.orir crt tric. iilng khic nh,rLr: o l0'C hlclragilit c6 hoat tinlt cao nlti1, sau dti d6rt bolllit va ^/-A.lr()r

d., tr,rr:' l,- 1...:rlir: i', r rit rlr',r r'l'it-i \il y-.\l ( r. llr.lu (lu'.r\ b-tr- ciclr tlllllF l)olrlil tlrrir ttlrict ctin3 c"'
tiic dun,.r ti,i nhrrng ir. hon so r,r!i cic sdn pLirrr lllrng hydragilit. Tiic dung miri cua corLtttdutn nhdn
cl*oc 1rinI cich 1r;q 51,clrngi1it i 12000C ct)n k6rn hon diaspo: cort corundrtrtr ttltrtt cltL.,c bdng c6clr

rrrrli: rlirr:ri16 khdirg kf,o6u huv durrq dich alunrinlt sau ?2 ir khriil li6n trrc. trir hltllagilit. cdn tat ci
cric da g 11h0nr o:rit !i hKiroxit r:6 lirc dung m6i tliu cli thoi kj.'ciill] ring kco dii khi ti s6 m6i giirrr

lil. \'iii 1i,-it sO lo+i rni,i khon5r phrLi li hllragililhi klri ling nhi6t i]1i kirudl phin htia dLrng clich ddn
60(C thoi ilian eirn irag giail ril rrl ri :u pharr hi'.r tiirr lrinh h,-,in toin hon so voi ti l0"Cj

121
 Bonrit yi 7 alumin nhAn ltuoc tir hvdragilit c6 t6c dulg nr6i khtilq phii cln clrrirlt irol 1,iri td chirc
hydragilit, rrrirr li do chtng kh6ng b€n vnng vd mart nhi€t rl6ng hoc r ij c6 khi nirn.u rhLry0n rhirlr
hydragilit trong didu ki6n khudy ph6n hoa.

Kuzotlexov khing tlinh di6u Itiy bing cich so sinh Jrrh chtrp rorgcrl
7-Alror do nrirrLl hlclraerlit o
7000C vr:r hyclrat rJo phin h6a dung dich alurninat v6i rr6i 7 Al,Ll. (hinli l2). l'r€n inlr rhir nlrit kh6ng
thAy cdc tlLrolg cia hydragilit, con tr€n inh thri hai kb0ng cric tlLrorg cua 7-AIrOr.

{ i,-,lri j clriit ouang 6l;.,';,' ..111 .tr..,i.r crri .i ,, il r\.),,..l,r.Ir: .,:.. i,r,.o,:,
chi ket tlia d dalg hldragilit. Tic dLrnq indi 1di rit yiL: ) o o- .r'i,r.) j(col-lndr)l) clLroi li,Lru i:r1:..ioi
siur
thich li do 1-i\llOr chua bi6n d6i hoin loiii co i i co ;ihl n,l!.r ir.,'.if :rr ir,,e r:-f r F,i(Ol i), r irrr ,.iirs.r,: ,.:
corunclLtnt tir diaspo lhi kh6ng c6 thc dLing nrt''l io t6c i16 chrivCr ,riil c,rl cl i:ng rir.rrrlr i-\ I r!iii; qr::
bd.

IIinh l2: Anh rongen cia 7-Al:o3 (a) vi hydrat do phiin htia crLrng drch voi mi,i Arror (b)
7

Nguc;c v6i nhlmg didu d.1 n6i t'rrcic diy, kuztmexov khing riinh',rrg Lrh nung prr irr l',.i ,lrr'g clich
aluminat chi c6 6 hydragilit vd clc dang nh6m hydroxil vi orit kh6ng bin Yirng Yd rnit nhiCt cliing.
trong tli6u ki€n khuiy phin h6a chirng chuydn bi6n khri nhanh rhdnh A(otl)r tll vri hoat tinh cua
chirng drro-c quydt dinh bdi tiic cl6 chuy6n ndv. C6c hat khonq clrfia hl.dragilit vi tr.onu clung dich
alurninat kh6ng co khi ndng nhanh ch6ng bi6n thdnl hydragiJit, rl€u klr6ng larn rillg r6c rl0 khui'
phdn h6a. Kdt luin niy nguoc v6i nhirng thi nghi€m cL'ra bin thin t6c gii. C6c thi ngli6nr ni'
chung to
ring henratit, crdm oxit hodc thach anh h5 tro su ptrAn h6a dung dich alunrinat. Vi du, snLr jlh
6 60t)C
do Anh hu6lg cira chat thf nhdt ph6n hriy 37,1%, cira chdt thri hai l5,J% vi crjr ch,lt
- rhL.r ba ld

122
.lrl.3)i,. i{.lri elr,r thltrl rnrerritil ltt'itc tlrrc{t thl slLr thtii gian nol tlirr tlrttrg rlich khong thril
cir su phin

1r 1i il lil0 c:i.

ri ,r Irelrrrntit. tlrach anh vi crtlttt rixit c6 it rrhiiLt tic drrng n6i ld do chirng c6 kh'1
I{uz,rrler.ov cho
lrli)ng tiic 1,irin r.rii l:iirn cli lao ra lr.,rlrat h.,.'rc clc hi' clrit;lri'rc. do d6 lim giirn.d r'et ti so
'aL'!l 'r,)t
rrcin khirng b€rt ViLng vi nhalrii clr"r]g
c\itia cirir rlLriu: tliclr rrirr i-.i rrritcria cac irar. rlLrrrg tlir:lr r',iy trtr
giai tlrich nay ci'lr kicDl tIa birrlg thrrc
rhLl) pltir.r clc lao r.l ltYcrgiiit ,. nhtng tinl tnlilli tltLtc, cicil

ngiriinr. t,,ii r,) trr,r;i: itr,:u kiin i:iru5y piran h6i tii ca clc crril
rtii tr'irr lirrrc le ki161rg {ic dlrng Viti dulg

,.i cir aliitttiiriri vir tili ':1rLt;;rl loi ri:rng diclr kii:m'

!i .it n,ii rrirr. co thi coi y ki6n c0a Volf. Kztrttexov

Khrrrrrt phLr 1-1rrr,.; r.l,r cr) chi.tric clLing,,rr.r c-c

li tic .gii.cho Iint clrarrg nhirpg h1 rir rUilil r ri cric thir itinil nir6trr lrl clrox rt
I i Xercbr.e I icor a clir rrg. Ciic

r I ,,rrt i.lri,rr.: \.r:....,..: r.irii.r ,l .i,r'. rrrr lrir,r rr,'lr. \, r:r ,'\it. llr.r'it ;,rrlr. lrrrr hrrjrtll ('r' r(l il \i lilill'

oxil rliLr cit I'lia trirr': lirrrr tiinq 1oc cl6 phirr hol 'iLrllg dicit rltlllllllat

' tr":1 trrttg tl'rtl'! iLLonLl bc rlriii ir bi0rl 'uioi irrd|agilii

linit lorlll liil iiit:'11 r'it.t (rer 'rtr.:ir'l:tipuir 'ir
r'l'J L."t \"'r"i :' rlt-t'l' 11''1 |Ir'Ir'''iIrt' illrr' 'l ' lrirr' cill
'k'i|'
.l..rr,',lt,l .l'..tt .'t lit:
tiILr t6n nlriiLr cotrrl. t ]Lirrrt lrr hial rij rirrl lJri Iirrin irirr tlung cliclr atttrnirrat' cic ltnt rtltirrn h"clri.'rit kel
iri. tr!r cunlr kirunr'. trirr 'rrl loc... Lj cltr li c(rng tao thinh cac tittl
rrtanl
tirir rLrr tii, rrr-, eic tLrL)ng

rrin bi rniit biin Lliiii irc hrrrr.

it ttltiett lllrr l'rtr;, t,.'C d'.'

Iir .l' l.'r Lli;i |'l'icittl',ttt:t.l .ll','..r'' 'I '|]l .!i(ll .llllll]iI|3| trrrl3 1.ltli
girim. dO do clLri tlirrh phin
iiir rir lrYilrlr. Ii\(lrar or rg l:€t tiu thi d6 qLri biro itoa cira dung clich cirlg
:'1 0' ttfong
lrLili cii.lt c6.nt l.i
'1
r,,'g rlrr'i 1i si' xtrlit tr"rc do khuil phin hira gi.rn ddt ngot khi '1.
k'rr'ir Il''r tl'tri I'r' kLlt lhirc roi u ttt ji'litl
r'lj
,r ,r. i , \it t lrt r' : ' I r I \ir''r Ir: rI r i I
'

i I:ii'rr tlrLrrrg rrliat vC co c)re kitLril phil htia Vi Cu. thco Volf tlij khrrii)
phan hr-ra bar'.r
Chua co
.-,. ,.1r..', . .1t:tr,l.: tltt Ilt:tt\I'l'lr: lrl k''\ ttl l'-re dd titnq ian nho c6c tirn dOng tu cho vrio
icic hrrL Iloi) rll tlirir I'ltLtir trdtr'

Al(oll)r. -rlllO chtrlcn l(OFI) 'rll10 r'io lcip h6p phLr cia cnc tirih the
I'lrin phiirr cl.'tiir rrr > .,\'
'

lri,i > l.lrii rrrrrlrr' I vilrrrl > kit tinh.

clirnr u6it lti kct Lirril. tio riit nti qu'6t tlinlr t6c d6 pliin lira thco
-l'ro'rt cric gi.i pltuong
11r:,rr
'ir
trin Ir:

tiL (vl-l)

'frc'n:r d6:

k-Lc:ri ij li:
123
 C - rnric al6 quh bdo lioa cLia dirna dich

I- dign tich cric tinr k6r tinh

n - dd tdng t6c d6 k6t tinh; a6i val pnin l6r cric nuoi ti l6 thuan |rii b)nlr phrLong d6 qui biio hi)tr

Iskolski cfrng nhAn thiy r-ing; vi6c phin irfr1, durrg dich alumiuat c|i yCrr clo d6n1_r tu qrrl,dt Llinh.
Pazuklrin giii rhich co'ch6 khuiy phdn hor frrro c:rcrr khic [2]: anion phrie Aterr): li rn6r nrar
trong m?ng tinh thc hydragilit, md v€ ly thuydt hydragilit chi c6 th€ phin
ly horin toln thinjr rhiinrr cac
ion nay khi cq ki6ng thdp hon 3. Nhung ngay v6i tli s6 costic niy thcQ thtri
gian tir cric clung dich
loing vin ti6t ra AI(ol{)3 do k6t qui ph6n ly cLia ciic nh6m At(oI)i- khonp- bOn v*ng. vi kh6ng trLi

hoat titrlt cta cdc ion OH- du tr.ong dung dich:

At(ur)i + At(OLrl- + OLr -+ At(oH ); + 2orl

'f6ch ion orr-thi khi phdn

h6a td rrop Ar\( )u ); kcm theo s* rrirnr, irop crrit cdn lai, vi du:

on PH.on oH pH .oil OH pH oti .oll

\'/ . \1,/ oll
\/\/
AF-oil
-,/\/\.
,/\
\ \./ /
,/\
it--r)lt | ()lt
#l)",, #l)",, OH OII OFI OII

K ?'i oH.. t'r) 'r'

)1, )t, + totr
.fl>,''f)*
IJoat tinh cia oH trong dung dich c:ing trrip rhi trirng hgp cing phrrr trji1. 6ic io' iriurlS h.p ra
nhlmg nrinh cilia cdc tinh thd h1'dragilit. Giinr hoat tilh crla ion oFI-Iirn cho cric polirne phr.Lt rrie'. rlirr
d€n kich thu6c toi han nri ngodi gi6i han ni1'thi c6 nhi6u x6c suit l.i chirng ri6P tuc phhr tri"^n. <1o licn
k6t cdc polyme nh6 nhon' cdn vi6c phdn h6a do tiic d6ng crla
cAc lon ol I c6 hoal tinh iror*r cl.rng (liclr
thi it c6 khi nang. Niru vAy Ii su phrin ly cic ion l/((tll i-. kt\rn theo sir lrirrg hrrp circ cd, lar.
din d6n str hinh thinh cac tArn k€t tinh bdn vri'g vi sau d6 din d6n 'hi'
sLr kir rLia lrl,droxit. .t, hoet rrnlr
cia c6c ion oll'trong dLrng dich ki6ng dti. cho clc tin6 th6 hydroxrt c. c16 lr:rt ]on ho, so vtii rnrrrr c.
kich thu6c t6i han vio dung ciich lmdi; se l6 tro cho su phit tridn
nhirng poh,rne l6n tre. cric rinh t6e
nay vd lirm cho dung dich trd nen nghdo alumin. chinh c6ch
phit tri6n cic tinh rh€ niy I:irj cho chirng
c6 cdu tnic viy.

lt.+
 lr, r,. ,i,,r .||'r'r .r'r:...'l.. .lr 'tr tirr,r Ct Itr,r, 'ir,: ,liclr l3lr.lir'n]lr( Lrrrr c.lr' tr.r srr plr;it tri.lrr
tidp tuc cira eilc pr-.11'nrc. dung tlioJr tfir r10n On clinlr rri klronp. ti€t ia nh0ln h,vdroxll l&a. Dung dich
aiunrinar iliri bin tutrng trr nltr.r tl,.rng dich qLri biio hoa cira cdc rnuoi. nltung dung dich qua b.io hda crre

circ nrrr,ri cl,t ciin t;lng thii cin birrg sau vii gio. Li tn khi bit cliu k6t linh. co khi chi sau vdi phirt,
trong. lirc do dLrng dich alunrinat sau nhi€u ngdl'vin col xa vdi trarlg lhii cln birr3. d nhi'rg rJieu kiin
khuiy p1i1 hira riit thLrin ltri c6 cho thdnr rrrirn k6t tinh. phlt tri€n c6c ion alurno L! do li sLi

Ii)'dfoxl,{ vi sp kii,r lao uti}ng tinh th€ hy'dragilit tir c6c ion ni1 c6 nhong n6t cira cic phdn" img ph6n
tii, lhrrrrrstiin i-rirrrir citarn hon n6;6n 59 rtli tuoug l,ts gita c6c ion nguo.c diu. 116 rang ld clri rnQt
plin :rli6 c,rc va clinii giiia ciic anion din ddLr su tlirrg lrqp !i sfr hop nhit oirc polyne d6 tao ra mArl
tl rl lr tne.

f)rrrr1:,1i,:li iii,rini:rlt cllirn clrrt diLr cin bdng c,)n clo tlong qirl trilrh trirng hirp holt tinh c[ra Oil
t:.r: 1..r. tr,.. \ rtl ,. .,, lit ,l.l \') \r,n cac l\, i-.rrr. l,l.i k.ir rir'lr l,irrlt rlttt.,ttg tttot trrt,,i tti,.l.lo tir drrrtt

rlicI qrli hrro lto.r khirrg tao lu ciic li,rp chit hor-rc cac liip lrrtp lirr clt.itn tir t.:t stt phrrt tr iin cirl cric tinll

rl'. .

lizonerov [3] cirrrg r:o llriiLrg quan niclt tuong tu r'0 co chi phirt hoa cictlung ich a]uminat.

\lrz, l j
\,r r.lr rrr- rr-..i,i klr,r, c.,i llr.r,l. lrlr.lrr Irorr I,. Lqrri trirrlr tlrirr lr11i11 ri sru,li, kit tirrlr
l.e r
nlrirlr 1r,,,iro:,1t iir:t r:i. NIr'.Lne Gcnrtan vi S,tipctis lai nghi ngo lip lLIarr cho ring k6t tirr nirdr:r
hrJlr,r.,r tir clLrng ilicl; rlrrrrrirat 1a holn toin do thvi phin, boi vi klri nirrg phin hoa cira dung dich
Lrltr;rin1i li,r hon nhiirr so vrii f:hri nin-r fhiry phAu t0i cla. N.iLr Jtrng dich keo thi rrhtlnr h1'dloxlt tiir r.t
rl,r tlirlq tLr s-, l.r;iriirll !..irr 1lr,:o lri0u ring nhi0t rii lit: nhurtg thco Clenran vi Stipctis thiqua trinh khlri)

plriLl lroa frilr tlrci' hicrr Linl tou llri€t lirn ri tirrg ririit iltl cia dung dich, chirrrg to diy la qu6 tr)nh kit
rinh thrr,;. ilrco j kicln cira ho llti rnoi cirng co hai tric clrrng: chc hat nidi.i6n l0n khi khuiy phin hcia.

r'lr l . l'l ; ( ti'rlr tl.! r.,,1i ci|l-,t:ie h r:L cic lr.rt r.,' Ii ri..r).,ltrng rrri lto cu,r cac tarrr kit littlt r,r l;rttr

phin irca rlrrng dicir alurninlt. Dr.r:

tr'irig tirc clr', 1r'irr Llurn Itiini n:ry'. ciic ttlc gii giai thich cic hi.:n
rr".'n' :'r .1... :llrr,r,. ,lp I ri rJrrr.il lrirdrt lt.'.r.

I . I)i lrat crlr hvrh.ox.,,t lim rnOi k6t tinh kliong drr...c qui lon. ;nd cing kh6lg clLroc qud min. Viri
r .,,r kir rirrlr l,,rr.,1rri ir.rrlr k rlr.ir plrir Iroa tiilrr lranlr .lrirtt. cott r,'i rnoi ]r:rt ttritt tlri trry cri Iirtt lSttg t,'i
rl,.' 1'1, 11 1' ,.r i,lrrrn', lrr,lrorrr Lil nriL ctlrl.l c.,,lu h1l lrrorg rtr bhrr do hlt ctra rttoi. \lot Irtorrg rtlto

lr;dro',1r qu ,l,, lrrr lr:rr ,.irr:, Ir.c Jorrl den plrin lro.r 'lr'rt3iclr rltrntirral ttlrrr tnjl lttung lon hlJror-*t kit
rirrlr lr.rr 1,1n. riqrri rrirrlr I:et rirh.li plrit triir r.irr rrrjl Io.ri :rrrii riy klto ticlr ke.,. do do,l.'i lroi si'
lrr'.rrr l,iriirrlrierr l",rr ' \,1i rr",j c.r,li llrt rrrirrde riclt tlrinlr cic',at rir bi'.
5

2. Sau khi lrhLriil plrdn hira ur6t tlrdi g,ian ngin, drrng ciich crii cirng co tic dLrng mii. ri ttong

dLrng dich ni1'c6 irco.

l. \'iii nr6i hlliorrt dnnr keo phin tlil clrirn hort so r'6i mOi ,r&. bdi vi tir rliri siy kho kho tich
lco.
l. \. . r1, l' .lli. ,1.,r" 1.,'pirirr rin ' '-'
I,"ltri'i' r'rni rir l,'
125
 5. \irr dLrn,.'Jich rlrrrnirtlt klrrr'r plrin lria r,-i ha)crit tlit'. rrll dierr ki..r rir''r,'ti,r,, r,,: .r" ltlt
tira h5n ho..p hvdragilit vi ba1'erit. nhurg chLi y6u ld hydragilit. flt,rr rrerr khuit plr rr, lr.,r ' r irldrrrgilit,
'
nhtmg o nhi€t dti b€n vting cria baycrit. thi se tao thirnh bey erit.

Cic tie rir lip luin vi hien trrorrc n:,r rrhrr sau: lrorrg rltrrr: .licjr ;rlr:r:rin:.1 (:i- ir:.lr r,
'r'ii clring
nhirng l6u l6n. gif nguy€n cdu trlc cira clrirng mi cdn i]ua kco r a,r iitrrrg dicl ' i iirljr.,, dLiu lii€n
,, i
khuiy phin hoa keo nay bidn thi'rnh hldragilit hay bayerit. Kco nh0nr hy'dragilit ct'r cirr triic cltrra hoiin
chinh, do c16 di chuy6n sang thir hinh niy hoirc thir hinh khlc. tirv tlret cic,.lirltr 1,,.-n,'ru qtri tlinh.
llol la C3L: llllJl IllL. InOl Oil Oell \tlllJ.

Vriggc ri r iirrsberg giti qrrarr.licrrt klt:c vi rei tro rr'"'i lr', ,,, qrri trirrlt I'ru... r'ir.r 1,",:r,luttS
"u:'
dich alrrr rirrrt. llrco ho thi phil lro.r,Jrrrrg Ji.lr alrttnittirt l:r!lrL trrl, l..t tir'lr Lir,r '1.,, :lr; ltr eitr.
cic hat m6i. Song cic c4nh cLia tirrg tirrlr thi phit triin khirrrg cling ddLr. tl rrhirrr khrr ','uc hoat tinlr
rr€rr bi rr,ir lr,rt rrroi to Iripplrtr .l( (lr.ir Lrlr tl,i su plrir lriir err.r ..it tirlr tlti
.ii r...,, '..r. k,:r qtt:r
elr:lrrr

lir tr€n cic canh cL'ra timg tinh tlr! :i coo Iri rnot so cic tinr lr,rJt tinh chLrrr bi che llrrr lri i'Jri lip trunq
toan bo srr plrat triirt. SJ ltror,g (ir" I:l'l lr.rlr trrtlL qtrrit ,lirrl. l:,:,r trrlr ,lrrrri :.rl r',i ,, r:., loi clo

phan h6a dLrng rlich aluninat tirng klri t,ing t! s6:'a6i.

\ir,irr ,l- rri' l(.,2'rncrL,r u.. -., ':.i|r1 ,iL:.j,:. lr::': ri: lr.-. rr,:
,.. :..:.r,'r :'ji- ,lri.r,
lri

ring Ifonl r,l.rrn:.liirr kifrr 'lrrr:'' 1l.ir L',r'irl ... .;i,rlr Ll', .L P,, r'.. . .. -.,, ,-r ,.i.. l' .] 'irr" ..:
l,;. do.rt r:r rlr.rtrr.'iu.r c:ic lral tt'':.,.i. nltr,'rlt -" ,i ' ' :.r.

Hinh 43. Su phrit nhinh ca1 (a) vd su phrit ddng (b) cia cic l::rt nr

126
 ttiv lLitt hott kich thu(rc trii han tlti cli(tng lr.i'r thinir ci'rc trinr kit tinh Cric di€u
NiLr lhirnq nirLli lr-r

kittt tlir hr', trtr sLr t)hAt 1ri'rl trliirllr civ

saLr 1r'n c'rc tirlil thi nr6i: ti t,j mdi b". niii6t d9 tirip' ti so

.r'. i. tr r .l 'r, "lrcl' klrcnr': l"r' Llrrtir rtlr''

i:\1r plrit trien nhiinlr cil cLra c.ier hiit vi kirn theo do lii stL tao thinh r6t nhiiu tirn kit tinh khdng
lorl trong mot chLI k| kliuil pirdn h6a li ngu16n tthAn
liu cho
kip phht triirr ihirrh nhimg kich thLroc
bt. Khi tr so nroi ltrn thi cie tinh thi phit tri6n cling tl6irvi kh6rlg
thrly tqo
h1.,r1rat thi,.lr phirn cit cl6 hat
d''r hat ltirl'
thr\nir nh.iirlt cir' (hllh'11.6). tlo clo h\drat I'it tira co

i,r/. i,'\,,\ L.r :lr. llrLl\il 1'lr' c lr"tt :'r \L'i gi r tll'r)it re kc' t'r'lr r'r
tir Inoi
( ;ilt ,;, , rlri, lr .rr.-L

trong cite dirng tlicir tlLt:i bdo lrt';r'

(iii thrrl'0t rG keo hal con bi An ri kh6ng clirng stL tllat chi co tiep
clrit tltlLc cira tat ci cho liiSn ttLqrlg qLIan siit
tr,Lc nglri,:rr ,:,iLr t'in dc ili) rrri'i co thc rirn hiiu tltLo-c b:\n

thiw tlonll ritrit t, itrlt kltLtiv piritt lt6a'

2. .f it,tt uLiO,\iG (_'{'.rA ltfic,}'G DIITU IiIEN Kllic .\'H;LJDLT\' Allt': 1).
p{t/iN Iio.,1 I)Liit(i D!('Ll .1LLiA'tl\rtlT
l

ltril tiic iliiLr I:iirr qLratr ilonq ttltiit saaLr tliil':

Iiit,lrr:i iiirLrii;' plrirr l lrLt llrLric r rio
)
r!l
gd
I Nilii;1 LlLrrrg clich etlLttlttttilt

I i'lir:g rllrrlq clich alLttttitrai iy

(\l-r
L ''
(16
t7
l, i ..' sr., cirslic lrr-'trg rltittl-l rlicll trLroc !
.1. l)i rrhrit cLtrr tlurtg rlich \

5. ll,,: liroirr: r'i cllil iir,.rilg r:r'iri ,.-

(r. -l-lr-,i gill vri t,^,'-' cli, lihLrri. F{"
C
l. I ic cllii liri lr'lLl c(".ri cic .:hil tap kh ic.
li. l'lrLi('ng |hip i':lrtrll'Ihin lrria (giirn doan hal liin tLtc)'

(lirc clri tiirr L:o biitt citri qLrh lrinlt khuiy phan hira li:

(trong s:in rrrirt goi trlt )i hydrat)

I . I .-tc ,in l,ltirn liira rhrirq dicir ha;, lir lhLrc thtr Irl drat nh6rlt oxit
tfong nr(,', tlriri -r-iarr
rrltit <iiirh
'. I l. e'tr' It 'lt.tl l:l "lrr' \il
) lr} ra clrt(ic tirrh br'rng kilogltrr trin rlt6l
l. l.liinl srr,it tiriit bi klrrrrl 1.lr.,rr lr,''.r i rr li itrr rr'-' '{l'{

nict i.lroi ,ltrtrlt ti.rh ilollg rlii i :rg,i\f ii0nl'

clung dich alunlinal' thi dong thuoi
Ihong rltrLirrig nhirng cliirr kir:lr thrrin lL;i cho vi€c phi'r h6a
l;ri, nhring t1i6tr kiirr cho Jrht-p lrr drirt ktl Lia c16
cuns thuin lLri cho Vitc tco rn I\y(lret d0 lrat bd. Ngurrc
hlt liin tlri Irt',i cltrttrrl lim clrirrr cluli trinll phiiir lrria dtrtl3 diclr'

l\ il
)
t2'7
(..i', 1't'"'1 lr(r- [.r,11
 Klriuhon clri tJo klrtriy pharr lror t.'i u',..",'.lrir r Lr tlrinh plr.'rr irr., Jrrrr .liutr . ir r,,rlrr lrrr,,,.,,l.rr
c6c chi tidu kinh td - ki tl*lit co bin cfra clc c6ng doan cd bay hoi r i lrriri tirch 0t0cl..

Tru6c khi trinh bAv inh hucing cira ctlc rrhin t6 kd tren din lihuiY phiirr h6a nOI xelr rr.l li.Ljo yi
sao d xu6ng ngLrdi ta vin thich ch6 riO ktrudy phin h6a tJ6 cho clai b0 plr;rn 1lre1r hv,loxit c,i d0 6at rir

60pn trd l€n, mic drl khuiy phdn h6a dii tluoc dir hat hydrat be ric' hirrh nlL.rulr li,rrr.

Khi nhin duo-c nhdm hydroxit hnt min. nhit li r,6 clinh hinh thi si:

l. Gidm dOt ng6t 16c dd ling ciic hat, L)nr giiin ning suit cita c6c thiit bi l:ing r.r.r rri:.
2. Tdng phu tai d c6ng doan c6 bay hoi vi tring luong tieu t6n lioi boi vi tii r[La h€t li6nr rrrng
loai hydrat niy cdn nhi6rr ntroc hor.
3. Lirn chrinr qui trinh loc loai h1'dral ni1'bdi vi cdc hat bi cli qLra r,iri krc cirrrg yoi nuirc loc cilr
cic hat l6n hon thi larr tac vii loc.
4. Khi nung kh6ng hhnh khoi ba1'ra nt6t luor:g lim bui alurnin. pliiri rlLrrl l3i lir nLrng lirn c1o lo
qLrir tdi.

5, Tdng hrr:rng alunti* thanh phan bi bay bLri khi vin chrr;,6n vri cho'r'ro b0 diGn phin.
D€ giii thich mot s6 hien tudng c6 li€n qtran ddn khudy phiin h6a n€l cri khhi ni.:nr .,0 :,rr Lit trllr
. rn116i tir c6c dung dich qui b.io hoa.

Trong qui trinh k6t tinh ngudi la phin bi€t hai n.'ic: tao thirlh nrlin r r) plrht tri3l nrir1 tirrrcjrrrr thi
ciic rnirn da ca) phit tri6n song song v6i srr tao tlrinh cdc mint nrcii. (jirlrrr tric cl,l t:ro ninr rlj tilrs toc
cl6 phrit tritim cria chirng s€ Iim cho chdt k6t trla k€t tinh hat lon vij rqLroc lai.

' D6i v6i khtrAv phin h6a mdi c6 th6 coi ntrLr tip hop cua nhirng nrirn cri sir rhi:.n.r (liiu l;i6n rhLrii|
loi dd cho nh6ln h)'droxit kCt tira uu tien tr€n rnit cira cdc hat nrair. r,(,i :1, tro rlriirll toi llliaLr clic tiirn
k6t tinh mdi s€ dirnr bio nhin duoc hyclrat cri rJ6 hlt trrrng binh.

'f6c dd tao thirrh cdc nrinr clLr.o-c xiic djnh theo phu.ong trinb:

D,=k]U.l',1 ( vr-2)

( u loc do nltJl trrcn cac rnarn thco phuortf' Irirrlt:

f)
u, =:s(C, - (_') (vl_l)

Trong d6:

l(-nesoIr te

C1 - n6ng d6 dung dich qud bdo hoa

128
 ( ninit C0 CirI3 ,lich L'iio lri.'a tr llhiat di) kct liirir

L nrirc rio lien |iil ciic pli.rn tu

r7 - dii nliot cLra iltrrtg cliclr. trolg do tiin ht\nlr ket tinh

.\ .lirlrr L.lt tiL:p rrr. irr,r,trrtt.: Jiclt rii ciri rirtlr tltil

,) - chicLr rliy liip khrrieli l;'rn

rl he sd khrtich t,iit:

RT I

N 3;rdr1

I r.onq d,):

Il lir-',ngr s6 kh i

N s,i i\r'og.a,iLo

'I' rrlriit (i.r tll].1i (ioi

r/ rlLri;irg kirtlL hrt cira chii lihuCch tiill.

I5rr1, IriiLr thirc cua lr0,:r, khrrech trin rir,lrirLrrrLL:: tr r'lr toc tl', plrit trid' nri'i ta co:

1?7S(lr C) (vr .+)

I). -'-
' -jrrl,\ drl

Anli lrrlring cria nhie ( dir

'Ir1rrp.
riiiii rli, cirr rltttlg ilich si lirn giirrr tdc cl6 phrin h6a ri roi thoi girrrr khLtir ph'in lrur clir

r:lr,rn tiri lltr.ic thLr r\l.rl. s[ liirn xLrri|g rnOt cirdr tuong ur]g; lirrn ngtroi thi ra-v ra hi0n tuo-ng nguoc lai'

t)urii ritrlr sing cLr0 cac Uang thii cin t,iirrg cir:r llc \a]o ' r\11o, I{3t) thi nung ntrng dung dich
irl lr,irr.rl ..r n.:ltl,r I.r lirr, ;'i:r'rr .l,i qrr.i lri6 i1.';r 1rir,'rir l'rJrorit tr'.,n; drrnc ,licll. lro Jo d,.'bitt r itttg cua

clrr! rlir:li rr'rl tal': !cn cirng lr.ii nhi€t clc) cr)rr toc J'i phin lloa thi lai giinr'

lirrr tri'g ilil hat c[ra hl cl'at ti6r ra. bo'i ring rhie:t d0 sd linl gianr t6c dq tao thinh cau
-r-rrnit
'6ng 'i
t,.r1t \;. Lltl:' rr,.,1,, pltrt triil eul cltutt.-,. IltLIc rar. rroltg do L ett.t rlttttl ili.lr b;'o ho'r {irrg klri
tirt;

nlricf Co. rlc, clit thira so .!.'': ,ron* phLLrrtg irinlr tiu dc) tao uiirn girin xrr6ngl t16 nh6t 4 cira clung
(. 'l

129
dich ciing giiirn. nhu'ng kiliteng nhiet dil thi dO nh6t ry eirirn nhanh hori cid giunr cril hiiu s,i ('; ( do

do ttic rJd phrit lridn c6o rnim ting len (\/l - 4).

Anh huorrg crrt rltitlt rl,i tli tl,r'.c nghiin ciru trorr.- nhrirrr: Jiiu crr rr'i,'l-,rl,i rr'..:lriir:t. irrrr!
ki,,1rr

nhu d xi nghi6p. cric s6 li6u thuc nglri6rn (hinh 4a) chring to ring t6t ce clc rlung d!ch di rluqc nghiin
cim ddu phin h6a nhanh nhat o 30t'C, gidm hoirc tirng nhi€t d0 deu lim girin t6c dir plriin hL'.'e.

Trrroc kir rrguoi tr cho rirg klri lanr ngLroi drrrr,:,ticlr rlrrrrirr:rl rl.i ..li b.r. r,lrr., . ..r;lrrrrrg : ilrl
lronq lnoi dicu kien. nhtntg cic duors '-ong trdn lrinlr i l clro tl:;i) rirri ,liirr rr:rr cl,i '.:' r,,.l-n iuot .

con sau tlti d6 b€n vlng cLia dung dich I'ri tiing l0n, cir li do d6 nh6t cira cllirn,r rrirg.

\lriit ,1,' c.i anlr Irucnrg lon dir tlrrrrlr pltiitt tlo lrrt ir1,lrrt. lllLlr:rr .., .lu lr:rt l'.1 r:lr,rt l'.ll 1,1 1 ,; l0"t

tLrc li klir,',c clo 0hin hoa l.nt rrjrrit.

() \i rrghiet cic dutt,.: diclr Ittort dtro-c kltrrit 1'lr.in lrAr llrcLr ruLri,lrr ,nl J:r rrlriit r,lr. 'li,,lr Lirrl'
iiclr lirrrr,grroi 'l.irt drrrrr diilr flrtrottg.lr.iJ'rri1 ;lrr;r;1r., Llrri trinh phr,rr lr. rr ti.-.rr ir:,' 1r,111 ;, ,1,r11",li11

vi Irltlrll trlr.itt dtto-c co.l,r lr.rl l,'rr. Klri l.irn nqrroi ,lirr. ,1,. qur Lio Ir,,.r .rrr Ll .,;',,jiclr l.lr.;r, rlr.,r ,li,i
rrrir. hoi ,i rilrorrr lrr,llorrl kil lr.t IiLlt lltc. kint llr.,, rirr,..: tr qo coslic. D 1r...'icir .. r'r,ir'. . l:.rrr lrr,ii
dir vii litn trrc bdi vi gii"rnr nhi€t cl0 cl6t ng6t lirn clro dd hat tnrng bin lr crlrr hltlr.ri :liinr rr,, rr.'.

Khi clron ctr6 dO nhiet d6 khlrif ph'in h6a cin chir

thinh phrin crn t!trrr,:,lich rrr rl,i;i ltlir) rrong
1,

narn. Chd d6 rnira d6ng ki6c v6i ehi.l,-, mira he. \'irltr ri r,rt,-ing nh6nr Iir-ar vd rlira rlirnq hhi khuiy.
phin h6a drrng tlich dLroc li nguOi tir 67 xu6ng.l5rC, cdn lnila hd tL) 62 xLr6ng.10('C: tri xrrrjng r\lcoa cr
Balton Ruz (N,l!) rnira d6ng nguoi ta lim ngu6i hi 74 ctdn 540C, cdn rnirir he tir 60 (lin 54"U.

Ri!

! r,r

4a aa La 1.Ja r:Ll
Nhi\nd6,. c

Hinh 44r Anh hudng .aa nhier d6 vi dc dain thdc th!

,\t2Ol s"u 6Olr lhu:y phan hoa

Auh hu&rrg cu:r nong il1 dung dich alinrin:rt

Khi chon n6ng d6 cr)a dung dich aluminat d6 ti6n hdnh khuiy phirn h6a cin '^rr,t r,lr ii ri. ,,!,iira
suy tinh sau dey:

130
 l. 'l-i :,,, costi. clia dung rliclr pluii birng i,.l i'ri cao lror. 0 rr. niiv thuc thu AlzO. .lnl 5091o vd cao

Iro n.

L hrtirat phai gom chir vcrr cric lni kfch thu6c 50 - 60 1utr.

l. [,rronL].,-\lt()l lav drLoc tir Irr .lLrnl diclr lronE nrut ngu,, tltm khong duoc it hon l5 20 kg.

llr r. Lu n lrU. khi klrrr.i. l,lr .'r lr".r rr san ltt,.rrr,, \l t t lrr.rr: Lrirrh du,rc rrc Jirrlr l,.rng nltiirrg
c(l0g tl) irc -clrr:

,t.,, ,,. .= ItJSo .\ooYo (vr - 5)

.(ct,.r, - a.) il,-, 'r;r' . rg:i; Jerl (vr 6)

1 {/ rxtt

'f ronLl ,i,.r:

C... l,,n{ r'lo li1O.. tg;i.,r'

r thi'ri lirn klruirl phin h,ra. /r.

Ir s. e,rrrc eu(r Llunq drclr L,u (!.,r,) (i nhiqt dd khuiv phin lr6a di cho pirLr thuirc vio rr0ntl rl0 Al2Or
cln dur! rlirir bun diu f'. ti so c,rstir cLra dunq dich itlLrrrtinat c., r,i tlrrri giarr klrLrir 1r]1i11 lr,,.r r. tirc li:

u.,, .,,.f(.(,u",r)

I liir nrrr cirLra tlir so li6Lr rli girii triong cira Irirr tril'. do dti c6nS rhrrc dd ric rlinh '.rn lu, inS Al'Or
(Q) rroi tfirr clri clro tl diic trr-ir1r dirlr lirrh re iltrh hu.in:r (uir ni nl{ d0 clLrng dich.

[)rlr,: ]rlrru Ilrirr lrira tlrLrrg rlic1, rrlrLL rinaL c,r n'inr rl,, Lhr. irlnrr rJLroc trinh bril lrinhirh.l5.

(iirrn r,'rrit Lli, .\l.O; ir(;tn (lu r.r ,lirh b.rr tl,rLr trf l',1 \uor r -1{) g'1 linr talng thLrc Lhrr ,,\11O1. t'r-l'rrtg

:,rrl rrr.r rlrirr , , l.'r'r.l-r l lr.lr lr',r c" tl,i rlre-v .lii klr.i. trlr,rrt flri tr, rr rloi n,',rr! J,, ,rrr ,l.rr,r' ,liclt brtt
,lir.'... ,'| |'.',1,I lt.'i r ' .lr Ir: ,l r . J r lrrrt'l rurc -.rr! r trt,lt ltrtin.l lt:ri rr.il .lr'n r'.ir',''rrit tlri.ll

bi plrin hirl: tiLng rron,i d,l AI:(.r. 11,r11. 111111. Jiclr hen ,f,rrr (( ) lrnr linq ning suit cue thi6t bi. bcii vi C
n.rrr if ..-ir.. \'u.l llu,.\].(' lri :i:.rrr llri tJ'lr nonr Ji.\l t ) tr,,rrr'rlurtg diclt
.i;r:tlr:r.. nlr rii- irrt,
barr cliLr. tiry llriroc ciri niio cr, rrrh hLrrin-q ltrn lrln - t.lnx r rng ,1', n hay ld ldnr girirn thtrc thu Ai:Or
'.U^
rrarrg srrit cirr tlrict bi phin hLirr sa larng hoarc giain +.

L irr r;.r .irirr.r,lr,lrr,ri r r,- rrr'i rrr.,l l) ii io.tic tror..',lr.r '-,licl' b.rn diu ttloli urrr r. irrtit norc
do Alror tiri rLir nri ii do thi6t br phrln hria c6 ning snit:ao nirlt. h.ing 19 neu lirt nlrrinq so liCu thuc

nSI)i( rrr '1.': r,'i i,l. ,lrrrru dicl, ..' iirr.'' r,. r,lrurtg ni:re dlnI 't. klr:rc tthru. Vrri tlri'i rirrn klruii phan

h':.r I.l t. rr-,'. irr n11i.;1 J,rir,'i 't.cit t.li-r.att r irtttt vtnr!',lirt l5val0't

ll I
 * d c6c xi nghi€p cira Ph[p n-qlriri ta khuiy' phln hril dung clich vtii rr, : l.i.] \,i lli0,q 1,\iro.

Khi giinr ndng d6 AlzO3 ban driLr thi thrrc thLr tlng v6i bit ctr,r, l rn drrr niol nh'rrrr lrr,,nq \l:O;
lAy ra tir lrrr dung dich trong m6t ngd-"'' cl6rn thal,cldi theo n6ng rlo Al.r r , dirt tr! s.i t,,i tf.r o rrrot hanr
Iucmg Al:Or nhit dinh. Ty s6 costic cLia dunq dich alunrinat batr diu clrrg ciLo ILtL'ttg -/rl1O. Ii,t re tri
lm' dung dir:lr tfonp InQ( ngal Jinr rrnq nltiiLr.

Nhirng s6 li€u tr0n bing vhi ra phutrng hLr6ng tht;- ddi thinh plrilr cria drrn!. dich tiuLrc thuc tltLt

cao hcnr. Sonr c.in chir j ring khi lror triclr. Ji rltroc Llrrng dieh rltrtrtirt.rt er, 'r. tl:..1 t 1., r.l l-ir tlti

trong sin xuat thuc thu Al;O3 tir boxit se giim xrr6ng, d6ng thoi Init nrjt ,\1.O. kl,i t r. h r rii;L cirn d6

sC ting len.

i ::
1,,

tlinh 45:Anh hu.'nB .u:r thoi Bia. khuiy plr:n h6i, {Jalr tlrLlr
thu AI2OJ tir nh;ne clLrn,:l dlch ban d:u .6 n;nB d6 khil. nh.u

\. 4OC/1 All() t: 2 94e/l A1) A a; 3 I 12 B/l Al2O.l;

4.13O8/l Al2C)3; s 192 s/l Al2O3

iSrlng 2!)

Anh hurilg crir n6ng 116 dung rlich alunrin ban rliu d6n nirng srr,it crrr thi,rt lrj plr.lrr l,r,u vri
tb r_rc thrr Al2f)j

cr. = 1,6 - 1.3

I-uqng I
Lrrolg I
l-uunll
Thu c
Alro.l 'fhuc .,\1103 l-hl,: r',l1O1
lay ra,
Alror, thu AlzOl, thu la! ra, ir(lr, tirtr l,i-,- r'1.

e/l Al2o.r.
tta
ii{L Ir1
g/l AlrOr, kg/mr. sl llir'r r -'.

v. ngdy vo nciy lt:' n,r.iy

o ent d!-nl
oem

270.0 41..1 ? ia 226,8

-1r)
? 29,1 2,63

262.5 47 .0 lt 1 )64 2 01.5 ls ? 30,1 2.91 l() 1,3 | 2,),r

t3l
:. i -r.0 1.1-1 L 79,6 55.r -t
l 81r.5 j,59 159.0 5 6.-l 1.90

165.0 b(i.0 .16. l .1. l2 i 40.7 5 9.8

6 8.1 10.1.8 6l.l 91 ,5

A.h huong cia r,ingl t|-r riuns dich alurrirrrt burr rliLl d6r. tlil lral cira nlr6nr hldroxit chua cluoc

ng6i0n ciru nli,lLr. (19 llli dllo rarng rltr-v JLri l lrg il' ni\ trtrltg tthiitrg giiri han th6ng thudrrg klr6rrg

Ir, rJ rttltlrL-,,r' I ,r' '1. r..l',lr.Lt trrrrrc hirllr ti ,l,r'lrrr klri klruit lrr'in l"rr'

i*h !ru.ii'g,i' ii sil costic cir:r lung 1ic1 tru6c sau 1hi khtril .1in 5tr:r
'ir
' .:'

A nli ltLrong r:irrr r t rlirr khLrril phin h6a tiitrrc lritllr iril'trirr binh -16

Nlru ta t1i1. 1i1rn ri., lirn ti-ng t6c clti phiil lrria dLrng dich alutninat. talng thtlc thu AI:Or' nirrg
srr'il

thidt bi phi.' h6a r,ri clrit liLrr g clung clicir ..ii: chc ciung cllch ril ra khrii thi6t bi phAn htia voi u..; cao

h0 n. Ciiaur o., tr.Ongl cic LlLrng tlich co inlr hir0rg t6t ddn klrLril' phin hoa cliir r 6u trong c5c giir dirr

SrL plrrr tirrr6c r1rila rli cliii ciia hl,tirat |rii u, bi6Lr thi klr6ng. ro liinr. ciianr ai khi khuiy phAn lroa sc

lir rira hyrlrrt cri rlrr rllrlt bd hon. Cii thi ngirzr clidrr niy' bing cich bit diu khudy phin h6a I'trr
'girn
nhiLng ciLtnri cliclt iin!l lIrI irrrr vi tiltg nhi.^1 clLi bltn cliLr cia dr.rrlg.li,. lr sc grLrp clto Stl plllt tt ictt cLta

t: - it:l lt''lr,'t.

V0 alh hu91q cira tv sri coslic c[ra clLtng t1lclr cni, co ihi! phin clolLrr tlreo {luong cong tr€n h]nh '17.

lrinh drn.c cLrr cluinr cortg kh,ing ph!t thuQc vrio rrrlrg c16 cria dung clich ban diu, d s5 costic' d6 chOnii

lich nhr6t d6 r'i cr'Lc tliirr ki.:n lihic. Duorg tr.,ng co ,lo tloc lol o thdi k! diLr cLia qud hinh klruAl'phin

Iriia- saLr tl6 sii.rt (lin.

lll
 ;
-
i

o lr 13 t? 9a t)c
thoistan ph.ln hdn, h ?l
rhJifi.n ph;n Jn.:, niiy
filnh 46. Anh hu'ong cia o" ddn khujy phen hoa
dung dichr 1. o. - 1 2J ; 2..r,, - 1.15; 3. aa - 1.65; Hlnh 47 Ouon€ bl,ra d,i| lhrrc riru Al2Ol
4.ar: 1 81; 5 a,:2 28
le1^ 1r Lh .:Lr v, ,. . .i . -
'.,r

Ngiy cliu, nhiBu AJ2o1 k6t tira du6i dang hldrat nlrit. nhing rrgtl rie p rlrL-o tlo fiing tlLre thu r\1,1,11
girrU dirr:,r,r' hb ,t ,1t .,,,. Tuorrg unJ.,r,' rjrrr tj socosric,rlr ,r,.rr:,,ri..,r crji.,J,i r,,r rrr..,r
dtrlc dich ban diLr tli cho, co anh hu6r',9 xiu ci6r vi.rc :Li clung thi tich cLra tlri€t bi pliu [r6a.
rrrii circh
khic, ting thoi gian khLrdy phir htia s,i ldm giinr ning suit cira ctirg doan ni-r,. i'ilirrlg rriu lral
chi
thdi gian khuiy phiin h6a thi o.l, sd th6p, di6u niy'cloi hcli th6 tich dung dich trrin lroin cin
tli hr)a rac;r
i tdn boxit trong ot6cla phii nhicu lton, tuc li linr giirnr kllt niing sri dtrng otOcla.

Nhu vAy ct.l; c6 inh lruong nguoc nhau d€n nirng suit cia thiet bi plritn 1r'rL \.r !il:r rrt!)clr.
r\\r.n-q
ndng suit cita thi6t bi ph6n h6a ting nhanh hon ii sLL gidrn ning suit cua 0t6cla
n0rr thoi giarr hda ragr
kh6ng clutrc ting vi I! do gihm hoat tfnh cua dLrns clich turin hoin. Djeu r:i1 cti rlrj triinir tlLrgc brinrl
cich tirng nhi6t 116 hda tach. vi dLr v<'i dung dich tLrin hoAn c6 n. hang l.i vl j,i). \,,i lhi(t,1,.r lii 22{J
2250C, b6xit hda tach t6t horr ld vii.i dung dich hrrin hoin co cr. =.1,3 vi'r tr nhiLll
da) l()-rr,C. Do do rin!
tttattlt tliltg suat crla cong,lor111 [1111i, phAn lroe rrrrr klr,-,,rr Iarn lrui ilul c, r.- ,l .. l lr,,:r t.rclr, c,r tlr< ,1,,r
cluoc bing cich tang nhidt c16 tlong ot6cla.

Khi tinh todn anh huonB crrr,-r,, t-t6nnAngsrr:it cirr ,,rOclr vi tlriit br rj:
llrirr lr,.,r,.re r,i:i e.,i lr,. .,
siL dung ot6cla vd thi€t bi deu td t00% vo.i a, = 4,28 4,3 0 (bnng 30).
-

13,+
 llar'.' r0.

Anh lrrrdug crir d'sii costic cii:r dung dich tuin hoirn tl6n nang suit 6tdcla vi thi6t bl phAn
h6a.

(1 dung dlch tudn hodn

da llch
3,0 3.5 JO ,1,5

/ /,g bo::it 3,8 1

j.i)6 2,12 2. l5

,:o
Sir dting 6l,rcla, 70.0 81.5 93,0 100 104 1.16

n drrng dich c5i

Khtti,l'plriur lrtia
l,s6 3 57 .1.28 4.7 0

t-_--.
i SLrit thu
_
),. A.iir; ' rig,ir' ,riilt
hii .\1,o, 6E.l 46.)
I.,' I 23.1 ll,u l l,7

dunil lhi!1 bi phiii ho:i. I3 lll

I '2?'

106 r00 6i
5u 9t,
I i2.1

L-
llirn 1ei r.irrg. lfrc rinh du Lfigng chir -,- d6n i1o tirng Irr6ng durg dich 6 c:ic cong doan klriro klri cl.,i,

thi1... ciirt rlrti iirng lrrong ticLr tLin hoi r) cong doau hol liclr b6xit vd cong doan cii bay hoi dung dich

nirom hyclr,rrit. thi srl hi0u bi6t ci,rr ughtitr nrLn. Chi co Lhi- n,ii rarrg n0u trong qui trirrh khLri,l'phin hoa

cri hi6n lLrurrg lrydrat kit lira Irll bc tlri klti tirng c.., loai hydlat 1ia,\ lfong toAn khoi se turrg lin. do kio

rlii tlriri ei.rn khLril plurn lrr-ra. I)iiLr ni1, c6 th6 khing clinh bing nhirng dnlt rhLrp l( ti c.ir ttriLr tilt6nt
lrrclrorit liy,rlucrc Llri khuiv pirin hcrrr rlrrng dich alLrntinaL co cltit.r nrot luong lon cric clrirt hLtLt eti, lAnl

clr,, ll' rr' r,lr, rr krl l.r,r lr.rr l,(1 \l'rr eo tlri tlrir ,lrr"i tlerr l' ,rl' 4S. t;rng llroi li.rn llrt, rl plrarr lroa

crlng tLlc li trLng cr.,, tlri cic lrat nhrinr h1'clrorit giinr khirng ngitrrg

135
 IIinh 48. Anh t6 vi c5c miLr hydrat khi khuiy phdn h6a vrii rrhiine thoi i:ian khic nhlLr;

lt) nroi; b) sru I /rgr?.) d,lrrr; c) sau 3 ngdy ftnrcl) saLll ngrrl,ritrlt c):;ari 5 t tgit.t: diut

Anlr lrurirrg do nlr6t ttrorrg tloi

Kho xdc dinh truc ti6p he sri cld nlrol cua clung dich. Th6ng tlruonq cr'rc dunlr diclr riLrrrc so sr'rnh voi
nhau thcu('Ji' rrlrUt tu.rrrg tl,ii

1_= vr (\.'i- 7j
n,, v,,.t,,

r rong oo:

n,, T*
.1,
- trrong tmg d5 nh6t. t i kh a'i va thrii gian chay cira nLiri,.

4, /, t - trrot)g irng d6 nh6t, tj khoi i.i rhoi gian chil cin ,luirg rjich clem thir.

Nhimg sd li6u nghi€n crm v€ inh hLr6rg cria nhAng di6u ki0n klrie nhru di.rr .l,t nh6 t cLra chc dung
dich ki6m vi dung dich aluminat cho phdp di ddn nh&ng k6t luin saLr cliy:

136
 diu: dh 120 gil
L llfr ljrot ciLa cic, thllrr] riich kiinr l:ilrg tiiro hiinr lur^mq Nalo
kh0ng c1i;ng

Iron tili lai tnng dot ngot

Na:O dQ nlr.'r cirrr circ tltrrt!1. dich tartg eltitttl rrlrLrng i' nltriog n'rng tlo cao

l-l;U nluu thl (lurrg dicir kidrl costic co do nhot bc hol dung drch
2. C.irng m6t rl6ng tl6 tthLt

Nazo thip su kh6c nahr'r vd il6 uh6t khdng l6ti hut nhung o
ki€nr cacbonat (natli crrcbonrr) t) n6ng dQ
gAn gip 2 iin clung dlch
n6ng do cao hon 200 11? Nero thi clo nhtit cira ciic dung dich natli cacbouat
ki6nr costic.
d;i thi d6 nhol cira ilung dich liSn hop ciing cao khi ty s6 n6ng dQ
3. Voi nong cl6 Na:Or,:,," kh6ng
qtri t6c cQng rni
tlutrg dich ndy c6 tl)d tinh toin theo
Na;O...6 tren NalO. cing lLin' D0 nhifl cita c'1lc

khong c6 sri
'i' lclrl o circ tiung dich lo'ing cl. rr'irt giinr
1. 'flirg rlhiil1 d0 linr girirn il0 lhtit cirrt chc dtnrg dich ki€n'r'

chu tltrtrlr Llich nirrrg d9 cao' cld nlrifi giinl nharlh khi dirrr notrg'
cliaru. trlrLLng r'r
kiri t.irng tr .,, cr)stic. do litt'] tlirttg rl" Naro'
i),1 lrlrrit ci|lr chc cjrl1r{ ciich llumitrat trng lieo
tLLc
5.
\l rl rrlr ritl r:it' tlr:tt1t tl
\in ;. t)-rl\'lr lr'll J' \l.n \llrll ! ll(ll tl 'r"r rl'l i"rlll
lr'tlrr'
ltt., '1"
cira dLtng
l)a xic nhin ]i I g All(-)' lim tarlg dri nhirl
rron,l rlrl Nrr:l). thi st cri Iri':rl tirorlg r)lluoc lai
.l'.lr r' Ir,'r' I r'\'r ()
'liL cii,: lil tirlh rrluoi clic clung dich quri bio lloa (\'l - - l) rirl ra k0t
2) vlr (VI
lrlltttrtrg l;lrrh
cLra

ting ti,o alo tao thinh c6c tinr tninr, llhung hi lanl giin tt'c rlo
lLrir li titup, rlir nli,ii iLr] dLurs tLich lirrn
::iy ra hicn ttLong ngtrlc iai. Do clo co tild cli'iLr khi6n d6
plrht triarr cLia ch[rn.!. corrl i:iarrr dr-r nlrrit thi sc
do ilhrit cira dung diclr' Vi du' khi giti
1,,,t ci,,r ,,1,6',, h.,ijftr\)r vri toc.1.r phirr hoir Itirrg crrch lhttv d;i
dich giirn
Llung rlich se lirn cho d nhol ciia durrg
trrlttiitl ttLrtri; 'l' '/\lr()r nitttnrl'li/tttr tj sii cosric cilr
ri ngur,c Ili.lliirr lir" ciittg ril talJri rhal cl0i nhi'ltddtisocosriccirrrclLrrrgdichnrivdngiirngLr)in
cLja cio dtrng dich
rrt-lrlii il6 co Anh hutirlg cl6rr 116 nlrtit
nillr;l r1.i |Ia:().' lilrr ti sr] c.,siic tthtr niratr tili
l ILr trt itrrti.

tlriilr 'rttlr i'rt' tr- e trl 'ic cll'ltlrlr'i ll:rlii L ll'l\'llrilr' rl ill tl
l:'11
).lrtr"1 r' I .il l' ) .'rrll 'irlp r'r:ri
cacb'rnlt vi
llliLt fo !l!in 1ihLri.,,plrirr hi:.1. ri clrirng llra\ (lai (1o ttlto'. crla clic cllrrlg diell alltnlinlt Natti
rl.r,r lriit lir cric clril iiirrr cL,. lim ta,.g cl6 nhrit
oira cic clung dich. ,.],r rlo |hii lirl tirrg tLrc Jo tao thinh
hrt thi phii giim nlQt cich ttro)rg ung
trii| cira clrirng; cdn dtl
,,.ic L^rr:r i.rit ti|rlr vir giirnr rirc ct6 phirt
a]d cho th6nr clc chat hiru cc xiq
f)iiu rrirl tlu..rc cio tiii rtgilrcnr klrLrAy plr6n lr6a d.i[g tlich alLrrrrinat
cLla c6c chit nriy rlg hat ciia nit0m
nh{ti Cl;ic inir td ri (hinlr '19) cho thi)'ci)ng t'nlg hitr ltLong
h1 clro;'it cin3. giirn.

rinh htr'6rg crta chit iuong r:i s6 luolg m6i

holt tinlr trr0i cira Al(OI1)r phu thLrOc viti thii gian vi Piruorg PhaP
Kirrir rt qit lcrll xlic nltltt r;-rng

hat, har li bi rn'rt rieng cira rn6i' r'do nhirng clidu ki€n k6t tLla nr6i,
bio qLrin utdi, r:'to ciLt 1r'ltc r,ir c10

trong do cii nhict d6.

131
 lloat tfnh cria nhorn hydloxit nr6i l(6t tira dirng lirn rrrdi lor hor rrhicu, so vrii hydro:it ,:lii kcr rLr.l
liu Dudng dudi cLla hinh 50 ung v6-i khu6y phin h6a clirng rn6i nhdn hl,droxir dir 66
li1. cr)n ducrns
trdn irng vdi cing Ioai n6i niy nhung 1.ru6c c16 cluoc xri lj bing ki6ir cosric. d rhi nghi€nr diLr sau 20
I khudy kh6ng thAy c6 str phdn h6a nio ci: thoi k! riy. goi lA rhdi kj clnr Ling, tiiil hinh cLra qrrrr
trinh ho4t h6a bing ki6rn vd ting kli niing hip phu cira rndi. Sau thoi kj caur irng L'r rloi 1;) dung dich
rluminat ph6n hoa voi roc tlo gi:im tJin.

.18

3.5

l'1
4.2

1a
2r
t.l
2
i-i
, 1A
..f- l

0 10 l0 l0 .10 r0 611 jal 30 9C 11lrl ltC lt{

IhdrgiJn phin hd.,h
Finh )0. fnrc t
L I Lr"l l !hr .huay prl1 .

voimii dd liu {1) vir vdi mbi da drdc hc.r

h6a {2).

O thi nghiCm thir hai, thuc td khdng c6 thdi kj,cirr irng. Trorig nhit.ng ciiirr Iiien ui' tj,so c.s1ic
lang ngay sau khi cho n6i vAo vi ti6n hdnh rdt manh, clirc bi€t ir gi:ri ciorn ,i:rLr ,licrr rrny c.r rirrh hLrcrg
den k6t quri cu6i c ng cL]a khu6v phin hcia: sau i20 /r rhuc thLr AlzOl lrj.19.l%:ro yrli j|.l9lo 6 rlri
nehiOrrl thir nlrit.

Gcman vi Stipctis ciro rirng nh6rn hydrorit rhin tlLLo-c hoic xir i! ti nhiCl tirl cao lrrrrr nlriit clo
khu6y phin h6a s€ co hoat tinh mdi th6p hon.

'l Irco Krrzonexor

tlri rria Irer drrng dich cdi jirn ,-lro rrroi gilinr lrort rirrlr r i \ i\ lr\ dro\il rrroi elri rrirr
loo chir kh6ng n€n rfra (*). Keo nh6m hydroxit c6 hoat tinh rn6i l6n, linr rr,lg d6t ng6t tilc d6 plrin tioa
drrrg dich aluminar. CIrr rrrr 20plr khLriy phirr lror. roi R sO mOi t:r 2.i. ., rir, :.3hicim rIri llrir t; .;
costic t6ng tu 1,75 ddn 2]1 vit 6 thi nghi€m thir nhit tj, s6 costrc tugrrs irlg ir\ 3g vi ,10%. 1.rong
nhung di€u ki€n khu6y phan hoa tuong Lrng nhung voi la nhom hydroxit kdt tinh thi rrong thoi
'noi
gian niy cr. ntri chung kh6ng thay d6i. Song, khu.iy phAn h6a r,6i rn6i li i*cir.oxit dang hc.r sJ nha.
duoc k€t t[ra cing dang kco, clo d6 phuung phrip ndy kh6ng th6 dirnr: clc tiing t6c
d6 phir h6a ciune
riich.

volf vi Aizenberg cho ring cin d dang nh'nr h1'droxit t€ vi c6 kfch thu6c tir I ciir l0 larr rnr hat
khi khuiy phdn h6a kh6ng k6t tria hydrat c6 d0 hat thich hqp. Cin nhdn rnanh ring clc chi rieu khuav

r38
plrrrr |,i:L sa frlt iiilr rr,,.r, rii..ri ,l'.,'rr ihir yrlLr clic Irrt cri licir'.llui)c tntlrg bitrh (i0 60 ltrrr) Id giiri harr

,lrr i 1.r.. t;.:r',1 ir.: fir, I,,rt r"I Ll,j, ll .n ri'i | 7r,rt.

,') \l. i. Ko1t1 rr'i,i r\'r,,:r ' r,fio1r lrr ltrt r11 l,icl,.' ritrgrirl kiirtr s, lir r lirrr lloat tinlr rrr,'i erl.'
lr\ ' ll ll

DC cri !.hhi nifi1 r i kira lring phrit triin cire lrirt nr 'i s.lu Inot lin khuil' pirin htia. gia thi6t rilrg 1i
,O ,n6i binr; 1,0 vi thrLc rhu .\t.O, bing 5l%. t)i clon g.iiu. gii thi6t ring cic h4t mdi li nh&ng qu.i clu .

bang nhaLr li toin b0 rrhdrrr h\choxit chi kijt tira thirh lirp diu tt€n bC rrrit cia cic hat mdi. Trorrg

thr'ing tliiu lii6n nril' kic:h 1llr,-rc cira cric qui ciu brrrt tlitr tirng lin r l eo rlri r:ic llinll tir dJlg thLic sru:

hrr lr r1r, .= l.l5J, :

/::, ()

l-fr'n!. rl6:

alr, rLit,nll l.linh lilni: bi;rlr cita cic lr,tt kit tire s,iir llltikhtilil phin hua.

J,,, tlr,. r" i.ir.,, I r.:,- r\' | \,t.1 ..1! ll:.,1 |L,':

\ i r.,r. t.-rr rrlr.. Liilr .lr L itrtt" bitrlt , trr,.,t. I' t r','ii li rlti :rrt \lri kl,tr:lr I'lrirr lr,.'.1 cic lr'rt
rtttr

I1,lr'rt i, ' , i r t.,r r: ' | ., r,| t1rttt., I i'rlt ll1.,rr:' ,1rr.i l.l:7rrtt. ttl.l lo.ri lrlilrrt rt'r1 klruttr'tlrr'.ll ll'.il'choca. eotrr:
'
cle.rrr sarr. ll.-i ri;t kicI ilrrrric r1Lr11g binir cira cic lrrt h1t1r'at Ii60 1utt. rnoj cin c6 kich thucic lrat trLrng
birrlr gin 5t),rurt. C.in clr{r ! li ilorra,lieLr kr''rr 'Lrr \ 'ri l rirj ''t rnoi khcilrrg 1"1 L'fi kh0ng lry r'ongl

crrc lrrt rnrii cti ihi lirn lcrr r:hjiLi chi snLr I chLr k., l,irrri; phirn h,ie. N6Lr nhLL khortl co srr Iicn k6t hat
kicli thrL.ic tlrrrii: lrlrh cir:r chirirq sau I clrLr k -,i klrrril, pltin horr clri cri th6 tr-rn! l0n 159'o' cic hat h,v-drat

clrr lrin lcn iroirlt tilir s,LLr nhi6Lr lirr rLriu ir,lirr ir,rn1;qriri irlnir lltrr.ir 1,lr.,rr lt,.i, \ltLrtrq h'ttlt thLl{;c tltrllq
blnlr ctra cric hat lrri c'r tlLi giirrr rliir n!')t lrll'lq I t:lrii ki khLrit Plrirr h" r IiitLr rr'rr hiL lrLrir' fhritheo
{1(,r rirn lll,rl rlL,lt.rL atr. lr\(lr'.li

|iirr tr,rng tlrrir iliulr ill r.n ,linlr lri nhirn tlril cir sLt tiug hoic girirn kich tlrrrirc trrrng birrh ctra eic

haL lrrrlrrl tlti 1,.luri cip lrlc tidn hunh nltrrrp hr, rr prrrl, rrlrint plLtrc f,i,i nlriirrg diiLr kiin dli cho. clC trirrli
:ii! ra piriLtr tap lrir cho hori rl'.rtg cLra xi nlhiip.

Iirng. lirirc d. tiiir ra tir:r r]i, ri klti ir;iir5 ph:iL tr.icn t6i r.la cir c:ic Lat kich llrLLtic trung biult sau

rni,l lirt l:hrrit 1)rin lrr'lr clri rlriirr-t tr.rrq r!iia lri.'ri ti si' rr0i bin3 I ri tlrrrc lltu /\i l). b'in51 51"o. Dtriri
clrlrt lir:.l clrit. clLr,rnlr kinh tiLrnq binir giLii llin cira cltc hat sau khi khrril phin ircia (/^',) c6 tht r.ic
rliirh plrrr tirniic viio dLrirng kinlt tr trng hin lr . ir.r crc Itrl r'r.'i (,{,, t. I lieo c6ng tli[rc:

I ll
.l I ,!1!-- L (vr - s)
'"rii'' "
I 1l SO l1]Ol

139
 -lrong
d6: 4 - thLLc thu AIzO3 sau n6t lin khu6y phAn h6a. tinh l.ing phin cirr don r i

Cdng thL?c nAy chi dirng v6i dicu I iEn s6 hat rui kJr.)ng rhrv cldi trc,ng khi kiruil prhin h6a tfic li
qud trinh ti6n hdnh kh6ng c6 su tro thanh cic tarn kiL rinh nroi, cinq nhu lih6ng cii tip hrrp ciic hai
:, .
riroi vA loir
,:
ho rrlrorn hydrorit kdt tirr trdn be rnnt cua cric lral rri1.

N6u nhLr thlrc thu Al2or vin lir 5296, nhrmg g so bing l,-1 thi duong kinh trLrng birh gioi han cua

c6c h?t ktit tLia sd ld;

ri," - 1.,1d",

li crc (crin iu,/rrrl (, .ili

Tuc lret chi lon thirrr ". \'oi do lrrr binh tlrtrong cirr moi
100
',rrorrg:rlrrrrrirr
ti so nroi ,.lao dong ti 1,4 din 2,0. Anh hLrong cira !i s6 nj d€n khLriy phAn h6a clung dich him lLrong

91 I l3 g/l Al:0], u, tir 1,77 d6n 1,86 r'a nhi€t d0 tir 60 d6n l6t'(1. dLLo-c rrinh bii! rfen lrirlh 51.

I{d rairg tdng ty s6 mdi lam tinq hic do phan hoa khi iuung ,n0i it (ti 16 nrr)i .: l): r,rii r,v sti m6i > I

tlri do r:irrg toc du plrin hor hc lr,,-'rt rJtiiu. r irr.:c ti Cirrsbcrr nlrrin drru. nlrr.rr,: kcl r1rr.i lr,'i I.lric. klri
khuAy phAn h6a c/ic dungdichcohirn luo.ng 140- l4594Na1O,;,,,. 1l0g7Al3O..rr, tir l.q dcn l.0 vii
lha) doi lj so rrroi tir 0,5 ddn q (lrirrlr \lt. Cic ric gia niv nhin thil roc ,lo phirr ho: ting rd ret clring
'. ;
nhring voi ty so moi bd, md cd ti so nroi > 2.

140
 -r-':
-*- l

'-i
-"t

Thc!8nn phii hir,h

ir l,!1/irlrl'!!nai,ri!iiiii, io : !.aiflr..i 1312 15 lil li

t,lr I lt.. iL ,,t i at
r ii.5rn;l,,lll I L,r 1a
-4*1 -{-2 l -*'r !

IIinh 51. .\nh huorg cL'ra srr thal'ddi t1'so Ilinh 52. Anh hu0rg cLra srf tha) d6i ti s6

rrr,,i ,lir. r.'. l,' l,ir.irr lto.t cirrr': di.lr: L ti '.', rlii .r!in loJ JQ phirr Irnr dr,rrg.licll: l. li s6

iloi ..,i.,r: .1. l.lt3. i.0; i.0,1;5.0.2:6.0,1. ,,,i'i .',, 1.4,5;.i. i.i:.r.1.25: 5.0.50.

Sonrs 1,ri clrunq. \,irge r'i Ciinst.cr.l rlii nhin ttitoc nhfLng chi tiirr khuil'phiin hria clo khic thuong
cLr i rtii rliqrg rlirlr co rhirnir pltin dJ cho. VJ tlii hirt cria hyclrar r|) khi tj's6 nl6i cao. h1'ch at c6 dd hirt

ldr. cdn !:l,i q so 1116i thip thi kich tllttiic tnrng binh cira cic hat giarll xu6ng.

I'i tr, .r,i ntii lii

lttn. Kht lr6rr rloi kh6ng r[ra voi chrng dich thi ngoii hldrat. In6i corr rnang theo
mor the ricir 1i1 cio dung dich cii. lirn thal clOi thirnh phin cia dung idchj barr cliitr: n6ng d6 Al2O1

tronq (l1n,r tlicir gir'Lrn. con cr. tring. lj.s6 nr6i cirng lcin. thlnh phin dung dich ciirtg thal'd6i rd r€t.
tfong Ihrtng kidn nhu n]tau. tatng ti sti nr6r lriur tdng t6c dg phin hria dung dlch, nhrlllg tirng G. lai lirn

ginnr toc ii,) ni\j. \'i ya). s0 lih|ng dirnc niu ngiri ring Lic dC phin hoa dung dich lLL6n lLron ting rt-'i
lui'lrg nr,ii tlri ir1 r.,rng li,rl nhiirrg dieLr kiSr khLriy plrin lroa nhit rlinh sd ttLcrrrt LIrrg yiti ln6t
clrr. t Ll

l-r s,', r., i : i 1..r. 1lt.,t ..lirrlr. lrr rr.rr ,lo l"r Jj plrirr h,'., Jrrrr. liclt khottg liirv. {-, rr:' ltinll cua
I-iapLrnor rir Kl,lntogotr:cva nltiurr rlc dinh girii han niy

lriLr',., ..,...rc t.,- c r r .l ' rj r lrlt.rrt dLrrrg diclt :rltrtlltt'.'l t ll hur itt plli r.r,'i Ill 'lr,'tl uong
i , l: . ,rr: ll r .l

d circ xi !rieP alumin. Tnr6c ti€n chi ughien cilu inh lrrtdrrg cira q s6 mdi var ca]c tlral"diii kdrrr theo,
sau rli nglriL:n cirLr iinh lrudrg t6ng l:rrp cira tit cii cric tlieu ki€n lihirc

I)tii rrli dirng.lich co hl) t lutlng tir 122 rl6n 112 g/ rr-a:O., .r. -- l,bc) r'i 1.73. tlrrrg rrorrg Ll,'' Na2O"

(.\( . r'.r.ri:'/l.rrtclrollttr, tltrt alrttttitt klri khu,it ptrrr, lrjr:iirn di 0'lloo c"rr klri ;rint none

do NrrlO. tiri nrurrc lai. vi I i1. c,'l rhi bie Lr thi bnng iong thirc:

ArJ : :rC', ,,,,, = r0. I l%

14i
 'frong do:

Aq - su thal d6i thuc thu Al2Or.

Khi nghi€n ciu dnh hu6lg cur ct,. dcn thLrc thu Al'O. tronr nhirng girii hel hl)m lutrng Nrl(). n6i
tren. cing xit llrl rluuc slr pu thrr.ic rulil tirlr:

4q - xz.e"k
0. 1Aa.

'fy s6 rn6i (n) c6 dnh hu6ng khic. Khi r:rng r r& 0,8 d€n 1,25 thi thuc thu Al:Or r:ira quir trinlr

khuiy plrirr LA,, -AjL Iing 0.65 0.7',0. tinlr rren nroi 0,1 t1 ',' rrt.'i. !,,rr lro'r! -iii lt:r ,: rrl i.2i Jitr
0. 1 A,r

1,6 thi chi tlng 0.25 - 0,26%.

'frotrg
nhilrr-r{ thi nghi0m nd-v' - d0 giri cho thrinh phiir cira dLrne (lich kh01g d6i yi clo d,r loai b6t
nhilng biin c6 lhiLa thi tnrcrc khi tr6n r'6i dung dich alLrrninat ,lucrc fLn bint cirnq clLrr.:t riich niv.
'n6i
giji l,in no lrcr. l\ 51, rrroi r.r tlrirrlr nlrlrr Llrrnl Jiclr rrlrrrtrirrrrr r'nrlr lrrr,rrl
Cllo rirlg. trotrg nltring
theo nhiing he sd da x6c lAp, Liapunov vi Kltolmogorxeva rrit ra c6nl tliirc seLr clir'(tic
ilii shch niy
c6 thay diii m6t chirt) dd xic dinh inh huong cLia t! s6 (cri chir j' tl0n srr rhal' Ll,ii cue nlLiing tliSu kiSrr

kdm theo) d€n thuc thu Al2O1:

Aq ---eq +ro!! Aa. +104{Ar=0.134, . I l0.2.tiAri. f tt)1i.,.i,

^Cr,,,,,. An

'frong c16: K: 0-7Y" v6i n = 0,8 1,25

Vi K=0,26% v6i l=I.25 1.6.

Ndrr rr. lr,,jt ( . lang kjri elro rrroi vr,r thi trrruc rnoi ,,, I',,,',, Irr,,ni ilrg se (1..r1 ,l:ll tfit. Ki(.rr trl
c6ng thirc n6i tren bing thuc nghidm clro thiy ring trong rliiu ki€n, khi lhay d6i ri sd nr6i kinr r6eo
thay d6i thtLc thu Al2O1 cia qui trinh kiLrdy phdn h6a ld 7 8%, thi sLr khrio nhru giria con s0 tinh roin
vd con s6 thuc 16 l€n dtrt 0,9%, cdn v6i nhirng thal' aOi ttrOng lirn thi cic k6t clui khrip nhrrr tdt. Cring
thirc kh6ng chu y r16n gidrn thdi gian khu6y phin h6a khi tdng ri s,5 nr6i. co ring th,j rich cria hui in
phi m6i dua vdo qui trinh khuiy phAn h6a. D6 rang ndy c6 rhd tt rling rhLrc:

-. V-Cn
/_ - -- m' (vr l0)
n1

Trong clo:

1 4')
 i/,;, - the ti:h cria htti Ctt pirir lrrii, rrr-'t

I ,, llr; ticlr ciia tlLnlt iiiuh alLrminat ban diLr. rrr :

t rr,rrr-: rl,, \ ' r tr' ...: 'lrrr3 diclr. t ar :

4 t1 Sq ltl"i:

,,r - n6ng (16 ALO, rlLroi clang hldrar trong lltr-\ all phir rndi' i.4nr:

'I'1i ricl rlule rlicl rLlLrrninat c6 th6 bi6u thi qurr thO tich liLrn vi€c crlir tlri6t bi phin h6a l/nr, birrg

cl.lng thrir: snlt:

I n ( ltl
I,'' t |--! - 1,,,, h.,. 1., J -l ,,,,- (Vl ll)
ttt -
lll + (11

(iong tlrLrc clri n rinu rirng ti s6 si lirn giirn thi liclr cua clung clich barr diu cho vio thi6t tri lrhin
lr,1rr. Vrii ti sti noi lri r. liri trirrg thoi gian cttlr crtlg c,it'rrtt si lii:

\ r,r
h -l2)
' l) l',''
t.- - (vl
ni -('n

{ti,'rs.. ,:

\ ^ llrict bi 1'l. r lr,', L tlr r iic:

(-) lLrrr lLron.g tlLrrrg..lich iilittttirtat. irtj,{r:

l<hi lirng ti s0 nrrii lCr ri llri tucrng ung la cr'r:

'l "'_l (vr - l3)

t /o (10:
;- ,r-u'
llr,., cii t.ic -' r. 'i
.in xrrit \ir'lr rlr..i,ng rrett tdt'g ti -u lltoi lirr 0-l rlti r-/r1 0.Sb.
:r .li, r, kiiIl

tirc li ririi r.irn lihuiy phin lrria giam cli '1% irly )r) klioang 31. CAc sii liSu trong sAn xuAt chilng to
rirng r ii i ti so rnt\i L.ing I .25 r i cao hon thi srr ciirn thiri gian kiuil' phAn htia do ting thd tich huvirr

phir sa li,nr 1:ianr thrrc tlrLr'Alror mot r-1:i lrro..ng hin,: rlai lLrong rni n6 ting ti sO nr0i. Til d6 k6t lLrAn li.
tr.'rrr',liitt Li.lr..i,t, rtr.,t r,r,lr llrrri,rE. l;nr tr '', trtoi litr tro hon 1.25 llrorrg lirn lingtic do plrrrrrh,'r
clLrng dich r i cliy chinlr li ti s0 m6i t6i han crla hy'drat kh6ng rua. 'l'it nhi6n li khi thay d6i hoxt t jrtlr

.rl,r rrrj,i. tir:irh l,lr,'rrr cr,.r clrr',l.liclr altrnlinal ltx\ ,,1 ,l,rrldn phu rlr,i. tlri 'c tlrrrl doi tri .o 1oi lrrrr ri
. rrlli I.i lrl t )l Ll'r r '1 ) ." tll'''

143
 Itii hoat l[nh. Chingta cliLr bi6t la hydrat cl0 hat bc ]noi kettuutlrrn,, lirrr nrui ,--, l,i,lrtinli ea()

It.rtt ltrdr.rt thong thrrong ttong ltttlen rhir nr.'i o ri :r"lriip. So rli rrlrrr r.l lr ,ro r:1r.1:rr l,r.lr',,.'ir rr,irr

lr,'irr l.,n theo thoi gian vd Itip plrrr c;ic chdt tr1'. ,tii u r;11 lim giirn n,,rrr. J,,.r,- .'lierrr lruri rinlr lnrr bt
tndl cilung cua cec hat hldrat tinh tr€n drvn vi tlong lLfol'lLI. Do do n6u nrili riLLrrl ciich ciirL klLriy phin
hor voi rnoi m6i kdl tur llr rr:rrr 5uJl uur corrg (lurl l)lrii ranil l;n. Pl:u rrg 1lr;'1. l. rr..r 1'l:jn lror r,.rr

.li rttr.,'i rlirrg o cac ri nglriip ctn Duc. Mdi clrrr I j Llrur,v phrn hor ,lL.r rir.. lr.'r:i, .ii rrri,i rtror rli.r.
ch6, vrii tinh torin ti s6 mdi bing 0,05 hoac 0,i; toin b6 clung dlch brn cliLr clucc c|ja liur I phin: 1,hin
ii hon (5 - 10olo so v6i toAn b6 thd tich) dirng a6 aidu ctrd nrdi cho du"g ilich cdn lai br-rnr1 c:'rch khLrn-r

phAn h6a d 400C trong 10 ngay denr r.i khong cho nroi; trong rhiii girn nirr.Lr. tirlg th 1.9 - 1.95 lOn

derr 6.0. hldrat kdt tua dA lnt rnin c6 hoat tinh rn.li e:ro. Jrrcrc denr rror' v,'i ,1 .r, ' .l:L lr l,:rn ,Lirr ,.irn: r,,i
dung dich cAi. C6 le vi€c t/rch hydrat c6 dQ hat nin ra khdi dung dich crii g.irp hli6 l.lrirr.

Khu6y phAn h6a di ti€n hiinh 6 60-400C lrong thoi gian I00 1I r)/r; tlrLrt rl u,\l,l.rl:rl ,:irrr 559i,.

l,'.in lr,.' hldmt lrj ljttl,rt : plt.rrn. rrlrrrrrr, cu dr, ,lii rr l.r ,li, rrrirr rrr. .

O xudng nh6tn Uran rr0i huat tinh dLroc dir'Lr elrc theo 2 r:iai dorn. (Jirii cio.rn ciiu dC vtq drrlg
dich trong 4 ngiy ddrtr tr 250C- sau d6 khuiy tr6n vcii m6i cing nhiet ilir nir 1r'on-s 96h. De lirrr rrroi
ngtdi ta de thrlr ding hvdrat nlrAn lluoc: 1) bing cich phin h6a tLr Jrhrit clrrnri clich llurninat tong hop;
Jr birrl cich phen hj;r drrng rliclt xucnrg: J) I'irtg . ielr rr,ibrrrrrt lri'rr ;lr rr'. ,lrr'',' .liilr ',rrrlrinrl rrr,rr. ,'
ll ( . rt'ng circ thi nglricrrr tr s'' rrrui li 1.025.

llydrat nhin drro.c d giai cban diu dirng lrin nr6i cho giai cloln srLr ,lLrn.g tlrclr rrr.rr',1 LIrLlil pliin
hira ri 250C trong 96/r, cfrng v(ii rt s5 nii noi rren (0,015).

Nh6rn hydroxit sau giai doan kJriri.v phin hrir thrl h:ri dLroc dLrnq lirrr rr0i cli piri,r hi:r clunq {lich
aLurniuat xu6ng trong nhiing di6u ki0n binh thrLdlg.

K6t qua c6ng vi€c cho ihiv rjrrrl mi'ri nhin dir ,c I'i nil e ic h rlirn e hr (lrrrt ruri n g rlLr lrhir tich trr plrlt
dung dich aluminat hoic do cacbonat h6a chirn o'250(1. c6 hoat tinh gin binr nlraLr. 'fring ti sri nti,i tLL
0,005 l€n 0,02 lirrn cho thuc thu AlzO3 tlng nanlr nhrnrq r1d h4t c[ra hldrorit l,ri giirl drlt nr,,6r. 'l r,rnlr
tit ci c6c thi nghi€rn, hydrat nh.4n cluoc min hor so r'6i h;'drat xuting vi khi dat clen grin il6 [at cire
hydrat xrrdrg lhi thuc thu Al2O3 thip hcm vdi phin trilnt so vdi thuc tlru o xr.rdnri.

Nghi6n criu cing ti6n hdnh vtri mdi hoat tinh. rii€u chd theo mdt giai cloan. l.Jirulg lJr6ne mdt thi
rrghiEm nio tlat duoc chiticrr kltuiv plrin hor \a do Ilirr lrldrorit giolg llr r., '.rr,.rr-,

Nghi6n criu m6i hoat tinh clto th6y ring d6n Iin tuin hodn thri ba thi phinr ch,it iir0i l,oat tinh gin

voi phirn chit crla hydrat n6i thdng thrrong. tir d6 kct lulln: mdi hoat rinh clii cri ich l:hi lJitii d6ng cic
phAn xtrdng alumin theo phuolg phrip Baye mcri x.ly durg, de khoi chu).in chLi nhiiu hyilrlt tir rrgoii
d6n, vi nhanh ch6ng tich lfiy hydrat dii chuydn sang diiLr ki6n khuriy phiin h6a L-inh thuorr.

1+.1
 '[ruric (iii,\' \roli r,'ir ]irrzrrncrov (lai nhan th61'r:irng bui cira cric lir nurtg alunitt cii tic dung h6 tro- su
p;in hr'1t cic clung dich aluminat. KLrzorrexov nghidn ciru ti nri brti niy da dicu clre rlloi ltt-r?t tinh.

lr, rrl err; r:.r rr;lrirrrr r,ri qrri r,.i plr"r.r tlri n.nlrienr. Llrr t.iclr .r,ni troat tlnh ra khoi drrrrg diclt cii lruoc

kli clo r,1r' dung {ich aluminrt, ,l-r uhan cluoc cac clri tlcru tL,t. Nhurrg trong phin xuoirg ir-' xi nghiqp
nh6rn \/frnl.rlr0r thi j d,) trich lrrrlrat ltirt min nA), khi)og thuc hiqn duo. c, do d6 pht'ri r:ho viro thidt bi

i.,,.i ,.1,.r1,. lrl. c;, pr.i.. i,r., r. idurrg Jiclr c.'i. I)ieu Ir:'i iittt tjttgo. \tril drlrrlr.li.lr ban diu ril
1,1,.,r,

I .;r I .S li 1.1) 2.1 r) l:rnr ltirinl tlrLrc thu Ai]O., r,oi do hal binh thudng ciu nh6rn h1'd[oxit. D€ t:ich
.lrr., :,li. I't..i. Iittz,'ttr',,,, kltttr.ti t'.ltr,lulrr cre 1111r lr Irttr lar 3 tje Jorlg liirr tuc'

Xrr,llig nlrilnr Ural nhin diroc nhrrrg chi liiu liinr lron klri khu6l phin hoa dung dich \uong voi
nrt.,i 1o;1 tipl tliirr chi rir bui cLra tlriit hi loc trrri ki0u xoil'rd hrp cut ld nLlng. Co le clo Irirrn lumlg clic

cltit 6iiLr cr, lroug cic dLrlg rliclr rriy,hoicao nin kh6nr: illt cltLtrc phdrti vi Alror t(it voi thuc thLr c6 thE

cl[]l) lll)llrl i lii(.)c.

\tllt ilttr,rl:l r'll:l lilltlll\ Ilt.tll llll](ll plrir vri cirl circ chit trp

I'rq rii' l lrrr-r' lfi.)n i1 iinli lrtrong iicn pliirt h6a cllrttg tlich; :'r"rtS i,,'r ktrLr.il rlorr io lirtr [.irr; 1'lrirr
,i .
(lr)tl!.
nii() ti)c ri', 1,1ri , 1,.',,r. Nllrriri ta khtrir rr0l hLryiti pitir clri li dd nqan l)gua lr\ dr.rt lanl

Iric lr.ri iririt ciri clrir liitLr ci).la (lu(rc n0i o phrin lrOrt. Tlteo lriLrkhascv thi khti cric chat lrittt co, lrinr
chilnr tor. 1i,-, |hir irril Ii li|r r in t i, hat r\l1r lll):, co the drt ,lLr,rc hittg cacbonal hcia tiLrlg phin dung
dich. lilri ciro liiri car:boric o rrlrii:t d(i 20- 40"L1 cli clLra clung Ciclr c(, nlitt natt do c;ic '-hit tep hriu co
rlri si 1it tLrl hr'rp piru ,:ric clrit ilp. \iLrr lhi t.clr e hrit kir Iir.r. .,' tl,C dr'rng qult trlnh citcbottrt hoa hoitc

klrui\, flrin 1r6a rirr.rn clicir cli ilu,,- r,rLllrt lr:ru trirn.r ur-\\it. lrirLrg tiec li phrrong phhp nil ldr.n truttg

lrirrr llricLr iiicsr costic. do d,i lirrr larrg jnrlr lrtr-rng rtrtri cacbortal khi cd ba1'hoi drrrlg dicit cii vi lirrrr

tirng clri lriri rlc cosric hoa drrrrg clicli rrir'.

Cri tlLcl lr)nr s,r,:h cic chil tiiP hiru co bing cich cho thdrrt ,'io clurrg dich gel Al(OH). rnrii didu chd
1u Lhuu-l rlLrng dich. [ii 2 phLlonu rin cl€Lr khong thich hop c16i vtii sin xudt bcii vi sc cltroc hydr-at dQ
h.,t rrrirr. I r, r i.r lt-l I i rrr r.r llri rlr.': l..r') r.r nlriiu btri lttltlt ll',;ttt.

'I'|un ixri:h rhiong hoat hoa iriug lroi nuoc co thd ciung <16 iril; plru t5t cdc chlt hiiLr co. SaLr khi qLra

r.iy 30 rnn.t ::irrll. ihan chtoc cho rr\o drrng cllch c6 chLla 0,12 g.,7 chc chit hitr co, r'oi li0u lLLong than li
lit g,i hirLril,tr6ir cttrng dich khOng ciun tr(ing troug l5 7rlr, than hip tr6n 96% cic chiit lrumin.
li
ll[dsg c6 :,ir li,.]Lr li khi nirrg tLtin lroin cira tiran cla xir l! ; luo-ng than ti6u tirn gAn 200 kgl AlrOr

Ili.irr rrrry'cl circ xi nghiip lirnr ri0c llreo phrrorg phjip l}ircr. c/tc chit lliiu co tir clung dich tuin
ho:in tlLurc khir theo niitricacLxrnrt rliu hLrng. Khi nung n(rrrg uatri cacbonat ttiy d6r1 .4000C thi cic

clrit lriiLr co chrrl,rii. Vi luirng natri ctcbonat nriu hung khiing nlridu, ngay ci nhimg xi nghi6p lon n€n
pSutrng pir:rrr lilir cic chir hiiLL co nr\y kh6ng ddi iroi tirn kd:n nhiOu. song n6u sau khi tlti6rr toin b6
natri circbi-n.ri tririn hoin trJ lli. tlri e ilttg vrii n6 s[ dua l3i cic nru6i khdc nhu: Na:SOr. NaCl. NaF...

145
 Vi xi nghi€p ngudi ta linr nhu sau: coslic hoa natli cacb{)nri nriri hunt vi dLrrq di(:lr nlrin rlurrc
vAy cr

co chLir nhiirr clrit bdn hrru co Jrroc .o bll hoi riirrg. O d.ir l,i kri t,n r,r',r lr:,.r.:: i..,,..: i,,r; 1,,,1r;
cacbollat m)u hung cirng vdi NazSOq, lrlaCl vi NaF. Chit ktit tu.t rir l.lrjng tu;Lr l,!)iL1 rrLlr ra ;6r v:iy
dinh li iiiru cac cllat tap n11 curr,,rrrru c.i..cjrrt hrlu,:r-.

Khi ph6i hol phuong ph6p Otdcla r'6i phuong phip thiOu L.t rlr r:rtri ericb,rrtrt rrraLr lrrrrrq drroc
cho vrio li€u cia nhhnh thieu k6r.

NarS c6 thd tich I[y trong clung dir:h aluminat khi xil ly boxil chira 1uu hujnh. I)C rr;rhirin cilrr inh
hudng ctia Na2S d€n khudy phdn h6a ngLrdi ta diiu ch€ cic dioh alurnirrat crj rinrt rl0
clLrng 120 - 123
gil AITO l vi cho th8nl NazS. 9fl,O vtii r rimg luolg khic nhlu. Khuiv pirin li,irr tiil :r1\5 tj 300C
lrongT2 h.

C6c thi rrghi€m chring t6 rii,,g."',g nhiiLr Nu,S tron,; tlLrrr,.,lich tlri thuc tlrLr Allgr cirrrq lirip. Sir rJi
natri sttrrltta liiln talng tinh bdn vting cirii dung dich li vi no thir-r phin tlonr dLrrrrl Lii.5 rr,r,ii: sLr thL'ry

phin ndy tlirr clCn tilg a.:

Na2S r- II1O : NrllS + NaOI{

Hydrat nhin khi lhLrii plrin hoe dun,.: rluih

dtLo-c sau
-viiirn NrlS c6 rriLr -rirn.,i 61,,:1rr15 miri
hydro sunlira. Sau 3 ldn rlra, trong h)'drtr coll tir 0,8 ddn 0,3% lurr huj,nh.

Natri strntar cldn 20% so vc'i lr:lrn lLrgrg ,\l-o1 llong rlrrrr: rjicir ;rlurrririirl. ciiiri: rrirLr Siqrr tgolg
NaCI din 38 g,it, cfing kh6ng c.r inh hrrong gi ddn khu6y Pillir h,,,a, Nal_Stj, 1,i,,, ti-,rr, (1; har rtil
hydrat, con NaC) thi ngugc l4i.

Thay th6 rrrOt phen hoic ttlin bd kidm coslic natri bins drrrrng luonrS KzO kh0ng rilli hLr,r'p11 ilj'
khuiy phin hoa clLIng dich aluminat, ct-ing nhu d6m hirn lrrorg srlie ().\it \i i,irJll (rrL.r tlrr,,r ri khlnir
ria duoc) iron.s-. hvdrrt. Anh huirng cr'ra K20 r1€n d6 hat cr'ra hvclr.at khOng 6go.c 1g6icp cirrr.

-fheo
Volf va Xerebrenicova [5] thi c.lc chit tap ph6tpirat. vanrdlt, 9llat, rrrolipr!rrt r,ri sLrnfal
kh6ng inh htr6rrg gi cl€n thuc thu A1',O,. Nhuag theo cic sd li0rr ci'ru xLLihrg nl6ni Jncv 11i 6inr
lurrng
v2o; d6n 0,7 g/t lim gi.im d6 bdn r irnq cua dung dich, con do har cin h1,dp31 thi it thr1, rloi. Kli tdng
n6ng d6 V2O'' thtrc thu Alror giirn i1, nhung luong c6c hat lrvclrat bc 1is rua n6dnr ling djt ns..6t
hydroxit khong h6t v2o5 thi c6 hj6n trrong cdc hat Al(oII)1 ti0p 1!o \,6.vun trong qLri tr.irh
nung va
alurnin c6 ciLr trirc dang kim (A. I. Volpin, xudrg nh6nr Ducv).'

SLr c6 nlit ciu P2O5 d6n 5 g// inh huong ddn phirn lrri:r dunil clich. ll;rrr1 iri, 1r'rr clrn cic
hiLr nhLr
hat l6n Ie n. Khi cirng c6 mir P2o5 vi v2o5 voi ti s6 pro5/v2oj - 6/i rhi riic d6ng cria \r,o.
ti3n tr6 hat
hydrat hi rr iet liiLl. nhLmg n6u giarrr ri so loi rrdn thi luolg cdc h3l l,e ri,ng lan.

l-16
 Cho thq:rn i.lai: Ir,r1c I(F kfiri;g rLnlr hrrcing dJn klmil. phin hoa nlrung ltydrrt kit ttra e,., d,' hat bd

lr r li.

t ho llri r, ..r! ti...,.i r lr.'r.t klr,, ri.',lrrrrg .li. lr iiltrrttirt:tl litn.lto t'1. .l-' plr.,rr lro.r tartg lrlranll. l1 su

rrroi (tinh cliu\'alr rl i\l ,O. 1ron.l nlrroi so !tii ,/rlro, lrong dLrn;r dich) gin bing 0,0 i c6 Anh hrtong nhLt

li 1h6rn hliirc,:iii ihoilr lirudng roi ti s6 rndi tring 1,0, 'i uy nhicrn, vtii nh*ng cliiLr ki€n klidc tlhu nllatr,
rLiLr cho cir,: r:rrrli nir'..ii luonc nlnL dri niri tr0n nliung hda tan trortg tttr;ric thi se khdng gilp rn6t sLL

piuin iroa rio ci ci.'i r ri drrn;r rlicli rilLrrrlirrat.

Nh6r1 itl rlrcirit cluitg keo. do k6t tua bing anroniac tir dung dlch cic mudi d nhiet do thip. cho vao
yiri luong bi. trrurgr clrrrrg vrli luorg cho lhenr rnLr6i nlt6nr. c6 litn taing t6c dd phin h6a dung clich
alurninat. rlrLrnq it lrLrir sLr ,,rli cric 1,,,6i nh6,tt rin. kit qui khLril piriirt h6a voi cric chit thcm khic
nhau clrrrrc lrip lrD tlin bang 3 i.

llri ng 31; r\ nlr lr rlii rrg crin cic chit cho tirtrn liluic nharr dCn khrril lthin ltri:r dtrng dich nltttrtirtrl'

'ii trrr'o, i'',-g ,--*

'',roi
( l:.lt elr() tiriru rl u6i sc rtrr,\i,Llr
tron q dunr r.licit)
I

,\l(lli bqit 0.0 I

,,\ iCl; iiLurg clich nLIoc 0.0 I

Al(OI I). rlrlg kco tir dLtrrg dich IrLLoc 0,00) lJ

n lr(S0.1 ir irit 0.0 t

\1.1:u r lrrrts ,litlr rLr'. 0.0I

NII,,\l(sl) r)r. I ll I ,( ) bor 0,0 1

\ltr f ir. ir,rrrt rlr:,r'l dicll 0,01

All . .b.ll 0,0 I

hll:; tlong dtil: d ich 0.0l

.,\i((-)l l\, ir',o lir clLrng tlicli 0.000.i

,\l((lll). xLnrng ttlrottt lj[arl

'l ront dLrng d ich aLunrinat cic nru6i nh6m chul'0n thArrh Al(ul il Si di cllo llrenl nrLroi rjrr ri
dung dich r:tia chintg cri ir|tlt ltrrL )ll klnC nlr.ll, .l(11 du \ tlllg Cllf, ..lurrg Jiclr rlurrrirr.rt lr ritruttg trtLotrg

141
 hop thir nhdt binh thdnh di1' dLi cric hrit Al(Ol I)r lirn. ilong vaj trr) cLiu i.ric ltinr biir I1i,,,,. r,ion;t lliir
keo AI(OH)r; cdn trong trLrdng ho-o thir hai. n€Lr Al(OI I)l c6 kdt tLia. illi e uns r rii rlir irll bc ticrr rnrre se

nhanh ch6ng hda tan trong kidnr du cua dulg dich elumirrat.

Anh hu6ng cfia phuo'ng phrip khuiy phiin trrla

Trong sirn xL,it, dung dlch alurninat khuly phin h6a giin ilorn ciing -flr0ng
dLLoc nhLr liin 1Lrc.

thLtdng c6c quri trinh li6n tyc dugc chu,ing hon cic
trinh chu k!, nhrrng lihuiv phin irorr lion rLrc eLi
c1u6

nhugc didm r6t 16r: Iirrn ch{m qud trinh phdn h6a dulg dlch alunrin:rr, do dtrng diclr rl)ln di1 ntra;tr
ch6ng bi pha loing klri cho dung dich vao thi6t bi phin h6a diu ti€n cld clriLa drrrrg cilch airrrninar nrlrco
Al2O3 vd vdi c" cao. Vi th€ tich dung dich trong thjet bi phin h6a cri thd den hing trin nrit kh6i. 1€n
khi tr6n o" t6ng ngay tir 1,7 1,8 l€n 2,3 2..1. Cirinh v6i tri s6 u. ni-v bit cliri tiJn iri,nh rluh trinti
khuiy phin h6a clung dich aluminat ban diu. Khi khuil,phdn h6a lien tuc trong l0 tlrier [i. cirr phur
gin l00h mcvi k6t tt'ra n6t luorg hydrat bing lrrone hyrirat k€t rLla srLu 60 704 lrhrriv plril 561 urarr
.l,,r,rr. Vi ri1 rrcn lrrtrr ltrlr c:ic xrrtrrrg alrrrrrin ,liri ,l,,nl plrrr,,n.: lllll, ntrrr:,r y,lril lr,',1 .1,.r \r. :,, r,,.

nhi€u cdng tlinh nghiOn cilu <lang duoc ti6n hinh nirirnr khic phLrc nhuo; tli€rrr rriy .li cii t;0 clirrrq co
hi€u qu6 hon phuonr: plrirp kluiy phin d xrrolg nh6rr lJliin viic thal r;C orri tr.rntr
h6a liCn tuc (+).
ci6v ch.ydn kiru0y pirin ir6a li0n tuc de c6 k€t quri. 'i ing sii thi€t bi phirir lrr. tronr c!il,clirrr'in klrrrL_r

l)lrrn lloa liirt tuc lJrrt gi.irn Jo cherrlr lech n. r,iir:r.i. tlricr bi ke rrrrr.rr. rr'r'j r.,,l,1rr.jicl, l;i,,,1..rr ri
dung dich trong thi6t bi phin h6a diu ti€n. V<ii di1, chuvin nOi tiip gi,,,, ciCn 2f) si1)
ir.i hrrq 16ijL lrr
phin h6a, tdt cA cric uu didm cta qud trinh khtnl phin lroa lii.n trrc vin qiir nrrr,,rrn. n1i r.ic clir plriin
h6a chim di kh6ng nhi€Lr. Cliin nghi ring c/rc kOt c1Lu"i n6i tr0n cci thd dut tlrltrc viri s6 thijt bi phil rror

trong ddy chufin nitu hi0n nav, nhurg thay thiit bi diiu hav 2 i rhilr bi diLr bils nhinr;1hidl bi nha)

hrrn, liim cho clLrng dich trong chfng duoc nhanh cir6ns ddi m6i rri hin-r criclr rril giilr u. trolg rlLrnl
,li.lr.

Liapunor' (**) ciua ra rn6t phuong phhp ha;; da khu6,v phin hrirL rlrrrq rlich alssrilrr. IlLr,r il
phir hydrat cho vio thi€t bi phin h6a iri duiri l0rr r,oi tOc do th0 nno tic cho l1,rir:ri lirnlr y,ring. ,a,.,

thdnh l6p "sdi", qua tl6 dung dich alunrinat di len. kio thco clc hat bc trr clLriri. Ilo dri circ hrt 11.r1rar
l6n lOn, k€t thdnh rhirng t0 hcr. p ngay ci ri nhiet cl6 rh.,lp. Nhu vir,, vtli plrurnr phip liiy r6c c16 phiil
htia ting, md h1'dral k€t tira c6 dci hai binh thLror:g.

(+) Hi€n na1'trong sitn xudr dd ditng phi biin phtr,nry phdp khudv phdn hoa.lien ttrc (ND).

(+*) A.N.Liapunov, c6ng trinh h6i nghi khoc hoc lfi rhudt L'ian nh6m - nct.qie toi,t Lii, ;.!i), t9i
t r't'r /-
J. rrr;.r ( AU I nlLl bl f nllV ,aUA /()l ( I( i\//: c, ru :, ..t t !\t:-,\ .,,t_t(
C6c thiet bi phan h6a c6 c6nh khLriy xiclr vi c6 nip (hinh 5j) lr6n lu6n |'rm birrg rlii-p tlin:
thudag chidr cao vi duimg kinh cria chring ddu 8rrr. Cinh khudy xich g6rn trLrc cri gen cl',nlr tay tir)n.
tr€n d6 d ng m6c treo tu do cec diy xich. Khi truc qLray v6i t6c d6 g - l0 vinq/phit ci.c iiiy xic)r nay

148
liint ri1 ,irri h\drtt liat rua. Niir ngiLng khurg'tlri cirung cri the bi girL chit trorrg kh6i hldrat ling
xuong. Dd cho ijiiLr nirr khong xd1, ra. r1d co nhirng diy kdo cJung d€ nang cic cldl'xich l€n ciinh tay

4o9 trirt'r'c lriri ngirnil liliLriy. vi\ lta chirng xu6ng chim klli truc bit detr quay l'4rc qtlay do dQng co

11i9rr. qua bo giim t6c h]rrh rru ,,a bQ truy€n da)ng truc vit hd. Cdnh khu.iy udy cOng kdnh, hC s6 teo
dring hiiu fch thip. co clie trul€n {6ng iai phuc tap, dirc tidn va ch6ng hong.

Nhing rrirn.rin cli,,. etc thiet b! phin hria ndl,nhuong ch6 cho nhr)Dg bd khuty kh6ng khi, co
thd c6 du g tich ftit lcil. ir.it cirl vr\ vin hinh chirng r€ ho'n so.vrii cric bd c6 cinlr khuiy xich.

.
]11i1 t:j lrrral: !:ri1 f,il 1;1, l.,liltg rh6nq riti (irinl: 5.1) ii nliii.,g b0 kin, citrilr,g drLr-rng kinh 7,3rrl

', r: :lrii,rr r:ao c'rrml lil .tll.7;i; co rlli,'iirtil ci.:r:; ,:i:i0:: la.; tirl p:ii:; ir)rrh c6n gin {r.4lrl lJi dLL'rc l:rp r'r

l.ril lrlini'lil!i:l ii.. (;llil l t, rt r t!'l I .1 ,_: I Jl tii I

rlt,tt
':;ir',: i .' . ' l. r"l' r.. 'rl'l-
l -: r ":': l"'tl '
i.:inh .ll(trr;;r. pltirr Lriri trtc, \ri,) nii| !iu thiir I i Pir Lrr ir,.,u biit; L1i; cirin5.r, con phia drrtri ltra rdo hinh
c6n birur:. nlriiug thnnlr ri,r. crich clirl l00rrrl. Oirg ci, thi dlch clruldtt ldn tlen hoac xLr0ng dtL6i 600rrrrrr.

rr.rr't ln,',. icrri.,,. ri ,lrr.;t.: rcn Ir( (l:i\.ir..,r' t'11 1:lr' rr': kl,i|lti.r ttr'rl" e,\,lrtrrrts I..tttlt'7rrt,it r;t
o 1:;hfa rlLrLii irgr-tn Iro;r orrg ngoii i00nrrrt.

S;rr khi clro clrrng clich alrrrrin.Lt r.r., L,i ,-lirr rn,.rl rrruc rrhit dinlr thl cho hLrl'6n pliir nr6i tllco
tinh toin. co hiin iLLong 800 i hydrat, va ngar'lirc do th,',i kholrgkhi ndir..lrriri iP slrilt 4.r1 \'zi
900.ri

Ir,,.r rr.r.r. l.l,. , l .r tr'',rr lirr r.,i cl'rr,,: Jielr t.:'rlr.rt.ll lr, rt ltop lrrrrirl I'liir klri'lr6 klrr ctl ty tr,.'t11 I'g

Ir,,.. lrrr'..rr r.lr,,. lrr l.rr tlrL.,.tr.'n,: Lr',n',-,tr,. ..'.-.l'.'rt l',1, r'|. kcorll-o.i. I'l'l.rrlirr nllu lirr
cin. ttiir-, liir vilici;irrr!. ri 1ao la cltrr,rtin d,,rr hrtrilr phil licn tLIc tir clLrrii iilir tr0n. () phia trdn khong
kl,r rlr.,.il r :lrt.'.',r-, r:. r,a,l,. I r Illr,:L I'i I lr.irr lrur

i) ctlO t;ep giil grira lrinh trrr vi hinh con ctra b0 c6 hirt rrrot vinh dai, ttra tron 8 c6t

149
 D3 linr ngudi dung dich, d piriin tr€n rr6t s6 b6 c6 trang bi rudt xodn cho rtrnic chiiv qua. Cho

d6n thoi g6n ddy, cric thi6t bi phin hoa khudy bing kh6ng khi lin vi6c chir r'6u thco phuoLrg phrip giiin
doan, con cac thiet bi co ciinh khLriy thi theo phucrng ph6p lien tuc. Hi€n nay catc rhiet bi khudy phin

hria bang kh6ng khi cfrng chu1,6n sang dirng cho qui trinh li€n tuc. i\fuon vd-r cin tr.rn1, t-i r,roi thiiit bi
phin hoa rni,t ung eiiu ling khurg khi ib6 sung d6 chuy,€n lrul'en phil tir thiet bi niy slng thi0t bi khic.

lai xtrong o Listerlril cria \ly. noi ma dung dich .luoe klru,iv phin ho,' lirr. rrrc rr,rrr cic thiit
bi niy, s6 thi6t bi trong dAy chuyOn li 28.

ii5
".L

i"

2j")

Ih
T'l'ot i_t ,
F;': "

', :\it
^21
,0
1l
0
;Lv

ai{
^

1' 1,'
.'L-^
jli l

150
 Ooa ) la ^
- \c
t9\' c\Mb'r-
|i lcoa't'tt l)^oo f f": fl^", ld ,
{Cua /+fr,^.l
w
r,".,r,,$^.a t^A"'^ f\
ctIUOi{ri 7

Jfum,,.th41e, ffiY'*
iOSllC FIO:\ NATRT CACtsONAT'|LJAN HOAN

SrrLr rni,i chu kj cta qrrir trlrrh IJa),e gin 29'o ki€nr cdstic t)i lrung hda thdnh cacbonet va khi co
brr'hoi dLrrrc ltich ra dL;rii dang nalri crrcbonat rrtau lttrug

lllrLiri t:r tliur.t hai pltiiortg 1;hirp ci.tuvtiu ttalri circbottat Lhlrlr kicnr costic: phuorrg pllip ferit
,,iphuorrirprr6pr,tii
f rtu*fi "hi ;,n ,tt ,q- Jd .\'l i't U. W;, .hL ut,; g
I .-" lllrroxt phrp tillr rtlrir tlrr lrjrr llo.p llstr; (rcholrli \a \al o\itdtroc drt l rr'i. r, Lit tronglir
on;l o rihiit tio gdn l0C0"C:

\ir.(,O: I l:cror - 2Na|c(,). - Cl)r (VII I)

\,1 ,l|l ,i t:r 'l ' :r l'ltillt Jrr . lr, .r ir l'.rr,3 tltt,,c tt. trf .

".
tNeFcC. rn ,O ='2NaOII + (n-l)ll:O r I'crol ( vil-2 )

,\ fi ,,,,,: ,.1i-,, thLt.t lht.rt,g 3{i0 - i80gll NarO.. Sit ttxit chi t6n khoarg 30 '1Okq'7 tr al riLrl'th oxit

,r' ,1. l .l trlr,, .:.'::tt li:rt ,..il llli(tt

I lrco phtr,:rrg phdp Liit Lai, dung tiicli nalt i cacLronat duoc dun sdi voi sila voi:

r.!a.ll)i + {-..r(Oll)2 +' lNaoii + Ca(lOr 1\'ll i)

' l;:tlol, 1 r,.'1 .' tt r-t ,1:,'.i ,.lrr'l- 'it ,ttl : 'tit :'ltt nlttr It'alll b'.' llllri lt'ir,'xit tiiitr
l(rr :r:\.
.1,. 1,..rr. L r.r,, 1'lr;.1 lrjl, .'... .itr' IlrLf Jc ci'.l.a 1.,.1 Ir,rlri ..r.Llotl.lt trlJIt ll ,.ltl ll,'Irr..:ic rtrottg
altrrlin lint vi€c tlreo phuorg phap Bave holc theo phuong phip h.\a tich horit hirtq rtatri cacbonat -
r,6i.

1. PII{,biNG Pil,4P C'O.S'NC IrcA NAT]I] CACI}ONAT BiNG VOI

\; :r lrr;rr irlrrnrirr Joi 1,,'i ;l,ri eL,, JLrng Lli.ir trr.rrr lr.rirrr clrir.r klrL,irrg i00c I Nr u. ,le ti.irr lrinlt
hoa tiiclr Lr,)t!l oclola. l)o cl,-i nlrrn rlLl.rc clrrrrg di.lr kicut drrrrr,lic tttay irorg qui trlnir c0stic h6a la
diiu nrong iruin. Vin ci6 khirng kcm phin qu:rn trong li c6stic hria hoin toin natri cacbonat, ntd phiu

riri: (,, :r.' i . , , ' r

|: rrr ',
' ( l i . j
l litlfr , rril', 'rr,rl l,inr: vcri ler tlr,,irr rrglriclr. Kirrlr nglriirn c lto tlr.it rirr.: lr;,i yi'rr
'/
c:rr rr,,' ll'1 i:.: Llri thnr rlirr.i,'nr, llr',r ilr,,c. Nt-rng Jo Na.2Ctr. trurtJ dung diclr batr,litr eing tlr6p thi
natri cacbonrt chul'0n lioa thanlr xit cdstic ciing hodn toau, nhli co thd thdy tu cdc so lieLr dLroi day flf'
NalClL)1 tr',rrrg clLrrr clicii.9,'" 1.3 9.0 tn: lll t\r) IRR

\ ,rffit
 So dithuc thu ki6nt cdstic giim, khj ting hAtn lrrgrrg Na.Ctl trr,1ro,l1l1" Jich b Ln.t:ru. liclo
c6 sF tha) ddi do hoa tan tuong ddi cira CaCOr vd Ca(OIl)1 trong tien trinh c6stic irira. lrong nuoc
sach thi CaCO: hiu nbu kh6ng hda tan. cdn Ca(OFi), thi hda lur khli lir. Qh trinir cdstic lr6a crlig tiCn
jr.lni:. tLic Ii norrg do Ol l cang ting. thi do hna rrrr_crlir Crlr rllrrin]ll.rrr .1..,1 rr'- r: ,l,r'r. rl:. . I.' lror
.

trrr cua Cl( 0, Iai rirrg tirrg. Llo gi irn rjng.li tac iorr CO3 .

Ni'rr bi.rr il,i ticl, ro hurr l:nr crrr Cr r;r Ull lri Klrirtr, lr .,1 lr' rr;rn i^nr'r- r..,. LJ'- li K-
tnt Knt can Deng lit cu:

(Ca )t OI I ) -. K 1: (Cr- )(CO, ) K .

hay lir:

K
( -9!i
(co,' )
(
"''il-*
)

T;" sri ndng cl6 cic ion OH - v:'r COr:-trong dung diclr qLrl€t ciinh tlrrrc tlnr f.i,-lrr c.,,rtir: cr'rrr ,1trii

rlinh cOslic hoa, n6ng clQ CO12- trong dLrng dich ciing lol, tlruc thu liinr eirstic tin,,, h.'.

Kinh nghi0rn cho thiy la sau khi c6s1ic lr6a c6c dung clich nllri crcbcnrt rlinr thi l,inr hrorg
ki0rn tOng (Na2O,5",) lrong dung dich c6 th6 tb,'ip hon trbng dung rlieh h.:n t1:,rr. '.,i ct, sr l r,,, thirnh clic
cacbonat kdp, iuong ung vdi cac khoing san trong thi6n nhi€n geiluxit flaCOr.Na:COr. 5il1(l fi
pirxonit CaCO3,Na:CO:.2LJ:O [2]. C6c hqp chAt uiy c6 thd kdt tne klri crlstic iriia cric riLruii riicli n,rtr i
cacbonat c6 ndng d6 tr€n 4 duong luo-ng gaur Na2CO; trorlg lnot lj1.

'frong rruirc, cric rruiii kdp nal ohin hir; tli- cho r)rtfi caeborxl Iii,l tln;

( :r( O,.Nn-.('O..nH O .r mH,O * ( r( Or I Na.( ( ). rlj-( l (vlr 5)

f ir t.it ci nhiLng di0u ndi tran, c6 thO kdt lu6n Li dtl c6stic Ii6a phii pha Ioi'iru clurrrl dich.

C6c dtrong cin bing (hlnh 55) cho phip xdc <1inh hu6rrg ciia phrrn ilng c6stic hria r,:i thLrc thu
kiSrn c6stic trong c6c dung dich khlc nhau d 80"C. OM ld dudrg cin bing cira h0 rhOn1r l:i pha ldng
1d cic dung dich NaOI'l vi Na2CO1. cor phr rin Ii C:I(OIl)r ve CaCO.. Irorrg ciic rlunrr tli.ir phia tr/ri
drrrmg OM thi CatOHt2 la bin vurrg. Niu cdc dung diclr nny tiip rLre r,,i ( r( i ) llrj ,1,) rrlrir'j liii \{ii
n6, m6t phAn ki6m c6stic chuy€n thrinh cacbonat; hdm lucmg NaOH giiitn. cr)n r-\:rzCif); ring leir din
tnuc lattt cho tlrinh plran cLir dung dich nim trert dujrg OM. l).1 rre ,lirrlr tlr l:rlr plrin cur tJLrrrg iJiclr

cdn bing vd hu6rg thay d6i thdnh phAn cia dung dich ban diu, vi du o cliCm rr, cin chir ! Ll rheo phin
irng (VII-3) thi tir lg-nol NaOH sd nhAn ducrc 0,5g-mol hay iri mOt dg lg,g Nal(lO:. Vi ,. i1 rir diim A
cAn vd duong thdng c6 n6ng dd ki6m t6ng (NarO,;,J bing nhau, trlc li rirrong rhing Lao ihr)nh gric 45o
v6i truc toa d6. Giao didm gita dudng thing niy vdi cluong thing ONI (B) tuong inrg viii tluinh phin

152
fLlll dLrlq ciiiir r.irr i ir1r. cjtr rio,rtt .'\ B Lri hu'L;rrs. 11i rlr't) {16 s€ thal ddi thAnh plriu cua dLrllg dich barr

rlirr

I)iiu hi s,j x:r1.ra l6i ciic du g diclr kiirn co thdnh phi| 'lirn b0n phai cua dLlottg cetr
ng.rroc
( r{(rllr' lron$ lruollS IrrrP nii\'
1"r...'r,\1 {rrlirfrtl' I.l,'.r.'r.r r1:.,'ri giii ltrtr\l\rIic'tiipxu'"\oi
plrirn inrg (\.ll-3) sa ricn hinh tir trii sang phrii cho d0n khi thdrrh
pitin cira dung dich dat d6n dierrr

ni't rrcn dLLo*g cin irin!. Oi\,{. Llii..r N LIJp irrrt ..,n 1,ittg gii:r pirxonit \'6i nu6c, cdn drro.g N'lN drip

ring cin bdnl *iiia pir::r-rnit. canri crcbonat lii cdc clLltlg tiich co thi'rnh phirl tLLdllg ilnq

rji. Jrir r i'l . 'r.r ci. 'luirr3 UII li \l\ Ll:il irrrg tran3 tlr'1i tr'"rtr Jrrrrg diclt bin virn3 l' r clrit

r^rr: cr(oii1,. Ce1{jr vi ca(io..Na2CO;.2f 12O. \Ii tri cua di6m NI chi tluoc xric dinh gin dung.

UCI) ddp ung dd hr-ia tan cLtr

Diinr I) dip Lrrrg cl6 hda tan ctia CaCOr trotlg tru6c, cdrt dttdrlg

\ , Co. tr,r.r: .rr.. J )llo30r.' L1'J (l(rr'1;r na1 ,lctt .liirrr t . ri' dinlr tlrirtlr lrhi'rr 'ir:r ;ac
.r,:. ,1,. 6 N.rr
pha rin. cdn trtn dienr C --eie
rlir'g dicS ci' l,i.g roi pirrorrit fi 11a11i g1qb.rt,t triotr.ltldrat t'orle
cirrrg dich cin bnrr,r !iii Cla((Jll): r'a Ne:(l(l. ll'(l'

i'1( Lriirrlt ifill r'6i lli cirl Lrlirrl'1rr'rrg 'l'i pha rin la (la(OII) r'i pirxonit, cdrr cliem
C
Dr;oitg
CaIOI I);. LlaCO,.Na:COr.2il:( ) r,i
Irt.rir'-, trn: r. i .r.'tr 'lr. l, !'ll1 l,,tl.' Lt"t' l' 1'lr'r rin li
N.rrC Or.l l.tl.

Crlc drrirnLl chirrr chinr trerr gian clo clLrLtc bi0rr di6n rn3t cich gin rlulrg. do do kh6ng co cite srl

liiLr tlrLrc ,ghi.;nt. bor \ i tfo'g ttr.c ti hiu cir. dil'g t16rr phin rril' cLil gian d6- rnirc dir no
'6tr-klr.r'g
lirrp plin lich cic Lrii' rLr.o,g xa) ra khi c6stic hria c6c dung ciicS rtatri cacbon.t Tir giAn cid ta thiy ba
,l..urr-o,l \i\r.r \1 .r:r nlr.ruiiLIi.rr \l Ircl i:' ginlr cli' r:r l'rrrl lr'' kltt' rrn:()l\lN klltr rrru l'irt
Irr|c ctia crt(l().. N\'lr.ll) l:ltu rrrc bin viin{l cira Cliuor'}Jsrco' 2lT10 tr6n ON'IC - khu vLrc he;r

r r'l rtg cira i:rL(()i i)..

i.iiu tlrra tliCnr i\'1 k- cltrirlg thirrg afr tao llrarnh g6c 4i" so viri cilc klru vtLc ()nlb s6 cllira tit crr

cic clLrng dich latri crcbotrnt c6 nirng dt) tir'0 rl6n b. co thd c6stic hi'a bing v6i nri klr6ng bi rniL ki6nr

11i r6 i clatig cacbottat ke'P.

Vi tlLr. klrri' lit' trr: li cltrng clicli chiLa 7'1 tlg /g-g natri crc6t'rtrl (diilrr nr) rtri 20g C'aO o

lgiY l.l.r1 ({).25g- rolJ C.rtr ,Ji rau h,,P clret pit}ionit. Ngoiii ra hq! chdt pinonit cdn liy
li0,'{-l thl sau.l
6'6 dg /g-g Cnng
0.5 rlg 1il-g n*ri caclrtrt:at. ilo do hnm lugng ki6nr tOng Q'la2Cr,5"') gidrn tir'? l xu6ng

trcrg tiroi tirLn nil ta,r ihirrrh 0.5 g-mol NaOl I, cllo ne n trollg dung dich cdn lai 6'ldg ig-ga Na2COr
vi
0-:i g-arcrl NaOl L 'l hirnli phi cr.ia dung dich niy thLgc x6c dinh tr€n giin clfr tai di€m n. trong khu vuc

,ri\. C.(()il)r khirrg birr vLing, ndu tidp tfc (li liarg huydn phi thi toAn b0 v6i sE chLrvdn vao pirxonit,

lrirri r;iro rliilnlt pliirr cira dung r.!ich thay c16i theo (luillg mn. Naltr clir v6i thi th:inh phdn cria dtrng dich

si churiir din ciiirn Q. ttrong ung r'6i t6n thit kiOm't5i da vdo pirxonit Sau cl6 luong vOi drr sc phAn

hirv pir:ionit. giiii irh,.llr-t kitrl:

r53
 CaCO:.Na:CO:.2 H.O +,3a(Ofl)r * 2NaOH + 2CaC01 I .ll l,(r (VIl-6)

Nlrtr r11 tlranh phin crrr tlung dich si rlrrl doi dqc tlrc,, (r\l .lr,,i.rr ,li.rrr II; l:lri J:rr .1,i,
di€rn niy thi trong pha rin cdn lai bm dg /g g r.\a2CO3 duo.i darrg prrxonrr.

Khi c6stic hoa uic tlrrngdich ndm trirt clorrr girra N vi h. ri,lir .r Lli.rrr Ii rlri ri.c lru rlr,irrlr
pinonit ragiam n6ng..lu kiirn Lorrgsc la tarn tlroi. loirr b,', qr,i rrinlr cu:iic 1.,,.r , ,, rlr: cl.ir, li,rrr b,r,i. r

duan.

Giai doan thu nh6t sO kem theo vi€c tao thdnh pirxonit vi) girinr n6ng d0 Iiir\m ronu. Luturg
pirxonit t6i da tip trung trong dung dich d giao cli6rn l', giila dudng cdstic hiirL Iil) r'iL rlLLilrg cdn bing
NM. Giai <loan thir hai s€ kdrn theo su phin hty pirxolit vi tlng nr)nq c1d kiirn t0ng. PJrin Irr'r1, loiiq
todn pirxonit vA dat diln n6ng dO t6i da, bang ning d6 ban diLr s€ xil r.r tr ciiirri li. .hii gi;ro rrh:ru gitra
dLLdr:g thang cLia nhiLng n6ng tlo kidrn tdng bing nhlLr ,li qua tlidnr li loi clrriluq cin bing N4N. rr6ir
ckran PR Giai rloan thLi ba tuong Lirrg vcri sLl c6stic hri:r thco dulng tlii-rnl. cic niris cli kiirn t61s i,j1g
rrirlrr Kl. cho den khi gip,luotrg cin bdng O\l ,i Jicrrr ,/.
'thuc thu kidrn cOstic c6 th6 tinh theo hinr luo..ng ki€m co\tir \rl ki.'nr erelrorrrt trorrg clung
dich sau khi c6stic h6a vi theo hinq sii ciin bing (K).

N€u dung dich chtta y g-rrl.r/ OI I vd x g-aro1 COz thi:

T/osr'..:
z_+_:, _ (\'rr-7)
^. L)'")
:

'fhgc thu u dLrgc xric dinh theo ding

thilc:

( vlr-s)
v l'2x

Mu6n biiju thi dai lumg niy thdng qLra hing sd cin bing thi phuorrg trinh cir thi chLry6n d6i
nhu sau:

./ -..-/
x l-rl

llay ld: rr = (vr t-e)

2y+ K 1t
1'

Theo nh&ng s6 lieu da c6 [ll thi thuc thu kidm c6stic gidm khi tlng q[ier do costic h,u, co ld
li do <16 hda tan cia vdi giim.

I </
 iil\. o rri,i :ri rr'-r'-,, (juii tfirllt cd::tic lroa dLloc licn hiinh o 60 - 70'Cl. Song rnnc dii thuc
'rir.

rlrtt ci, li:rr. tiin iriirh lrhiin irir r, i .iLrng dich drrn nt,r'; clen I00"C vdn loi lrorr. r'i lirn ling t6c <10
cl. 1..'r:rf '\. i:r' t,..1 l:... .Ir(rn \!,i- Jo r-;.rrI J, rrlr,'t.rrr dung drL jt rit;LCt), kdt tinlr tot
i,.rr 1'r.l,r l.,r:, r... rninlrtirri durtc 'l.cl. Lr.rrr diLr d,irn dic lron. rrrr l,lr,'rg sq Lit tLil
"l'c:r'crtl.i
clcbonltL f,Lr |.

i{irLr ,,,Lrc r':rcii sach tlin giin do, girra 2 -i dg 19 gtl natri cacbonat trong dung dich s€ drip

iflrq tlrLri 1i :.;rr ::L:ii.

2. 1t\tl/ il(i()\'C CU,i .ilrOr"I'RONG DLtI'G DtCtt MEt\ll\'.1Tlll (',1CBONAT

Dt:.\ ('a).\:1 la' l lO.,l
(;rr r Li.) c,r-;iii: i:,a l,,i lri n rlr,,c ra; rlLlnl; cir,r e:rc iltrrrg rJich natli cec[]onlt slch. IIanh vi cua
cfii: dLrril ilielr ullLr lrLrng klri,-r irinir ri crra chc Jung clicli s,rch. clrLr virt l.r do r.rtri eueb.rrat nriu hung
.. I t '",r. .ii lr Iritr i . r.,;. i.. r:,ir rt'-t ii'rt llrr. l. \.r rr. . i,rri tritrlt ,t, lri. tr ,,rr. -lrurrr: li rirt,l
ci,.tic lrillL ll.ti ciLrl'l ,iicir nrl. Ilrlrc irit Irr,rr.

Iilri irurI iir]r cia xuong rrhorn Lllan brit diLr linr vi0c l3l, ngLrdi ta nh.ln
ririiL i,i co.;tic lri,rr
Ilr,. ' , l ii.;i:i ,.ril .. rif' r.-,lLrn: Jiclr.li r., ttr rlri.lt irr3t'ru k',i r.r, l' klr,'i .in tring)1,'tr
"i
hrtir rrhiiu so itii riir;rir do rutfi c.r!l),'nirt lrung plrirr lurrg cir.r lril)'io phir clua vrio tlriir bi ling. Hi6n

lrh .'r r\ . I ,l lr.ri'- r\( . r'l,

l. lilri coslic lr.a si,liirr kit tira cacbouat kep klr6ng bOu rring. Trrng thict hi linq. eric rrru6i

rr:ir, lririn hirr r,:'r r:rti.i cacb(riir'. 11i rrio ilun{ dich. liirrr tiing ndng do natri cacbonat tlong nuitc xa rl.
lr.;r rir, .r.'l .r ,t:i... .r' ..1r Lri lr"rrl rrl,rr,,,i LrrkiLrt Lrrrt ricc noi llen kl..,l!, tlte tro Ihittlt
.rj r.r . l ;.
' .r . r ' l i t 1 . i r 'r'i lrlrrrlirr.rt tr,' .:r, .l,rrt,liclr currg rt:'lriilr lrrrtt tlrar Jli c.irt
, r

'

biirrl khi ri,,,l ic lrr,l.

L I rorr ilt rs \a\' 1a trrong tlc giiLa canri cacbonat \,e natri allrminst. d0 tao ra canxr

h1'dlLralrLrtiint vr'r nalr'i cacborrLt. Soirg nirilng thi rglrinr c6stic h6a dung dich natri cacbonat
alLrnrinrt tmns nhLilg tlitu [ir'r tir,.-.n:: tu nhau o xuring kh6ng clro pl]cp tirn tlril hit cu sLr thel ddi

rr..',', | ||' ..'r, l.i,lr rt.irr' lr.:.1.1. rl!, l.li ',i; d;nir r.,rr', r. rr; lrr,,rrg nalri crriLr.,rrIrt llrtrrg nuerc rr
ra tiL thiit l,i llng bro gid ciiii-t liirrr lhco giinr lirirn iuorg Al:Or trong nuoc nary. thco rr6t ty 16 mol
rrl.." ii | , ,ir rr. r r, -,.r'lr . i: ri lrrorrr' tir qi.r.r I ;1r O i,ii nalli alrrrrrirrrt ,r',,rr tlridr bi lin8.
klrirrg l.rnr thr,,'ti,ri luong kiirr tring. nhrrng lai Jinr tiing hinr ILrlng NarCO,. t;ir tlru)ct nr) duoc
tlrttc rrlriirt rlc rihin. f)Lrni: rliclr kicnr tii hLrlin phir sarr khi c6stic hoa cltroc clro titp ',ric voi CaO vi
Cl:r(l(1. tr,'rrr:, bin itiir (bing.32).

Bong 32.

155
 KOt qui tucrng tic rlung djch sau khi costic h6r vrii C:r(OtI)1 r'i fllC{i.1

Dung dich ban diirr I)ung (liclr sinl trf., n

c Cho th6m theo

rlurrng luong o/o

so
,d.
,. viri Na2O tdng '!
19
€ o '2
trone dung dlch 7. o c
(/) Z

I CaCO3 80 i05 91,55 19,94 1,2 1'7 'l

? CaCOr 80 80 94.55 19,9.1 1.2 ,,,,1,.,;i

"t2..2

3 Ca(Ofl)2 100 90 102,30 11 \1 17.+i r03,4 (,.06 I 0.9

I
4 t)a(OI I)1 100 6t) 102.30 12.51 17.45 3.1

5 (laCOr 80 vi
Ca(Ol I)1 20
I 0_s 94,55 19,9,1 1.2 ;, I ,;; i
I i,7

CaCO; 80 vi
6 80 94.5,5 19,94 1.2 96,4 t.0l
Ca(Ol l)1 20

CaCOl - 80 vd
7 Cla(OI l), 40 105 94,55 t9,94 1.) 96,1 ,1.4 6 I

CiaCOl - 80 vd
Ca(OI I)2 - 20
8 EO 94.5 5 19,94 1.2 9 6.4 1.,.2

So sinh luolg ting NaCOI r,d luclng giim Al2O3 trong chc drug dich c6 cho thCnr CaCO1, co

thi! nh6n thiy rarrg cri 3mol Na2co3 tu'oxg img v6i khoing lmol AIzo;. Di€u ni-,- chu;t to tricanxi
hydroaltrrninat duoc tao thinh:

3CaCO, + 21.'laAlO, + 4NaOH +aq <,,

++ 3CaO. Alu O:l.nI{2O + 3Na2CO1 + aq (\'ll, lo)

Song hirrn lugng Al2O3 cfing giim so vdi mfc dO tr.rong t\r treng dung d jcir c6 rhiia C:;r(OI l)r,
chring t6 ring tricanxi aluminat c0ng dutrc t4o thinh theo phin irng:

3CaCOr + 2NaAlO2 -+ aq r-

156
 ,- lCaO.Al:Or.6H:O I 2NaOII i aq (vrr-11)

T1o1g liirr\1g lrop ni1, kdr tira hr rh..x lLurr irrat khdng th6 ktnr thco tlng h2rnl lurrng rratli

cacbonar tr,.jr!l durr:j rliclr. l-hLrc vi1. 6 circ tlri nglri€m 3 r ii '1 natri cacbonitt trong dung djch cdrt girittr
cli. Nsll.0rr 1|i1 c,.i thi lri do srr l.|qing cin binll cr.r:r cic dung oich bart cliiu v6i r'6i vd do su c6stic hria
.t .- ,.
b6 sLrng vi tirinr loi. t. l, <- ,+(, tr ;

l;"rl- Jitrr Il.t 'o't'. lr, l.lrlllgdi(l r'.rlri(.1!l-\'nill alrtttrittr't "xi rlSlli.-1;r co llt' llSlll rirni'
dai bo 1-.lrirr lr.. rilLrllLrprirrat liCt tLra do trr(mg liic g:irLr Ll'rttg diclt llLrrnirrrtr r'oi Ca(Oll)2 hr)a liin niriiLr

hon so r.rli(la[]Or. rt iLriik;i diLr cira qu:i 1r'inir cr'rslic hca. Songtliirr rr'l khortgrjy ra, rin5lLr're lai tlri

hanr lrrirnl: Itrtri cr,:1ro;ta1 trLrrrg nuoc ra ti thial bi lang da ting len.

i..lIr Lr: . .,,iie Liirr ,.in rrr,ir. lf.r, . li. rr rii hanh .U.li- lr,,. \,,, .r lrcll lrr) ( rt t t t",i .,ttt
riii trong thjit bi Irirrgt ni'' ntoi lrrong tlc r6i clLrrLll dich alutnin:rt tli tno thinh hlclroalunrinat. n-gtr;e rl

1:rrp t..,'r: .,,r,,:r i' ',lrn r rr.rrirrrr ilrr ,,,i:ri l .rrrtrr.,i culLlrti trtttlr "r1-rii l16 t ci Itre ci.ri tl iclr tlr,

i.:iln do circ 1r'rr': thir .'in bir;c cia lil NllO - '\i,O. .- ClO - (lO' FI:O thinh i6) l1l'

l
i :t''
rl
aaaOi

:1

,ai,o /.llol.(H 2c

,c loar 15'1-l :31 lla :oc

l'lfh 56.1'l;l phin .Lr.r rji.ln .i6 tr!ng thiii ciln b;ng ci) h6
lri2O'l : Cl C.rO CO2 rJ2{l ip dung rlto qrri lrinh e,'ve

I.i,.r l, I'ir,'i .'r. r'ilt;t Jo Il 3ioi Irrl' lt ,t lrttt tl:tlricacholrill lfol)! tlrrrrg,liclr kierrr rllttttlittrlL
f)rrrrg cliclt nirn tlin clLrirng liy. sc clrrir bdo hzlo nalli cacbottat. Nhinh tr.ri l.r dtrong citn b.lns eostrc hoa

6rtri cu,.:birrrat trorS (lung ciich kiint aiurninat. I'ha rin b6n viing trong t6t ca cic clung clich n:ir ben

triii cira rluc,lg chi lri Cr(iO1. Cac clrrng '-li'h rl \hi ti6p ruu vtii cattxi h}'droalutninat se phin lrLrl'
nil
n6 thanir cirii kei tirr Cr(lor vi Iarn cho NaAl()2 hia tau theo irl']ill nng (VIl-10)-

l-r,ng ]rlrrr vui ninr giir,r hrri drronl hi.rr ,liin thi phrr rin ben r'frng li 3CaO.Al:O:.611:O.

Drgrg rlicI rirn yrrg cir:rric lrria chira gin 80.q,/ i..]rr:o...r, rri 20g,? Naro". 1).en giin ,16, thdnlr phiti ctt.l

tlung rliclr u;n, r" .,,.i phia rrli cira duorrg c6stic hiia. trlc li trong virng bOn virng cr.la CaClOr. Vi r ii)
n0u lirc ri.'|r cislic lroa co tao tltinh canxi hyilroaluminat do ltrong tic trtrc tiaI gitia rlrrrrp d!ch

alrrrnili.t rtrir6i. rhi nrral srrr cl6 no b1 phin hirl: vd chi tJ6n cuoi c,'stic horr. khi thanh phrtn cirr dung

157
 clich nim trOn dLrong cin birng thi cic pha rin bCn vlulg se ld CaCO. r,i crnri ir.. iilorlLruriirrt: lrol) Lhilr
nnl crrng b€n r ring trorrg tlricrt bi li g.

Giin tld tr€n hinh 56 tluoc xay dlmg de dirng o nhi6t d0 95"C ch,r cr'ic dur q ciich c6 ti.s6 costic
bang 1,65. N{ic dir tr€n gidn dO kh6ng phen inh nOng d6 AlzO;, nhuni: r i rlLrrrc ri;., drntg clro circ chrng

LJi. lr co cirn3 mot Iv si .ostit. cho ltin theo n,"n,.r ,1o crlrr Na_O. co the r ., ,l: .l l, r,- . j,., \'.r:t Al ' ' . \ i

trrcia duong corlic hor it phrr thuoc iro rror)g.1,-' irr Al.O trrrrr',,lrr '.,li.lr. r,ie li'r:u', \. r,r,.

giin d6 niy ciing c6 thd 6p dung cho cic dLrng dich c6 u. khdc.

Tr€n giin dd ciing kh6ng phrin rinh ndng dd cira CaO, nhung il0 hir tarr cua rrri tlong clrrrli
rlielr kidm - aluntin:tl vo cirnc be.

Cdc sO lieu tr6n bring 3l cho th6y li .qiirn nhiOt 116 cue huy jl phir ri lirl .:i1ir1 ./r1.,0, t1r1s

durtg dich (phin ir';rg tao thinh canxi ltydloalunrinrt dich sang phii). I Ir.llorrlrrnrinlt iriil thco nrirt yui
.,5 tleu 1:1 cltrcrc tao thinh khi tuong tic giiia n.rtfi alLrmitrat vdi CaCO: lroric Cia(Ol I)r, tirY thu0c Yrjo
lurng v6i du. N€u lLrirng r.ili cho vio theo tirtlt torin chi clir 116 c6stic hrrrr rrtr i crLcl,onat. ni.i hhons trrrlr
,litt lLrong r'6i de tao rlr:rrtlt ltr.lroalttminilt. tlri Ir,.rlr ellit n.rr .lLrut tl , tl..,i.l' el, r ',.1:r l r (;1{ , r 1111.,1 -
hop cho dri v6i thi nri se tic dung r'6i alunrirral. tao ll)inh h;'clr',..rrlrrnrir,rr Vi r''r1. rlil r.rr- tlrrrc llru
ki6nr cdstic, ctin lirn vi0c trong dieu kien thiia r,0i. Di€u ni'rv sii rrrl-rn ngiil llrcr,t iic r rii crrrr.'.r

cacbonat, lim ting n6ng d6 cua natri cacbonat 1long clrrrg dich.

Quan sit qtli trinh c6stic hrSa ir xuong nhorn Llran cho thil, ii rii tlal rlCr tlurrl llriii ciin l',1r,"
phii giir huydn phir lrong thii:t bi cdstic hiia kirOng it hol 1,75 giir. Ilong cliiLr ki.r1 1r'rr'. giu 75Yo
Alror tir dung ilich chuy€n vio canxi hydroaluniinat. r'ri gAn 3 +.q.'7 111.11, cin lei rnrrrg riunq rJich.
Khi rua cin r'6i bing nurlc thi khoirng l/3 alrrrnin hda 1an lrci iaj. cdn sin ,15')', nlit rheo cin. (lo tlru
giinr dirt ngdt t6n th.'it AIror n€u cin drroc xLr ly bing.lung clich natri caclroulrf .

Nhu viy, cld cdstic h6a drroc 85o/n dtrnc clich nltri caclton rl. r' L rr, rr i i,rr., ( :t I j.tL,,1l rt lto;
li07o so vdi luong hop thirc tinh tlreo natri cacbortat. trong do rl5% riirnl rli rrl tlir'-r;! lryrlrc,trlLrrrillr,
coI 85% cho qui tnr,h costic hoit.

1'hdnh phiin ctra natri cacbonat c6 miu hung cii r'rnh hrrorg ddrr c0ng ilo11 c6:iic lrir. No chira
cing it dung dich tuin hoin thi him luong NazO. r,ir AllO3 lrong ciLrngtlich b:rn clirr c:'rnl l1ip. nra
dietr niy l:irn tdng thuc thu ki6rn c6stic vd ting nalnLl sLrit cia c6ng dolrr. Nhier iit) cri;rg:"i1lr Irrd1p 1in

rldrr coslic h6rr. Cin phii giir rrlri.lt drl cao klroni llirir'g trong thier I'i e. .i. 1,,,.r. r.:i cii r:u1 . 11,1", 111

ling, bdi vi o nhi€t d0 cao it tao thinh canxi hyclroalLrrninat, do d6 giarrr t0r tlrlit A],O. kl:,-iir 3 hoin lai
va Blrnr luong lteu ton ( nu.

r5g
 \[r]iLi NII(J\i ll\ l)l(C)XlT

I .,\' i i i'; t". I i .:i t Li i)o I l' i 1,1 l,''l c t{ ( i 7- ti t : (' 1iI11 NLnrG
)lp1,l l:r g1ii..,:1 .,,n1r c,,iii cun3 tltrrrg tit ci ,raLc plrrtinil plrip sin xrtit rltrnrin. I)0 sach. d6 httt

r I fhi\nh lrlr,:.n li\ lrhii,,g \ iLr t0 qLrfit dinh cllitt lLrcrng cita altttlin dirng cho ditrr phin
'litit
1'r,35i., c,.r,l ,1j srch rr i,nh ;Lr,n3 e rir rrir c['rr elrit lLr.nl nhorn kh6ng cin phii gilii thich Do

Irat co lrh lrLlor,.t l.hric nlrirLL ri.rl cic chi ti6Lr cli0n lrhin: irat bd nlriitr sC lirlr tting rlrit nrit do ba1'trui.
eirn clic lrlLt l,],n rhi irir lirn cllitlr tlong chit cli0rr plliir ri tlirrg Lrinr trirr t1ii1 bi',-liin Ilrirl
-l
iili rr1:r3. LSi,rrl 1rlr1i ti1\n bir trlLrnrin ciiLr'' in llrirrlt rr AIlC),. rtlng alltrtrin ki lhuat. ngoii o

.,\11O,. lLri,o lttittt cLi clltra ,' r\l;Oi c6 khi corr cii Irtot it L)olLlill ehLrng h 'l t'rlr lr.ll!I e h'rL tli'irl phin
r,,, t1. ,,,.l..ri.. r.lr.r r. i,'r, ;,,1 \l,ri. r,'ri,u \i, ll,.i r,lr.,,r ri kirlr rlrrl e e rt.r. ,- ritt r ll)i. lil'L.l lllrur'i-
iliiLr niv co Lh€ unh hrrrrrrg lt'rrr tl!,rl ticln trinll dit)rl pharr.

liarir lrL,rnll lic clrit irp 1r,,rtl,t xltttltirr lt'r ttllLr lt'ratl toin phlr thu6c Ilto d6 sqch c[la rlh6tn

Irr iltoxit trrrn diu: tlrrri'r s clrr lrirrn tlriy vrii vi hinr luong Na2O. SiO, r'i lc.:O-, Na;O con
sLr sai I6ch

lai it hlrr 116 bi4' 6,ri. cirl Si()1 r i f'c-t)r llri niri[Lr horr rlo su ntii nrdn cria titotlg 1o. dr.rc biqt li ir r iln{
1rlriit cl,j crr,r boi r.i rl. rilr,r clirIr1t IhiCt cl6. gaclr cliiLr lLil Lri tritl r'i Vo I trn. \'i vlll, c1i'l ior li' n',,tg v6tl
di c1uu1 1rr,;1 1r'r cir,rn qrch cirirr lrrr cinrg- birr. chiu nlri0t vri chru dttoc nhitlg thtr) ,lui nlliet d6. O
viing rrlriit '1,^r
crto. lir cl'rlc. lit h:rng satttot co hittt lLtong alttttlill cao

irgiii,i tu rrhil rlri1, rang talng nhict cl1) nung hr tlroxit vi giirnr chit luo. ng lLrclng lo sd lirrn ting

11ltr'ing s i I,i,:1r r.iir,r itini li(, l Na;O. SiO' vi I'e2O. ttott.r alLltllttl r,i trt,ng hrdtat b;rrr tliLt

l)r, Irat cira ulLrrin chLr r'0rr clo Itich tlrrL6c cira cic hal hl drat qrryet clinh. do do d6 hat nay chi

ric dinir hiri c,itl.t til' alLlmin clr. tric ri nghiip di tttni cAtt dtri vr-ii cic xLI6ng dien phrin thi do hlt

cira alrirrin tiLtot: tllltlt rli;i rhco rl6 lttr cita hltllnt ll:rn rliu

1i, i kiin (\1. i:.. Lonrpanicts Xrrong nh6rn Uran) clto ntng di6Lr kiOn nttrrg ciine c6. rirrh

l,,r ;r...: .:^i,".i..:,1 tpit .,i rr. I'lri d,;rtrl, trtrt.'. IrrJrrt plr:ri .hirl rlltiitr clltrr''itt bierl cn tlri
]:iru thal rioi cli hat cua ltydlat bari claLr. Ctic tinh thC hl,dragitit 16lr s€ bi pha huy khi nLrng nting, dirc

bier liL cr i:irri dozrn khi nu6c ilirr 1i6n. Ngul.€n nhin plri hiry cic tinh thd h)drat ban cliu li do su ket

trirlr l..i il,i i,.rr ir,.,,, crc 1.rr.r r.r.\i (\1 L. l.,.,rrrp.rr'ietsr. lu\ rrlri(rl. nlrirng lrifn trrqlrg rriy klrong nlrit

tliit 1!1r rrr;6 t6 6at cira aiirrrin so vdi hlclrat ban diu N4u6n c6 su thay d6i niy thi khi nung kfch
Ihrr.-c cirr cic k,lt hrch cin Phrii thav d0i. bi,i vi chinh nh0ng k6t hach nay quyit dinh tlQ min cha

ll'orrr l:-r lr' '..it r' r , rr.r rlrttrritr. ' lrti klrorts plr:ii .rc tirrlr tlri tro tlrinlr cdc kit lrrclr rrir '
159
 SLL thal'd6i tlrinh phin dd hat ctja alumin khi cli qLra ciic r.irns nhj..t dc'cLla 1r) nung duc/c
rtgltiert cirrr lr.,nJ lhongtlti lglriinr 'tlrF nlru tro,rg r,,,i rujr. Ltr.r' irruI so ,:rr.lr L, L ,1.,., j1lrl1 liurl r.,\
cdc miu rlurrrin liy tu xuone nurrg ri rniu hldrrt brn dirr.

Srr chLrr,6n bi€n AlrO3.3lJlO -,' Alror.HrO rluoc ng)tiin oirLr ir 250 r:i -l_s{)'lt: ,\1.0,.11:O
- ,.

- Al2O3 ti 490 vi 930"C, vd y - AlrOr -- c - AllO3 d 970 v:i I20{J"C.

Ilydrrt rrlrurrr oxit ban diu co tlrrrrir plrirr nlru sru:

Loai, nrlt sing + 140 140+t00 -200+25 0 -214

Trolg luolg, % 6,7 20,9 17,0 22.6

MAu hydroxit, nrrng l6ng d€n nhi6t i16 di cho. dLro.c siri rrong 0.5 r n .i.t)lr, nriri .,iirr khi thiCu
clLloc phliti tich qLrang tinh th0, rongcu rr) ri;.; ngor)i ra cdn xric dinli luiil.: rrriiL l.lri lLrrq.

Flinh 5? cho thAy cdc chi tlcLr Lrtict qtltng tanI nh-rnlr. crrng vi)t sLr tin,] nhiit riLr ririiLr Irl,clroxit
giia 250 .150"C, khi hydragilir ,.hurin thiirrh honrit \'.1 s.u Lk'r siita 910 1200,(.. khi 7 ,\J1O1

cltttlin tlr.rrrl.,r - AllO;. So s3nll i..l rrirr giti nyr 1ii, 1111 .1r tlrrrri.n plr: trcr,. rrr.... .,iii.ll. rir:rr
1.,,ln
hinh hoirn toirt hon. Anh chup r','ni-un crlc rriu sarr khi rhictr hlelragilit ci 250''C trL,ng thoj gian 0.5 r,l
4h (hinh 5li) chrilg td ring chirng vin gitr ciLr trirc ban cliu, nhrrng r,urir hien r.,: .lrr,,rr,! etr.r bosrjt yi
c6c drttirrq niv c<)n rit )'6u .liii \,6i rliLr thieu trong 0,5h. Mirr srLr Iihi tlri€u Irvtl-rrrii1it Li .l50"Ci rronq
0,5h cri ciLr lritc btrmit nhung tren irlt
ilii thil'rd cic drrrirrg cLia ,,- ,.,l.{.), rrir crrung di)
chLrp rongcn

tiing ctng v6i thr)i gian thi6u. Di€u ndl,ciing nhin thAy khi nLrng miLr o" 4()0"C. CIii I:|ric li phin bcrmrt
di chuyon thanh y - Al2O: 16rr iron, so v6i thi€u d 450"C.

j-
)l +--.:=- --.
- -
,.',.
.4.'
5
a.:,'
aa

1:

IIinh 57: Phu thudc giira hLonq rr,At khi nung vd chi ti6rr chi6t quens N r(ri nhiCt cli LjrijLr;

l: \1ir nrroc khi nung voi nrirr thicu 0,Slr

I : rnit nuoc khi thiiu voi mirr rhiiu.lh

160
 ]I: N sau kIi thictr 0.5lt

I] : N sar-r l:hi tliiiu.lh

'lioirg c;ic nriLr thicu h,r'tlrat o 930"C xuit hi€n nhilng du(,llg cLia u - AllOl .licu rlil'rd hon
khi nung o 1)70"C trong.{/r.

i...: rjrr'l clrLrl in tiip cir h1 6r.at .5irr' rrxit dri dui-'c ngtri0rt c,u ti mi t.onq chLLorig Il.

161
IIinh 59. Anh chup td vi hydlat vi alLrrrrin thi0rL ,. l05rr r . \ 1,i,, . llr..ri, .r I.r.rr,,,:..;r.

|,lghien cim iiong phdng thi nghi€in i'iiih huiirg ci'iri iihiit ilil i ri ihiii girii :rii;,r1 iie :i ii1 iiii
chfng td reng dtln 1200'C khdng cri su khiic nhatr I6n giira hlclrat b.,r u.,u '.,1i !.,,: rrr:ir -.,.r \lri rLuig..
lJi6u nir cing rrlrin tlriy klri :o sft,h l,ilc plir,l tich nir cic rrt,rr lrr,l:',rr' '. , r.1.,::rin l hll :urtr
trong chc ld c6ng nghiCp.

Crc tlc giii Hlltig ve Cinsberg lll cr'lne tlrLr cluoc nl)iltJ.., li.rr i,r,,r :, ;r:. .:r li:r. .iri,lr rr,.ru\itl
nhan cia hi€n tuong ndy li do tao thinh aluniin dLr6i dang cric cii lrlnh thco hydrat bln cliu. frong
nh[ng tructng hop nAy pha mor ruit hi€n n--rr tron,s nhirns gi6i lran hinh hoc cilr plllr cii, tlo cl,i
alumin giii kich thu6c vi hinh dtng cLin It;dr;rL birn cliLr (hinh 59). Stlr,.t cliiLr nri;'citi:r',i,r.l d0n ur0t
nhi€t d0 thiilu nhit dilh, khi cio gii hinh alrroc tlo tirirh cdn dr'r bcl. 1'.il:l llri;r J,., Lrrn! rr,)r,,1 liinr ch{)

d0 bin cira cric gid hinh giim vi liir, cllc don tillr tlra t njrp. ,:uiit at bi .1.: i trlr), Irrrr
ph0n hiry, :lr.il ,

ting do bily bui cua llurnin. Sri uir:rn ir.:r' r.',,,-i r) ;'.'t Cirr , ll::.r,1., ..0 | : ::,',. .:.1 ,,1',1 ,, ,.. , , ,

khi ting nhi6t d6 vi dLr6i inh hu6ng oia tir: riqr:,. fc liQc. Tren hirih ij(] r,il iin lrlLrnril ,.:iL: khr ,rLrri,l
hydrat ki thuAt ti I350"C(a)vdcfrrgalLtnritlni'r':.r,:khi vin chu,,,lir 1,.r, ll,,rrr., Llri r . l. .,

J iin li
ou. Alumin
60. tj)u'(- tru6c
o 1i50oC
Alumtn nung d vi sau khi
truoc va vin chLry6n
khr viin chuygn bing khOng
klrong khi ncn. X 100.

a) tru6c khi vin chur'€n; b) sau khi vin,:huy6n.

Tt d6 k6t ludn IA chi c6 th6 diing phan tich rdy hydrat ban rliu rld ddnh gi6 t16 h:l cr'ra alumrn
sau khi nung d nhi€t d6 kh6ng quri 1200"C.

\52
:..\t't't1L ni( (;L uti'.1 roc Do Il0A TsN AL('\llN ]ROAG CHAT DtEN
p]hh, I'.'i TOit :HAT'FLO L/}TTIL,|NII t'HAttr pn; cLJA .lLLtIIIN
'i'lrco \,ainrL thi tiriri
1i,rn cin rhi€t cii khoi pirLrc hoat dring Lrinlr thrLdng cua bd cli4rr phin phu
lr r,crir liii.ir '.:r i, l, li .r i,.n.rlrlr)irr rr, rr .lrit ,liin phan. Vi'r'ttn,irr rnrg ltort chatdiitr Plrirr rrr

rrliirn chril, long. riin rrirr n6 kh,in3 lipr horr trrr trorg khi hng v)o lirp di6n phin thi n6 si di qLIa lop

rrl,. rl l,,rr" r.i r:r. r, ,.,l.iv b,.1 di.1rr Plr,,rr

r lr.11 ' .1 l.'P rr. nr ling Jir 'liir llr,'ng tor. Iirr tatri,li.ltt;i1'
lt(.t. Lt(.\..i | .,t.i ...r,tt ti\.j .,.I rt,\ n .In-1.

D0 irat, ciLr trfrc va thr\nh phin pha rinh hufrng den tdc dg hoir tau alurllin. Khi nghi6n cim dnh
ir . rr ". r ;i..r.ri' 1 ... t: r ,. r. LiriLtcor:r xdc lrhri,t ri'r: l,in: so toc ,lo It,'r lalr cua y - Al7U. '" ri'r Ll

.\ 110.. lon lrorrkhcinrq 7501.

' i,. r'l, r,ituttirt .uiil i, r r..il .'lll.llill. l':r'.. t. c 'l,l

c'nt,tg h,)l lnn. cnr.phI

ll00 9100 0.001.11

!)00 8000 0.0015 4

3eiiac,, r'i I)hir'::auova clri ra rang t6c rJ6 lroa tan alumin gidrn ddt ngdt khi ting nhiet do tu
\00 d(:n l'nn"{ . ,l:rc hi.rr tr ,loi r Ai alurnin nrr-l 6 '100"C va '.oi srr ei' rnit cr;a Alfj larrr chat klrolrrg

ll('ri:

l"iijiai (i.r rlri:i:1. "(l ll0t) 1000 li00 lt00 1200 (co AII:3)

-l
itiri !iarr lrr'lr lrrr. . li) t5 t7 }l i)s

1i ,i cn.Ll

liiiiir 6l: inh hLrottg cira ti s6 criolil dan t6c dQ hcra tan 1 r'i a-Al2O;:
oQ
1,11;11 . I .\l r ) l: 00 fh,ll., - \l O
1(r3
 'I6c d6 hda tan clc ihir hinh alLtmin c0nl pirLr iiru6c vio ti :ir erioiii ria cirii Lli-:rr plriirr, lliLi
trinh b)y trcn hinh 6l[21. lheo chc tdi li6u khnc thi, khi ti s6 criolit binrl 3 rt,Lr tlir jrr)rr trrrr y - Al,O3 li
20Yo cdn khi ti s6 crjolit bnng 2.'1 thi lcvn hon 100%. Cinng theo cric trii liirr niLv. lthri nlrng lrorl larl
aluntin duoc daic trllng bing h0 s6 K, biiju thi cho ti s6 giira hdm lLrolg cric hlt hj 11r;r 60rrar so ytji
lrinr luorrg a - Al O, trong rlumin.

D6i voi cOng nghi0p nh6rn, ngtldi ta khuven n6n nlrin alumin co hc s6 f.' cin bring l. viri hl)r1
luonp 7 - Al.O, b,.1. Cri. rhi rrglrier clrfrng r., rlrrr-' llrrrrirr If.lr: Ju lt.rj,;.r,0 .:,f ,11,r.,:.J:rr:rr r. l
trong chdt dp n6ng chiy ngay ca khi hiinr lLrolg o - n lrOr tr.ong alrrr,ril ..r!, r.(i,lu ,j\ll ,,).

Mdt tinh chit quan trong cira alumin. clirrt cie dp rh6nr la tirrlr I rrr .rnr, pirLr rl!Lr, . , iru nSiit (10

rtttt.' r r'r llrattlt lrlrin 1'l,x ( ul Jlutr;r.

Strocov dit chi ra [rng, alurrir nung o'rrlricr clo tir 950 cljrr l](i0"L. cri d6 hirt iH lin Dlrri
nhaLr' Nghi€n c L'r'Ll cira ciic thc gia khec cr'in-q rho nlrLinr lit qui rrnrlrl Irr i3l.-l rry phitrl- 11rirl phri. ,/

Al2O3 larn tang tOn thdt khi nung alumin va do do cilns liim ting rrr rr rrrijt ll\, Liri l-i -r ir,p tr,rp!: diclr
criolit 16ng.

I lim lrrong o. - AltO j. o/o

t5. 40 :10 50 6|) it) i;Ll (.,0

'I
6n thdt khi nung, % 0.1 0,6 0,5 0,.1 t).l 0.1

'l'irn th6t flo. g/kg

I1,1 t2.1 t0,5 3. -i 6...l t.u 1.1

Co lE Vi thd rrri cho ddn nal vin d3 thdnh phil llha \i do lr.1r L(,r rlr.,t r:ilr.rl.rLriirr riLrpg clro
di6n phlin r,5n chLra ro.

Theo j ki6n cfra cic nha nrihi€n cuu llrrngari tlii alurrin dirnq cho ci,nri rllriil lrlr.,rir l)]lili ,-1,)rrr

chir y€tr ia u - AlzO3 c6 kich thLr6c hat < 6Ayn. Vrii thinh phin alLrntir rrjv riri ti,n th1 liLriri llo si it
rrlrit klri dien l'lrirr. Song,' diy I'lrjng tirrh drin rrlr,llS.lri pltihhr nrrr-' ir1rr.rr. 1r.l rrlrrtr,' tlri I 11r.
1,1
ting khi tdng phAn a - AllO3 rrong ahlmin.

Beliave vi Fentrujina [2i khuyOn n€n cung cip cho bd di.ln phiin l]rulirr c;r'p l:hoi19 25 -
30% a-AlrO3 vi 7 5 - 8,0% 1 - AI2O3 vrii kfch thuoc irat trong piranr vi 6r) - 7{11Lrn.

Hi€n nay cdc xi nghi€p nh6rn sir dung alLrmin c6 thinh phin pha khric nlr:ru, rii 1l11 lLrt;nq cr -
Al2Or tir 25 t16n 100%. Hinh nhu khdng the xdc lip mtit thinh phiir pha r,ii rrLr c6o irir cri cric xi
nghi6p; vi6c chon thinh phin nziy phu thu6c vio cic dj0u kien serr c1i1,: chi phi .10 nulr llrrnrin ycrr
hinr lucmg '/ - Airor khiic:rhau, t6n thit flo tr'ry tireo phdn 7 - Alroj i;cn.q alLrn.ris. cic rjiiu l:iin Lreo

qudn \a chu)en cllo rlllmin d€rr be diin plrin. roc,1,,I.r r rlrr allt,irr...

i 6,J
J. .,ir\/1i I tu'a,,t,tc CLu r,.ic-: (:HiT ]iJio'iI'G I loA DEN

C,!t: IiIrI,T:OI PLI,.I CUA ,TI]ONI Jil,D]IOXIT T/'J OXIT

;
L)i liu n3rroi ta biat f;irg fio \r) c6c rnuoi llo lirrr tang tdc dr'l cLha ciic bitirr d6i pha cua nh6nr

h1clr.'orit Ii linr giinr nhj€t clo crl.r rrlrung bidn doi ni;. Vi du c6ng t1 nh6rn Ale Floge vd Clamarg
khur0n pi.n clro th6rn 1% flo, drrcii dang ciic hgp ch6t cira no, Iihi nung nh6n hydl.oxit. flclexki chi ra
rinit ir 10,.)r)"[). tir h6n hop tLlrg cha] criolit \'oi hLong clLrl - /\l.or nhnn (lut.,c i' 70U'L'. s€ ktjt tia
J r .l.rr1i1 ,l,rci ,l:1rr r.rir lrrllr 'r: klrorrq co cllit Lttorttr lr',.r thi qtri ttirtlr L,i.lrt J.,i 7 - rirrnlr c -
Irrotr,.:

Alz{.). klrcn.r. hoatr thinir ngrri cri 1200"C. Anh huong br cia flo vi cric hop ch6t lo d6rr t5c d6 khti
nuirc vir biin cloi 1 thilh rr Al.r )r cirng Ji cltroc nhiitr Irhi nghi€n ciru khirc n0u I6n (r''X'
'j , trt, .:,r . ).ti, It:- trltuttl Iir'tttl.

. Slrr r:,i ntdt cira ilo cLrn1. rillr hLrdng d6n srr phrit triirr cira cltc titth th6 a - AlrOr: cho thdm vdo
lrrrhacilit 0.i,1,, l;ot tir cic bi rlrcn phiin, chiie 27.ili, llo. ldtu chu nlri,.it d,, chLrrin bie rr 11 - thirrh ct -

AJ,(). lr,r r1.r1l rlirr 1(-i00"(l- 1i11rg 1r()ng tltLorl hop rrr sd uhin tlLt,.ic cic tirrh rlre rit hc. r,li l% bot
lhl ilrroc cri; linir t|i n r -\l'(1, li,u ltort li riri 1.39o t|i l:Li cing lol.

( 11,, llti, li,r l-rrtr tln-t n.rr- .,r.rl L.rr ll rrrrng r,i giirtt suit ticll tin nhidn li6u.
Lll,t:i1 nic,t itrong

!j rit rrplr lrL1il;t cLra ilo,irL riLr,re nglri€n ciru ti ni trorrg plr..ing thi nghi0irt cilng nltLL trong citc ld
\nr: r'r,r " rrr"rr', rrl,..r rt .,{\:1. Konl[,3r]i(rs r,r l.l. Litri orll. Hiitt ttrr ihtta Id cu clti litc
cli'ng ctn ll,, Lit\.ino\a vi\ KonrpiLnrrts,.li t16n kit lu.ur l.r lrun3 tit ca cdc ho..p chnt f1o thi hoi FIF ldm

tiing loc cli ihrrvin biin 1 tlrirrlr '' \t.(). rrlriiu h,rn cn: unlr ltttdng ctia cic flortra Ca. Na. AI... li do

lli lrr'ng quii trlnh Ih;rir lrLr,r'rrlriit crc muoi rroi tren. r6i sLr c6 mdt oira nLrlic do h)drat phen
rao thrinlr I

hiri. I)iiu rrrr cLi Llri giii thiclr ilLroc rrh.ln xit cLia ilel.-xki. li r:ic florua lirm girirn nrarth nhidt d6 biin
dor '., thinlr r Al;O:lilri clrLriiolrldragilit,chfrkhdngphli vioy - Al1O3.

\'i I.itviro\.a cho ranll lric dLrng ciia illi khi nung 116ru hldrat li ilo o rrlrict do girr 500"C
K{)rrpirrict,,
..r. lr.rr t, , r l:,,1' 1.lr,r rr..rrl. Ill . l. nr )!:lr cic liir, Lit lh lL nri.rls tirrll llre al'rrrtirr. ri .liiu rr:rr l:ri
cring trinr lin r\:rhiit tlo khoing 90l)"ti. khixdl,ra qul tfinh -eiii phu rranl-, HF. Trong nhinrg clidu ki€n
nr\r rrirrl lLr,rnlr hoat hoa di bi0n ,1, i r, - tlrrnh o - \1.(rr giirrr. dci di) a' 1000"C qtr:i tlinh rld ho.;rn
thr\nh. l)d rrrat co ch€ tdc cliinit cira IIF nd1'. cic tric gia cin cil kh6ng ri€ng tr6n nhlnrg nghi6n ciLu

hong phr)ng llri nrlriirn. nri cl llCrt nlrring thi nghi6rn trong lo cdng nghiQp, khi ho nhin thiy ring Anh

irLrrrng cir:r r\1irl rlin hi6n d6i 1' tlrinh rr - ,\l-o. riLr tir.lp tLrc :;uu khi ngrmg clro thrlnr AlF:, tric ld khi
chrt , ln ; -' ilrt .rc:r \.rLr 1,1 | .r. t.'. .ri:r coi .Lr I'ip 1 lr'r rA lili lrlttt tlr:; dJi rrlrr,r cirl IfF li ngu)a'tl

nhan cfLrr lriin iLiong ni,v. I)i ch,-r1,0n cirnq vrii hldrat doc theo ld. AlFl tuortg t6c voi htri nuoc do phin
hirv hl iirarilit vi\ do chal' circ hvcllo cacbua cua diu mo:

l r\l[i. + 3l llrJ - r\11O3 I 6ll-F

165
 Ilf toa ra so hip php tr€n bG n'rdt cira hr3t 1- Altor 6 500"C. Uirrq gin clCr ctiir (ial cir! lo. daic

bict ld o 900"c, HF dd duoc hdp phu niy se riet ra lgiii phLr;,:irng nanl vd cirng viri liiri d6t. IIF di vi
phi diu rrgu6i ctrr ld. nhung rrdn dudng di n6 bi cric har 7 - Al-O. hip phu rro l:ri. lrrrri l,i:rr srr ttrin
hoirn na1 trorrg phlln vi 500 'lu0 C. HF tic cioug lhu rnor eh,ir rric t,rc. Tjlrrc viy. kiri lo rlua) lxrn
r i6c lien ruc thi chi cin 8kg AlF, trcn lr.ra alurnin, de bi cho rrlit mit fln.

QLran di0rn ili trinh birl' o tr€n vd co ch6 tric ddgn cira flo kh6lg phi [o-p liri circ cenq rrrntr
nghi€n cfru cLia l]elexki - 6ng cho r:ing1 di€u quan trong kh6ng phii Id bin chit cirr cric h.p chit chirr
flo, nra ld lucrng flo. Khi luong niy 16r thi qu6 trinh biiln dOi 7 - thinh c - Allo; trin pilh d nhi0t drl
thip hoLi l000tl. Vi du, khi nung v6i (),3% flo hong thdnh phin bot than chi sau lh irylat lror\n toan
chuy6n thinh a - AlzO3 d900"C: roi l,5o o tlo - o 650 'C' r ri ncrr tiilg thc\i giarr uunq l,]t Sir rlri nhjer clO

niry ha xLr6ng d6n 545 - 550"C. Nhiing c6ng trinh nghi6n ciru niy cfrng chirng minh rinr cho th6r1 cric
hop ch6t chua fio ching nhtng lam giim nhi6t d0 bit5n doi y - thAnh cr - AIlOr, rn:\ ci cira bcrnit thinh
T- Al:Or.

Vi drr. khi cho th6rn 0,1% llo thi nhi6t d6 chLrl'€n bien bornit rhri;rh"y - Al.o, rliirnr rli dg11c 40
50". Cic tinh th6 nhAn duoc trong trudng hn.p nd1, be hon, so yiri khi nrrng bo.nrir lihoirLr cho thCnt

flo.

Phti nh.in kid nang dnh hLr6ng xic tic cua flo d€n cic bidll d(li n6i tr.en, ilelexki clro r-iurg f1o
thirn nlrrp vJn rnqng ctia nhonr urir ri lao tlrirrlt drrrrg dicjr
tjrin, rrlrll,rij\ ..,, Lri..u klri lr:rnl
r.,irr. Srr

tiiln hAnh o thdi tli0m bitin d6i cria bLrnit vii cira y - Al2O3. l.l/rn kinlr cia cic ion llo yil qxi liljc nharr
,n0
rit it f0.6', 1 .o r oi 0.61 ,J r.

Thrirr nhip vao 7 - Al:Or chc ic,n flo linr thay cl6i tran.e lhiri niint lLrcrig cira rlune. tlo do qirip
cho n6 k€t tinh lai v6i t6c d6 l6n hcrrr vi d nhi€t d(l thip hon, tao thinlr phe m6i cri niri lirrrr b6 hirn. Vi
vay tdng n6ng d0 crla flo ldm giinr nhi€t dQ chul,dn bi6n
7 thinh cr - Al1o1. \rin clc so chi rric r10ng
cira flo rl6n Ui6n cl6i 7 - thinh a - AlzO3 ddi hcii phrii duoc nghi0l crlLr 1h€rn.

DIc tli€m cta c - alrtmin nh6n tlugc khi cho th6m c6c florua Li c6 bd rnirt siirr siri (hin6 62)
tuoxg tu nhu dlumin thu dutrc khi nung tr€n 1300'c. D6y la ngul'6n nhiin l:im cho cac har c - AIlo;
ngoic tOt vio nhatt, lim cho v6t li6u v6n cuc lai; cing v6i ti trong c3o, diiu ll-r clL, ph-p gi.Lqr Iuo'g
b6c bui trong khi d6t Id ntrng vd khi viin chuydn alumin. Loai alLrnrin ni-"- c6 d0 tin roi bJ lojr ,eoc
d6 trr nhi€n cia n6 lon hon 40" (doi r ui rrumin nung khong cho therr florLra li 30''). t-rhi s0 chi0t quung
cria loai alurnin n:\1'ld 1,755, cdn ti trong - 3,9 lim cho n6 gin vtii colunrlrrn thi€n rlrier; trong lLr\.)'g
d6ng rit bd (0,78), vi b€ mat sin sr)i, kh6ng cho ph6p cric hat xdp chit vio nharr.

166
 _4^ [ 3n4 M 4b /8,
,W,"
+/\ "y t^A p{c,6
"rv,*qr^
tlri' tdrrl^,r7
\;id*f,u* -
NrnJlftto.,
- ('tk;$r' *i l) Lai A
q": t" ,w""1 {ir, .f
Y
n]'1 c<^; llD
.^ t.:
avveAaua
. k,.3*1
hiZ
jii rr tl:. Il,: i)rirt siin ::iri ct'rt ariuinin tilritt dLrcc :ra,, klli rLulill hvclfat co cho th6rr flor-Lra

i'l|u vi1, lir cli,-r '.irCr;r ltot itLnttg fio khong 1cr (<0,1%' r'io hydrat khi nung sE dua lai nhi€Lr

! illi ioi: t,Lrr!l niir:l surrt io. giarl su..t fiitr ii,n r rcrr ii,:tL. giam rrtit ntfi AllO3 do bay bui

ii;tL:ll lrtn,l,rrlr ri,,. i.r rtutr:.il .;iti , : ii ltLrilir!tllliiltnhicir,liiirplrirIp.ir,.rillLiLrtitrr'lrIi1

Ir i L r r r Ii r r

cring. rl,t r1,i rrii ni,r r l,iinh rir!'clllcng,irrq rlllr Liri rlln chttl0n irar: kl i,rrl khr ttutr; rr - .\l.t l. l,',.r tan
Ilong Iirr li,rr so r'6i 1 'Al1O.. Chc thi nghi6m clro tlrir,r'iurg. khitli€n phin. tirt hon
cliit rli.:rr pirirr

iihunq n€n r:Lrir p11111 tir rr r\l,Or sue h. nrr l.r lir hon hop thua - l0 '109/" ct - Al:O: l'd .' 60 709/o 7 -
r\l'().: cic iir.rL lrlrrrrin nlroic rio nlrlu rli clo dri cri xu hutilg r'6n cLrc. cfrng lAnr cl:irn th€nt clLri tr inh
triitrilt. t, r \.1,, ,., tqrr.r liI'i Jirrr plr.rrr rrlnrrlr clr,'rrA bi .ic l,'1r rlrrrrin dlirg trinl. o Ic dicrr rr:rr

giii thich i'r sro cic rrrc,i.rg o L.iin Xo ngrriri ta rrring fl1'rdad khring cho ther. tlonta. ndc dir c6

' r
I,
r
'
l,ir'1, ,1., l, rrirr. I),, (1,, ri.rri(rl .'r.rrti.1' trl- trortp litrlt \lr\ nil\ciIIlrtt.,tr...:ri,iLl, trilritr
r r r '. ,I
:
,i rr ,
l, ',:rl :nri,r l,l l. r, l'r "rr-.\l tr.e,'.:,rtir. lrirrlr tltui rrl r.l r',i l,i rrrlt kltotlr.il .,li t:iu
rrhal nanlr lrlg. r', ,rrii: rlunril ciia cong t1' nir,inr
'fhLrl Si ir Y. [)iriip vri 'fril' D(rc, khi lurg ltllat c-

llrcur AI-l:.

'i 1.O i,' L; it' G,.i [.1:,\'il,^,1

Lrr qli:l\ 1:' IlI|ci i:t ii ,t llgti,ll

i) c nungl lL1'rat ngLrr\ita dirng lo ong qLra1,, dfir bing l'nirzut hodc lihi lty'rad sau khi rLja tluoc

tr.l \r ii), 'rr.rrr l.' rr, 'r .le tlri.li I'i ro:iv r,r lrr.irr Ll;,n. 1-,"1 q5e ritr'1,' r ieie rrrol- ltit-rrrl,J:r,rl r,jr
dLLng curr Liin Xo . chng li sJ r in hlnh nhirrg ld nri kich thuic r:i cic chi ti6u chinh iliro'c n6u tr'6n

brnir -i3.

Tir Larr lul tr rhiy, Ic\ diri I 10rn va tlrriing l.5rn co rhi cho nhilng clri ti6u tdt nh6t : khi ra v6i
nhict d6 2riii''C vi rrrit tiirr thn rrhiet chi cri 1250 kcr,likg alurni:

i'.lhirnr irl r or it ili ch rs rn tronq Io rgLr oc ch i0u r. o i khi ct6t , cli qrra vr'rng nhi6t d6 nrong rirrg voi

cilc giiri ,1;,rn clrrr-rin l-,i&i pha nhct dirrh. NgLr',t tr cltrr rrcrc chirt chi6rr dii cira ld ra 4 ving . 0 r'irng
tl',. nlri'. ,.. i l:r ur , .r ' J ri I0 l0rr tirrl 'i: ,l .,r r: rr' i c.rJ lo. ; llrtrr'ror r'ru.lrieu diiclt.rrrg c'r:,

t67
 1.,r. n,r'.rc int drro. kltrr rrr lr-r,lr:,1 ri duoc nrrnr, ,tLll!,de1 2000( do rl,, Ll,i l,r .l I .,. ,.. l:. , :r,.rr.. r.r
600 xu6ng 300 - 200'C; ri ving thir hai , goi ld vr)ng t:ich nLrcic ( ciii 2[) -25nrllrr rLL ],.)iir loin c61,\ rrl
thdnh Y-ALIO: vi dLroc nung n6ng dAn d6n 9000U cdn khi d6t thi tLrongr irng si nuuoi tir l0:i0 dd1 (,01)
;o virngthtba, goi iiv
ngnung(ddi 15-30m)vii ji€u duoc nung nirnu niricr iririt , tir !)00 ti6n rl-ju
Y-AL:OI bi6n thinh cr-Al-lO: cdn nhi€t dO cia khi cl6tthi giem tri l4{lrrrr,'rn-r i.'50, u \ iri.. thrJ ru.
chi€u dli 5-8m, alLttnin gidm nhiet d6 ctiSn I100 r,i roivio thii5t bi Iinr n11r6i ric )1r llri,li cl,r r:u61q Jerr

60 - 700c

Thui girrr Al,O, Irrrr lri tronrl,)plrrr Ilrrr,'i \i'' clriill dii '.ir',\. .r,1,.....: 1,. r,..r.i.i-u
,len 155 ph

Ld vi thi6t bi linr nguQi ki6u 16p s6i.

O Li6n xd vi€c nttng hydrat trong l6p s6i Iin ciiu ti6n - rraeie rplir
ciug r,i0n nririirr cin: irlr,irn
Ii6n bang th& nghifm ttong lt) bin cdng nghifp c6'ciu tlo trinh bi1- rlen lrlrrlr (,1. i'!r'r1 iiq;i tlr,r r,,rir
buOng trdn vd tang xu6ng du6i theo iing chiy c6 trang bi cLia van b.rn; r it Iie Lr rlrieu. r\lLrr,rirr uLr l lr idr

d0 1100-1200 theo 6ng b!.ng th6p c6 duuig kirh 50rrrn c6 kh6a nirt garrrg clurrc thio ta Ii6ei lrs6ng
duoi. Nhd tdn th,'lt nhiet lon rr€n dng it khi niio bi nung n6ng d€n inlr sinrr do. DiLr hira clrroc dirnl trinr
nhi0n li€u, duo-c diit chay dutii dang hni truc tidp trong kip alunin lLrc l:r theo nL:ur'3n tiic bi rlrit
kh6ng ngon lta. Khi n6ng tir budng du6i di qua cliy vi tiL cli1, rlico thiat bi :1riLv llrii rr
IGn bu6ng trOu

rrs,rii khiquyin . t rt Irrl rlrrlnin cuon lhco klrr drroc tlrnl tlo lri lolr,i,i , lrr.',i,. r:.Lrr'. irlr.r.r r1.,,4,
cic l6p hyrat va alttntin s6i, ciing nhrt cria khi ra kh6i ra kioi bLrirng clrrrii. clirr rigL:o:j ilo l.irrg cii1,
nh i€t.

Nhrroc cii€nr chLi 1'fu qi1" thi€u hyrat lr.ong l6p siii li niing sLr.r riLn!,. urr.L ir LIrr,n1i,-,r,r- rltr
hyrat c6 d6 hat bi khdng d6ng diu.

ICri tinh toiirr cds thi€t bi thi ngliOnr cong nghi0p vi circ rlrie t I i e ,,n-l rr,rhi..rp 1.riri , r., 5q (t1r!r
th6ng sd crla krp sdi la t6c d6 giri ldng g,ioi han. I'fons trudrg hop nr)v l6n srii cliciirlg e,j l,,i rlii vrii
vit Ii€u khdng ddi hoi nhi€u nhiet vd vat li€u c6 co- hrt lon. cdn hyrat li vit liCLr c6 cd hat bd vi dor
hoi rlriiu rhi€t kJri rrlng. Vi Ii1 ncu dp luc giu rrone I,rp sdi dip rirrg l.',c,1 , : i r lorr,t r,,i lr .rr . ri r

alunrin bdng khoing 0,03m/s thi luorg alurnin thrr clrroc tinh tr€n I nr2 clri,r' li nlrlitr l;Lrine. bins
khoing l00kg/h. tnu6n thu duoc 5t4r thi drrdng kilh cira lo lilp s6i phiLi r:irr 8rn . xip:iil lin 1'r1 hrrn
dtr.nrg kinh crit lo onp cirng nirrg suat.

Di ting rrrrr'lr tting suat crrr Io lop s,',i klri rrrrrrg alurni . l(trl.irr il. Ll,.rr:'lri ,,". ,lirrl, .i:, 1rr,. .,r.,
trong l6p s6i kh6ng theo t6c dd gii l6ng t6i han,.ma tirco n6ng d6 bLri rronrl klritholt ra. flju liv nt,.g
d6 ndy bang 400 - 500 g/rnr nhu rrong ld qLray, thi n6ng suat lo tarrg lcir 5 6 iin ( 2i-l0rrh)

Cic thi nghidnr v6ithi6t bi lim ngu6i kidu 16p s6i dd ti6n hinh c,i k8t quri. fJiri€t rlung cira
alumin n6ng cli vdo thi€t bi ldm ngudi ld 26kca],&g (gdn 20% todn b6 chi vi nii:i rrolrr qr:ir trinh
Phi

163
 'i 1rr ,'.i, :.l i,:iri lr\, ,1,1r1-,i 1;i,ji1 i,"; :',; 11"-l',:rl l.jinr'ir'rt,rJl':ll /"lrl Il l' !lt!lrr r'ri:ll!!

i.i; . :;:lir: ,i' :'.r1'.li ;, 1rr'l'i'.; li:rrrrr':l i'1i,.:i rriri" ir3liiirJrlll:\:iir \i

,l0il (l ,., I l ri ,'1.;i i.,iirii ili ,l:: (]il,r rlan -ijl) :lliii i'

... ,.. ,r ,. ,r. . r.1 ..:.: i : . r, 1..1.r ',r' r, li l. ' ., rl iir Li.,i t;:'

Ir,lr, ,r1,.'r 'ii

i i ,,,/ l

tll _ illl:r'\ r" ri,,'' Ih,l,r 1., 1..hi,;r'.' i.lri - irlri rlro i'irtirr!l frhivi,r r'rrrg Irii toc ilti lilloilnll
'"rl'rir
:, :,.:.. \ ". : l 'i'II" r':r':rr" c l'tLt tr t'i t
li/ tt:. r , . 1: lL. .r: i r.:. r'

..'i r;i't i.ir r' r ,

lt

169
 CliLrOi^.'r(;9

CO Sa' ctUr\ pFIUoNLI I,l IAI, I itjjiU irlir r

IliSn ne;' phuong phhp Ilal'a chidm r.ru thd trors srin r:Lrit alurr:jr chl rjirr lr.,i ,.,1i ririnq lrtr..lil
chira it silic. Cdn phuong phfp thierr hOt thi-c6 ti16 cl:6 biin lhir.rir :rirrlrirr ci ir,l rhii,r:, 1,, i,:ii L) lori
bixit nrlo. nrri cdn tir dit sit, cao lanh. xcririt li. cilc loai cli.t tiri rlc:rl::iii.-i Li,:li: ,,,:,, , r llir,,rr,r cLiri
ching v0 tin.

IIiCn na;,ngudita phiin bi.:t Jrar ioai pitrronq phtlp tiriLr I.:i:t: pi,,,; l,:1, ,.. ,,i ,,i li,rr . .

1. TIIIit| K]JT PTTOr I]EI] KLIO

'flCn so cld srin xLrit rlLrnrin tll:o phrrcrtg
phr'rp lrri-v( hirilr 65,\. L,)\it. ilrl i i,i rl:i rr. lri-\ri nlrtl ri
l]rlr'(:r\.l .'ni,t tr,'r, li rii rrlrr., r, i ,1..r thiCu k€t. Llr"i vi) lllrr clrn il.ll -,iui,n:-, tlii i),)\ii \ar rlii \Oi al
'
drn,t crrc ltin. nri boxit tlri lhuirlg bi irn, ciio n€r s:rrr f.hi sav ilri pit:ri :;i. rii rr!,j ,,iri;,,. s:,Lr rki tr.iln
vrii nutlicrcbonat thco ly l6 dri dinh.

'l
lri)nq ihrrirrg thi€Lr Ii6r plrrii liJLrtlong lJ dn1 riL[r.,' o ir]ri3r ilo j.li._,:ln-, I
lt,.t l-l(j0.,i-]. lihi rt,r :ri;
1ll{) fa nilllialLrrttinlt dC lrr\a tan tioirg nLrcic, can::i disilicat tlrrrc l.: ll, r.t jr,..;, i..,r. rr:r,,, ,;r l,liou,t
bdn ri tliiry'p1rln theo clc phin irrrrq saLr:

NalL'Oq + Al'O; .. r-\a,Cl.Al:O, , ClO.

-lCl( lLl,r +
SiO, .- 2CloO.!'iO, l{ ti }-

t.lrr,LOr l Fc.O,.. Ntr,O.l:c,O. - i.ii

'lir,r'ng irng voi cic phiu rrn.,
rr;rv rii thro rliirrlt plrrn ,.Lil i;.r.ir iir r l ', i i. i:i ;.: r ili::lt ii :ir
tror.g iLrllnq cria nslry6n li€tr l,an rliLr phili liiu. C6 khi nl:rir',i ilr tr,i. ,ri ri
dC li Lr llr r r i-i,.r l,in kir lli,r
phiin ljc.O,lhillIt ca:ii fr'rit. TIii0rr i.irpnrirn li.r ,l lu lil, 1lrrn r,r lrol ir.r).

'l'irl theo phumg phhp ltorr tan. ta clri cin dern rln'iroic cri::1. lil r.,lri,r J.'ir ,i,l lrlt,rl,iiL
clinh. Khi lroa tan thco phumrg phit dcng chil'(iihrre,.:h tin) i:]li :;ir.,, ;r. ,r)a rlr:r ,i :rr, ,:ir,r l:iii jrilr
tan tfong be fhLril hoic khi hda tlr ket ho.p v6i nsliiin Lr6t thi cir, irillri)r, riri, r,,i {t. iiir,:: i_rric J.l
t't't11'l.

I(lri hiatan thco phtrorls phio:Jong cli:r1'ta ciro n uirc rlcll r':: l: r:: rr:: r1,,, llri ,:rl,r. trLn lireo
ki€u khtriy thi dirng nu6c rira c6 cho lhen Irrot it dung dich natricucbr:r:l iuir: l::;:.r:. l-h; r,:,rr.c:clrrlar
ttic dtlng r'6i nl0t phin calIri se tao ra Kirt costit lirrr frinq o. cul clir:rir cliclr i r'i irrrr r.i,., illrlq diclr
alunrinat vr-rng b6n hon, din tdi srirrr rrit rnit.\l;0, rlo Jrrnrl rlitil bi pi,i,rr,ij:..

':14
 : , ...,:l . | .l .:. .: ir .a..i ! i : . ,.' :il.

d'rr ) llr .r lr _ r -,r 1i I 'rr ,i.

: i I .: i:,:r. r' ,r. |,i,,: Llr. lr Lii ,,lr:. ri ,: fii.::i. Li.l,ir r1, ,r. 1 II Ll| j,.i. ].1,i \j:rrrrr '.ri
,:l .:,. i, ,,r l.'r:i:.: ,lit l;it,,,'r,- i,.lr r', irll]ll:tri . ti.1lrr,' ,ijie.r'. i .,t,1rrr llrr|l 103 I
: ilr lr' 1:l :: 'r ' " lr I:l ! ll |l''l| lr 'l:i lll:lr t

,..,:1,.,:

I 11,. : '...tr,ii) + .i( .r(,) . i.lr, 1)..'\i](1. llltlar-r. Si()r)

' L .,.., " r 'lrrl,iiir r" :l 'l ',rr'.11 r"'ir"l'r'fi

lul'.rr',.i'i

.:i: . . I i.r .i.'.'t l' r' rrl - i lr'rr'' "r1'lr''r'

,i. i.- , i i , .r'.,i:r- ,:. ,ti ii ai .lr,ir':: lrl.r:

., '- i I 1r'" .' . : - i i

' . -1 l , - i ) i .1,'l.ii)ii
";i
i lri :, -l I ' i;,r1l; r I I lil,t l1l;il ,:l 1lti1l a,):ii li (liirl, ili','li . nlrL;rt3 lit,-rng- iltLlir'rtt c,lcl)ollal

,ir,,r ,'i: .1,, j, i

'-.i, 'i
1.

'.'.. : ii.lr r': ,L lr \r !l- i rt li rl, ., r.,, rirL, :t. Ilriri Lrirl ili ra nuiic rifa h)rxt tlirir'l
'
rj']lr.'.l'llllli.ll.:.]l.ll.ll'j-l'.l.LlliLi-l.rl'i...lrtLii':r'l..titll:)ril1lllillii.!Lri:itil1lriitlll.ticcl)ol]ilt
Il

i : . ,, ,i-t, l.t:.,r.i,trt;r ti'1-.',,.."'1 i ri, r:,j,.ri l: iirlltrtt i.:-tr:,, '-lr:t,f rj,cll lti'lrrtirrAi clfi klli

:rr;,,:. , irr .,1 I ,' r 1i :j rl,,:rl l' ii ,.r ri:l ihilll li.i 1-.ll:ili. ii1:rrn; i)llfil'g plrip tiiltg u. tlall cllii (lllilJ
rli,ir :-1,r: , .1 , .: l r , - ;
i , r irilir liorlrl:iiir,i,ltir,',ii,:hc,i
,i i' r.
"r'ri
lilriklrul-,'phrin hol ,:irr Lrii i0!1,'il
. , : i .,i i ':.it l.rlir'.. rl"l. :,.';) :rn.ir t|l I'ici' rr^llr',l \l-(' ll,\lr^
'' ''': :.,:i: ... , , : . i- t"lttt' ,litl' l;\rr:1 111ir1611;1 1

r,l r.i r i ' I . .' 'ltr ";r t,l,irt,'.i,- ,.'rii,.:r,, ,r,: iirli cr,!i1 rir Irl. i)iri khi ciirr:: rriili.;c l.llrliv
' q rlir jr -.ri .rrii l.iri
i--.lt:iii,t r 't..: .r., ., r ,tll;ti'ri i ; q: , , :I r
':.rcl,u,r 1 roi 'iLr r :rl't'ti
, I r ;r ,
. rclt trhirti

rr:L:r't, r' I i.r, ril

11 |
 O ttltl rtt,,t lrrrt,ittg LIrt . plrLrotrc 1,1':';' ].lrrc ,tc tlrrr.: ti , . : . rrr Ii: r. .li.:: Li 1,, . i,,r.

thidrr k6t phinr: nr6t phin dung dich :Llunrinat Ccnl citcbonet lroi, rhf ilru!,n,r. rr r pl .r ilr.ri: Llcur
cacbonat h6a tnkic r6i khu0y pbin h6a. 'l'ronq trudog ho. p nii; dung cli,.:lr ci; clriLl r lri :rr :;i:l cr., :tic.

O Irhd mi1' thuong kh6ng rip dLrng hoin toin so dd diOn lrinh Li rrin. i..i,lr ,. i riu l. ririr Li ','i€c
rlrrl rhi 'li r.r! | i',,, t ,i riro nlr,i Ii'.u i .'.rr. :r'r ,,i 1r,in ii1'r \orr D.,;. i: .r:
NhiCt dir khi lhi€u ktlt trong lo quay lon hon nhi6t d6 nLuril rii tron,r id rlirrlr [],r:.ltr l(11:)

200"C clru nin r iic rr rng di voi eo thi :irng ti.ln lrilh r,ri viie rirjlr. l:.r .rlrr,; 1..',r u, , -I 1r r', ,l J.,
ph6a tap vi dd t6n kcrn trong sir.t xu6t ahrmin clo phrii nung d:i r'6i tlL,rr! ld rirlne. ii|Ln,g lJ qirLr Jtr
risudtlri,.:rr Jrrr.u rrl,itt cul no nho - rongcc,ng khoirrs jj7o. vi r., .. :.rr.: ,t::n, rr:.t err , i, .1rr.rr ..:
':.,1
cii thi0n ding kE nlriing chi ti€Lr kinh t6 ki thuit trong si'ur xuil alrunirr. ,/iic tirrv rirrl 11:1
.,,oi Lriprt r,6i

sC tao khi l']dt)g ning cao nirng suir cira lo thi0tr k€t, r'i khOng phii p,hir lrir l}lf ilr . ir.-; lrhirr lr[rrr

niy t6n nhiiu nhi0t vi lirn mit mlit nhiet o khi thii tlo thi tich klririiiri riurg lin klri Cr,ll). p5i1 trilr
ti6t rl kIi caclronie.

D0 c6 ! ni€rn v0 luo-ng nhiet ti6l ki6nr tlong ld thidu kirkhi rlny dri r,,]i i,irr.: ',iri r:r hi), lirni
nl(it vi du don girin. Gin thi6t bing boxit clcnr thi€r: kiit, c6 th.irrh plLirr slLr: 5l!..'..!-('. .]O%SiOr.
I l%lielOq vri 1 3%I11O cr)n ty s6 nlol lrong phor lieLr I'lalO: (Al1O1 .t ]:e .(lr) -. l.ij r lL2 r-irr( ) : Si( )1 =

1.0: klri do n:rtr rc rcl,..nrr cin klrorjnq 0.4 k' l| ,-..: i lo:.ir. i,i . .: r. j, r rr
r.l ,l.i r,ri ci.rr klro:rrr.,
,hrco thic'u k.it J'11;:11, Llr',rrrrg l.5.1kl ks Lo:ir l,,rr ,,|1il n|iir c, r. ,r..,1. .:r,l ..:l .. .; r ,., , ,rrr.
Do d6 t6n phi nhi0r c6 ich cho 1,jjkg rhicu Lrr la I ,jl i 150: jli
i':. i-r. ei]1.;l;j
ircui. l,hr r,h.Lrr rr.i i
kcal/kg, nhLryi1,Li ph.ln h6a 0,67 lig cln 2El kcll. bing nira lurl l,hr ,r i,.r 1.,, ,, j, ..,r r I ., r,r rl rio:l
lroc vi bing klr. rrr.-' l5oo nlrietclrrrr trr: rrgLrlirr Iicrr. llint lrr.,n.,...1,. : 1r., ,.i, , .. :,..r.- r,1,,.r.
t rrO. cillg tiit kiirrr ,lrr,rc r.lricl trorrs I, rhi;r' l;et d,'rl,.l cl,i r..i r.. ,r . r', ,, .. | .r.-
SUiII Ctlll lO tlllcil kLt

Vi€c tha,v tlt0 itr\y dac birlt quan trclq hol khi :in xrrit altrrni;r ,L,ir
nciL.lrrr, i:rLr l:irl: r li r:ic ilit
.'ji klric tin rrlrierr ,lrl ri,i Ji liirr
r, i si'i, rir Ilr;.:rlt c:rrr: i .li:,ii ... . r . r . iri :. ,. .1,.. ,, L.
k..ir

ncfclin cin cho viio pli6i li€u mOt luolg di vOi 1,51. Do d6, nirr tha; rli r.oi bin3 ,ii..l.r riJ,t liiirrr
nhiCt cen thi0t d0 phin hriry CaCOI trong ld, nirnir sult cira lo cri tlit 1'tnrt I0r. lii'1r1 tir,,i ,r Liiit, -.Lrnr
nhSn th.'iy ring hi€u su6t nhi6t co ich tr(,ng lo dLrng tlc nLrng cli r,6i c6 rhc cao Lc,r so',,ui rr) LlLnr', rlir
ticu phi nhi€t lai rhip ho.,n nhidu ( vi du khi dirng than c6c odn i i),3 0,4 l,/i 0,1 l/l vr'ri rrong lc tifr'r I r

trong ld quav) [11. vitc ti€t kiem nhiet cdn lcrn hon n6u nugn di voi rfong lJ l,i1 :.:;i. lri! bi ilirng
r6ng rai trong nhftng niur gin tliy.

l'i2
 Khi thai da \ur bAtrg \ni cn the narrp ,J^ nang 5uat cua phdn ruonc cdcbonat neu (u dtrlg klrr
thai cua lodtrngr i. l80o ( t.)-r ma khongdung khi rhai cda lo lhi(u ket {j:0"{'O.} Neodr ra kni
trung hoa nhanh xrit costic va dung mot thi trch nno thi dd cachonal boa thj s€ ddm brio nhi€t cua
phdn trng vd cia qud trinh ket tinh t6t hon ( nu6c tu dung dich b6c hor rat rtJ va giem nang luong
chuy6n khi. N6u dung dich dem cacbonar h6a c6 nhiQt tl6 70"
- nhi€t d6 nho nhAt dd nh6n hyrat co d6
hat thich hgp, cdn birn khi kh6ng nung n6ng bdng hoi nu6c, boi vi nhi€t phan ung khong dri d€n bi)

mgi t6n thit thi kh6ng thd n6ng n-hi6t d6 cua birn t€n 90 - 92'c. Khi dung kli 12% co2 ton phr hor
nudc dugn2 d6 nung bnn ld l Ul AlrO3.

C6 rh6 ld khi thieu k6t nor s6 quang alumin v6i v6i thu6n loi hon so v<ri drl v6i, vi vdy khi
chon so cl6 cia qud trinh cAn phrii so sdnh c6c chi ti€u kinh tii k! thudt srir xu6t alumin theo cii hai
phuong 6n.

Khi thicu ttit ptriii t;gu khd trong ld quay, n-hi€t mAt do khi thdi chi6m tr€n 20% t6ng s6 nhi€t,
vi viy cin sir dung nhi€t luong ndy trong ndi hoi hodc dd dun nuoc. Nhung khi cdn mang theo cdc biu
c6 ich, nhtng bui ndy c6 ttrii lam loi liQu, vi thi! viec sri dgng nhi€t cira khi phii gip kho khdn. Do d6
cin c6 ging gi6rh nhiQt clQ cdu khi d ngay trong Id. Mgt t'rong nhfrng citch giii quy6t c6 rh6 duoc Id
chuyen m6t phan dung dich natricacbonat qua vdi phun det d tliu ngu6i cria 16 ctrng voi phtii lieu. nhu.
vdy sd giim lugng natri cacbonat kho viro ph6i li6u.

Khi 116 kh6ng nhfrng girfun nhiet dO cna khi thdi md cdn giAm t6n phi cd natri cacbonar.

2. THIEU KET PHOI LEU UOT

Theo Phuong ph6p niy dung dich natricabonat nhdn tluqc khi cacbonat h6a khdng dern c6 d€
tao thrinh natricacbonat kdt rinh, mi rlua trd lai ph6i lieu. Boxit vri d6 v6r dd xay dem nghidn ucn cirng
voi dung dich natricacbonat tuin hoan vd natricabonat rn6i dii br) bip t6n thit.

Ngay ci khi ph6i li€u chinh x6c thi sau khi nghiCn trong may nghidn thuAn nghi€n ra s6 co
duoc birn c6 thdnh phin thay diii vi dd cring cria boxit vd cta de v6i kh6c nhau. vi v6y boxit, d6 v6i vd
natricacbonat ph6i Ii6u gdn dring, cdn bun tL mriy nghiAn cho vdo ciic b6 chira. th6ng thudng lim bdng
b€tong6 c6 c5u tao gi6ng bd phdn trin h6a khuay bing kh6ng klrr. Trong c6c bi chira ndy phii khudy
tr6n t6t d6 dirl brio tirrh ctr6t dong nhat cda bin da nghien nho cing nhu vi€c ld.v.' miu tuong d6i don
gidn. Kii c6 mdt sij bc chua ddy br)n c6 thdnh phin cr)ng thii loai khdc nhau rrhi€u hoic ir. thi dd ddng
tinh duoc the rich brrn ru m6i be chue can phrii izil de rron'oi nhau rrong rn,,r hd lhua Ji du^c rhanh
phdn cAn thiilt. Cric bd chfa bin nhu v6y goi la bli didu chinh.

Bin dd di6u chinh cho vdo rhitu I'i't qrra roi phun duui ap su6t l0 i,5 at. Kh6ng th€ cho bLln
'r'5dns.rilt rnt nl rt lhrrhi.lu ker phoi tieu nefclrr hcac nhu rr.,ng
"11 lrral rrrn.rng.hor r Ja', rrgrr.,i
cila n6 sC tao ra kOt brror. nhi€t dd khi thdi trong phucmg phrip ihiirr ker !rh,rr liELr rr,n thap ]ron ,i, rc,i

l7l
phuong phdp thi0u ket ph6i li0u hhr) khodng 200' . nghia la phuong phap thr,-Lr Lir phor lreu udt su
dung nii€t t6t hcm

Khi thi€u f6t ptiiii lieu ucrt cin giim tdi da him iuong nu6c trong phor lieu. ham luong nuoc
chi can dam b6o dQ chriy lodng cAn thii5t <1€ cugn cip li6u cho ld qua vdi phun; nuoc du thua sd ldm

giim n[ng sudt ld ui ting d€u phi liQu. D6i v6i brin oxif B6c Uran hdm luong nu6c ld 38 -39 %, cdn

d6i v6i boxit Hungari thi hdm lugng nuoc phni beng 45 - 46yo bin m6i c6 dQ chiy lodng cdn thi6t.

Thi nghi€m chung to ring, khj cho vio ld 0;3% sqi sunfilxenlulo so voi trgng luong ph6i li€u khd co
th6 girim hdm lugng nudc xuilng 40% vi th6p hon.

Dung dich alurnrnat cang dam d& thi lugng natricacbonat trong dung dich cdi cang lon. vi vdy
cang d6 cAn bing s6 l,rong nudc trong hp th6ng vdi him luqng nu6c it nhAt trong ph6i li€u. N6u khi

hda tan ta thu clugc dugn dich aluminat lodng, tlidu do dim bdo hiQu su6t thu hdi Alro3 cao hon, khi

thi€u kiit phiii liQu mu6n c6 him lugng nuoc thich hqp phii dem c6 lugng nudc du tu dung dich cdi.

Dung drch hda tan c6 hdm luong khodng 25091 Al:Or s€ din roi can bdng ve nuoc trong bun rhrch

hqp mi khdng cln tiiin hdnh c6 dung dlch c6i.,

Khi hda tan ngugc ddng thi6u k6r phim da xay ta dugc dung dich aluminat d{m tl{c hon so
vcri khi hda un rrong hi khuAy. Nhung Fong dung dich aluminat d6m dfc thi modun silic nhd, md sau

khi khu silic modun silic c[ng k]r6ng lcrn hon 100 - 200 ; trong khi tl6 ndu dem khri silic c6 ndng d9

1009i AlzOrd cing mQt chd tlQ modun silic sc tang tl6n 400 vi cao hon. Vi viy ngudi ta dung mQt

phAn dung dich c6i khi cacbonat hda <fii pha lo6ng dung dich d6m dic tru6c khi khi.r sitic; nhu viy thii
tich nu6c kh6ng tdng l€n, mi dung dich dugc khri silic hodn toan hon.

So sAnh phuong phip thi6u tiSt ptri5i ti4u khd v6i phuong ph6p thi€u t<i!t ptroi tigu uot th6y ring

phuong phrip thieu k6t ph6i li€u uot cfing c6 nhirng uu di6m sau diy so voi phuong phrip phoi li€u

kh6:

L uon gran noa vrec pnor lleu. Knong can rron

2. Thay nghiin ki6 co ndng su6t rhdp hon va phai sdy boxit - bdng nghien Lrcn

Kb6ng cin c6 dung dich c6i tltin kni kdt tinh nutricacbonat va khu nudc cua natricacbonat

4
KhLr ciuoc nuoc im cua phoi lidu khi rhidu kdr- Jieu na1 eiim drroc tdt ca ha1 mor phan plru tai
cLia giai doan c6.

5. Nang cao hi6u suit nhi€t c6 icb cira lo va giirn bay bui.

6. Cdi thi€n di;u kiOn lao dQng d khiu nghidn uot vi khong c6 bui. giim ron that eo hoc . ua ph".i
li6u.

I. n gian h,a \r.( \an Llru-\en iiit iiel . lh,r\ hans 13l'r;iu ning bing l'r'nr rr ''rrp dan br.r .

1 1,1
 Khur6t di6m co bin,:rha phuo,rg lh6p ni1, lA nin.e. suit la' thieu kdt bi giirrrL di kira rrhieLr
"r
phAi ldrr bay hoi nubc trong ph6i li€u vd tdn nhiQt Iuong.

Trong nhang ndm gdn dAy nguoi ta diing phuong phep thi€u k€t ph6i liQu uot

3. LLIU TRJNH XU LY NEI'ELIN

HiQn nay trong didu ki6n c6ng nghiQp chi moi xu 1! linh qu{ng nefelin conxki (hinn 68).

Tinh qu{ng nefelin l6y duoc khi tuydn qu4ng du6i nefelin d nhd mriy tuy6n khodng Kiro','.
Tinh qudng ndy chira2g 30% Al?Or, l3-14%Na2O,6-7y'oKzO,43-t4% SiO:,3 4?i, Fe:O: 'ri.

mdt it tap ch6t khec.

'linh quing tlua tir nhd m6y tuy6n khoang d6n xuong luy€n kim o dang bnt (60o0 - 175 mit

sdng) cri d0 dm khoAng 1%.

Thanh phin tinh qudng gin dting v6i cdng thuc (Na, K)2O.AI2O3.2SiO:. c(r m6i mol Al2Or
ring v6i mQt mol Q.{a, K)2O. Vi sit oxit it, ki6n lai drl, cho n€n thi6u k€t thich hqp vdi ph6i li€u hai

thdnh phan (gOm nefelin vd dri v6i)- Tric dung gi*a chitrrg d - 13000C co thd viet nhu sau

1Na, K),O.AI2O3.2SiO? + 4CaCO" = (Na, K)rO.AhOr + Zi2CaO.SiO:) + 4 CO? (lX 7)

Khi nghiin vi trQn ph6i ligu ki thi nefelin thvc ti1 phAn hiy hodn todn. Ph6i lieu gdm tinh
quing nefelin vA tt6 vdi, theophan tich tinh nhu th6 ndo d6 trong ph6i ligu cf 2,16 + 0,2 mol CaCO3

rmg v6i mQt mol SiO2. Luqng dd v6i du d6 lien kiit vdi SiO, trong tro cria nhi6n liiu. Khi luong ki€m
trong tinh qudng kh6ng,Jrl thi cho th€m ki€m trong dung dich tu6n hoin (thrinh phdn thf ba cria ph0i

li6u).

Niiu thay d6 v6i bin v6i t6i thi khi thi€u k6t phoi licu ucrt khdng cAn nghidn nh6 v6i, boi vi khi
t6i v6i ta duoc v6i chin, gdm nhiing hat Ca(OH) r6t nhd. Nghia li, khi luu luortg ttri vdi l6n thi vi6c

chon phuong phdp thi6u k[t '. oi dd v6i hoic r6i co tam quan trong d{c bi€t. Con khi r lr idu kdt phoi li€,r

ba thinh phdn, natri cacbonat bi xirt h6a mQt phin ngay trong khi trQn, sr,r c6 rndt ciia \[t c6stic lam

nhanh qu6 trinh phan hriy nefelin.

' lrolrg thoi gian ddu rhrerr lit .lclelin u xtror.g \onkhor. phin nong \rrii l,'ao ra ket rons

Ihco Tarlnr.vd. do ld do d0 nghi6ng cria Lo qu6 lon 4.9%. vi vAy ph6i liQu khOng d6 khi chtrr-,6r, dich

doc lo.nii truot nhanh vi kh6ng d6ng tl€u vio thiing thieu k6t ve nong chdr. Thuc tc. khi siam di
nghi€ng cua lo tu -1.9 xLrdng 1.11,; ,iOng thdi vtli r i"rc phai tdng s6 vdng qual di khic phuc du,rc hiin
..r r. r\ rj
'rrc I.

,. rhe Jung proi rir '. r lr,.ic phoi li<'r hh.,'- '!'rfu kel linh quinl rretcl.ir llr.,t li,.'u uo1

uti di€m hon ph6i li€u kho.

ra
 _*kl{"r*m

Pirii li€u uot b.:.o g6rrr tirrhquir; :re;:lin. da v6i da nghi6l nho, c{n tr.ir,g khi kiu silic cira
dung dich aiulnin 11 \d nu.rc rLrd hlifrt. rlrl.t l..jn phoi lieu nhLr rjre niro de duoc bun (l,d\ l,,nB ci lq

30o,/o nu6c, ilem btn ndy nghi€n nho rroirg tn.4y nghi6n bi nhidu budng tsi 95% - 175 nat sdng. I3orr
brln di nghien nhd tu b6 ili€u chinh r io icr \ti trariq ph6i li€u it natri cacbonat vd khdng chrt pha d0
n6ng ciray (tao ra kdt buou d,Jdu ngu6i cria loj cho n€rr nap li€u bing c6ch r6t. phuorng phrip nap li€u

ndy giim dugc bay bui kh6 nhi6u. Hi€n nay 6 xu6ng V,5nkh6v thieu krlr ph6i lieu Lrc-t rrong lo dai
60m, duong kinh 3m, ning sudt l8t tbieo tdt phim trong mQt gid, ti€u phi nhiQt lugng t320 kcaVkg
thi6u k6t phdm, nhicr do khi rhei 3500c. Khi cAp li€u bing c6ch r6t vd khi thicu kiit o nhi€r do cao thi
t6t hon ce le ding ld dni hon d€ girirn nhr6t.16 kht thei, chuAn bi li€u ttit tron a6 thi€u kiit vd ning cao
ning su6t crla ph6n xudng. vi vay tai xuong alimin Picaley ngudi ta thitit kti cric ld i5ng quay dii l50rn
vd dudng kinh 3,3m, c6 hai virng md r6ng dudng kinh 3,6m. Ld nhu viy c6 th6 cho 33 rh thi6u kait

phim va nli€t dQ khi thrii khoring 2000C.

Thi6u kdt phdm nhdn .tuoc dr 13000C g6rn F-2CaO.SiOr vi dung dlch rin p-2CaO.SiO,
(khoang 30%) trong kidm aluminat (1lla, K)O.AlrO3. Dung dich rin niy ld ngudn alumin vd kirim khi
hda ran thi€u k6t phrirn [3].

Theo M.S.Belexli, N.K.Druginina vi B.D.Kaxenelebogen, dung dich rdn crla canxi disjlicat
t4o ra hong h6p hgp cbria 80% ZCaO.SiO2 vd 20% NarO.Al2O3.

Theo K.Green, dung dich rdn 2CaO.SiO2 chta 62,10/o CaO,3l,3% SiOr, 3,8% Al2O1,2,8%
Na2O va het tinh trong hf luc ldng vdi cdc chi sd chi6t quang:

Ns: 1,712 + 0,003 vi No = 1,702 + 0,003

Thi nghiOm chnng td rang thi6u kdt phdm bi n6ng chiy m6t phnn c[ng kh6ng tdm giim hdm
luqng alumin vi ki6m hda tan trong rhieu ktit phdm niiu kidm kh6ng bay hoi. Khi gidm nhiQt dQ thi€u
i<6t ptr5l tleu nefelinxui5ng 1240 - 12804c. sd duoc thi€u k6t phdm trong et6 kh0ng chira c6c aluminat
vd canxi disilicat, md cdn c6 m6t sd nef€lin chua phdn hrll vd .6c hqp ch6t trung gian (anocit. gelenit
v.v...). Nhi6t d6 thitu kdt cang thAp thi nefelin chua phin hriy vd cdc sin phdm trung gian cing nhiiu,
do d6 giim hi€u su6t thu hdi alumin vi kiOm [4].

Theo Kaxenelebogen. Kr6trevnki, Smimor,. neu nhQn tluoc thi6u k€t ph6m dic chdc ki€u
tolanhke i€ djm bao nd.ng suar lo rhieu lir cao lr,.m i5l

Khi Id thiiu kdt li€n tuc dJ qu" ,t. ht.ints, lir'-sr.Lri. xiuI n rd phin ili€n. Khi da Linr sach dirng
d6 cacbonat h6a. n€u du thii ra nqodr rrir

Vi€c sLl dung bui thu dLroc gip',hii.r lhi, khin. ci lii cdp ltru d hai diu lo:
C r hr.iu qLrd htrn

rot li€n Luc bun'"io dirr osutii r,d th,ri pl,in lcnr bli '.ir diu r.,',nr. ii\)n m,at ir.- rrrl ,Jiu nsudi lltng
kh6ng khr nin di phun bui. f-'ng phL,n \' I lat ,J, I 'n ,liLr pl'rn rrLrdl lieu ni3 rnrt f-iD li€ri chLr t,r
nhu vd-v chdng nh'ing da gidi quy6t duoc nnin hor h''l . n,a con ndng cac ddng kd ning sudt lo.
176
mHffiFm;**'".''-*"""
fhi€u k€r phiru dem nghiir, va doirg lhoi hoa tan bing clung r1i.-h tuin hoan lrottg rl.ii itrlii,Jir
bi lam riec tr,np .hu kr I'in roi thier hi fharr i , rr flung dich tr.,.rn ho"r' nhrn drroc b!r,p . .'lr lr6rr | :
tlung dich cdi natri cacbonat - xrit costrc [hi uact'onat hoa roi ph6l hoa voi nu6c nia c]62u ti6n klri rua

nguoc ddng can x6m (ximing). Trong dung dich tr.ian hoin thdng thuorrg ccl 25 - 35gl NarO. \ oi ,:1" :
1,85 - 1,95. Ngudi ta dd xric dinh tluoc rirg nhi€t d0 hoa tan thi€u kilt phim khdng dugc lon hon 80"C
khi dO lon crlc cLrc thi6u k€t 12 l5mm. Ham luong Ai2O3 trong dung dich d{m dic sau khi hia tan
gin oktroing 75 q5 g/1. con o" co th€ rhay doi tu 1.35 d€n 1.50

Birn d dong trdn cila m6y ph6n loai phai c6 nhiOt d6 khodng 60", khi hdm luo.ng piran t 60 rnat

sang kh6ng nho hon 30% vA khdng lon hon 40%; phin + lmm phrii duoi 5%. Khi cdc hat tu chiem
hdm luqng lon hon vi€c hda tan AlzOr s€ khdng hodn todn, cdn khi qua nhiiu czic hqt nho se gidm toc

dd lgc vd sinh ra phdn ring thir sinh, dan t6i teng t6n th6t alumin vd kidm.

Br)n c6 rj' sti L : R = 3 - 3,5 vd nhiet da khoang 600 cho vdo ld t<tru6;,; tir d6 drLa di phdl] chia
vA rua c{n ximing, g6m chri yilu ld canxi disilicat (belit). Can miu xiim, chria it sit. Phai phd,n chia

nhanh vd hoin torin (trong didu kiQn co th€) dung dlch aluminat khoi cdn x6m dd tr6nh tOn ttr6t. Xnieu

mdy lgc chAn khdng dn tlugc thi nghiQm: ki6u tang tr6ng, kii6u m6ng, kiiiu phAn tloqn, ki6lr loc hirt birn

vio trong vi cac loai kh6o, nhung khong tluqc kilt qud mong mu6n, vi khi chirng ldm vi€c voi birn
nefelin thi ndng suet thip, vai lqc tr€u hacr nhi6u.

Nhirng kh6 khdn niy d xudng dugc khic phuc bnng m6y ling loc chdn kh6ng, loai ndy c6
ning su{t cao vi c6 nhtng chi ti6u kinh tit ky thuat t6t [2]. R&a cin x6m tr6n m6y loc theo phuung
ph6p nguo. c ddng: can d6 lqc fi mry lqc cho vio b5 dem h6a bin, d do dugc pha lo6ng bing nuoc rira
tuong img ho4c nuoc n6ng sqch. Mu6n ph6n chia t5t dung dich aluminat phdi nia c-in sarr la rr.

Cln tring nh6n cluo. c khi khri sitic quay tro vd nghiin uot. con dung dich da khu srlic chia
thdnh hai phdn; mOt phin tlem cacbonat hoa rdi thu5y k6t trla, con phin kia - cacbonat h6a hai giai

doan.

ViQc cabonat h6a r6i khu6t kdt tua ta cin thiet vd co nhu vdy rrni nh6n duo-c dung dich cdi co

ham lugng Na;U. car..r va ndng cao a, cua dtrng dich tuin hodn dung de hoa an thiil lcl flrarr \".\
caconal h6a hai giai doan phdn dung dich cr)n tai ia cin thiijt dd thu hor rrr dung dich !-ac ,rn lrlr;rr sr r

narri cacborrar.lalrca.borrat hoic h6n hop.ra. hing{coi nhu san pharrphpt.

lluon rar lrat al.rmin phim chit. r, khnng duoc cacbon.-,t lr".r rt,i cunS Je ke lrtrrlr ta tnat:
hc nh0rn hyroxit tir rJLirg dich, rnd can phai i* lai trong clung dich cei i js,'l ,\lro-. )..lCrr ihi han ehd

vi€c cacbonat h6a nhr vay. dung dich cai clem lhu hdi natri cacbonat r a kali cacbr:nat ihi :rlLrrnin ,:r-rtt

lai trong dung dich bi t6n that \i chat l.rc,ng cLra cacbonat bi xdu di. \'i I! do do dung dich cii phii
iJern cacbonai hL,a lAn hai. qud trinb n.1,\ din toi r ric tao thdnh \Loirg r0grl NalICOl. lrcrig ili€u ki6l
nav thuc td ker tinh hlin todn nhom.:it, iili ri tet ca eali dang cacbonat tinh th6 nhri;

|,-.-
 Na?O.Ai?O:.2(lL)-.nI l:O vd Naro.Ga2O_..2C O1.nH2O

Ket tua niiy bi b6n do cac tep uhdt silic oxit. tiran oxit. sdt hydroxir va cdc tap chdt khac. i.r rLe
dr)ng lam ngudn nguy€n li€u thu h6i gali, sair khi ph6n chia kiit tia, clung dich dua quay vd cacbonat
h6a lin thf nh6t.

Natri bicacbonat chrla trong dung dich criitrong khi cacbonat h6a l6n thrl hai it hda tan, ket tia
o cdc 6ng hoi nudc cria thi6t bi c0 d4c, 6p diy cric 6ng niy; dgodi ra. su c6 mit cia bicacbonat trong
dung dich c6i se lem t6ng tinh dn mdn ciic 6ng hoi nudc. Mu6n trrinh hi6n tuqng ndy sau khi cacbonat

h6a ldn hai ta cho th€m xrit costic nhin duo-c khi xrit h6a mQt phdn dung dich c6i cirng loai. Vi€c rrung

hda CO32- du s€ ttrirn bio cho t6 mdy c6 ddc ldm viec ti5t. Nhtng nghi€n crlu gAn tl6y ctia xudng nh6m

V6nkh6v chrimg t6 rnng, ndu dem tlt cA hydroxit k6t tua o giai tloan cacbonat h6a iin thir nh6t, ctro
vio cacbonat h6a k6t hqp v6i kiu6y phAn h6a (lam marn k6t tinh) thi chdt luong cria hydroxit thu duoc
t5t hon. Ifti d6 mQt phan SiO, s0 hda tan vi hydroxit s€ qch t4p ch6t niy-

.HiQn nay d nhd miy dung so tlo ndy. t6t ca hydroxit ktlt tria ra ttdu d nh6nh cacbonat hoa r6i
phen h6a. M6i dn alumin s9 thu tlugc lt natri cacbonst vd kali cacbonat. Dung dixh5 cii nhin duoc
khi cacbonat h6a lAr hai dem c6 bay hoi, k6t tinh ra phin l6n natri cacbonat vi IAy ra bing cdch ly
tim; cdn dung dich crii lqi dem c6. Khi al6 se ti6t ra phAn natri cacbonat cdn lqi vd mQt phin kali
cacbonat Ctng Lich h6n hqp mrdi bi.bg c6ch ly tem vi lei bda tan veo dung dich cacbonat h6a lin rhri
hai, cdn dung crii lin thir hai lai ttem c6 d6 kdttintr ra kali cacbonat sach. Khi <16 m5i tiin alumin ta s6

dugc 840 kg natri cacbonat vd l60kg kali cacbonat de nung.

Khi dem ctrn xim clii srin xu5t ximdng thi t5n phi nhi€n li€u giim di mQt phin ba, cdn ndng
su6t Id ting l€n 45 - 50% (t6i i8Vh so vdi 13tlh khi sdn xu6t ximing d cdc nhd rn6y th6ng thudng [2]).

Nhu v{y, nefelin tlugc coi la nguy€n lieu t6ng hqp. Nim virng crich xri l1i nefelin s€ mo rOng

v0 han ngr6n nguy€n li€u c6ng nghipp alumin vd gidi quytit hang loat vAn dd crla ndn kjnh tii qu6c d6n

l2t.

l'8
 , -,.-.r!viry'-4a!'*rtSgiirj&-\

L'l1t-'( )i)iti l0

i{iIUNG BIEN DOI ]{OA I-V TROJ\IG P] IOI LIEU I]OXII. !'A i'TLFELI}.I
KHi-IHiEIJ I.iET

]. KHA] NIEM CI{UNG

Muc tlich chri y6u cira thieu kiit ph6i liQu boxit ld tr mirc d6 co th€ duo-c bi€n todn bo nhon
oxit trong ph5i lieu thdnh natri aluminat, cdn silic oxit thdnh canxi silicat khong hoa tan. Nluon ray
cin phdi hi6u dnh hudng cua crlc diAu ki€n thi€u ki5t diin vicc tao thinh cdc ho-p chit hoa hoc giria eac

thdnh phin c6u thinh phiii licu. Qua nghi€n cuu dd xdc dinh dugc r5ng, siin phdn cr,6i cirng cria bi6n

doi. .hn yeu la do ch€ d6 nhidr \i rhanh phrin phiil lierr quyet dinh. Neu cac dieu kierr nar ld toi uu thr

thuc tii c6 th6 bith hodn toin AlzOr thdnh natri aluminat, cirn SiOz thdnh canxi octosilicat,

Vi6c nghi€n ciru nhting bi6n d6i h6a ly khi thi€u k€t ph6i lieu boxit gap phdi kh6 khdn ld c6
nhirlu orit o dang.ry do hoic lidn k6r tham gia phan ung. Ihong rhuong co lran ( chal oxit.

Chfng ta s€ nghi€n cuu nhfrng phAn img cuc b6 quan trqng nhit giita hat catr tu. rdi sau do
nghi6n crlu cdc phin fng phuc tap hon trong h€ gdm ba lo4i oxit vA nhiiu hou

2. PH6I LIEU HA] NGUYEN

Tdc dqng gitaNa2CO3 vd Al2O3

PhAn .ung gita NazCOr vd Al2O3 ld mQt trong nhfng phin r?ng quan trong nhdt cria ph6i ligu

boxit, bdi vi k6t qua cria phin ring ndy li aluminat c6 tha hoa tan. Truoc hCt cdn xAc dinh lhdnh phin

aluminat dugc t4o thdnh, bdi vi viCc phi5i liQu chri y6u phu thuOc vio thanh phAn alurninar. Nhring taL

li€u tnr6c d6y v€ vdn dd ndy rnAu thuin nhau. Vi du, gi0a th6 ki vua qua Tissier curtg dd uho ring

thdnh phin cia aluminal phq thuOc vdo ti s6 mol cria AlzOl ,d, natri cacbonat trons hin hop r a klri du

natri cac bonat c6 th6 tao thdnh nhirng aluminat nhi6u ki6m hon:

2NarO.AlrOr vd 3Na2O.Al203

Khi ndng tao thanh ching dd co trong trong thul'0 rninh cta Ba)'e. I rLroc d6, Schaffgotsh
cnng dd nh6n th61 ring, alumh .''tii natri cacbonat chi rao thdnh natri metarlutnin.rt. ding th'ri mo, m,
'l
drlmin re rhdi ra mdt nr.'l t tl

tr'lallard nung h6n ho.p lq .\lrOr va 59 NA'COI (dLr nhi€u natri . r'b',nzt rL, \L I tr s;, ding m' 1l

'r r9 n!, r ltir Ir.rn ddn khi lr't,, I rong hhone Joi. i\ \irr r- pl.. l' 'r ' lrr'" ' lJ r,'n lr'rp kl.
rr," r '.

rl,1 siir.n: di 0,,161g do phAn lrLia nhi€t natri cacbr:rnat '"i tic duns voi Al.il f)e r.r. Jrnh lLrrms bai l-, .

ilO: lihi phin hoa nhr0t. Mallard dd nung cing m6t trong lrrr:ns natri cacboral sach. frong !Lrgnl rnil
di la rr.llll!r. khi tao thanh alurrir!r,l ili lanL ba"' 0.-1.ltg ( .(r: (t\etr iinh ti'irr re. rhrih Na rl. Al () li.

l-!r
u,4i ig C0:). Kii nung h6n ho. p va ri6ng rratri cacboriat nhu vav trorlg ngon hla hin lhi tin thdt trgrg
luong tlro-rts ung ld 5,515 vri 0,088g. didu .1r,1dqr.g rrrrg voi vrec tao ra metaaluminat

f eld dd nh6n thdy rang phin rmg gi*a alumin cira b6xitt vi nari cacbonat se hoin thdnh o
9i0", tao thdnh natri metaalurflinat

Ctng c6 nhlrng cdng trinh khdc chung rrinh rAng khi khi€n k6t natri cacbonat vi alqnin chi
nhin duoc mQt hqp chAt : natri metaaluminat. I{atingron xic dinh riing o 1100-1150" chi nh6n duoc
metaalurrinat , cdn nafi cacbonat khi nung tti 7',0-770', phnn ung ti6n hinh nhanh o 800" vir k6t thuc
d I I50". khi nung toi n€n I 150" mQt phdn aluminat bi phAn ly ldm cho ki6m bay hoi

Nhrng tii liQu ndy r6t quan trgng diii vfi thuc tii, b6i vi chirng chi rd nhifr do gioi han, khi do
,^,:,.,:.,^l.t_,.1
ri€n ket phoi IiQu b6xit c6 thi khdng r6n thit ki€m va alumin. Nhung d nhict d6 duoi 1250" rhi

aluminat phan ly dt chfun, kiiim chi bay hoi manh d 4hiQt tlQ cao hon

Khi thay th6 natri cacbonat bdng natri hydroxit ti tiLc dpng voi alumin b6t diu v6i nhi€t d6
khoing 600", d6ng thdi cflng tlugc monoaluminat, bdt kii c6 du ki6m hay kh6ng.

Nlazel vd Astanovixkaia da thieu k6t h6n hqp AhO: v6i NarCor theo ti s6 mol c0a chung tu
l:3 diin l:3. Trong mgi thi nghi$m tu ?00'd6n 1150" cf m6i mol aluminat tao thanh lai co mQt mol
CO2 bay ra. Brownmiller vi Bogue tl6 rim thiy hqp chdt duy nhAr tao re do kiit qui tic dqng gita
Na2CO3 vd Alr0r d dudi.i6500 116 l-A nahi metaaluminat. Sau khi n6ng chly d 1650" ngudi ta x6c dlnh
duoc cd.c chi sii chiiit quang cria NarO. Al2O+k6t tinh nhu sau: Nr:1,58O] 0,003, N,: 1,575+0,003 vd

No= 1,566+0,003

Hi€u rtng nhiQt t4o thdnh cla natri aluminat khi t6c dung gifa Na2O voi alumin ket tinh va vo
dinh hinh nhu sau:

NarO + Al2orkai hnr, = Na2O.Al2O3: - AFf = 30 kcal

Na'O + AlzOr,ar, = Na2o. Al2o3; - Alf == 40 kcal

O 450" - I 5'natri aluminat c6 thii bi6n thdi thi hinh thu6n nghich, kdm theo hi€u ung nhi6t, didu nay
nhAn rd trdn c6c duung nung n6ng vd lim ngudi fl J

( ic s6 li6u vd nhi€t d0 nong chAy cua natri aluminat thay d6 trong pham vi 1560-1800'C.
Tinh chir k-hdn-e 6n dinl cria nah i aluurinat ci trin 1lrl0"C chua duoc niat ftr

Khi thi€u kiir d nhi€t d6 cao hon hoo ding phan tu grm fva;CO; r'oi ;\11O,, b€n canh alurninat
let r: I , ing.,irr nhan du^. lj \iU alLm,rrat cl , r rhrir, alumrnat Na:L./ il.\lL . Ilop ihar 1J\
dlrc-- ta{r ra chinh k}ii nung kiim aluminat. d r.,\iet di, tae, (xric dinh duo- c theo phan lich cin kh6ng lan

Lhi lri.r i,rrr .rlLrnrinat tu sin lhirr nhLr

",a;)

180
 .. t., *,.''"*

Ndu tao thdnh B-Al:Or thi lhi hoa tar-r ciru -v6u ll giil rr6i niat alurrinat, col kiinr il,i rr-,ir mrr
ir \ i lrq? . hat na1 chua duui r, o Lrem.

D€ nghi€n cuu t6c dQ tec dung giira Na2COl vi AlzO3 ngrrol ra de thieu ker h ii, hop ,;a1
"cii
nhirng ti,sri nroi Na2COl : AllO3 kh6c rhau o nhLing nhi€t atd vi thdi gian khdc nhau.

Nhu hinh 69 dd chi 16, phrin fng giria Na2CO3 va Al2O3 d 700iC tiiin hdnh r6t ch6rn. O 8000C
phan ring toi crirng phdi sau 40h. Nilu telg nhiet do. phdn rmg sF nhanh hom. d i 1500C phdn ,jng ti6n
hdnh hoin toin trong lh. Khi thi€u kilt h6n hqp nhidu kidm hon (voi d sd rnol Al2Or: Na2O bing I : t)
thAy rdng d 6000C vi€c tao thhh aluminat kh6 nhanh, nhrmg o 10000C vd cao hon thi lu.o-ng natri

cacbonat du chi lim chQm qu6.trinh, trong h6n hgp cing nhr€u natri cacbonat du vd nhlet d6 thi€u k6t
cang cao thi viic tao thAnh alum inar cang charn rrd.

Kfii rhi€u k6t h6n ho.p vr:i ry so mol Na2CO, : Al:Or = 1.2 ra r. rhi) ring nhier dq ba1 hoi
cing l6n n€u nhi€t dd nung cdng carj vd d6 ki€m cria phiii li6u cdug lon. B€ ngoii, didu ndy thil hiCn o.

ch6 din din rao rhirnh khoi dam dac o lren rlrr€u k€r phim.

C6 th6 c6 hai c6ch ric dung gi&a natri cacbonat vdi nh6m oxit : crich thu nhdtt, trudc hdt rrhdn

hoa natri cacbonat tao thAnh CO2 vd Na2O, sau d6 Na2O tic dung vdi Al2O3 tao ra aluminat:

Na2CO3
- NsrQ + CO, (X -l)

Na2O + Al2O3 ---rNarO.AlzO: (X-2)

C6ch tht hai, alumin trgc tiip phdn hiy nahi cacbonat:

Na2CO, J AI2Or = Na,O .AI,Or - COr

,,it.:]'il:;,'"
!ti,:i-.t+;;
::)t ''f -

l//
:,fi'
ii[. )r
t

1.
)/
:
" t
".,, --,/
L
/:
' "ii i--
,ti
I .-4.
"ii ,l
't
"

,,'
,;-
"/' ,i
rt!n
nlnh ,j9 i hrc thr rh:iri:n:l lihr
.1.! r;n hop .r.il()r r. \"ra ()i

181
 O nhiii ,10 I lOl)"U. nan.i cacbc'ral tac ;ir.r;q iihanh vci Alzt)., khi tlo dp suir;an birrg cia tiO-,
r,!, phin ly rhiei nar.r cact'cnatroniriirdSla\ \iir I'eng 2lmrnHg. Nho h'nt nhiiu lan;o rc'i r1r.uit
l,lhi CO2 trong id d6t nhidu liQu. C6 iC vi€c phi.:r lv natri cacbouat trong didu kidn nir. thuc tc kiong
xdy ra. Do ti6 a!umirat t4c thdnh irong :o ia Jr ' '.ac du g iruc ti€p giria A1203 vd Na2CO3.

Trong didu kiOn rhi nghiQm thi6u k€1 trong lc di€n aluminat cfing tlugc tao thdnh m6t cich truc

riiip. boi vr suit cdn bangcuaCOztr6t ra kni io lon htm nhidu so roi dp suit phrin 11'nhier.ua narri

cacbonat.

Tdc dyng giha Na2CO j vd I'e2O j

Vi€c tao thanh nani ferit trong sin ruit alunrin theo phuong phdp thi€u k€t dong nrdt vai rro
kh6ng kdm phAn quan trgng. Kli hda tan thieu fiit ptiAnt, naai ferit bi phnn huy do thny phdn, gidi
ph6ng ra xft c6siic, cdn thilit d6 nAng cao tl6 bdn crta dung dich aluminat. Nghi6n cuu didu ki6n tdc
dgng gifta nahi cacbonat vdi sit oxit th6y ring [2]:

l. Phin tmg clng bit <liu d khoaagnhiQt,J6 gii5ng nhu cria Al2O3, nghia ld o 500 - 7000C, nhung

ti6n hanh nhanh hon do v6i viQc t4o thanh a.luninat, d t 0OO0C phdn ung hoan toen k6t tfiuc ngay sau

th, trongkhi d6 d6qo thdnh aluminat for)g Lirig rhoi gian cin phii nung toi ll500C.
2. O mgi nhi€t d6 vd mgi f! s6 mol NarCO: : Fe2O3 d3u dugc natri metaferit: Na2O.Fe?Or

3. Khi trong h6n hqp du natri cacbonat, vi6c tao thinh nahi ferit se cham tr6 giiing nhu nong h6

NazCOr - AhOr.

4. Vi€c lao thinh natri ferit tu NaOH vi FerOr sd ph 6t fthi.jt 42,1kcatlmol, con khi tacdungsit
oxit voi nahi cacbonat se thu nhiet 31,3 kcal/mol.

5. C6c chi s0 chi€t quang cia natri ferit:

Ng = 2,08 + 0.003, No = 2,01 + 0.01
6. A 1025 + 200 natri ferir c6 biiin hoa lhu hlnh thuin nghich kdm hi€u ftng nhi€t, tti€u nd,v- thd

hiQn rd tr€n durmg nung n6ng vd dudng ldm ngu6i.

7. A nhi6t d6 cao s6 xi ra qul trinh I6n i€n cta c6c tinh thd, qu6 trinh phAn ly nhi€t cda natri
ferit, kdm theo vi6c bay hoi NazO vi tao ra pln nrcri; doi voi kali vri rubidi sC tao thani ferit ki6u p

Fe2Or hodc (K, Rb)rO.I 1 Fe2O3, c6 t5 chric trrrmg tu rrhu p Al2O3; d6r v6i liti, natri vd xezt thi khi
nung kl6!g 1ao rd hop chAt ferit nhu viy.
8 Nhiet dO nomh chdy cua natri ferit b,ng i li i
Natrj tcrit crlng dudc tao thdnh nhu natri alrrrninat theo phan une:

NazCO3 - Fe2O; : Fs:il. '(rO2

Na2O.

l)r:u:ar,i.r lLr^u rhtrng rrrinh l-;r::h, n;iric. rlhi nunp r.rtrr, r. b.,nat voi ..rr ',rir ;i .:.rrii
r,uong I'hr Cr,' ' ,n .'r.rr 100 401-r mrnllr. rr:h.. b l.r:r h"'n nh,e r -o .oi dp -;uar phan l) .,a rrrrr
.rcb.n.rt:'iir; iao rhrrh a;rtri fcritdiiidnhinl hirh rhurhg. Phdn ring tac, thinh natri ferir chi Llirlg lei
khi ap sudi i(,- irr ''i(l 100 mmllg. lghr"r iri rL'rn hlin dp suat :irr bing cia phin Ling 3iira n:rrri
cacb,rnat vd sit c-'xit

182
 Tdc tlyng gi*a NulCA j vri SiOl

Trong hd Na.CO, - SiO, (hinh 70), dd duoc nlridu ngudi nghi€n cLru. co th€ o6'1 srlicat voi
nhi€t dQ chdy (theo trat tu tdng hdm iuong NazO) nhu sau: 874, 1089, 1il0 va lU8l0i Thco tii Iieri

khdLc, natri octosilicat NaaSiOa n6ng chiry kdrn theo phrAn ly. Khu 'ruc gach chdo trtn hinh 7t) tucng
ung vdi dung dich rin. M[i t6n chi huong iludag ldng n6ng ihiy cria SiO] ( 17 lloc).
Didu ly thri ld dd x6c dinh duoc crc loai silicat duoc tao ra trong diiu ki0n theu ket phoi lieu
va t6c d$ tao thdnh chfng ra sao. Nghi0n ciru vin dd ndy gdnr co Lileev, Mazel, Tamrnan vd Oclsen,

Strokov. Muxial6v va nhirng nguoi khac.

Sau khi nung h5n hqp silic oxit vdi natri cacbonat du trong 4h d ntri€t dQ tu 4700C ddn 8700C

vd hoa tan thi€u kiit phinr trong nudc th6y hiQu su6t thu hiii SiO, tang lri 42.5 l6n 83,5%.

i
I

;,It ! \.1

rtt|lll ; .:t;!!
'j.i,jl -. t;:,!,
/:l ;
d.!el'u---.- t: ,.

ll
lj
;l
,tl
ql !tj:
ti ilI
._.u._ I
1

il )lt t,/] 6t)

linlr| $':" cj'
';-
\:!
.+5 a
+''.'
1.8
Hinh 70. Hq silic oxit - natri oxit

Thi€u kiit phim nung d 300 - 7000C c6 tinh x6p, d6 v6 vun, cdn 6 900rC vir cao hon thi n6ng

chiy. Khi d6, c6u truc cua silic oxit c6 dnh hudng lon. Thach anh t6c dung nhanh voi natri cacbonat
chi khi nung t6i 800 8500C, cdn keo silic -,Ji ric dung m4nh d 6000C. O 9000C ca hai dang cira silic

oxit ddu phdn irng hodn todn vdi natri cacbonat.

Ph6i lieu boxit thudng thieu t<tit o ttoo 12000C, nghia ld nung d nhi€t d6 l6n hon so voi
nhi6t d6 cin thidt d6 tec dung nhanh giiia silic oxit yi natri cacbonat LJo do. o cac lo thieu ket phni

li€u boxit la didu ki6n thudn loi dd bi6n tdt cd silic oxit thanh kidm silicat.

Anh huong cua thoi gian nung h6n hop ding phrn nr garn Na.[]0. vrii SiOr d 800 810'Cl

nllu sau

Ihoi gian nung, ph -10 60 l:0 180

Ii le thu h6i siticat, % i 1.-i 60.6 - .: 1

10

Natri cacbonat tac dung v,ri silic oxit nhanh htrn ;o vrii khi tdc dung roi FelC); hoic AilO,

Khi thi€u k6t h6n hcn b6t ki Nal('(,i, r'ji Si0' cnng chi lacr ra r.rtri melasilicat iNalSiLl,)- kh6ng phr

:ltLl r( !J,,rr 't' , l. r,111 r l , rr thu - rn 'r'l r.

l8.r
 TroDg ir€ K2O SiO: nguoi ra tirn ilu,.ic bi' hrrp olrdt: K2O.SiO, c6 uh jdt d0 chd), 976'U,
K20.2SiOz 10360C vd K20.4SiO2 '76j11. Nigli 'ii -Nlorey d€u ii6n dd clung phLrong phdp thuy
nhier de nhan xalidisilicat. llai loai silicat Jau co lrrh hur am lon.
I'tic dung gita NazCOj(K2COj) vd T|OT

Nhflng s6 li6u thf nghi€m v,i tac dpng giila c6c chAt k6 trdn kh6ng nhidu. theo Mironov vi
Pazukhin. khi thi€u k6t h5n hqp gdm natri cacbonar vii rutin voi r! sO aing phan nr gam. chi thu duLr-.

m6t hgp ch6t - Na2O.TiO2, chir kh6ng du'rc politilanat tao ra trong pha ldng chira r,NaOH

Trong hQ Na2O.TiO2 [3] da dc nh{n ring c.- tao m cac titanat sau: Na2TiOr c6 n}ri€t d6 chriy
1030"C vri hai politilanat: Na2Ti2O. nong cbiy d 985\ . vd na2Ti3Or n6ng chriy d I l2E"C
Theo tii li6u kh6c t.ric dung giEa Na2CO3 vdi 'I iO2 khi nung tir 800 cl€n 1000"C sd cho c6c hgp

chAt tuong ung vdi c6c c6ng thtic : NauTirO: , NazTi2O5 vti NasTi5Ou. Kii thay natri cacbonat barg
kali cacbonat chi tgo thir*r hai hgp ch61: K2 I i2O5 vd K,TiO3
Ttic dung giita CaCO j vd Alfl j

,l
t
;, ..,. ,
.-*

Hinl 71.IIC
O nhi€t tl6 cao chLing t4o thanh cdc ulu",,uo,. nh&ng alumrnat niiy kidng chi quan trong
"un*'
rrorrg san xuat alumin. ma cdn quan nrgng lrtng sar, rudr rirrrang. rdt lierr . hiu Iua. B,irn str Vi rat hi

CaO- AltOr dZ duoc nghi€n crl.u nhi€u lin va i_v'* cang

l rong h€ nA-"" (hinh ? 1 ). c6 th€ tao thanh bon alminar: traican-xiaiuminat f lCaO. .{1201) nong
chay khOng toin ddng (kdm theo phin hoa) (i l5l5'C. rrrilt sil nhd nghidn criu on dalg tlanh cdi yi srr

tdn tai crla n6 vd coi n6 nhu dung dich cua CaO tron:r jfaO.J ]\11(f3; 5CaO. 3Al2O.: CaO.Al2or va
j(.a0.5CaOAlrO;.cdc aluminat ndy n6ne ch.ry tuong ung o 1455'rJ, l6i)0"C,1r20" + 10"C; sau ni).
nguoi ra da th6ng b6o c6 aluminar thr n6nr-Cao.6.\ Lo., ntlnc cha," kem rhco phtin hoa o 1850+10"

lireo tdj li€u kh:ic. thiinh phan thuc te cLra hrip .rhat 5CaO lAlr(). tuorllt rinq ',,ri cono thLr,.:

1?(1a0.7..\1.O. hgp ch6t -lCaO. 5 Al_o. r';et tharrh .jng thLrc CtO.2 Al:O;
"""
184
 Tit cd ciic aiurninal ud-"- co Llo hoa tan khic nhau trouc nuc' trong dtrlig ilich natri cacbnat va

trong dung dich xut c6sttc

Vidc nghiOn cfu trong linh vua rhi€rr k6t flaCOr viri AlzOr kh6ng cho nhiig kdt qui nhAt qudn'

Vi dp, str6c6v, |luxiacov vd Karenelenb6gen d6 di d6n kilt luan rang. khi thi€u k6t h6n hqp c6 r)-
s6

mol CaO: AlrO3 bing 3 vd 1,67, nghia li theo tinh toan tao thdnh 3CaO Alro' va 5CaO 3Al2Ol'
diu

rien rao thdnh tricanxi aluminat vd chi mQt phAn nhd t4o thanh cic aluminat kh6c CaO AlrO:, 5CaO

lAl:Or vi Kit nung hr

3CaO.5 AlzO:. Kni 3Q0"C trong
den iIJUU'L
hJ 100 diSn rlrur gian
Kloang thdi
rong khoing lh d6n
grarr Lu rrr uu' nong
usu 6h, uuu6

thi€u ktit phAm cbri y6u t4o ra c5c ch6t ban tlAu. khi f s6 mol CaO: AIzOr=1,0 trong thidu kdt phim uu

ticn r4o ra aluminat ngay tt 1200"c. cho th€m 7,5% Fe2O3( so v6i trgng luong thi6u kct phem) sc lam
Phern ung gita CaCO'
tang nhanh viQc t4o thdnh aluminat tuong ring voi thdnh ph6n h6n hq? ban
'l6u
vd Al2O,r sE ti6n hnnh nhann khi cho th€m Y,hoing2Y" CaF2( so vdi trong luong h6n hqp)
Anh huong

cria chAt cho th€m ney 16 ret d6i v6i h5n hgp 1:1 d ngay 700"C, cdn a6i
vei n6n hqp 3:1- d 800-900"C

Khi thi6u k6t C"i:O, ve AlrO:, khdng phs thu6c vao {'lQ gi[a chfng, ddu ti6n bao gio cfrng

rao ra CaO. AlzO3 kdm theo 5CaO.SAlrO: . Khi tnng nhi€t d6 vd kdrn voi diim chdy crLa no thi cdn

bing chuy6n dich vd phia pha cnn bing gin gii5ng thdnh ph6n cta h6n hgp ban ddu
K-tri nung h5n hqp ding ph6n tri gam CaCO: voi Alz0r tu 500"C da xuat hien
cdc tinh th€

canxi m,5noaluminat <liu ti€n, nhung tr€n cb bin n6 duo.c tao thanh khi nring tl6n 900-l000"C Phrin

ung ph6t nhipt 16 n6t tr€n duong cong hinh 72 chirng t6 ring nhiQt luong td ra cria phan img nhy l6n
vA CaO.2 AlzOr
hon ti€u thu nhigt e$ ph6n ly canxi cacbonat c6 lan mqt it cric hat 3CaO. AlzO:

lli t '1

-'//tri -l
I
ei

ii,], *
,

duli -, t

1{iti
/'hrlr tl;a':
Hinh ?2. Duclg nung n6ilg hOn hqp
CaO-A12Ol.
_ NAiet d0
tuOi tuTimg.
--N'hiit dO hon 1igp.

185
 . '***i.*r4ffiffiftftrfli|Iffil

Co th6 nhan duoc canxi aluminat bdng cech thi6u ktit h6n iro-p ..r ty so hon hop mol L ar U.:

Al:O: =3 6 nhi€t dO tu l200oC ibit dir tao thrinh), diin 1380'C (phdn irng kiir k6t thic) trong rn6t rhni
gian rlt ddi.
C6 thd nhAn duoc c6c aluminat iCaO.l Al:O; kftr rhieu ket d 1350"C, cdn CaO.2 AlzO: khi
thi€u kdt d 1400"C nilu h6n hgp ban diu co thdnh tuong ung vdi cdc c6ng thric tr€n
Ttic dyng giita CaCO j vd SiO2

H€ CaO-SiO, (hinh 73) tluqc Rankin vd Rait nghi€n cuu c6n thAn. Trong h€ ndy tl6 bi6t c6c hop

chat sau:

l. Canxi metasilicat (CaO.SiO2) co Hinh r-3. Cian dd trang thrii h9 CaO-Siornhi€t ilQ n6ng chriy
15400c nhan ttuoc khi kiit tinh ch6t n6ng chdy o dSng c-cao.Sio2 hay gie volastonit vtng bdn t6i klri

Idm nguQi d6n 1500C, d I 1509C vi th6p hon s6 tao thinh p- CaO.SiO, tumrg img voi volastinir. Cd hai

d4ng metasilicat ddu tao thdnh nhitng dung dich r6n v6i hai ch6t bdn c4n-tr rd cAc pha SiO2 vir
3CaO.SiOr.

'tat,t

c'r't .n I'q, hp
i-'tu b'i ', /r1
,, " .V ".n,,r,.1 iili_*.i...,, l

. r",**,r., s\" t* t,v, , '.!

r.rast -\4"[\*r,iilll
t , lqt
rr'atr,,
r'0,
/.,t.,,, TtJ' ,',ri or I

:i )ai"n;,a.
.<
i:.'ti, r'."u'+ \
l! .{ I ;.i i

h"/;'t
.i i :. :l {

. i F:r '"';'".
:t-to!''o: s''j i

I i l:: !
a nairna,f-t.6 i,o: I i hta .*...j
I ; L;,.. , a-- ....
,. --.;, ,i.j: i; ."--: ,),., --.;,
J /L- ''e{./ ,," :,.l

t-r;lii'i . il$. t:, i, r'j,!

Hinh 3.cid! d0 fan-e thfi hd CaO-SiO2

2. -rCaO.SiOr n6ng chdy kh6ng todn ding cr 17500C.

3. Oclosilat 2CaO.SiOr, n6ng chiir.r i) 2ll00C, o th€ rin tdn tai drr6i ba dang:o-CasSrO'. bdrr

!&ug trorrg phdm \i I ll0 14200C:p.Ca-SrO, - bdn rung giia '-ll0-6-ira ',a,-l-a.5 U, h, .r \ ine .,

6750C ve th;p hor. Nhiing nhi6t d0 bi6n pha ndy, ddc bi€r ld a<.'B chi qLran sdt duoc chinh ;itic khi co

chat Cal:.

t86
nF |lp.r!'.n'i.!.'' ' 'r'

Theo Neiman vd Wells. cho th€ni:\l;O;, \1gO. Fe:Or va'l'iOr ciirg nhu Calir. :i lirrrr ciam

nhjet d6 bien pha va rhuc da_\ vier rnu\;n h'ien a rhanh 0-2( aU.SrU...

4. lricanrisilicat lCaO.SiO co rhe nhan duoc kli n.rng lau hon h"p CaO ra SiO ,l i400-
15000C.0 l9000C,3CaO.SiO2 ph6.n ly r4o thdnh Ca:SiOr vdL Cao.

Trong sdn xudt Aluminum theo phuong phdp rhieu k€t, canxi oclosilicat li c6 916 tri, vl khi nung
h6n hqp CaCO. va SiO2 theo ti le bdr ki no r,uat hi€n truoc het.

B-2CaO.SiO, khdng b6n vimg o 675oC vri nhi€t d0 th6p hor, nhung tong thi€u kilt mdm

aluminat cia phdi li€u boxit, nefelin hodc alumisilicat kh6c, n6 virng bin ngay cil khi lam nguoi hoan
toin. Khi co mit kidm aluminat hoac mot 'o it rap chdt B:O,.PrO va cdc chit khdc. carrxi oclosilat chi
k6t tinh d dang p. Bdi vi hong moi ph6n tiri0u k6t phAm ddu chua nhiiu natri alumirrat, cho nen eanxi
octosilicat c6 hong thi€u k6t phim d€u u" dang p.

E6 nh|n tluqc p-CauSiOE cin phii nung h5n hqp CaCOr vd SiOz v6 dlnh hinh d 14000C, t6i

trong nu6c, sau tl6 thi€u kiit phAm, cho th€m 0.5%BrO5 dd ngdn ngua chuydn biiin p-zCaO.SiO, thanh

'y-2CaO.SiOr. Khi p-2CaO.SiO2 biiln thdnh 1-2CaO.SiO, sd thay d6i nhiAu vi tinh chit: trong lumg
ri€ng giAm tt 3.2E xu6ng 2.97, th6 tich tnng ldn lffl0. Vi vdy thi6u kdt ph6m hay xi chira nhidu canxi
oclosilat s€ tU vd vun thinh hat min. Trong mQt vhi truong hqp di€u ndv lA c6 ich, cdn lai trong nhirng

truong hqp kh{c thi riit c6 hqi. Vi du, xi hodc thi€u k6t phdm c6 chfa canxi aluminat vd oclosilicat

tlinh dem hda tan bing dung dich natri cacbonat, iit crmg, nhu v{y vigc dem chring nghidn thdnh bQt

min kh6 khnn vri t6n k6m. Ntfu xi honc thi6u kilt ph6m ndy khi ldrn nguQi. tu vd nrn do brEn thdi thu
hinh crla oclosilicat thi viQc lay vi nghidn nhd thi6u k6t se kl6ng cin thi6t nta.

Trong colanhke d nhd m6y sin xudt ximdng cfing phdi ngrin chdn viQc t4o thenh 1-2CaO.SiOr,

bdi vi n6 khdng c6 tinh ch6t dinh, nguoc vdi c6c dqng c-,p-. Bidn d6i B-2CaO SiO, rhdnh y-
2CaO.SiO2 cfing kh6ng cho ph6p d6i v6i g-ach chiu lta, bdi vi gach s€ vd vun thdnh bot. NdLr didu nay

sAy ra trong lo xdy bing gach nhu v6y cdn t€ hon.

Chuyiln bi6n a+>B cria oclosrlicat tien hdnh khd nhanh o nhr€t d6 cao (14200C). chuyiln bidn

Be1 xdy ra d 6750C. tu.,-.ng d6i chAni hon vd ddi khi mu6n vd vun thi phai lirn ngu6i hoin todn thidu
k€t phdm.

\luorr phong ng.ra hoic ngun3 rrg churin bi€n B rharrn , J, ,ru.SlU. co lhe drl'g ,.rc .hjr lam
on dinh B-2Ca0 SiOr. do lzi cdc chrt tau thanh dung dich ran ror [i'lCaO.SiOz hoic tao thdnh ciic

ming dAi, dilc cia chir kiic bao bo. :.unr quanh rn,ii m;t rinh rhi B-lCaO.Sior 'ua can rro vi€c ring

the tich 0-2Ca0.SiO'. do do cdn tro'ri.^c ehul'€n bi€n. Luong chiit 6n drnh t6i thi€u cin dung nhu sau:

1 9"oCrlO-..0.5%\'1O., I 1oP1O5; 0.25%Lr2O3 0.25ozi,lr{n:Or.

i87
 Gin diy nguoi ta n-h6n th6y As201 cirne iin 0n Cinh B-2Ca0.SiO1. Ihrrc ta ihrong dung tll(l;
vi P2O\ larn ch6t 6n dinh o dang mu,ii canri hoai , rir

Chuy€n bi6n B thanh 7 cnng ldm thar d6i tinh ch6t quang hgc cua oclosiiicat.

p-2CaO.SiO, 1-2CaO.SiO,

No |.13s 1.654

Nm I .720 I1.645

Np 1 .117 r.642

Tdc tlltng giira CaO vd SiOz,

Khi thi€u kiit CaCO3 vi Si02 lu6n ludn th6y diu ti€n tao octosilicat. Nhung theo Nagai,
3CaO.2SiO2 le sirn phim diu ti€n cta phin ring, con khi ti6p tuc t6ng nhiet d6, khi nhi€{ cl6 gin diin
di6m n6ng chdy hoic khi git mot thdi gian r6t IAu s€ tlugc silicat thing vOi tann pnan cria h6n ho-p de
chqn. Nhiiog k6t lu6t ney dua h€n k6t qui x6c dlnh him luong CaO tu do vd SiO2 lien k6t thieu kdt
trong sAn phAm.

. Theo Cucoveg sg thay d6i theo thdi gian cua hem lugng phan rAm cua ba loai canxi silicat
tong thi€u t<6t ptrAm Hri h5n hqp ban ddu tinh theo CaO.SiO2 di6n tri bang cdc dudng biiiu di6n tr€n
hinh 74. N6u nung h5n hqp d 12000C sau nia gid m6i xudt hi6n CaO.SiOr, sau mQr gid hem luong
silicat li nhu nhau. Ti6p qc git,d nhi€t dQ niy s€ tdng hiiun luqng CaO.SiO2 vd giim him luqng silic
kJr6c. Sau 5h, 2CaO.SiOr se bi6n mAt, cdn 3CaO.SiO2 thi giF tlugc sau s6u gid nung. Jander vd
Hoftnan tld lr.iy dpng crlc dudng tuong tr,r, nhrmg kdm chinh x6c hcm. CaO dinh chuy6n nhanh hon
SiOz, cho n€n n6 sd phri cdc hgt SiOr. Vi vi1, khu€ch L{'n s€ theo hu6ng qua l6p sin phim cLia phin

ung fu CaO chua phin rmg vdi SiOr. Canxi octosilic ddu ti6n xuit hi€n d- tang th6i vO dinh hinh, sau

d6 chuy6n sang d4ng k6t tinh. Tilc dS phnn rmg tdng khi giim kich thuoc hat phan ring. kii tdng nhier
.^ ;., ,i, , ^
cQ va rang ne so Knuecn nn IJ:

ao
U : L1e r: L1e Rra (x.r)

Trong d6:

C1, a vd q ldr nhimg hdng s0

R: hing sd ch6t khi

I nnlet oo Iu)et oor.

183
 . .-.-,*...*;*{*rffiffld$
Cic hing so q vir a {oi la con'. phdn lr lrar nht':t rn rtrn Jongthdi q=aR: ling iuo-ng t6i tLi6rr

(tinh bang Calo) cin phdi lLir; €n ch' I m,,l vi hat hanr- .ach r'ung tld cdc vi hat '16 tLL lClu6ch d'n Noi
.ach khac q li narg luortg h 'ar i"a Je khudch tar,.

\ lru
-\
$,
.a. rt

{
i/-/i'J6
;./;& 4rat:,h

Hinh 71. Cdc sdn phdm plrdrr nrg trong hdn hqp
CaO:SiO2: 1:1 o t200oC.
Thay gi6 tri D vdo phuong trinh tlong hqc cua phin tng d-tr4ng th6i r6n vi tinh dcn su php thuQc c0a

chidu ddy (y) cria lop sin phAm phin img vio thu'i gian (z) trong qu6 trinh ding nhi€t, ta duoc:

y2 = zDCoz= 2cac,e-| z - r' (l - ffi' - zxt (x-4)

zc^q::rrz: (i -
F>z:2J - z Koz (x-5)

Khi nghi€n cuu sqr phU rhu6c nhi€t rl0 cia hing s6 tirc dQ cria phan tmg thi nghi€m cAn ti€n hdnh

o" c6i gid tr! z vd r nh6t o1nn. xdu kr hiQu K"z la K. con {* L c ,t i phLrong trrnh phu thu6c

nhi6t clO cia hing sl5 t6c d0 phdn ring c6 dang sau;

K:(1- (x-6)

lgK - (x-7)
leC -
z-
Dij xdc djni gi6 rri Lt ,. u a cirr plrai rdc Cinh li uoc gii tri cua K bing tlru,-: n ihrOtt' rr hai nhidt di,

khac nhau. nhd su dung darrg lirtLcl

.. e
r-
IIOO-t\ l
' \J ioc

i8(,r
 Sau rlo, Lhay gia trj K viro bi6u thirc o nhiet tl'i tu,,,irg r?ng. ta drrqc hai phuolg trrrh, ru d6 x6c
dinlt C ';d a.

Sp phu thuQc gitia lgK vi 10'''l l-hi tl,iiu i.dt i-'aLr yd Si()r trong m6i trtrong khong klii kh6 vd
trong moi trircng co hoi nuoc. di6n ra bdrg nlrirrlg ddong rhing {hinh 75). lrdn hinh \ a ra rhAy rants.

khi c6 h<yi nudc c6 gi6 trituyel d6i cfra K nho hcm so vfi trong khdng khi kh6. vi gid trr am cua lgK,

c6 nghia ld K vi hi€u su6t thu hdi silical x tuong u:re trong kh6ng khf dm s€ lon hor trong khdng khr

kh6. Nhu vdy, hoi nudc tll thirc ddy tic dr;ng gita CaO vd S;Or. ViCc xric dinh gid tri a va C bdng crich

lgp gi6 tri cria K vA T trong phuong hinh loga cua phin ung de cho dugc cdc kdt qua nhu sau:

'a : 16200 vi C = 490 trong kl6ng khi khd.

a 17500 vi C = 4170 trong k-h6ng khi dm.

Cric con s{! tr6n chrimg td ring gid tri a trong kh6ng khi kh6 vi im tuong d6i giiing nhau, cdn C
trong klrong kbi in lon hor trong khong khi kho 8,5 I6n vd phD hgp vdi viec thric dav phan ung. coi

nhu xurit phet tu phuong trinh:

tgK : IgC
2.37
Theo Cucolev, vift liLrn nhanh phan ung bing hoi nudc c6 th6 ld do vigc IAm toi xdp c6u trric
tinh th6 crla silicat ttugc t4o ra, <lidu niy c6 th6 lAm tang tiic eld khu6ch trin trong silicat. Giri thitlt vd su

toi x6p crla ciu tirc c6 thd cooi nhu hiQn tugng tfti bi6t va vi€c hda tan cta nu6c trong siiicat v6i su
| 1 |.t . ^ -
chuy€n bi€n ion Oi trong chlng thdnh ion OI{'h6a tri l:

01 + Ptg - 2gg-

Berezna dd x6c tlinh ring, d mor nhi€t dQ caxi octosilicat dutyc tao thinh tu cric oxit nhanlr hon
so voi magie octosilicat. D6 ld do phrin rlng v6i caxi toa nhi€t nhi6u.rd tinh linh hoat cira Ca2* lon hon

so v6i Mg!*.

Vi€c tao thdnh volastonit d 10000(,'trong h5n hgp CaO:SiO2 = 1:l seki:tthuckhi o10000Csau
400h, cdn voi canxi cacbonat sau 8lh Nhu vav doi r or oxit silic, CaO do cacbonat phin 11. ra co ho4t

tinh lon hcm.

'liic tlltng tia CrCO j thi TiOz r,i ciu CaCO. vtii Fe203

Thco \igli, fiO, vd CaO s€ tatr thinh canxi lnetatitanat CaO.Ti0_- irodc prr.rp,LLr. rdc hr,p char
,rlr.rrir,Jrr^, tanthanh khr!o ntrl k,em.t.bonJt. l,^J,.lhr srn xuat alumin thct, prru,n, phipthieu

ki'l .arr phai rho th€m vii khort nh rne.iri l,ir. kcr . ,r .il;. , rir ma c,..rn lrdn kd \ ,r l rr , frons
'lr' l.' lr"f r'rr .i i.hong raJ -J lJI" ''r(
lJlilril.:l. l.rt, :.,rrn t"l,rt krem

l llil
 KJri thidu k€t ph6i li6u kiong bio hoa. sdt oxit cung voi (laL(r; rao thdnh caxi ferit. Trong hd

CaO-Fe;O-. nguii ta da bitit ru ldu hai ferit. CaO.Fe2O; vd 2CaO.FelOl ca haichdt nd1 khi nong clray'
d€u phAn ly. Tavasci cho rdng, ngoAi chlng ra con tao thdnh CaO 2Fe203 c6 nhi€t d0 nong chai'
12270C. su t6n tai cria hqp chdt ndy d6 duo-c Arakelian chimg minh. Luolg Fe2O3 dii c6 du so voi
luqng hgp phuc tao thdnh CaO.2FerO; ctng khdng tham gia phAn fng.

Khi thi€u kiit trudc h6t tao ra 2CaO.Fe,O'. vi vdy ndu trong h6n hop ti s6 CaO:Fe:Or birrg 2.0

thi d mqi nhi6t d6 s€ t4o ra 2CaO.Fe2O1. n6u trong h5n hgp ban dAu CaO:FerOr: I thi o nhiet do thep

rluo. c hdn hgp cd hai ferir voi i.it oxit tu do, khi nung d6n 1 1000C vd ca, hon sdr oxit ru do sE phan

hriy ferir c6 dd kidm cao hon.

Fe2O, + 2g29.PsrO3 - 2(CaO.FerOs)

d l200oC t6c dung gi&a CaO vd Fe2O3 hodn thdnl trong nira gio

PHOI LIEU NHIELT NGUYEN.

Ttic dyng giira Na2CO:, AhOt vi Fezos

Vi voi natri cacbonal t4o tha.nh ferit nhanh hon so voi tao thanh aluminat, cho n6n co rlre gia

thi6t rang, n€u natri cacbonat kh6ng d[ dii li6n k6t toan bO Al2O3 vd Fe2O3 thi chri 1eu sd rao rhanh

nahi fqit cdn AirO3 cdn lai d d4ng tp do.

De thi nLhiem chrirg minh giithi6tndy: kh i nung 700-8000C h6n hop Na2CO] : A l.O3 Fe2O3 =
l: I : I tru6c hi5t tao thdnh ferit, nhung d 9000C vA cao nhon sin phim cria phdn rmg chdr y6u gom natri

alurninat, tl6 ld do diy NarO ra khdi ferit theo phrin ring:

Al2O3 + Na2O.Fe2Oj = Na2O.Alr03 + Fe2or

Kdt qua cira vi€c nung natri ferit va ulurnin ($ s6 mol I : l) o 10000C sau 3h di bi{!n 88% t6ng s6

alumin thinh aluminat vd c[ng ti6t ra m6t luong FezO3 tU do nhu vay. Trong sdn xudt, Urr larr r

\acbonat trong phoi li€u khung du lien k6r ror Al:Or vd Fe2O. rhio r)hiel do cao phdn rrng chu reu tiin
hanh re phia ta.' ra uluminal. Do do crj rlre han ch€ s6 luong natli racbo,rat cho vdo plroi lreu bing

c6ch tinl todn liCn k6t vdi todn b0 AlzOr vd chi li6n kt-it vni mot phin FelOr.

\hung rhe" Arakelian. narri cacbur.it klrjngdu nhu var.o tlr€ lan t,,i rdn rhdt I'jirrr ra ai rrrril

tao ra hai dang dung dich rdn c vd B trong hd Na:O Al2Or FezO, chi chira khoing 3%rr*a2O. Dung

Cich rin,r nhan duoc o nhi€t d6 khoang llirl)'Cl, con B o 1250''('. ( a har dung dich na1 rliu khr:ng hoa
tan trcng nuoc. ..in lr{rng Jdng djch 3rit clohydrit chi c6 p hda tan.

l9i
 Hiah 76.

Khi thi€u k6t NarO.AhO3 viNa2O.Fe2O3 s€ 4o ra hinh loat dung dich ren, dic trung bang cac
chi s5 chiiit quang thay d6i tu 1.58 (cia Aluminat) t6i 2.0E (cria ferit)- Theo chi s6 chii't quang c6 th€
x6c tlinh thnnh phAn.udc luqmg cta dung dich ii{r, nhjng dung dich rin niy hoa tan mg nh tro}g dung
dich kidm yiiu. Khi nung n6ng ho[c llm ngu6i c6c dung dich iin nay sc kdrn theo bilin h6a thii hlnh

thuan nghich rii 4500C ldidm chuy6n bi€n crla natrialuminat) d6n 10250C (<tiiim chuy6n bi6n crla natri

ferit).

nluot
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l1mr ii.

itz
,- .-'- .,rn-ti:.i"r'*"at;i+J" ,,--'

ilhr nung o irhiei do cao Na,O cirng bal nor ithoi dung Cich ran Dtt,r nr) .,rr , ,i thanh ph.rn
h, p rhrr. hi I'h., h'r-\ \a rr,:t rrren 1,i,6 rnni c, tldrlr ph ln \a o nAi., ) tll e r,. \ir"r ir rili h^a ri,n dc

rhu 1.r l.:lzr.l ia AlrU 'rL'hgp chit 'rl,

Ndutingn6rgddnatdibritsClamgidmnhiQtd6nongchd-rcrialungd,chran.ilimgidnr
phdrtr vi nhiet di tac thanh thidu kdt san phdm

Nhu viy, tuy theo d - Nal() Fe.O3 co thi tao thdnh va

s6 molNa2O:R2O3 trong h€ Al2O3

dirng thoi cLr miir cdc pha sau: khi b s6 mol NarO:R:O3 . l-cdc dungJich ran Na'O.AlzO, -

Na2O.Fe2O1 va Na2O hodc Na2CO:; khi ti sti mol Na2O:R2O. : I - chi c6 ciic dung dich rin

Na2O.AI2Or - Na2O.Fe2O3; kii $ so mol Na2O:R2O. < t tao thani hai ki6u dung dlch rin Na2O.Alzt-r3

- Na.O.Fe2O, va BAlrOr 0Fe 2O3 hoic Na:O.l l tAl.Fe)rOr: k-h i ty so mol Naru.RrU. <0.09 ngoai cac

dung d ich rin Na:O. I lrAl.Fe)zO. cr)ng co thi ton rai cdc dang da hinh cua nhom oxit va sat oxir. So

tl6 viing pha cira hQ Al:O: - NarO Fe:O: theo Arakelian didn ti tr€n hinh 76.

Tic dqng giira natri cacbotrat, alumin vir silic oxi1.

ViCc tao thdnh kiDh gdy kh6 khdn cho vigc nghi€n ciru h€ AlzO: - Na2O - SiOl. So dd gidn d6
,.i .:
cua h€ ndy li ^ bieu
hinh 77. Tr€n do rd rang c6 3 h<rp chit ba nguy€n: l) nefelin hoAc cacnefit

Na2O.Al2O3.2Si02 n6ng chdy r1 12560C..2) jadeit Nau O.Al:O:.4SiOr n6ng chiy d 10600C, nhtmg kh6
kdt tinh, vi vay it duorc nghien cfu (trong thien nlrien t6n tai d dang kho6ng vlt anarnix chira mot phdn
tu nu6c: Na2O.Al2O:.4SiOz-HrO); 3) anbit Na:O.AlzO3.6Sio2 n6ng chiy d 12000C, .tec biiit kh6 kdr
tinh, kh6ng cho th€m kho',ng ch6t thi khong nh{n duo. c trang th6i k6t tinh tu chit n6ng chay.

Trong ca ba trudng hgp niy Na2O:AI2O3 : I gi6ng nhu aluminat, vi vAy tr€.ri giAn dd chring d€u

nirn tr€n dudng trung tuydn xu6t phdt tir g6c SiOr.

fhi rrglridrn thieu k€r hnn hopNa;CO,.AI'O, ,,a SiO- t l:l:n, trong dieu lrin 5dn voi ap sudl.
trong do natri cacbonat cho veo'chi du li€n kiit voi Al:O;;, chung td ring o 8000C. sau lh natricacbonat

lai bi phdn hty hodn todn clO tao ra metasilicat nQ{azo,2S iOz) vd aluminat 1I -n)1 Na,O.A llO- t dong

tho'i cdn lai alumin tu do nA1103. Silic oxit horin todn phin irng v6i natri cacbonat. cdn du ratri
cabonat mdi li€n kiit vdi alumin theo s6 iuo-ng ding h6a tri. bdi vi o 800!C phan ung thir nh5t ti6n
hdnh nhanh hol phrin ung thir hai. Khi tii5p tuc tdng nhi€t c10 diin 12004( . eurrg f horrg thar alu m rn tu

'1,'
t ,ng .arr phim phir, Lrrrg
' s2s phdn ung thu sinh.au

t).5n(1'la2O.Al1O.) + n(Na.O.-si0:) - 0.5nf li arO.A l.0..lSiO:)

:r N::O - n..\l;O1 . niNalO AllO.) (x'3 r

San phirn cuiii iihi tic dung hcin hop Nal('O;.Ai1O1 rd SiC)1 ld 0.5n rrol alumosilicat vd ( i
"ing
'I r' 1 1'; rlljl'1 tlrrr nlrit I.r .i'l\ r.l ron cotr .rn p\al I 'Itu ltJt \udl hi(n -n, I
tn ,r .tl,r'rt n.l. r1,.n!'11.

1l:r,.r .l. r'.t,1r,;1.r.,i . ,, ii-.t.ri-i, t:,1 r.r'ri.,' ,r:l , r,l rit I rl -,r |,el hrpn r. \'
l9-l
thuc td natri alumosilicat khting hoa tan lrrng,Juiig. dicir cirrg o xudng. tllo .rin. kl,rthieLr let h6n hop
cotys6rnolNa.CO,:AI2O.,:SiOl=1:1:n,t',',-'lQih,rh6',t;idacuaAl:OrvaNarOL'irg(I'05n)1009/",
c' ddr n so mol SiO2 tinh. ho nrit mol .i):O, tronc 'rcn hop

Lileev xrlc nh{n ring, d nhiQt tl(, 3004t ddn 5()0')C, natri cabonat phdn ung voi silic oxit tao ra
natri silicat, khi teng nhiet dd l€n mot chut natri silicat t6c dung v6i alumin t4o thdnh natri alumosilicat

nhidu kidm:

2O{azO.SiOJ + AlzOr -+ 2Nau O.AlzO:.2SiO: (x-e)

Khi ti6p tpc tang nhi€t tl6, natri alumosilicat nhidu kiem t6c dpng vdi alumin tao thdnh natri
alumosilicat vd natri aluminat.

2Naro.Ahor.2Sioz + Alu o; = NazO.Al2o3.2SiC)2 + Na2o.Al2o3 (x-10)

Lileev cho rdng khOng ai x6c nh{n phuong trinh (X-8), vifc vi6t ra Na2O trong truong hqp ndy

ld con mo h6.

He ICrO-Al2Or-SiO2 cho ilin nay vin chua ughidn cfu dAy dri. ChAt n6ng chiy cria hf niy d6
thiry tinh h6a vi riit ki6 k6t dnh. Cric hqp chdt ba ngul€n quan tring cria hQ ndy lir: kaliofolit

KzO,AlzO:,2SiOr; loxit KzO,AhOr,4SiQ; vi octocla hodc microlin KrO"AlrO:,6SiO:.

uor'
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odl*
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,iir
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,01*
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t?t Siti!
,iL tl,;,| ,,
11lntl ,d .

I tic ttung gita Nr2CO;, (.-tCO1 vrt '1!;O; :YI;CO j, MgCO3, AL20 j.

Cho d6n nay h6 NarO-CaO-.'\lrOr chua dut-'c ngbi€n cuu ti mi \ i hd ndy kho 'ri:ng chdl.' va

)l a:(--r ba1 hcri. Chi co Brommiler ra l3o:uc nghi€rr. ;iiri irt'na;, ddl du hcm ll'' hl' tar' re hai htrp
cd
chit ba ngu-v€n 3CaO.2Na1O.5.\11(lr vi 8Caa-).Na"a).l.r'l.O.. Hirp chir thr nhil k;...,'t,: phan l' r r

l9.i
 kh6ng a"lrg iird; khi rrrrng,lLrii liili)i'(.: irrrl .hitthriiai lting ch:i1 ri pl,an l;, ,. I trlS (- ta , i,r.r il
!oi \a phr ,un!

Qua nghi4n cirli ch'ng ta.; rirrg. irgav i:i l<hi nung tt tt ning nhiet dO len tor i -100' | 450uC t iing
rAt kh6 tao thinh cfc hqpchit ba ngu1.€r, natri aluminat.,eca:i aluminar.\'r ray'co thd cnL, ring
rrong didu lien nurrg cL:r cic lo cons nghicp de thi€Lr ket kirong rhd tau ra cdc hgp chat nar.

Co th6 phdn dorln khd nang phdn ung tuong ddi cria Na2O, CaO r'6i Al2O; theo sd.n phim thi€u
kdt h6n hqp Na2O:CaO:Al2O3 = I : l:1. Sen ph6m thi€u kiit chn .'-.6u gdur natri aluminat vi r or tu do.

Do d6 natri cabonat phan rmg v6i Al2O3 rnanh hon so v6i CaO. n€u lam lai thi nghigrn thi€u kiir h6n

hgp Na2COl:CaO, Alror : l;l- ftidu kdt phim se gdm natri aluminat va vdi tu do. San phim thi€u k6t
.natri cabonat viri 5CaO.3Al2O3 cflng chi y€u gdrn natri aluminat, con canxi aluminat cdn lai du6i i0%
so voi l6c ddu Vi6c rhal th€ roi trong canxi aluminat c6 thd nhu sau.

Na:CO, + CaO.AlrO3: Na2O.Al2O3 + CaCOrl

CaCO;+CaO+CO2.
j
Cdn khi thi6u kiit natri aluminat vdi v6i thi kh6ng siy ra su thay d6i ndo.

Nhu viy, khi trong ph6i li€u c6 nafri cqcbonat vdi t'i s6 mol NazCOr:AI-2O3 = I : l, san phAm

thi6u kit chn yiSu g6m natri aluminat, cdn v6i thuc ti: kh6ng tham gia phdn ung. Khi rratrr cabonar

kh6ng dri thi cing vdi natri aluminat c6 thd tao ra caxi aluminat.

Hien tuong tuong tq c0ng sdy ra khi tric dqrng giua Na2CO3.MgCO3 va Al2O3. Trong d6 vdi

thuong chfa MgCO3, viQc nghi€n cuu h€ ndy cho ph6p ph6n do6n khd ndng dung d6 v6i dolornit h6a

thay cho tl6 vdi sach trong ph6i li€u chira aluminat n6u d5 v6i dolomit hoa rd hon d6 v6i sach.

Theo rii li6u ctd c6ng b6, khi chi thi€u kiit quing aluminat v6i dd v6i (khong co kiinr.). tap char

0.5%MgO so voi trong luong phtii lieu ciing ldm giim r! 16 thu hdi Al:Or ru thi6u kdl phanr. Con ndu
dung roi dd r o.. trong phdi li6u co natri cabonat du d6 tao rhdnh ajuminat ra ferir thr iap (har Mgn

khdng dnh huong xdu d6n $ 16 thu h6i Alror. Khi thi6u kdt boxjt Tichr in, MgO chi co har o ch6 lam
uiam khodng nhier do tao thann iien kel san ph6m.

Theo trij lieu klrric, tap chdt MgO dutii 1 l% khdng anh huong tliin hi€u sudr hoa tan ratri
aluminat r.gal cd klri natri .ahorat k\ong du dd lren k6t r oi toan bn fy.O., ;on CaO du de tao rhinh

CalSiO1. Trong kli d6 hirn lrrolg Crt l trnns phor Iidu nelelin da r,li lcm htm l% sd lam gidln nhi6t do

chiy id hi€u suiit hoa ian aiuminat.

l :ouu h0 \1y.O r\11O1 chi ti.io f,i rrr.,r !irrt slincn (lrlgo .\1,, r,l ci nhi€t dti nonechiir lli5'rC.
Tfc dLrng
-eiDa
\1g() va Alr0r da batdiu tir 600icl, cdn cac iinh thi nhd spinen chi phit hien o 1,1000C.

( ic hin cbit [t:i), ,:i B:(]r th,-rc dl.. ri;ra \lsai vi {1.(1,. Khi nLrns h;,r h,,1 Nl tr \l I r. : Nllrrl

195
tiii l?00k] aiurninat ht an icin biin thir:l r'' i\jL,i. a-l 1200t'(- nrt;, ..,1 .i f,t tltrl' rhe lvlcO tr,.nu
spinen:

MgO.Al:O: +NazCOr = Na2O..,\i2O, I\lgil i (:Oz. (x-r l)

N6u trong h5n hgp nhu viy ho{c tuirng tq Jt ki€rn thi dt ca Ai2O3 biiln thdn}r aluminat co thd

hda tal duo.c, con MgO vri natri caborrai drr nirn o-dang tu do. Kni kh,3ng dt natri oxit ctng viii narri
aluminat AhO: du sd t4o thi'nh spinen. Cii m6t it spinen duoc tqo thdnh khi nung tu h,r ngay ci khi du
NazO trong h6n hqp. Nhung d 12000C spinr:n huan todLn bi kidnr phin hoa.

Tdc dyng gifta Na2COr 6rCO3), CaO vit SiOt

Bdng nghidn cuu dA x6c nhin rdng, k\ri ning phin img cria Na2O rd CaO v6i SiO2 khi thieu ket

hdu nhu gii5ng nhau. Vi viy, trong h5n hqp gdm Na2CO3,CaCO3 vd SiO2. khi nung, dAu ti€n cd hai

nguy€n ddng thqi liCn kiit vdi SiOr, tao thinh hqp pl6t ba nguy€n Na2O.mCaO.pSiOr.

N{orey v2r Bowen cho iing, irong h€ rrd1 c6 n}rfng silicat ba nguy€n sau: Na2O.2CaO.3Si02 c6

nhifl <l$ n6ng chiy 12840C;2Na2O. CaC.3Sioz c6 nhiSt tlO n6ng chdy j l4l0C va NazO.lCaO.6SiOl

n6ng chey khdng todn ding d 10470C, sau nriy nrnti ta cdn tim dugc Na2O.CaO.SiO2

Trong hQ K2O-CaO-SiO: c6 cric hqp chat ba ng y€n sou: K2O.2CaO.9SiOri KrO.3CaO.6Sior;

2KrO.2CaO.6SiOr; 4KrO.CaO. l0Siq;2KzO.CaO.3SiO: vi K:O.CaO.SiOz

K}li tim hi6u kha ndng kic dpng giira Na2O. CaO vdi SiOz di thi€u k6t c6c h6n hq? d t00O0C,

I l00oC. I l50oc theo ry s6 mol s:u:

l) Na2COr+CaCOr+ SiOt
2) Na2COr+CaCO3+2SrO2
1l 0.5Na2CO3 + 2CaCOr+ SiO:

4) NarO.SiO2 + CaCO3
5) CaO.SiOz + NazCO:

6) CaO.SiO: + 0.5NarCO.

'Irong h6n hup L. rr d,iy SiO2 chua d0 tao ra Na2O.SiO2 hoic Cat) SiO2 sau khi thieu [.ct r

10000C thd;, c6 hai pha ding huong (dung j r rjn) r.i,ri,.- nhau o ham luong v6i vi chi sti chiOt sirit:
N=1 .5 -8 1\'-l ;3< 10.0Ci. t'hr .io plrar: ln nalri cahon,,r .,,rr iri t' dang kl,orrg lrin .ir
- 0 001 t
0€n ll00( r6 12'9i . r:nguo narri ,.,h^ ralru 'lu ,rhunsidr .; II,'t.r lir tham chi g.rnJ'rrp li.::
rin co N:l.178 1 0 0t)2.

-Irong i.qi1 ) i--atr.,aukhi

hdn hop 2, SiOz drl d6 lien ,',1 1-.;,,,i.,ii3,{ thi6u kijt o 1000'Cl ih;},

ho! chat: lNarl-).{.r()lSiO:.phadanghy.rg.,.i.,,::S<-0.rJr15,,:]l .' n itr ir hon r| rp kh,,n- ', .r

ddi. Khi nung rDanh hor trong:hi€u kel ,':j,r.,r nnsrL :i'r.rp.i-.,r l' 1,:,1',i1;51,1r,1r,n ia.,i,r ,i .r,li
!l1rj#.{.ai;,A,;'.J" -,-,..

hr.nl chua bidt. f.ira r,.., i rrr. .ir il.a'. u.0lrl, c rl,er phamkii l:unrJLI lrtrrtlT i-<'r 1 t1 1.r

l rtng thieu k€t phA;n nd.r,' i$ing thiy c6c citat oan al6u.

Ti si Cao.Si{ r tr^ns hon hgp J rur'nu rng \oi ph,li lrdu bio hoa. trorc. Jo voi Jr'r de lien ket

voi SiOr.

Khi thi6u kdt queng alurnin, mudn rhu hor rodn bo AJ2o3 nong ph6i li€u, ddi khi phdi cho natri

cabonat vdi s6 luo-ng l6n hmr so vor so luong,:in thret dC ta" natri aluminat vi ferit, nghia ld
.i,/ a: COa
I, khr do orct phan natri cabonat d dang tF do gi6ng luc ban d6u clra hOn h'qp 3. Trong
Al aoa +Fea02

thi6u kiit phim nhin duoc thdy c6 hqp.ch6t NazO.CaO.SiO2 vd hgp chat nal cang nhidu kii nhiet dd

thieu k€t cang cao. Khi tang nhi€t do nung trong thiiu k6t phim cnng con thiil cdc hop chit ra ca,
->
dung dich rin khdc. trong s6 d6 c6 pha ding huong voi N= I .585t0.005.

, . , ,. ,: | .t I -
H6n hqp 4 vd 5 duoc thdnh l6p d€ giriri thich khi ning thay th€ l6n nhau cua Na2O vd CaO tu
silicat tuong img. Thi€u k6t phim nhin duoc tu h6n hop 4 nguy6n, chri y6u li pha ding huong (knrh)
vdi N=1.585t0.005, trong d6 c6 nhidu ch6t ban tliu vi cdc pha ding hu6ng k6t tinn, cdn thi6u krit

. phdm hr h6n hqp 5 gdm khoing % ld 2Na:O.CaO.3SiO2 va % ld ch6t ban ttdu.

Thi6u k6t phdm cria h6n hqp 6 chua NaI).CaO.SiOz pha ding huong c6 N:1.58?t0.003 vd chit
ban ddu.

Nhihg thi nghi€m niy chrmg to ring k}i thi€u kdt voi rj's6 mol bit kv NazO:CaO:SiO. sd tao

thinh cic hqp chit ba nguyen. thdnh phin cua chung phu rhugc vdo nhiet do. nhung chu yeu vac, thinh
ph6n h6n hqp.

Ngay cd silicat dd co trong h6n hgp cung inh huong din vi€c rao thanh hgp chit ba nguven klr i

thi6u k6t. Vidu, h6n hqp 5 gdm natri cabonat vd CaO.SiOr, khi thieu k€t dd dLroc silicat

2Na.O.CaO.3 S iO2. d6ng thoi con rnor it chdt ban ddu. con rhieu kdt phirn cua hdn ht-n gorl Cacr)r !a
NazO.SiO: vdi cing thanh ph6n cia cdu tri va cing nhi€t do nung chLi y6u ld cac ch6t ban ddu. trong

d6 chi c6 m6t it dung dich rin cia v6i trong m6i trudng ki€m silicat. Khi nung manh sE tdng him

lumrg h6a hop 3 nguy6n trong thi6u k6t phdm do giim phdn hdn hgp chua phdn ung

Do 116, n€u khi chudn bi ph6i li€u nahi cabonat i6 v6i d0 thi€u k€t qudng alumin cho du natri
oabonat. thi trong thi€u krlt phim kh6ng c6 c6c silicat gian don; bo'i vi kiirn cung r oi canrr silicat rao

ra hop.hit han ngurer h,-,{c dung cich rirrr.

D0 tin hi€u hdnh i'i cLrzr hcp chit ba nguv€n trong tLi6u kit phdrr. ir[u,,] rr 1r,,.1 rrrr thicr kct

phiin trong niroc vd trong clung di;h 100g I NalO, (trong do ]il Na:O.) tronq I gri) Bang l-l llr k€t

qui thinghi€m ni1.

Prnl . l ker qua hoa t:-r n thiirr Let phlm.

l9r
56 r,oi, r,rp I Nt iet ao il*., itu trii slo, il.on3 tG* l

oc
I t6t
I
o l-"i
-
"" ',,1 - l

I
,__,J-_ - .1.---.
r i 1000 3 3.2
l -
39
I
I

l I
I
1100 t7 ,6 6i 3.6 1.55

r I

I 1250 14.1 5.1 t.65

I

r I rooo 6.6 25 1.60

2 I 100 5.9 1.6 1.40

2 1750 4.8 1.3 L.) t.51

3 1000 23.5 1.9 0,73

3 I 100 10.3 1.4 1.9 0.70

3 lz50 6.4 1.3 2.0 0.90

Tri s6 li€u trong bang 34 ta thdy, kJti hda tan thi€u hong nudc, n6u n-hi0t d0 thi€u

ciurg cao thi kidm hda tan ceng it, c6 lc vi giAm phAn h6n hqp chua phdn thg, do d6 tnng phrin hqp
chdt ba nguy€n. Khi nung trong thdi gian nhu nhau. luong ki6m trong h5n hqp I ve 3 hda tan trong
nu6c nhidu hon trong h6n hgp 2. Didu niy h-rorg rmg v6i nhiQt d0 n6ng ctriy th6p cfra h5n hqp 2,
trong cing tliiu kiQn nhu nhau, h5n hqp 2 c6 khd n6ng tiiin hdnh cric phin ring khi ihi€u k6t t6t hon.

56 luqng SiO2 hda tan trong kiAm do t-i s6 mol cic criu tu cua ph6i liQu xric rlinh. N6u $ s6

( aO:Sioz khong lon hm I thi chi chuy6n vdo dung dich ki6ng quri L't-1.6 g/l SiO2. ndu CaO:SiO:
I thi him lrrcrng SiO2 chuydn vdo dung dbb $am xu6ng toi 0.7-0.q gil.

Nhiing sii li€u niy chrimg t6 ring viQc cho natri cebcnat vdo trong ph6i li€u voi ty sd mol
NazCo:/(Alzor + Fe2O3) > J ld khdng c6loi. Natri cabonat du khi thieu l6t si tao thanh hgp chit ba

ngu)dn rni canxi silicar. hqr clrit niy phin hoa .:r .lran: rlong nu.'c vi trong kiem. Iam ting ton thdt

ki€m. K hi drr natri cabonat can thay d6i cdng nghi'.

Tric Cyng giira CaO, Al2Olvd Fe20;

r98
 .-,*- _G{.6rnrq*.fri#ffinffi

t
8i!h ;! Il. i,n 'tl2O5 - Ft;Ol'

Thi nghiQm chfng td ring, n6u Cao trong h6n hqp ki6ng drl dd lien kct vdi todn ba Alror ve
Fe2O3 thi khi nung d6n i3000C v6i sd tic dqrng ddng thdi vdi Ai:O: vi Fe2O3 voi tdc dO gin gi6ng
nhau, cho ta canxi ferit vd canxi aluminat c6 thdnh pbdn nhu thi€u kdt ri€ng ld.

Cdn n6u thi€u krlt h6n ho. p giim kidm aluminat v6i sit oxit holc canxi octo ferit vni nh6m oxit

c6 thii th6y chirng uc dgng ngay d 10000C, khi d6 ta duqc aluminat it kidm hon vd h6n hop cani ferit:

5CaO,3Alro3 + FerO3 = 3(CaO.Al2O3) + 2CaO.Ferol (x 12)

2CaO.Fe2O3 + Al2O3 - 2CaO.FezO: + CaO.AlzO: (x-13)

Ttic d4ng giiia CaO, MgO vt\ AITOa

Khi nung h5n hqp MgO, CaO vd AlzO: trudc hilt sc xudt hign CaO.AIzO:. Ntiu CaO khdng dir

lien k6t vdi toan bO Al2O3 thi alumin c6 thiS li6n kiit thenh spinen (MgO.Al:Or).

Trcn gian d6 dor gidn h6a cua h0 CaO-AlzOrMgO, ta th6y spinen duoc tao ra ching nhring do
kiit qud t6c dung gifia IvIgO vd Al2Ol mi con do lic dung giiia MgO vd lCaO.5AlzO-. vi cd hai nim

kong tarn gidc pha gi6p m6i. Khi nung ali ldu 3CaO.54t:Or c6 thi! bi MgO phAn h6a tao thinh spinen

vd canxi monoaluminat :

lMgo lca' '.541

Lr rlr'2o.Al2o')' 'rMgo.AIzo r

N0u khi thiOu kdt tao thinh spinen thi khi cho th6m v6i hoic aluminat kr€rn (3CaO.Al2O3 hodc

:CaO.3Al2O3) co thd phdn hoa hoin toirn thdnh spinen thdnh MgO vi canxi alurrinat.

Vie( rao lhanh rprn.n \r'i rhieu kdt sd g.a1 ra hti'r 1r.A ron thjr alutnin b'lt , r pitr<n ben r ints

trcng krinr r a trong dung drclr

'lrrrninat.

Tdc dqtng giira CaO,Al:0: vi SiO:,

Khi ru 11- boxir ri alumr,sil:ri bing phuong phap rhiiu t6t dd thr h tr .'lurrrrrr rr H,rac khi r.iu
ijr,r., vL'i voi trong san rriit iliLirrLrL i,r rimang thine thrLrrlu,
"l:lt chiu lllr -lrr, t irt aiLunirt cao. sanlr
19 .a
st vi vdt li€u rndi- khi ndu luyOn lo cac va l,'iir niu cic dit di voi nhfirg nhu cilt kh6c rrhau, va cr.lot

cirng trong tfo than d6 chfng ia thuong g+p su o]rAi hg1, khdc nhau cia i oxit ndy. Gi6 tri to l6n cua h€

ndy Irong $ rhudr Cd thrlc tliy viqc rrghidn .uu hd ndy rdtcdn thin.

;:a ' \ lt! ,,:-i1.

tr,r.
\
/ {.tt!i

!a4
,5S t(rt 11,0" Ji.it ir,.t.iritl,i.
Hi{h 8l

Trong hQ niy c6 har hgp chdt ba nguy6n: CaO.AlzO:.2SiO2 (anoctit) c6 nhiet d6 n6ng chdy

15500C vd 2CaO.AlzO:.SiOr (gelenic) c6 nhiQt dQ n6ng chey 15900C. C6 tii liQu cho rdng cdn c6 hgp

chAt ba nguy€n khdc - 3CaO.Al2O3.SiO?

D6 tim hi6u hdnh vi cria gelenic vd anoctic trong c5c dung dich kidm va axit phai chuin bi cac

hqp chSt ndy bing crich n6u chiy cic oxit. H6n hqp tuong ung v6i thAnh phAn cria gelenic. nAu chay
trong ndi grefit trii 16000C gin trong % gid sau d6 git 1500- 15500C trong I 5 phu{: khi d6 gelecnic ket
tinh ri t5t trong xi tlac s€t. Khi mu6n thdnh anoctic pbdi n6u h6n hqp cdc oxit d 15500C, giii trong %

gio, sau d6 ldm ngu6t tir tir; anoctit ket dnh xeu hon gelenit.

Cd 2 silicat diu xir lf bang dung rJich HCI l9'i, vd20% vcri rys6 L:n= 500:l r a drrng dich natri

cabonat vol cuns tv so L:K.

Thi nghi€m chimg t6 ring, :au Lhi ru Iv qelerrir bing dung dich HCI- 3% ct)n lai 0.269lo trong

luong gelenit chua hoa tan, con khi gi.r .. ng siro\.tif tri)ng cung diiu ki6n thi luqrng cdn lai tdng l€n
i.4o:i,. Nhu vd;- irong dung dich a.t:it binc.:A 2 silicat thuc t6 ttdu hoa tan hoan toan tle chuldn SiOl

vdo dung dich keo. Khi ting nong do Hrl-l len rien l0o o can khong hoa tan tuong img la 12.j vi 26.80;i,.

chung o trong tinh trang hiu nhu hodn toin kco tti Sior. I.uc-mg cin l6n clia anotit lorr hcm so vci

se lenlt.

t00
 Tir tl6 co thi k6t lu4n ring- c6 thd dnng phuong phrip axit d€ ch6 bi€n anoctit hoic gelenit tharrir

athan2n. N6u thay HCI bang HNO., se drro'c sen ph6m phU co gi6 tri-canrr nitrat-m6t loai
phin Lron I'rr.

qeleDit
K6t qud gia c6ng gelenit vd anotit bing dung dich du nhiCu natfl cabonat chLhg to rerrg.

hda tan duoc t6i l0% con anotit chi c6 Ll?'". Khi hda tan bing dung rtich NaOH cfing thu duoc ket
qud nhu vdy. Vi rhii khi diurg phuong ph6p ki€m d6 hda tan c6c thi€Lr k6t phdm vi xi alurnin. A l1O.
trong chirng nim d dang gelenit vd anotir sC bi t6n that. DA ngin ch4n nhtng t6n th6t niry cin phdi girr

diAu kien thi6u ktit vi niu luyQn nhu thii ndo d6 khi d6 kh6ng tao ra anotit va gelenit hoac ndtr l[c diu

tao ra thi s€ bi phdn hiy.

Mu6n rim didu kiQn phAn hriy anotit vd gelenit chLlng ti hay quan srlt gidn tl6 6ang th6i h0 CaO

(c)-Ahor(A)-sio,(s).

viQc nghi€n cfiu hQ ba nguyan ney se dac biet d6 ding khi chia gian dd thanh nhDng, tarn grdc

pha, tong trudng hqp niy chia thdnh l4 tam giric nhu viy.

' Ddu ti€n chfng ta kheo sit t6c dqng cta anoctit voi v6i, coi nhu cac phin t6 tharnh cua h€ ba

nguy€n gie Cag v6i CaO:AlrO::2SiOz, sU phiii hqp bAt ki cira chirng sC tuong ung voi cac drim nim

rr6n cludng thing gita chung.

Gie thi6t ring thanh phin cria hdn hqp ban diu gita CaO vd CaO:Al2O3:2SiO: x6c dinh bdi
,
di6m m (hinh 82). DiAu tl6 nghia li s6 lugng v6i tuong fmg vdi dogn Om, cdn ocnotit -doan mn.

Trong truong hoo niy di6m m nim trong khu vuc tam gi6c pha thri nh6t, do t16 san ph6m t6c dung ld

cdc hgp chdt sau:

CaO.SiOz; CaO.AlzO:.2SiOz vd 2CaO AlzO: SiOr

2.01
 i .!,/ nr.5
Hinh 82

d ry sii de cho clla vdi va anoctit, anoclit sC pheo hrly mQt phin t4o ra gelenit vd canxi

monosilicat. N6u ph6n CaO tnng len tuong irng v6i doan Oa thi anotit se bi phin hiy hoan toan, phin

anoinit s€ giAm cdn hrdng rinng vfi doan na. jdng thoi Oa + na = 100%. Khi tt6 c6c pha cdn b6ng chi c6

CaO.SiOz vd 2CaO.AlrO3.SiO2.

CaO:AhOr:2SiOz + 2CaO = CaO.SiO', 2CaO.AlrOr.SiOz (x- 14)

"
Khi tii5p tuc teng phdn v6i cl6n 05 tiri CaO.SiOz s€ bitin thanh 3CaO'2SiOu, con gelenit duqc tao

ra tru6c tliy khdng c6 bi6nd6i gi. Tat ce canxi oxit nrong ring vdi doan ab s€ t6c dung.v6i CaO.SiOz.

CaO.SiOz + 0.5CaO = 0.5(3CaO.2SiOr) (x-ij)

Khi phin vOi t6ng l€n diin O". s6 lui:ng gelenit kh6ng d6i, con lCaO.2SiO: t6c dqng v6-i r'6i
thdnh octosilicat.

0.5(3Cao.2sior) + 0.5cao = 2Cao.Sio: (x- 1 6)

Bdi vi gelenit cfing tro so v6i dung dich natri cabonat nhu anotit, cho ndn ndu d€ lai no Lrt'rtg

ihi6u k6t phim thi kh6ng co -,r

nghia. Muon plrdn hL,r, gelenit. can ting phdn v6i cho th€m tuorg trng

r,<ri doan cd. Trong trucmg hgp ndy- cattxi o.tosjlicat se kh0ng ddi. cdn tdl ce \oi tien hJnh phan hur
geienit thinh 2CaO.SiO: vir CaO.Al:Or'

2CaO.A12O1.SiO: + CaO:2CaO.SiO: ; CaO.-\1:O. (\, r r)

Khi do co th6 kir thuc chul €n bi€n. io i r i can: i trc,noaltrttrinat phan img tllen h '" qi duns (lruh

natri cab.rnat ta,' tlranlt ttatri alttninat.

i0:
 Niu phin r,ii taug lcn tuonc .r'ng v6i do4n tiq thl irirnh r i cua cAc riin phil', phan ime sG t6t horr

'Ihi nghigrr chLnrg td ring, khi tiri€u k€t ph6i li€u thco tinli r'r6n d6 nh6n duoc i[a'J iAl;03 s€ dinl
ie thu h6i alumin cao hor kli hda tan bing natri cabonat. Trong d ii u kren na1 . rLotri octosilieaL
bio d
ninl lai d trang thdi khdng d6i, cdn ii1 cd v6i t6c Cr;ng vcri tnonoaluminat:

CaO.Al2Or + 2i 3 CaO - iii (5CaO.3Aiu O:) i\ l8r

Mi 5CaO.3Al2O3 cing phdn ung t5t v6i dung dich natri cabonat nhu CaO Al20;'

Khi tii5p tqc tdng v6i thi h6n hqp nAm tong pham vi tam gi6c tbu siu, o ddy cung roi cdc pha

cAn bing 2CaO.SiOz vd 5CaO.3AlzO; cdn chria 3CaO.Al:Oi hoa tan kdm trong dung dlch natn
cabo[at. Do il6 v6i du trong ph6i li€u sE ldm gidnr hi(u su6t thu hoi AluO: khi hoa tan'

TL nhtrng phuong trinh tr€n dua d6n kiit q ud td nrtron cho I mol anoctit phAn huy hodn todn
tharrh rnono aluminat vir octosilicai cin 4 mol voi

CaO.AlzOr.2SiOz + 4CaO - CaO.AlzO3 + 2(2CaO.SiO2) (x- 1e)

N6u lugng v6i cho vdo nhd hon thi viqc phin hiry s€ kh6ng hoan todn vd tao ra sAn phdm tntng

gian gelenit. ViQc phAn hriy hoin toin anoctit dii duoc aluminat, tir tl6 thu h6i Alroi bing dung dich

natri cabonat, c6 th6 du v6i, nhung kh6ng qud l4 mol CaO cho 3 mol anotit' so voi phin Lrng trutic

diy cin l2 mol CaO. Trong gidi h4a ndy vifc pht5i li€u v6i cia thi€u k6t phdm theo rhinh phin sd ndrn

trong tam gi6c ihf 5 gach chdo Yd trang thii cAn bing se g6m CaO.AlrOr, 5CaO 3Al:Or vriL

2CaO.SiOz.

Tarn gi6c gpch chdo ung v6i rit ci thanh phdn t6i uu cta ph6i lieu, khi d6 trong thi€u k€t phdm

chira ciic aluminat c6 loi nhdt.

Vi du vi€c chtng ta phAn hriy anotit bing vdi trong tliiu kign n6ng chiy tiuo-c ldm nguQi chAm.
khr d6 dA dang dat tditrqng th6i cdn bing; khi thieu kijt mu6n cho h0 cin bi*g vd thdnh phin
pha phdi

Idm ngu6i cirng chim khi nhi€t dO cdng th6p. Vi viy c6c v6n dd sau rAt l! thri: I ) trong tli6u kien
thietl

t6t pn6i liQu n6u thinh phin tinh toin t4o ra canxi alurriinat vd canxi silicat. thi co tao the'nh anotit vi'r

gelenit kh6ng; 2) khi thiCu kiit n6u uo thdnh gelenit vd anotit thi c6 thd phen htjy chlng hoin toan

bing vOi khdng?

Cric tdi li6u tharn k-hio thir nhit chrmg tir ring, khi thi€u ktit trong giri doan .in bdng chua riuoe

rrir lnp thi c6 thd hy vgng kh6ng nhlrng tao ra c;c lrop chat r.dc dinh d gidn dfi traug thdi CaO-Ai:Or-

sior, rnd con t?o ra cdc hqp chit khdc. C6c pha gia b€n nhu vil chi tao ra o nhtt't,lo cach ra diirn

.:lrar cuah6nhqp.Khi thi€u kilt rl nhiCt d6 gdn v.i ,liiirr clrtlycuah6n h.t. a I.1,. lh.rrlh r;c Pha gar
gr0lr nhu cdc pha giin gi6ng nhu cdc phati6t ra tri chit nong chiy. do dt,. lhi tnns nfriet dd :hi€u Lir

cAc pha gia b€n sC kCt rinh rr ir la i pha cdn bing. (it-l thc qrran s6t <luoc su chuven bi6n ni} . Tuy nhi€n

:a liLOn..E pt:i long khong lcn, tIi,ng lru,ing hc.'p nir plrLri iiiir :€ e,r tlhit''r r i,Iu '. thtr: r L€t phinl d.'' -l

21).i
 .- .,,."-. ^4..iFr|r.ra{Fff:f

hinh ;iu b€n clic. l heo ri6 co cd thd pirarr d.,iin ;i0c bien doi co hoan tcan khOnq'l Klri ci6 co cria phoi
Ii€u l6n. thi€u kilt phdm c6 thdlh phdr pha gin v6i c.iu bing; khi ciO co nhd trong thiiu kdr phdm c6

nhun g pha gii bdn.

Strocov, Muxiacov, Voncov dua \a( s{ quan .t; hang trim miu thi€u t6t ptr5i tieu ki6c nhar:

cia hd hai nguy€n, ba ngul€n vd b6n nguy6n.dd n0u l€n d6c tinh chuy6n bi6n khi nung pl5i tieu diln
khi nong chriy hoin todn (bing 35)

Bing35. Efc tinh chuy6n bi6n theo mri'c dQ nung pn6i n6u.

Giai tlo4n chuy6n Xudt hi€n pha Dang thi6u k€t Chuy€n bi€n Co
Dlen Idng (PL) .h;-

I Thuc t€ kh6ng B0r Pham vi pha gid Khdng

,!
Den

II Mhm PL Hoi bi thi€u k€t. BIt tllu

vat lreu oe Dr Yo

vun

III Dinh c6c hgt cria Thi€u kdt phnm Giai (ban k€t tinh R6 rft
pha l6ng thinh chic, xi5p, ddi khi I4i uong sin phim

hinh ciu xi5p thanh l6p cdn bdng

IV Ldm chic cac Dgng vi6n, co Hiu nhu k€t tinh Manh
hinh cdu tri PL tao ti6ng k€u lai hodn toin
thdnh (colanhke)

PL nhi6u hor, N6ng chiy C6n bing Hodn toan

s6ng s6nh

Thi6u k6t phAm nhdn duoc trong sin xuAt alumin thLrdng nim d gita dang th Leu oac

chic vri dang vi0n. Di€u d6 c6 nghia td ciang k6t tinh lai cta pha gii bdn rhdnh pha c6n bing chua hodn
thdnh. Do tl6 kh6ng lo4i tru khA ndng tao thinh hqp ch6t ba nguy€n ki6u anorit, cdn luong gelenit thi

nhi6u hon. cie thi6t ndy duOc chimg minh khhi rhi€ri k€t h5n trgp g6m CaCO3.Al2O. vd SiO2 trong

pham vi 12 50 l300oC.

Dd tim hidu dnh hrong cLla.{l;O. khi tdi dLrng giiia (aO va SiOl. lgtrrri ra da rhiiu ker hdn h,,p
CaO:SiO, viAl:Or theo tr I€mol .1:l:l.Khdngc,i.1.i.OrkhicingrlsdCaO:SiOls€laothdnh
actosilicat: nOu nhu co Alrol rnl tdt.d SiOl bLdn thanh ,rrrosilicat. thi dii:u cl6 chrinu ro ring 6i luc
..rrr', ..r C.rO 1,.r. h.,r-, ,\.i ,' \luon.lr.:e .1.r ptr ::.r,r, rr h.rrihin l.,. 1, l^,, ri rhrc !:.
no trong -1 gio o nhiet d0 dd dirih.

lr.r.+
 Nghidl cirii quang hoc tinh ilri '.:fra
thi€u k€l phdm nlrdn rJuLrc o lli0-i;00lrt clri:rtqtr rinq.
tfong lhieu kat phirn chira CaO.Al2O,, lCat.r. S jO- r i hcn c har ha nguye n cua CaO, A i;O,
"a
Si0',
khong col cdc oxitban diutrongth.eu Lerphdm Nhir vri-r lli0-ll00iC cd i loai oxitd€rrrAcdung
hoan toan v6i nhau.

Dd ijrn hiiu sy phdn b6 nlrO, gita carrri aluminat vs finp chdt ta nguyen. dem rhieu ker phdnr.

chuan Ui tu ptrtii liQu c6$ s6 CaO:SiOz:AlrOr - 4:2:1, hda tan o 700C trong 3Oph bang cdc dung dich
Na2COl vA NaOH voi tinh torin 1.5 mol Na2O cho I mol Al2O3 trong thi€u k6t phdm.

Thi nghi€m chfng td ring. khi thi6u k6t ban loai oxit d 1200-i300'C sc tao thanh cacxi aluminat
hoa lan trong dung dich natri cacbonat chi€m 44q" tdng so alurnin. alumin con lai Iidn ldt o dang
gelenit rd ano.trt cung voi rdi.

Khi thieu ket quang alumin voi i6i theocdchph6i lietl thonB thrr'mg c5n tinh theo rj 'o mol
sau:

CaO/Sior=2.0; CaO/AlrO, = 1 1.66

Tintr dii nhAn dugc canxi octosilicat vd aluminat CaO.Al2Or vd 5CaO.3Al:Ot; khi d6, theo thinh
phAn thi6u ki5t phdm phii nim trong tam gi6c th6 5 cria gian dd (hinh 82).

T6t cA cdc tam giric c6 chung tlinh 0, ffong ring v6i anoctit, ddu nim c6ch xa tam gi6c 5, cdn d

set tam giac 5 c6 tam gi6c c6 dinh tuong fng vdi gelenit, tri tl6 suy ra ring, chi d giai tlo4n diu thi€u
k6r co rhd tao ra anotit, cdn khi nung manh vi giri rin dinh co thd hi vgng tro:rg thidu ket phdm chi co
gelenit coi nhu pha kh6ng c6n bing.

Muiln thi nghiQm xem c6c loAi canxi alumosilicat duoi t6c dung cua v6i phrin hoa nhu thd nio.
dAu ti0n dem n6u chdy c6c-h6n hqp tuong ung dd duo. c cdc carrxi alumosilicat, sau d6 lai dem thi€u kiit
b6t crla h6n ho-p v6i vdi d 1250-13000C trong 2 gid. Ti6p theo dem thidu k6t phdm hoa tan trong di6u

ki€n dung dich nhu nhau, chfa i mol Na2CO] vd 0.5 mol Na20" cho I nrol Al2O3 trong thieu ket phem.

I-hr nghiim . hung ro ring. ru thieu kel phim anolil hoa tan 9J.l0o Al o, .on tu rhicrr kdr phim gelcnit
hoa tan 8qo o \ l.O'..

Tu do thd-v rdng khi thi€u k6t anoctit va gelcnit vdi vdi trong nhilng di6u ki6n niy thl anotit va
gelenit s€ bi phdn huy tao thdnh aluminat d6 hoa tar alumin trong dung dich natri cabonat.

\1 ,t drctr i. rhu la khi .o du rnt.ot fl, hoiic I r O thr tr.rn1 ph,-,i iierr chr .an ( in :i' ' L NI'u
khi thi€u k€t phri li€u boxit. cr)ng nhir khr phlin hrly spodurncn bring caeh thieu ket n r \ t,r r 'r, ( ,

Con ndLr kl.ri thieu k6t phdi ii€u de rao ra CaO.SiOl ra C.ru .\i.()1. trong do lrrcrrs ( aF: hoic

lr_OL\, r,',ju.'lrr kh.ngrrdrrh khoi\ c, rt,' rhrnh gelcntr rrr.'n ltar rlumrn rhc.-r sel<n. .rriu tr,rng
phii licLr ban,1iu rj:6 mol Al,O,,5 rI l,rr.:,irn, lr,rr I 1\l ,, .Si{,):)=i.l.lthi t,'in f,r.,,111,nr1rt

r05
 chul,dn vd,c gelenrt. Ktrr $ so mol Al2O1.l,ic' '' I titi ai'.rmin nanr cii irong gelenit'ii CaO Ailli dcing

thi,i lrrgng geleiri,. rrong thi€u k6t phAm s€ :ir;g rit,r reu r"i s6 AI2O3:SiL): cang lo1r. tr€n hrnh 8- thal

rd ge lenit cdn bing "oi CeO.Al20,.

Tri d6 dur ra k6t luin, khi sAn xuAl rli:,rir bing cdch thi6u k6t quing voi v6i holc qudng viii d6

v6i trong ph6i li€u phdi dnng $ si5 nhu dd neu

Khi trong quing chria [e2O3 vd TiO2 thi ngodi v6i li€n k6t vdi AhO. vA SiOz, cdn phr{i cho th€m

vdi dd tao ra canxi ferit vi canxiritanat. Theo lung, iinh liCn tuc cia phdn ting khi thi€u kdt ph6i li€u

nav la so Go Dang Jo.

Trong truong hgp quing n6u chdy vor voi. rj' lQ thu h6i t6t nhat khi tj' sl5 trgng luong trong x;f

CaO:AlzO: =.0.65+0.70 hofc g s6 mol bing | .18-l.Z'7 . Hdm lugng phin trim cria 3 oxit chi v6u trong
xi c6 thrinh phdn t6i uu c6 th6 tinh theo c6ng thtic sau:

(CaO - l.866SiOzVAlrO3 =0.666 (X-20)

Tdc dltng gita Na2COs Ald)s, Fezot vd SiOt

Hf ndy phAn anh nhtng biiin d6i co brin xiry ra khi thiOu kiit boxit v6i natri cabonat Chi co

. nhiing oxit chua it SiO: m6i c.6 thd nhfu 4uqc thieu k6t phAm c6 ti l0 thu hdi AhOr vi Naro cao-

nhfng boxit d6 ding phuamg phtp Baye lai thuin lqi hon. Nhung d6i khi mang mflt phAn nhd boxit
nhu viy xri lj bing phucmg phlp thi€u ket lai c6 lgi (luu trinh song song trong phuong phriLp li€n hoo)

ViQc khno s6t hg NarCO:-AbO:-FejOr-S iOz s€ c6 ich khi chuydn sang nghi€n cLru didu krEn

thieu kdt boxit vdi natri cabonat vi d6 v6i.

Khi khio srit didu kign thi6u kiit tr6n irqp Na2CO;, Al2O3 vA SiO, thdy ring, thi€u k6t phim'chn
y6u gdm natri aluminat vi natri alumosilicat. Khi cho th€m Fe2O3 trong thieu k6t phim co natri ferit

v6i s6 lugng do tj s6 mol Na2CO3 so vdi AlrO: + Fe:O,. x6c dinh

Ndu natri cabonat cli de lien k6t t6i tohn b6 Al:O: vi FezO3 thi tat cd s6t bi6n thanh natri ferit,

cirn khi kh6ng dti natri cabonat thi luong natri ferit trong thi6u kiit phirn chi b6ng iugng natri cabonat

cdn lai sau khi thi6u kiit voi SiO, vd Alloj. Khi hda tan. nahi ferit se phan hiry. giai ph6ng ra NaOH.

ning cao tinh bin viing cua dung dich alum inat V i r 6v thuims cho natl ,rabonat vdo d€ liel kerr,'i
todn bo AllO' vi Fe1O3.

Nhrr vA-'-. rhi€Lr kit h6n hlrp NazCO,. Al:r..r,. I'e:O-. r'i SiOz s€ dLr,-e thi.;u kdt pham .hu re u t'n,
natri aluminal natri ajumosilicat v,r natri tr.it. lrong Ciiu ki€n nay sLr phLr thuoc gria hieu .u rt thu lL,'i
Al;O; vd hdm luong phin trem SiOl 1st,.i ql'i I laltr'lngb,r\it,tienlabingphucmgtrinhsaLrl

11.1,1r - l:t'i) Ej:ltia +r(X) r 1.,-l I r

til6
 N0u th)nh phln phoi li€u iinh therr rnoi rhi luo.rrg thu cuc dai A12Oi tinh theo phuolg trinh:

lar:o: = (I-0.5s).i00 (x.21i

Con ry ld rhu hor ;uc dai .ur N.:2O:

qx"2s: I -0.5sN*100 (x 2l)

Trong t16 s vd N - s6 luo-ng SiO2 vd Na2O tinh theo mol cho I mol Al2O3 tlong boxit

Dii kiiim tra tinh ch6t chinh x:ic nhirng c6ng thric nay ngudi ta thi6u kiit Ydi soda 2 lo4i boxit co
thdnh phin sau:50.8o/oAl2o3,l3.7% SiOr. l8.6ToF ezOt vit 54To Al2Or, 29%SiOr,
'7
.2Yo FezOt

Ddi voi AlzO, ta tluqc k6t que khd trung hgp. corr rj li thu hoi NaTO thrc le thdp hon so vot tinh

todn do tao ra cdc dung dich rin cua ferit voi alumosilicar ma ki€m trong dung dich rdn ndy lai kho
hda tan.

Tric t\tng gita Na:O.AIzOt2SiOz vd NatO.SiOl; Na2O.AI203,25io2 vd Na2o.Fe2O j.

Khi nghi€n cuu tac dqng Srta Al2Or, Fe2O3, SiO2 va Na.2CO3 d nhi€t do cao ctd the) tao tnani

dung dich iin giOa mQt bdn ld natri aluminat vi natri ferit, mQt b6n ld natri alumosilical. Dri nghi€n

criu viQc tao thinh nAy trudc h6t phei tao ra alumosilicat, natri aluminat. va natri ferit, sau tl6 tir ching

chudn bi hai h6n hqp c6 thinh phdn nhu sau:

Nor -NazO.Alzor.2sio, + 3(Naro.Alro),

Nor- Naro.A1203.2SiO2 + Na2O.Fe203

Sau khi nung d 12000C trong l5 phrit, dem rhi€u kiit phim hda tan vdo nuoc song song voi h6n
hop ban diu (bing l7 r

Bing 37: tdc dgng gifra natri alumosilicat, aluminat v) ferit.

T! l€ thu h6i % no.p Ti Ie thu

'fluoc khi nung tl l Tru,:c khi nung

Sau khu nung: Sau khu nLrng

thr nghi0m 1 :16.1 22.9 thi nghi€m 1

2o-
thr nghidnr 2 t rz <-_-- rhi nghi€rn 2 ).1 1 .+.:,

rhi nghi6m chung td sau kii nung h5n hgo ahimosilicat vd aluminat, hi€u suit thu hdi

Al2O3 va Na2O c[ng gi6ng nhu h6n hgp chua nung. Tinh iheo aluminat b'ong h6n hop. hieu su6t thu

hdi kidm phei ln 24%. Di€u niy kid tring hgp v6i thuc nghiem, cdn diii vdi algmin hi€u suit tinh torin
ld 19.50," nhung tigc thu nho hon. rd ring ld kIi hoa 'an bing nudc sC bi thni ph6n. Irr do co rhd ker
Iuin ring khi thi€u kiit alumosilicat vd aluminat kh6ng tao thdnh pha moi.

kiit qui nhin tlugc khi thieu kCt h6n hgp alumosilicat voi ferit lai khAc. Hdm lutmg kiim trong
h5n hqp ferit ban diu ld 12.2% trgng luqng phi5i liQu vd khi hoa tan cflng thu hdi duoc nhu v{y. Cdn

s6 luqng aluoT5nn trong aluminsilibat h 23% ma thu hdi ld 2.3%. Khi hda tan thicu k6t phAm fi l€ thu

hdi AhOr tnng len chtit it, cdn rhu hdi Na2O giim rli nhidu. d 1000-12000C, nhu ila th6y, crtc thdnh
phtu tic dung vdi nhau & no ra mot it aluminat t.u do va dung dich iin, tu d6 ri 19 thu qdi kiem giem
di.

Thi nghi€m nung h5n hqp alumosilicat vi ferit c6 t! lp mol bing I o cric nhier dO 800, 1000, vd

12000C trong 2th tlugc k6t qud nhu sau @nng 38):

Bing 3E. inh hu0ng cia nhiet dO vl thli gian nung Na2O.Al2O3.2SiO2 vir Na2O.Fe2O3 khi
ti s6 mol I : I d6n biQu sult hda ta n kli hda tsn .trong nut6,c sau 24h.

S6 TN Nhict d0 Thdi T! lQ thu h6i, % Thanh phAn dung dich tinh

Sran cno I mol re2ul $ong non

hqp mol.

AlrOr Na2O si02 Al:or Na'O sio?

I Hdn hqp kh6ng ')? 4,0 0,02 1,ll 0,08

nung

800
2 4 ?R 3 4.0 2t,6 0,03 0,62 0,43

800
J 6 1.3 1)) 18,9 0,03 0,64 0.i 8

1000
4 l ,5 1 1,1
,2 8,0 0 ?5 0.14 0- 16

1000
5 22.1 16.0 6.1 0,2?. 0.tl 0,13

1000
6 22,1 16.5 6i 0.23 0. r-l 0,r2
t200
1 : 18.1 16,5 6,5 0,18 0.1.1 fi i1
lt00
8 4) rl I i.8 6.1 1r.ll 0. t8 (.)-
i -1

t08
 --_-
0.i2 I

Thi nghi€m chrmg t6 ring, sau kIi nung 3-4h. thuc t6 thiiit Iap duqc c6n bing o mor nhicr do tlri

nghi€m. Ti6p tuc k6o dai thoi gian nung ktrdng rinh hudng diin hi€u sudt thu h6i Alror hoac NazO khi

hda tan. Nhung thanh phdn pha cria rhi€u kiit phAm nhin duo, c d nhiing nhiet do k}6c nhau thi rat khac

nhau (phin doin theo hi€u su6t thu ldi Al2O3 trong dung dich): hiQu sudt thu hoi sau khi thieu kdt o
8000C se kh6ng tang l€n m6y so v6i h5n hqp ban dAu, nhung sau khi nung d 10000C s€ tdng l€n m4nh,

cdn khi ti6p tuc ning thi iai ha thlp xu6ng ro r€t. Ngugc l4i, hi€u su6t thu hdi Sior tang ldn manh sau

khi nung o 8000C, sau d6 n6u ting nhiqt do hieu suit thu hoi se gidm mqnh.

Do d6 du do6n ring, oxit hda tan d d4ng aluminat, cdn SiO2 d dang silicat. Xuit phdt tu do tinh dLrr:c

thinh phin trung binh cia dung d!ch, tinh bing mol cria aluminat, silicat, Na2O1 vdrNa2Olu 6o cho mQt

mol FeuOr trong h5n hgp ban tliu.

NazO.AhOr . Na2O.Si02 NazOr Na20,,, an

H6n hqp ban ddu 0,020 .

0,080 1.1t0 1,010

Thi6u k6t phrim

nhan duoc

d 8000c
0,030 0,105 0,635 0,200

o l000oc
0,225 0,125 0,325 I(hOng co

d 12000c
0,t2s 0,125 0,270 0,200

Nhu vdy rd ring Ia khi thi€u kiit 8000C cfing da da t6i giam hdm ltro-ng kidm tg do (ti ferit) con khi
"-
ting nhiet dO tht€u ktit ten diin i0000C hodn todn kh6ng hoa tar duoc kidm trorrg tlrieu kdt phim.

Nhnng tdi li€u ndy chung td ring klr, nung hon ho.p gom alumosrlLcrt rd terit u'800('C se lao thdnh

dung dich rin vd natri silicat bj diy tir alumosilicat. C6 l€, do l) nguy€n nhdn lam.ho ham lucrng kiirn
trr do trong dung rjich gram manh. hng rhdi ham lronp 5iO. Irong dunp drrlr idnq ten nhriu.

O nhi€t d6 cao hon cing qLran sit thiy trong thi6u kilt phAm tao thdnh ,lung ,1r,-h ran nhung rnr r iec

tao gidi ph(rng alurninat va alumr,silrcat. O 12000C s6 Iuons aluminat giii ph,lng nho hon ir I 000'ru

Dung c:ic sd li€u quang hoc tinh thd de ch{rng m inh su co mit cua hai pir.L nr, '
i tronv rh ieu kct pham

nung d6n 12000C gii tri cic chi s6 chr€l quang cua thi€u k6t phdnr nim :.iua tri -ro chi6t quang cLra

alr.rrr,,.ilical '.,1 '1111fgl it \grr.rr I'r r ,, . a t h.- t r j '. p,,.1u.',i'r Jui .: lr h .-,r' ,lilrrrl
r .- '

209
 tY"

ho.'p,:h6t trong thdnh phAn cua n6 c6 aluminat giii ph6ng tir alumosihcat. NCu vitlc giai phong nirLr

vly thgc sg xdy ra thi ptrdi tao thanh hqp chit;n6i ba nguy€n, trong do nhom oxjt bi sdt oxit thay the.

N6i chung, ngvdi ta de bi6t mQt s6 h -p ch6t kh,ing ng6m nu6c chfa FezOr, Na:O vd SiO2' nhirng hqp

ch6t ndy ft gap trong thi€n nhi€n vd ile ch6 t4o theo phuong phip t6ng h!tp. Trong s6 do cd

5Na2O.Fe2O3.8SiOz c6 nhi€t tl6 n6ng chay 8380C vA Na2O.Fe2Or.4SiOz, n6ng chdy kdm theo phan h6a

o 9900C ve ruong tmg vdi rhanh phin khoang vat aeg;rin

vicc rao thdnh natri aluminat o 10000c c6 rlri giai thich bdng tric dung giiia natri felit vi nattri

alumosilicar theo so dd sau:

/Y_l/\
2(NazO.AlzOr.2Sioz) + NazO.FeuO: = Na2O.Fe2O3.4SiO2 + 2(NazO AlrOr)

, C6c cdng thirc n€u l€n trudc tl6y vd t! lC thu h6iAlr63 vaNa:O kbi thi€u k6t qu?ng alumin v6i

nahi cabonat chfng td ring, khi 16ng him luqrg SiO2 thi ri lC thu h6i Alror th6p vi t6n th6t NarO lai
cao. vi v6y nhtng qu6ng nh6m chira nhi6u SiO, phAi thieu k6t vdi v6i vd natri cabonat. N€u chrnh
6ong batr than quang chria chua ttrl ki6m dd tao thdnh aluminat, nhu nefelin, thi chi cin cho da voi vao

qu6ng. c6 thd thi6u k6t qu4ng ri€ng vdi t1{ v6i ngay cd khi trong quing kh6ng c6 kidm. nhung khr tto

phii hda tan thi0u k6t ph6m bing dung dich natri cabonat-

viQc nghi€n crlu t6c dung hong hs Nazo-Alzor-Sio:-cao khi thicu ker gep kh6 kh6n lir than h

phin pha phuc tap, d[c biet khi trong thi€u k6t phAm cdn c6 cric pha kh6ng c6n bing vd thuy tinh.
c0ng nhu cdc dung dlch rin khiic.

Vi€c xic dinh thdnh ph6a pha cna thi6u kiit phArn sau khi nung d nhiet dO cao sC dA ddng khi ph6i

hqp c6c phucng ph6p nghi€n cfnr th6ng thuong vdi phuorg ph{p hda tan chQn lqc thdnh phdn ndo d6

cna thi6u k6t phdm bing dung m6i thich hgp, vi x6y dung tluong phu thuoc giga ti le thu h6r vao

nhi€t do nung.

D4ng cria tluong cong nhin tluo, c s€ phu thuQc vao nhiQt tlQ nung, khoring thcn gian ph6n ring

cdng d6i khi nhi€t d6 nung cirng gAn tdi diiim b6t dAu n6ng chdy hodc gin t6i diiim nong chiy hodn
rodn cua ph6i lieu.

Strocor. Muxjac.'v, ra ltkina chia thdrrh l.t.l,'.ri bi€n doi co h:r' rr.rng nhiing ilidu kien phin 'nr3
r oi ba dang duong . ong t hinh 8i ).

l0
 Hlrh 83. a) chiy long toan ding: b) chdy ldng
khons toin dins: cl rhriv tinh h6a

Khi ph6i liiu kidng phrin hoa o nhi6t d0 nong chdy. cing grin ror didm thal so luong plra udn

bing tdng l€n lien tUc, thUc tii dat t6i c6n bing hoirn todn khi n6ng chiy hodn todn. D6 Id trudng 1op
rhay ddi lien tuc trang thei cia he thdng.

Khi chay l6ng cuc bQ ho4c phAn h6a o nhi€t d0 chAy l6ng, do hgp chit co bAn bi phan hoa hoac o
nhi€td0 h5n hqp biiin mdm ttii tAo thdnh pha ldng clQt nhi6n liLm girin doan qud trinh ket tinh cac pha

c6n bing hdm luqng cria chfng hic diu gidm ch6-m sau il6 gidm m4nh Do le truong hop thay ddi

kJrdng li€n qrc tr4ng th6i cria hQ thdng.

Trong truong hqp thiy linh hoa o nhiet d$ chdy l6ng do dd sdt cia no lon vd t6c do phdt triin tLnh

thA nhd, nCn can bing s€ tt4l tluoc khi chay l6ng hoin toAn. D6 ld trtrong hqp thay d6i gion doan he

thi5ng. Sq chuyiin bi6n girin rloqn trong h0 th6ng ldm cho c6u tqo cira hQ thring thay ddi mQt cdch cin

bin, llm choh c6c hqp chAt tu6c d6 aE hoa tan trd thdnh nhring chdt thuy tinh kh6 hca tan. Su giin
doan nhu v6y c6 thd x6c tlinh dugc beng phuong ph6p hda tan chgn loc trong c6c dung rn6i thich ho.p.

vi du, n6u thi6u kiit phdm khi nung Na2O-Al2O3-CaO-SiO2 xiy ra qua trrnh k6t tinh lai, larn cho

aluminat bidn di, thi didu d6 c6 th6 rh6y tr€n tludng bi6u di6n nhiqt dq -ry le thu hdi khi thrdu ket pharn

nh.6n duoc d nhGng nhi€t d0 thi€u kiit kh6c nhau. Tuy theo loai thay d6i tr4ng thrii cira h€ th6ng c6c

duong biiiu di6n nhiet dO -r)- le thu hOi s€ c6 nhiing dang kh6c nhau nhu hinh 8l

De nghiin cuu su phdn hoa cua nefelin khi rhieu kdr. Strocov ra nhring nguoi cong su dir lron

hgp thi nghiQm vao lo di€n da nung toi 9500C, nan,s toi nhi€t d0 dd chcn trong 2h, vi giiL nhi€t d6 ndl'

trong khodng I5-?0 phit. I{oatanthi€u kiit phim hoac chAt nong chil trongnuagit birrgCungdrch

NarCOr-NaOH chira I rnol NalCOl vir 0,lmol NazO. cho 1 mol AllO; trc'ng Pha rin o "00C vd R:L =

11 (bdng 3 9).

ttdng J9. 5u phu thuoc cria trong lugne |iing. d6 r6p. n li lhu hoi \11O. t:r \z1o ('ua thiiu

t6t plim vao nhi6t 116 thi0u k6t.

- r-t
lS6trri ,tr,+ oo l-rr,'nc luonq I r. i€ thu hi'i l

,)t l
ffieq":*,{*....

I 1210 l)q{r ij i(r 4 :_1.8

2 1220 Jg) 53 fr5 g

f t230 2,93 50 66,0

4 1240 10? 50 80,0 8 i,2

5 t250 2,94 46 ?o5 ?q? 83,2

1260 , a5 38 81,2 79,1 8 5.0

1 1270 2,96 3l 82,9 80.4 86,6

8 1280 ? OR 26 83,7 83,4 81 ,4

9 1290 ?qq 20 84,6 R5 ) 88,3

l0 1300 3,05 86,0 8'1 ,l 89,1

R7 ql
II 1310 3,10 1 S 86,9 ?

l2 1330-1360 3,10 6 84,0 90,1 a)1

Gi& chdy long

trong 40 phft

Cing t5ng nhiet d0 nung ty trgng cria thi€u cdng teng, d6 xdp cria n6 cang giam vi ti I0

thu hdi Alror vd SiO2 cang tdng. Tren hinh 84 16 rang Ii t! l€ thu h6i Al:O: tnng l€n li€n tuc khi nung
,,^,: .r ., ,,
tor luc threu Ket pnam cnay long.

Kiit qui cria nhang thf nghi6#y dd bdc bo tlinh kiijn oho ring, thi0u k€t phdrn natri cabcnat

aluminat cing n6ng ch6y thi qn Ie thu hoi ciins thip. kit qui thr nghidm chimg to nguoc lai - dd thi€u

kit phim nong chdy t6t khi nune rhr ry le thrr trcr uinc. bor r i rdng ti€c tao thanh cdc pha iin bine ciin

lil
 oo
(0J
-l:
bo
b.

ao
F
6n
F-r

/'.t,.'f a'i "t

Ilinh 84 Suphu thu^c giiia tj le thuhdi Alpttt).rronglupngri€ng(21 va d6xlip (3) cia thi€u
kdr ph\n \'6i nhiet d6 thiiu kit.

v6n dd se xuAt hign le tai sao trong thi€u k6t phim nefelin kh6ng thu h6i duoc tit cd Al2O3.

Thinh phin cua sin phAm phnn ung chgch ra khoi thinh phin dd cho cria phdi lieu d6 bidn d6i toan b9
nefelin thi'nh 2CaO.SiO2 vd NarO.AlrOi. nguy€n nhdn ld do ki€m bay h<ri d nhi€t tlQ cao kii thi€u kit
vd c6 th0m alumin coi nhu tap chit trong tl6 v6i. CA hai nguy€n nhin niy iim cho alumin khdng thi€u
kdt hoin todn vdi kidm d dang aluminat. Ngoii aluminat cdn tao ra pha "gelenit" c6 thdnh phAn kh6ng

d6i, co chi aii chiilt quang khic nhau vd kh6ng hda tan trong dung dich kidm. ,16 ld lli do co ban dii

Alro, boa tan kh6ng hoan toen.

Cac thi nghiem thicu t<iit piroi li€u nefeiin cho th€m ki€m dugc tfnh to6n dd licn kct Alro: cho vdo

ph6i liQu v6i ct6 v6i vn dii bl tlip ttin th6t do bay hoi dd chimg td ring trong tluo:rg ho-o. niy hi€u su6t

thu h6i alumin teng khodng 3"2i,.

Theo tdi li€u crla Green va Bouge, h€ Na:O.A lzOr-2CaO.SiO, ld h€ gii hai nguy€u, co cung tinh d

39% NazO.AhOr vd 6i % 2CaO.SiO:, nhigt d0 chdy id 1405i 100C. khi phrin rich quang hoc tinh the

cac .dn lham kdt tinh cLroi ct,rrg cua ih6t nong chal p^rrr lCao.SiOr ra Na-O Al o. Ja phdt hrqn thar
cirng voithdnh phdn ban ddu c6 cirng tinh cua chfng.

Nghi€n ciru pha l6ng r:Lra nct'elir voi roi sau khi Idm nguOi chAm uhuns ro rir g rrlre tjau tien tron-!

chirng lir B 2CaO.SiOr. silicat niil,chinh Li phin co han cua thi€u kd1 phrim nctelrn Irr d,: co bidn d6r
thuiin nghich hodn todn:

[t f :U.SIO: " R:Ct. \lrt ', - ong ( X-25 )

I1,r
 - ",_,-.,..."4g##m;

Su chinh r6c cria kdt luAn ndy,Jd dLrr'. chure, nrinir bing thr nghiCm n6u chiy hjn ho"o f]-

2CaO.SiO2 vir rr-arO.Alz0: v6i nhftng r_"- s6 trong lugng kh6c nhau. Nghi€n ciiu kinh hi€n vi ciia c6c

ch6t n61g chd-v chrimg t6 ring h6n hqp bat li, tinh dii lien k6t SiO, thanh cacxi octosilicat. con alumin

rhdni nalri aluminat, khi det <l6n cdn bing s€ bi6n thdnh hC hai pha cia h,
'1
ch5t ndy . V r vay ph Lrung

trinh thudn nghlch sau lA thlng:

n(2CaO.SiO) + m(R O.AlrO3) e long (x-26)

trong trudng hgp rieng crla ph5i lieu nefelin. n co ttrri Uing 2. con m = l -

Da c6 giA thiiit cho ring so <16 thuin nghich kh6ng phu thuQc vrio thanh phAn ban dAu khi ph6i
lieu. tI6 ki6m tra gii thitil nay ngudi ta da ph6i liQu c6c hqp chit kh6c nhau sau dAy:

5CaO.3Al:O:; CaO.SiOz; CaCO3; 2CaO.Al2O:.SiOz; CaO.Al:O:.SiOz; 2CaOFerOr; NazO SiOz;

NazCOr; SiOr; AlzO:; .. .

T6ng sil c6c oxit tong m6i me ligu tuong rmg v6i m€ li€u d6 v6i - nefelin ti€u chuAn.

Nghi0n criu oic mSu.nhin tlugc sau khi n6u vi t6i miu chiy long tu phiii licu da ainh uing
chriLy

phuong ph6p quang hqc tinh th6, th6y ri'ng r6t ca cric m6u $dm hiu nhu todn bd li thiy tinh vdi pha

ban dAu ti6t ra ld 2CaO.Siq.

Khi thi€u k6t m€ liQu c6 cung thdnh phdn h6a hqc, nhung tu nhftng khoing vat hoAc dA kh6c

nhau, tl6 tlugc c6c thieu kiit phArn khi hda tan chting khdng th6y ch6nh lQch nhi€u v€ thu h6i Al?Or'

Thanh phAn pha cria md li6u chi 6nh hudng tliin thu hOi cria thi6u k6t phdm d thdi kj' thi6u ban

ddri. cnng gln d€n khi thieu k6t thinh vi€n ho4c n6ng ch,iy thi cang thi tieu hod'n toan dac di€m thdnh

phin kho6ng vdt cia md li€u, cdn diSu kign quyiit tllnh cho vi€c thu hdi la thinh phin hoa h'c cua nb.
Vi du, thiCu ki:t jaderir vdL nefelin voi v6i d 13000C ta tlugc thi€u k6t phAm c6 cirng d6 thu h6i Al2ol

khi hda tan.

Thi nghiQm chung t6 reng, khi thay d6i hdm luong vOi, Iidg trong md li€u nefelin, co thi thay

d6i thdnh phin pha ban diu. khi du nhiilu vOi so v6i sii iugng cin rhi6t d6 liSn k6t v6i SiO: thanh canxi
octosilicat, thi mQt phin v6i cdn 6 h4ng rh6i tu do, vd tu pha ldng kiSt tinh ra pha ban darr la

3CaO.SiOz. silicat nhy c6 kha neng ki:t dinh lot, I r vdy c6 th6 ximang h6a cdn. vdi tlr do trong thicti

kiit phim c6 rhe lim cho can bi truong nd. rrgodi ra cdn cirng voi dung di.h aluminat tao ket tLla canrr

aluminar ngdm nuoc. lim gidm tv le rhu hoi -lumrn

Ndu rhay doi hirm luong liem lr',r.g Phni lidu lh

ngur€n harn Jrt 'ng vot. t:. rhar ' a, pha ban
gir-r

diu ridt ra ni ch6t 1ong l?r Na2o.cao.Sio: r'd Naro.Cao.Sioz .r 2Cao.Sir12. di€u kidn nay xa,v ra klri qi
.' 11.n \rO:r.\lO fe.''r'r \ lc. r.:,'tlr,rch r'1 ilrat b,r i]!lu\rn f.;eu:.r\i/, nr

ge\ ia tdn thit kiim trong didu kiQn hoa tan thi)lrg lhuing. do J,r. du rot tritt nttl '-i,t ihie t -it: r.i',

rl,!
ffis'-'
rhanh l( ro.S,O. un! nlr IJukicrr', / irr" -rl:lh:it de llerr het r'.':,hul I '\i'ra'dl tlr'- l'rir:

gram t) li $u hci alumi;r ra lienr c0ng nhu cd,r .iri ti€u khic ttolrg san;'.uiit

1. Phoii LiQu Bdo Hda va Kh6ng Bdc Hia.

Tj'lC thu h6i AIzO: vir NarO cira tLi6u trlit ptti- phiii tigu Uen hda vi kh6ng bno hda.

Dd dua ra cdng thric vil ti, tq ttru hoi Al' r-)r vd Na2o timg thieu kct phlm natri cabonat voi. lr4azel

dem chia qu6 trinh thi€u k6t thanh 2 giai tlt,an - nhiQt tlQ th6p vi nhi6t do cao. kii d6, ong ch'r rir,g. o

giai doan thf nh6t. lirc phiii lieu duqc nu,rg nong, CaO thgc td khong tham gia phim trng, vit't^t.a'citc
bi6n d6i rAy ra nhu trong ph6i lieu khdn g c6 vdi. Khi nung phiji lieu d nhiet d6 cao, v6i t6c dr,rng rnanh

voi cric chdt dd duoc tao ra d giai doan r ung rhu nhdt.

ViQc ph6n chia qu6 trinh thi€u I'et thinh 2 giai tlo4n li co the duoc. vi natri cabonat tAc dung voj

c6c thinh phdn cria ptriii liqu o nhi6r,t6 th6p hon so v6i v6i. d giai doan thft nh6t qu6 trinh thi€u k€t sd

tao thdnh NA,NF vi NAFz O{-NazO, A-AbOr, S-SiOz; C-CaO; F-FezOr, T-TiO?). Ti ld thu hoi -{lzO:

v-d Na2O trong giai doan ndy co th6 x6c <tinh theo c6c cong thric cli n€u ra d6i voi ph6i lieu kh(,ng eo

vdi.

d giai doqn thu 2, CaO se dAy natri aluminat ra kh6i alumosilicat d€ tao ra canxi octosilicat, ldn
cho t'i lC thu hdi Al2Or viNa2o'{hi hda tan tang I€n. M6i mol CaO gidi ph6ng 0,25 mol Al2f)3 vd
Na2O. n6u trong ph6i tiOu co C mol CaO thitrong giai tloan thir hai cria qu6 trinh thi€u kit phim duoc
tAng thCm 0,25 mol AhO: vi Na:O cd th6 hoa tan trong nudc va trong can alumosilicat khdng hda tan
cdn lai: 0,5S-0,25C mol AlzOr vd Na:O

nhu v{y do kiit qui cria giai tlo4n thri 2 cria quri trin-h thi€u ktit, ry te ttru hdi Al2Ol va }la2 O co

thd x6c dinh theo c6c cOrrg thrlc sau:

tapo: = [ I . (0,5S 0,25C)].100 ()i -2 7)

tN":o = [n (0^5 5-(1.25C)1.100/n (x-28)

frong do n: so rnol Na.,O cho I nr"l r\l O. rrortg phoi lidu.

Tu nhfng c0ng thirc ndy ta di r16n k€t lrrdn ring. khi trong ph6i Ii€tr C- 23. nglia li cho lhlm 2

moi CaO cho I mol SiO; trong phiil lii-u, tu co thc thu h,li todn bo r\11O. r'd Na:O. qua nghi€rr cJrr o

plrjng rhr nghi, nr;l rrng ro rirng. q li thu lror Al.( t \a \a U ern Jrtnq roi rtnh toan khi r-onv plror

lidu it SiO:; ccn khl hdrn iuo.-ng SiO. \ii Fe,O-i ii,r:nu ph5i liqu cang tarrq ihi su kiic nhau giiia Linh

to:in vd thuc te rang lon, dac bi€t le d6i vc i NalO.

iacpha:, r-. I'rr.,rrh khrh hL.l I.rr' llrr"L (r lrhin' .,itt ar'll h' "'r,'lonisn 'u'ai lc;1, i

cdns thfc titrh toiin

:i5
 .-** ' ' .*air.,'ir*-lr;+ ,

Khi thi€u kilt qudng c6 hdn lugng Sitt- ::i i..:O: rua phdi, phili ljeu bat, hoe lcon gor la phor lrir
hrnh rhuongr tirqrc ti'sd dAm batr rhu hoi hoor "in .\lri ) ri Na2O. ngudi ra. khi ph6i lieu binh thuong

se mo rong Juoc pham vi tao thanh thieu kit ; ,.ini. iarn .ho vi€c thi€u kit duoc dd ,lanv. grdm ng,ri

hidm do tao ra ket vong. Khi phdi liqu bdo hi i , du, rc lhinh phdn thi€u k6t phim don giin nhdr.

orii voi cac pntii ti€u kh6c, trong do n.rtri !,!boDat khong ttJ dd lien kdt v6i todn b6 Al2or vd

FerOr, thi kh6ng dung duo. c c6ng thric nd.v. cec p;1r\n -,ing h6a hoc khi thieu ket cdc phoi liqu kfiong

b6o hda nhu viy cing chua dugc nghi€n cLru tliy drr. thdnh phAn cria th:i€u k{it phdm c[ng phuc tap

hon; alumin trong thi€u kiit phim kt6ng nh*ng chi c' dang natri aluminat mi cdn d dqng cdc hoo chit

kh6ng tan Al2O,. khi hda tan. Vi vAy hi€u su6t thu hdi I lroi cia thi6u k6t phdm cua c6c ph6i lidu nhu
vfly nh6 hon so v6i thieu k6t phArn bao hda.

Nhung theo mQ1 s6 tai liQu, ph6i lieu bao hda khdng .:am bao ry lC thu h6i kidm cao nhAt, ma phiii

liQu hdm luqng Na2O nhd hdn mot it lai c6 t! l€ thu h6i kiirm cao nh6t.

Vi du. theo Mazel, dem boxit c6 thdnh phdn 50%All)1. 20%o FezOt vri l5% SiO: thidu k6r de

tlugc thi6u k6t phim bao hda vd khong bao hoa. frunng hqp khdng bdo hda r! s6 mol
NazCO::(AhOr+Fqo) = 0,9, cdn b6o hda bing 0,i. Trong cri hai trudng hqp, d6 v6i cho vio di dd

li6n k6t v6i siq thanh 2cao.Sio,

Khi hda ran ph6i lieu bao hda ri le thu hoi AIrO, dat 90%\dn Na,O 90%: cin khi hoa lan phoi

li€u kh6ng bao hda, t' lC thu hdi tuong ung 89 ve 94%. Ti€u hao natri cabonat khi ph6i lieu bio hoa la

l l6kg cho l000kg Alro3 tE hda tan; cdn khi ph6i liQu khdng bdo hda-77kg.

SU ch€nh l€ch natri cabonat l6n nhu vdy chdng nhting ld do hidu suAt hu hdi cao cria Na2O md con

Jo grdm him luong Na2O trong ph6j Iicu.

Theo Mazel, srl dung ph6i liQu c6 harn lLrong ni,tri cabonat thip :€ lam gidm ti€u hao natri
cabonat, lugng natri cabonat gi6m di nriy vucrt quA m6t mrit th€m vi Al?O,. 56 lugng tor uu vi natri

cabonat cin thi6t phdi cho vdo ph6i li€u kh6ng bdo hda chi c6 th6 xrir dinh bang thuc nghiern. theo r1

lethuhdi Alror vdNa:O, theo hinh r i cna phoi liiukhi thieu k6t ra cira birn khi phdn chia vd rLra cin
oo.

Nhtmg trong nroi truong ho.p, natri cab,'rar ..in phli du dd lien ker r.'i .\l-Or rhanh alrrminat.

Chrlng ta nhAnthdy ring. theo N{azel thi cc tl:e tin rhil nhungvi,.lLr v€t!iC".huhdi Al"O, cia thieu

ttit phdm phtii li€u bdo hda cao horr eira phur licu lh,rng bi. hoa Lhung phni i.0o,'o md ld 1-61;

(V.A.lvlazel). diiu clo chung ro ring, vi€c dLLa vao thi nehi€m mdt Loai quirng di l?rm k6t ludn chLrnr

.lto cac loai qrrang khac 'e cip trd ngri.

Dd nghi€n iiru hanh vi cLra rhi<u I'it i Iarr i,irlrr.rtrnhanrlphrrollg;,hapkhu€chtarso.r,i.hi

hoatan bing phuong phdp khuAy, nguoi ia di rhi€u ke ,, \,i-( r:\l-O khr.r,h.r,L
t ph(i'i lieu r r',i tr ,

giLr b so N, O Sin .i dinh. Khi hoa tan ! h.re, 1".n. trgLrr-i 'a di .lt ' thcrrr \aol I
'a' r:'r, . di I'r' rr,

16
 rgrrii thrr) pj);1. Kii hoa irr irahs lilrc.lr!.: plr;p l:ir,ray. lgLirli ia cing clto NaICL)1 rao ,Jung dicir d€

phdn hoa ,:ar;xi al,.rririlat. rit.,r no;ir lonF tiri4u k€t ph,inr ibacg.10).

Nlru rdy :d rarg la hi r ,nr' tlr,ii liirr bio,ror tr,nr b,i knr,ach tin,d,l:roc lrrerr .uar thu hji -a,
ching lh,:rng d6i vci Ai;O, mn ca Na:O. kiri ioa tln irong hi khuay chi co hi'rr suar rhu hoi NarO Lao

khi trong phdr li€u c6 ry s6 mol Na20;(Al2O3+Fe203) < 1, rroug truong hgp ni1 ,hi9u suar thu hoi

AlrO3 lai th6p hon sci v6i nhring thi nghi€m dd n€u tr€n ciia Mazel,

Ti lC thu h6i NarO cfing gidm khi hirn lucmg Na:O lon hon trong phoi Iieu bdo hoa (xem thi

nghi6m 6 vd 1l), cl6 ld do tao ra silicat k6p mNa2O.pCaO.nSiO2 hdnl vi cira silicat kdp ndy khi hoa tan

da n6i d phAn h€n.

Nhu vdy, khi xri l;i boxit c6 hdm lugng SiO, vd AlrOi vira phdri, niu boxrr Tichvin (Li€n xo). phoi

li€u bdo hda thuong cho fi l€ thu hdi Al2O3 cao nh6t.

Bing 40: anh huong cua ri lQ natri cabonat vd hirn luorg SiO, trong ph6i litu d6n ty lC th! hdi

Al20; vd Na2O.

Thdnh phAn ph6i li€u,rnol. Nhict d0 '

T! Ic thu

tnreu Ket
S6 oc Trong b€ khu€ch Trong
tn {an

AIzOi Fe2O3 sio, CaO Na2O Al2or Na2O Al?03 Na20

I 1,00 0 r5 0,30 0,60 1,25 1210 99,0 9 5,8 s75 90,0

2 1,00 n ?( 0,3 0 0,60 I,l0 1210 945 q1 R 91,0 85,3

l I,00 0,25 0,30 0,60 1,00 t210 89,6 94,0 9t,7 8 7.3

j
4 1,00 0.25 0,30 0,60 0,90 1210 86,0 91,I 91.9 91,1 I
I

I
i

1,00 0,25 0,t0 0,60 0,80 | 210 80,0 91 ,1 88,0 91,3

I

6 I 1.00 o ?5 0.4 5 0,90 1.40 1270 96,8 87.i 95,I ,t'r 4

!

I l
I,00 o ?5 0.15 0.90 I li [10 92.8 95.1 8 8,.1 i

ti 1.00 0.2 5 t..15 0,90 1.10 ll70 92.: q

2.l 0'l . 88,5

9 1.00 0.2 5 rl.1_i 0.90 l,0Lr II ri) 8 7.5 9l.r E 8.8 8r.5
i

LU 0.t5 1).ll 0.90 0.!) . -r, R) I I

8Ii, j 8 5.7 89.0

)l'
 0,25 1.4 89.0

0,25 8 7,6

0,25 81,6

0,25 89,2

0,25 86,1

Khi xri Ij c6c loqi qunng chria nhidu SiO2, hdm lucmg sit oxit ctng nhi6u, vi du, khi xir l! cin do,
xienit nefelin s6t...thi ri le thu hdi khdc ra v6i tinh toiln theo c6ng thfrc (X-2D va (X-28). Ph6i lieu
b6o hda cria c6c qu{ng nhu viy sd n6ng chay d nhiet dO th6p, pham vi tao thanh thidu ktlt phdm cua

ching thu hep l4i, ti lC thu hdi Al2O3 vi NarO ti c6c thieu kdt phAm tuong ri'ng cring khong cao. mu6n

giii thich l! do nriy cAn phiidira vdo bd.ur dd trang thii he NazO-Al2O:-Fe2O3-SiO2-CaO, nhung cho

cliin nay hQ ndy cfing chra <lugb nghiOn ciru ki ludng vi rit phtc t4p. c6 th6 giii thich rn6t phin nio
didu d6 bEng c6ch dya vdo k6t quri nghiCn criu t6c dgng iroirg h6 Na2O.AI2O:(NA) - Na2O.FezO:0'{F)

- 2CaO.SiOlCzS).

Tdc dgng gita NA, NF, ClS.

'fruoc ttAy ttd n6i i.ing thi€u kdt pbiim cin bing cua ph6i liiu dd tlusc tinh to6n d6 ho ra NA, NF.
C2S chi gdm c6 c6c hqp chit niy, cdn h€ th6ng th-ro. c xem la ba nguy6n. Sau ndy thdy rdng trong thi6u

kilt phlm chin nhidu FezO: vd SiOr, thi nhi0u NarO vd it AlzO: kh6ng hda tar dugc vio trong nudc-

Ei€u d5 chrmg t6 ring, khi thieu k6t cdn tao ra c6c ho.p chdt phuc tap hcm so voi NA, NF, C2S,

Dd x6c dinh ring trong hd NF-C2S c6 mdt virng rong trong d6 phen lon kidm trong thi€u k6t

phim khOng hod tan. Vi thi! gia thiilt rang. nhirng thrdu tdt phim c6 thinh phin nim v€ phia c4nh NT-
C2S cria tam gi6c (hinh 35) bl m6t dac tinh ba nguyir' i I r ir can phdi c6 nhiing nguy€n crlu kh6c ti mi
hon. Trong khi d6 nguoi ta ttdng ! ring, c6c hQ NA-C1S. NF-C:S. NA-NF ld cdc hd hai nguy€n, cdn h€

NA-N|-CrS li h€ ba nguy6n, n6u khi hoa t;rn tr,rltg ni.r'. h.,ic trong dung dich NazO" hidu suAt thu h6i

Na2O vd Al;O3 nim trong pham vi 92-1009i so ic'i ly' lhrrr',:t ,,Un rn6, chring ducti 8'lzo c6 thd do
";u
clc phdp Lrng trong thi€u kdt phim khdng hoiri toan ve cdc phin ung thu sinh khi hod tan.

Il6nhqpsaukhi nghidn nhcitrti - ir5nl6i:iugderiitiri€ukdtlrongtrigri D.ir li h"nhcpnltr

vdy tld xic dlnh duoc nhi€t d0 thi€u ldt dd du,-'c thitLr l.ir r'him chry long ( Co lanh ket.

K€t qui thi nghiQm li bdng 4l va hinh 85. 86.

lpong oharn rl .uns g.l,.i" ,,. \h,tru rh:;n ttrl- : 'i nji: li hrn h p c't" r f i|r -' .tr-

Con: khi rhidu k5t rd ring lh dd tao ra cac hqp chrit phlc ia.p hon, iam cho Na.(] r'd AI-1i), tiong c6c

t8
 ..,.",*n,!ffi5rumllxm
chat ph,!c tap hon ir)1. kh ng hoa tan rrong nuo. duoc. con c6c thiir: kit phAm cd thdnh phin nar:
irtuat phqnt r irra' c' Ihc uoi nlru h-rr h.,r. tiir \l- NArrr.r
Bing 4f : riLrrh hu'jng cua thAnh phar phoi hcu din ry ii rhu h ji {l1O vi NalO.

Di€m Thdni phdn phoi licu Nhict d6 'l'j. l€ thu h6i. 9/o

tnlL-u |iet
To mol 9/o trong luong

NA NF C2S F S Alro. Na2C)

lanh N F-a^q

I t0 90 22,8 77,2 1200 28.5

2 20 80 40,0 60,0 I 150 J+.1

3 40 60 64,0 16 0 1100 62,8

4 60 80,0 20,0 I125 R{ i

5 80 20 ot < 8,5 I 140 94,4

Tia NA{idm 2

z 20 80 40,0 60,0 1 150 34.1

6 z0 i6 o4 )4 ) 30,3 I2)0 82,9 66,4

9 30 t4 56 )\ q 8,8 91 6
3 1250 92,4

1 40 t2 48 46,0 2t,6 144 1250 93.6 90.2

d 60 8 32 65.7 13.7 2 0.6 It40 92.1 I t,-t

l'ia NA. Di€m 3

'lro 60
I
'T
10 -l a4JTr6al ,
ir
1
I100 i 62.8
I

I
l
I :o ,r2 ,18 l().-r l 5 i.0 I I8.r I r75 85.1 i rr9.'

tl i0 :8 .12 -l11.,1 44.6 i 5.0 [00 89.0 91. .

ll .10 t4 _i6 :1{.r.,5 ri8,i : l.l l:i1l 96.,1 q 1.3

ll I 6il -l tjr-i.:, Ii.i L 1., l:.1.1 9 5.:

tto
 Mazel giii thich ,Jjeu tto id do t4o tirdlh,li;!g dicl' rin giiia l..ll' vi N,,\ roi iC b6t ki-. ndu khdng
'-."
co NA thi .\E cung r.ri , rS raiJ ra n-hirn + i,,rp i-,jr irr,.r. ru hqrp ch6r n ,r'i lo- klem hodn iojn kijn-z lroa

tan ho{c rat ki6 hod tan. Khi crj NA ta cl:l rhil lac dufl; mQt phin cua rr-F v6i CzS, cdn khi hanr iuo-ng

NA lon lnim trong k l-. r r[( gach sqc) ttl .a iji rao thinh dung dich rdn roi NA chu thuc re khong rac

dung vdi C2S.

Thanh phan crla tiSn hgp chdt g,iy niu t6n thit kidar chrra du, c r6c tlinh. Mazel n€u l6n kh6 ndng
t?o thinl m6t hodc mdt s6 canxi hodc sit krdrri - silicat sau: NCS; N:CSr; NC2S1; NC3S5; NF'Sa;
NsFSa; NrFrSs. su t6n tai crla chfng dd duor x6c dinh khi nghiOn crl-u h€ N-C-S vi N-F-S.

Sau ndy di xic dlnh dugc ring l! do t6n rh6t AhO3 ve Na?O le hop chit N2C8S5 vd C4AF; vi€c

t4o thdnh hop chdt CrAF c6. th6 theo so dd sau:

ZNA+2C7S-h*A+NF+C1AF (x 2e)

Khi hod tan tk phim c6c tinh th6 N2CsS5 va f-laA-F khOng ph,An huj irong kiAm. C0ng theo rdi lieu
d6, tren gisr.16 h€ NA-NF-CrS (hlnh 87), pham vi k6t tinh tht nh5t cia c,ic dung dich r,,in NA-NF
gi6i han bdi tfuo'ng NA-EI-E2-NF. ViCc kCt tirth pha l6ng aong khu vuc niy se- k6t thLic tr6n duong E1-

Ez vdi viQc tao ra cr)ng tinh cta dung dich niy coi C2S, cdn hin ttoan thing nim tr€n khu vuc gach soc
cria cludmg ndy thi thdnh phAn con c6 CrAF vi lJ:CrSs.

Cing tinh E1 chiiim 39% NA vd 6l% CzS, con cung tbh E2 - 3?% CrS vA 63% NF.

Phgm vi kiit tinh tru6c ti€n cua C1S nim trong pham vi cric duong E1-C2S-8, (ngodi Vung gach
sqc). ViQc k6t iinh pha ldlg cria khu vur nAy cfing kdt thric n€n duong E1E2 i,oi vi6c tao thinh cdc hop
chrit vi cirng tinh nhu cr khu lTc tr€n. Trong vung g4ch soc, thi€u k6t phin bi6n d6i thinh cec lop
ch6t phuc tap hon so ririrhidu k6t phim khdt vir chrra N2C3S1 va ( 1AE klro hoi:tan kiim ra alumrn.
Khu vgc cria thinh phin dO chny gi6i han hoi dudng chAm chSm dudng tling nhi€t 12.50 + (-) 200C.

Cdng g6n v6i cloan duong thu6c thdnh phin cirng rinh Ei-E2 trong khu.vrrc g4ch soc thi nhi€t dd nong
chdy cdng giim thdp va cang thu hep phan , i nh i€r dd tao thdnh thi6Lr kdr phim. Thdnh phrin nirn
trong kltu vuc na1 .o ririer d6chd1 lhap. rr ' 1' ;ni,,rg loi .hovrec'lrreu 1., r trong Io ongquar

l2t)
 CHL,ONG l1

HO.\ T \\ I HILL' KF I PHANl

] AC D{;NG CUA DwG MOI DEN THANH PHN THIEU KET PHAM
Trong thi6u kiit pnArn d xudng alumin c6 th6 c6 cric ho.p chdt sau: NalO.Al2O3; K:O.Al2Or:
Na2O.FezO3; Na2O.SiO2; Na:O.TiOz; CaO.Al2O3: BaO.AlrO:; CaO.FezO3: 2CaO.SiOr,
2CaO.A l2O3.SiO2; CaO. t iO....

Muiin chgn diau kiCn t6t di: hoa tan thiiu tet pnim, cin phrii bi€t t6c clung cia clc thdnh phil
chi y6u cta thi€u k6t phim vdi nudc vi v6i cric dung dich ri€ng ld hodc hon ho-p cua Na2CO3.NaOH,

natri aluminat. T& d6 hda tan cia natri aluminat trong nudc n6ng r6t lon. Thi nghi€m chimg td ring,
natri aluminat sach c6 th6 hda tan hoin todn trong dung dich kidm yiiu d 100"C sau 3 ph , tao thdnlr
dung dith chria - l00g/l {l)O' khi u" - l.o. Tdc do hda tan natri aluminar girim di rd r€r khi gidrn

nhiet dO hda tan. Kali aluminat cOng hda tan nhanh nhu v{y.

Natri ferit ki6ng hda tan trong nudc, trong c6c dung dich NazCOr.NaOH, aluminat, nhrmg bi
ph6n h6a do thriy phAn:

Na?O.F€zOr + HzO = 2NaOH + FezO: (xl- i )

Khi hda tan ngugc ddng natri ferit d nhi m6y ta dugc dung dich kiim drim tlac 280 - 300g/l
Na2O. !1. Vigc phrin h6a ferit ti6n hdnh ch{m hon so vdi vi€c hda tan aluminat, vi vay cdc thidu ker
ph6m aluminat, trong d6 chfa nhiCu kidm ferit, cdn phii hda tan tliin khi ferit thrly phin xong. Nhi6t
il6 dung dich, hdm lugng Na2O trong dung dich vi kich thudc thi6u ktit phAm c6 inh huong d6n t6c d0
phin hoa ferit.

Anh huong cria nhi€t dQ vd thoi gian ddn viec thiry phdn natri tbrit nhLL trdn hinh 88.

Thuong thuong o c6c xu6ng alumin hda 1an thieu k6t ph6m bang cac dLrn,z drch eo nong d6
Al2O3, Na2O*"6, Na2O. thich hon d6 viQc thriy phrin cira ferit cham hon s,r voi rrong nuoc la.

Trong thi6u kilt ph6m thuong khong co hodc to rat rt natri srlicat. Con cac iiung dich aluninar

kht hua ran thrdu k€t phim luon luon chLra nhiiu SiO hon so reri can bring. \guo,r {iu clru -reu rr^ng
dung dich |i Ca:SiOr. hdnh vi cLia no khi hoa tan sC noi o phin duoi. Con r'€ phdn natri silicat- nhrr ia

.14 biat no hoa tan manh rrone nLroc ra trong cac di€Li kidn khic kh6ng d,ri rhr !, 1r hur tan phu rhrtL,!
vio w sd NarO : SiO: ihinh 89). Khi c6, tu dung dich kOt tinh ra clc silicat lgdn nuoc khdc nhaa
\.r :ir r' o1;.n. \a Sin. RH O. \r:5.u .oll O. \a \in. . H_U lar ia rhrlnr J,.r \,r long rro0 I fllr ,r

dd de ti€t ra silicat ngim it nrr6c hc'r

221
K1ffiffi!*i++'.a.r*, - ..... -.

.' 40'

:t
o 5

l
z

10 3l 6C 90 1m 150 lao 21O 240 270 300 33O 360

Tha'i 8ran, pt',

Hinh 88: inh lntong cia nhiAt do va thdi gian din naniferit

d ntri9t dO tr6n 74"C tu dung dich kilt tinh ra silicat ngim nu6c. D0 hda tan cua n6 lon nhat d

80"C ld 61,63%, cdn d 90"C gii'm xu6ng tdi 48%.

Lileev cho r'6ng, trong clc drmg dich hda tan thi€u k6t phAm. silic oxit d d4ng natri
alumosilicat nhu ki€m. Natri silicat tqo ra khi phdn h6a 2CaO.SiOr, s€ phAn ung vol cac mann pnan
kh6c nhau cua dung dich.

2(NarO.SiO) + 2[Na.Al(OH)r] + mNaOH + aq '- nNazO.AlzOr.2SiOz + aq

(xl-2)

ilil rl

2.22
 l'}ii do dung dich duoc khir sjlic. boi riNazO.r\l2O1.2SrO2.nl{2O thuc ri lionq hua tan. }luc
do rhLii phan cua alurno.ilrcar ehrra nhriu kidm phu rhuoc ,ao nhier do. nong do dung dich. thji gian
vd cic nhdn td kh6c (*). Di€u do rrrot phdn nao xdc nhan cong rrin-h mdi, cdc cdng trinh moi ndy dga
vdo vi€c gia c6ng ph:in tich hdng loar dung dich dd xac lap su phu thu6c hgp thfc gian don cua hhrn
luong cAn bing cria Al2O3 vd SiOu o do ki€m ra nong dd tld chon [2]. Trong dung dich nh6m oxit va
silic oxit s€ t4o ra cic ion phfc, tuoxg tu nhu trong dung dich aluminat s4ch, c6c ion Al2O3 di hydrat
hoa lai polyme h6a.

(*) I.S.Lileev. Vai rro cia SiO: rrong qud trinh sen xuit alumin. Lu6.n 6n rien si Iq4q.

Khi titip xic v6i nu6c, nat titanat bi hydrat hoa, chuydn thi'nh Na2O. 2TiO2,H2O kh6ng hda
tan, sau tlo Na2O.2TiO2.HrO bi thriy phin tao thanh TiO2.nHrO vri NaOH.

Trong s6 4 lo4i canxi aluminat (C3A), (C5A), (CA) vd (C3Ar) - rrong rhidu ket ph6rn th6ng
thuoag chi c6 hai loai gi8a. T6t cd crlc canxi aluminat ddu it hda tan hong nuoc.

I(hi CA hda tan l6u trong nudc Id tlugc dung dich c6 r! s6 mol CaO : Al2O3 khodng bing 1o

30" vd chria dua2,5 glI AluOr vd l,4l /l CaO. C6 th€ l6y canxi aluminat ru dung dich qu6 bdo hoa:
khi tlat tliin cin bing trong dung dich c6 t6t ci 0,491CaO, vd-0,3gll AI2O3 vdi r! s6 mol gita chirng
bdng 3. Cdn cin g6m c6c tinh th6 lCaO.Al2Oj.7HrO, keo AI(OH)] va CaCOI 1do r6c dung voi COl

cua kh6ng khi).

Cdc aluminat kh6c trong nuoc cing ruong rU nhu v6y Diu ridn nuoc bio hoa CA, con khi
th6o cen ra ngoAi se bi6n thinh h6n ho. p A|(OH)3 vd 3CaO.Al2O3.7H2O.

C6c aluminat nhiSu ki€m hon thi vi6c bi6n d6i k€t thric nhanh hor.

Vi€c hydrat h6a canxi aluminat c6 th6 di6n ti bing crlc phuong trinh sau:

3CA + l2HrO : C3A.6H20 + 4AI(OH), (xr-1)

3C5Ar + .12H2O : 5(C.A.6HrO) + 8Ai(OH)r (xr-i)

fheo tdLi Ii€u kh6c, ngodi aluminar ngam b nuoc con tao ra cac alumrnat ngam I nucic ga ngirn
12 nudc. cting nhu cdc ahminat it ki6m hon hodc nhi€u ki€m hor.

Mu6n phdn h6a canxi aluminat ngdm nuoc cin co dung drch narri cacbonat:

-1CaO A l1O1.6H:O , l Na:CO; : 2NaAlOl -r lCaCO: r .lNa()H + :1HrO

(xt-6 )

Khi do dO ki€m cua cua dLrng dlch tuy co ting 1€n nhLnrg khOng dn d€ dung dich aluminat tro
rhinh bdn iuns sau lihi haa iilt.\i(ilHj, do ritu_r phin m6t pfrin;an..i alunrinat khi hldrat hca Vi

D.3
 ----*-vr+{,4*d1dilffi rrlH

v{y, kli hda tan rhi€u k6t phAm canxi aluir,jniit n€u trong thiOu kOt phdfir cdng nhi€Lr (,-,1,' va cang it
C;A3 thi dung dich natri cacbonat cin th r; -l'ria nlri€u f.laoH.

Bing 32 Jd k6t qui hda tan thi€u kilt phirn. chir yiiu g6m CA. trong dung dich natri cacbonat.

NaOH vi nuoc [3].

Eang 42

Ti la thu hoi AlrO3 khi hoa tun thi?u luit phr)m Cl sau khi nung nong 3h

Nhi€t dd thi6u Fe2O3 trong thi€u

Ty lf thu hoi Al2or. %, khi hoa tan bdng dung d rch

[et, "c Ket pnam, "/o

Na2C03 NaOH Nu6c

1000 1 30,1 1,4 nt

1100 2 46.5 17 ,6 0,6

1200 a 57 ,3 33,2

1300 2 63,2 49,4 05

1300

1300 88,8

Chriy l6ng 93.0

.t
Phan ung tong khi phin hoa CA bdng dung dlch natri cacbondt vi dung dlch NaOH nhu sau:

CaO.AlrOr + NazCO: r ag = CaCO; + 2NaAlO2 + aq (XI-7)

CaO.Al2O3 +2NaOH +aq = Ca(OH)z + 2Na-AlOr raq fxl-8)

Hicrr sudt rhu hdi Al?O, rrong Na( )H rhap. theo phdn Lrng (Xl-8,. co thi gidi thrch binc hrr l',

do: l) r1Q hda tan cia Ca(OH)2 lon hm d0 hr,ra tan cira CaCO:, vd 2) phdn irng thuin nghich cia v6i
v,ii aluminat:

2NaAlO2 + iCa(OH) -l- aq " i [a{-\.Al1O,.6l1rO ' ]Naoli r aq tlil-9i

\ghrcn,uu arh hucrng tua J.r kt.rn i,lr -anri aluminat Jin \reu suit thu lr,-i \i r - ,i h{'a
lan chrng to ring. ClA hoa tan trong natri cacborat ',d trong NaOtl k6rn hon CA vd C,Ar.

111
ffiilHf"**#.:{i'4': e :'' -!' i:

Ferit ' a l-.rI. hrl. nhLr\rj.r:.'.r nu' ra eac dung dr.tr \r,,, ha\ \ii ilf'lr.rn iru) i,,
do. n€Li l:hi ph0i liiu cho vpi vdo cli:i,ir irit ,,ilj Fe2O3 thanh t;fit. lhi khj hcja ral rhriu kct phinr harru

dung dich natri cacbonat kh6ng hy rong tang ir ,,i costic do ferir nal'phan hoa.

Kri rLr ll '( aU.l-<O hdng dun,L ii:h,rrr,Fl, n.rnqdi, rrin i069 i .i droc hTp ih;r khj,rg In:rJ

4CaO.Fe2Ol.nll2O, trong o'6 n bing 7 vi 14. lgodi ra con dutrc ho.p hrt 3 CaO.Fe2Or.6Ll2O.
e

Cdc :anxi silicat ddu it hoa tan trorg nudc. Khi hda tan thi€u kdt phim boxit hodc nefelin,
trong dung dich thuong c6 Na2O"o.6. lla2O" vd AlrO3. Sq co m6t cua chtng ldm thay d6i co briLn hdnh
vi cta C2S khi hda tan thi€u k6t pbim. Chring t6 cfing biiit tAc hai cta phrin ung gita canxi silicat vci
dung dich canxi cacbonat. Phdn rmg t6ug ho..p cta cac phi.n ung girla CzS vdi dung dich natri cacbonat

co th6 vitit nhu sau:

2CaO.SiOz + 2Na2CO3 + 3q =11u,51gr + 2NaOH + 2CaCOr + aq

(xr- 10)

Phdrr tng nay gi6ng nhu phrin irng ph6n huy canxi aluminat trong cing dung dich. Silicar hda
tan va tAo thdnh keo silic, cdn v6i o dang CaCO3 kh6ng hda tan. Can bAng bi phdr hriy lidn tuc. Ihi
nghi€m dd xdc tlinb ring, btrng c6ch d6, trong dung dich c6 thti tich liy tdi 8 - l0g/l SiOz, nhung khi
hda tan m6t lan octosilicat b6ng dung dlch natri cacbonat chi phin hriy mor phrin s6 lrgng trdn.

CrS c6 thii bi ph6n hty hodn toin n6u thay 10 lAn dung dich natri cacbonat t0%. ty s5 L : n =
100 vd nung tdi 90 - 95"C, cdn metasilicat - phdi thay 23 lAn. Kh6 gidi thich k€r qud quan sar ni1
bing su thuin nghich cia viQc ph6n h64 cdch girii thich d6ng tin c6y hon cri ld do tao ra cr cic hat
silicat mdt mdng mdng keo SiO2 tuy theo mfc dQ tich lfly SiO2 trong dung djch, c6c mdng rnong ndy
lirn cho vl€c phAn h6a g4p kh6 khin, dbc bi€t li metasilicat, vr rrong dung dich hlm lugng SiOz kjn
hon-

NaOH co rdc dung tuong tu:

2CaO.SiOz +2NaOH'aq - 29u1911r2 + NazSiOr f aq (xr-11)

\hung phdn ung ndy dinh chi nhai.rh hon: sau 69 khu6y l00g silicat trong dung dich chua
t00g NarO" chi hoa tan c6 0,229 SiOr, c[ng trong thdi gian d6 hda tan duoc 3,291 rrong dune dich
l0o , \a O...,

So di NaOII ric dLrng cfrarr hon octosilicat ld ri Ca(OFIt sdn phinr tLra phan hrrr
lCa0.SiO: cirng vdi dung keo hoic Si02 tao th:lnh rndnq bao boc cdc h,lr silicat. di nhien Ir ming nav
co tinh thinr thiu nho hon so r6i n:drrg :ria keo SiO], con trong dung clich natri cacbonat Ca(Oi-il-

bi6n thdnh CaClOr khdng t6c dung v6i kco hoiic dung ker SiOl.

{.3nr.r .iiirlicat an thd !lrar, riur vo! Jurrg lich alrrnrrnat titet' !-a! Dhan uns lrtu:

225
 l(:CaO SiO:) ' r;.rj{l(.!.r- l5llro:
3Na2SiO3 + 2(3CaO.A1:{-r:.o]lrOl + 2A(OH)r (xr,l2)

' 2NaAlO' + I.7Na.^SiOr + nrHzO =

NazO.AlzO:.l,7SiOr.nHd * 4NaoLI r [m - (n + 2)]Flro (xl-13)

Vi€c phAn hriy ki6m alumosilicat thco pirirr ung (XI-13) dn din toi r rec phdn hiy octosilicat
theo phan ung (XJ- I 2).

Ndu dn thoi gian, trong dung dich nong chria nhiiu aluminat thi octosilicat c6 thri ph6n hny
hoan todn tlii tao th*rh alumosilicat it hda tan, do tlo giy ton thdt AlrO3 vd Na2O do cdc phan ung rhf
sinh ndy g6y ra td nh6 nhdi. Trong thi€u t<i5t ptrim cirng nhidu octosilicat, nghia ld trong qu{ng cing
nhiAu SiO2 thi cang kh6 ngan ch{n tdn rhit AlrO. va Na2O.

T6c dqngcua octosilicat vdi dung dlch aluminat c6 th6 theo c6ch khic, nhu phurmg trinh sau:
.
2(2CaO.SiOj + 4N8AlO2 + mH2O: CaO.AlzO:.2SiOz.nHrO +

+ 3CaO.AlrO:.6F{zO + 4NaOH + [m - (n + s)]HrO (xr-r4)

Trudng hgrp nay chi rnit Al2O3.

Muxiacov vd Itkina dtr gia cdng C2S bang dung djch aluminar chta l00g/l AlrO3 vi 100g/l
NazO khi L : R = 12 vi nung 6 70"C vi 98"C.

Thi nghi6m chung td r.{ng, him luong Si(): trong dung dich c6 rliiim cuc dai. Khi nung d 70"C
hdm tuqDg I6n irh6t cria SiO, (3gll) hong dung dlch rmg vfi thdi gian 6h, con khi nung s 98"C - sau

nrla gio. Sau 66 tlem kht SiO2 cira dung d!ch, lqi dirng phen fng thf sinh tao thdnh alumosilicat khOng
hia tan.

Nhu viy, SiO2 trong quang li tap chat ching nhiing c6 hai khi xu lf qudng rheo phuong phdp
Baye mi ci khi xri lf quing theo phuolg phrip thi€u k6t. Bi€n phrip hi€Lr qud nhit de phong ngria ron
th6t Al2O1 do canxi silicat phdn h6a ld hda ran nhanh r a phdn chia nhanh dung clich khoi cIn.

] ]]A,N (.IIA.T TON THLT THL SIh-TI CI]A A1,O. T) NA.O MIl HOA'tAN
THtE('KET PH,4.\4
D€ nghi€n crru ban chdt t6n tlrit;ue Ai.U, \a Na2O klrr hoa ran thi€u kdt phim aluminat.

Malusev (*) dd chu6n bi B 2CaO.SiO. :ach. bing I jch nung iai "y
- 2CaO.SiOr r.oi m6t it boanhldrlt
iie duoc pha B ben. |'ighien nho th irr i,c; irr 'ir , I -:1 lrn hang dLliit rlich liuililat chLia !ri-irl

226
.\1.U.- ;..18, l\a,Or r"1is.\a"-""ioi o. r.j..rr.ol:R lo rir D",ntthoi LonIi tt,l
hiin ho-p I mol Ca(OH), vi i uiol siiicagen trong cirng Ji€u kiQn ( bdng,13).

(i1 M.F.Malwev, vi ban chit tljn thit ttul sinh cia Al:Ot va Na1,O khi xtr li,thiiu k?l phdnt alurnnui
bit g phtmtg phap rhuy hoa hoc lwinanphotQnsi laj5.

Thi nghiQm dd chrlng to rirrg:

L Ktr i hoa tan bing dung dich aluminal. hon ho.p roi ',oi silicagen .E bi mit Al2O, va \r7u
nhanh hon nhi6u so vdi cric thi nghiQm vdi silicat.

2. Khi hda tan silicat, t6n thAt Alror tnng ddu theo thoi gian, cdn t6n thdtNa)O thuc t6 nhu nhau;
3. Tj s6 mol NarO:Al2O3 trong cin gid'rn d6n theo thdi gian hda tan;
4 Ngoai natri alumosilicat. klri hoa an con tao thdnh cdc hqp chir hhac hiong hoa tan. chua .\l-
. 2O3 nhung kh6ng chria NazO, vi du C:A.6HzO.CAS;.CA:S:.

Bdng 43

iinh hudng cia thii gian hda tan silicat hodc h6n hqp tuong i,ng ddn fin thiit Al:O: vd NatO

Trong dung dich con, g/l t vo T! s6 mol

Thdi gian,
O* Na2O:A12Or
h
Al2o3 Na201 A12O3 NalO1 trong cal]

p 2CaO.SiOz

I 11 )1
73.5 1,56 3,7 1.2 0,49

2 74.5 13,5 |,62 1,3 1.2 0,25

l3 ,) 1,68 11,4 0.22

H6n h-oP 2Ca(OH)r - SiO: H:O

i _-l r-5i ' sit i tq i o-: - i :.,0 ' o.r-;

, ] l5.r) -i5.8 ] 0., 81.,1 i .,.'.u o.tj

19.9 0 id

22',1
 Niu vi6c tao thdnh natli alumosilicet la lj'rir-' drry r*;el ,1d gdy ra tdn thdt nhdm thi t-n sd mol

\a7U;AI.o. rrcng c{n phdi heng ,. nhung nong ciln ti i' rray i,hong lon hm 0.;J. D.rng dich alumin:rr
trong nhLng rhi nghidm nd) thud( loai bdn 'rims. np,hra la rong thoi gian hoa t:ur kh6ng ridr ra

Al(OII7, ru dung dich. nhrmg tiong mot s6 tru'.rxg hop khdc co thd ti6r.{l(OFD. ru dung dich lam cho
cdn c6 nhi6u AlzO: hon.

thdng thuong khi dung dich alumonat tdc dung ,oi voi t4o ra hdn hgp cua cdc aluminat ba ri
b6n canxi ngam nudc, $ lC gita chring do hdm luqrg Al,O3 quy€t tllnh vi khdng phu thuoc vdo h)m
lugng NazO. trong dung dich tcho tdi l50g/1). Khi trong dung dlch it Al2Or. truoc het sC tao thirnh

C.A ngam nu6c, nhrmg klri ting hdm lugng aluminot trong dung dich sd thu dLrgc nhi6u cin C'A
ngAm nu6c vd khi trong dung dlch co 2001 Al2O3, tit cd cln li C3-A ngam nu6c [4].

Theo Malusev, trong iin hoa ran thi6u k6t phArn nefelin vd boxit khQng c6 canxi hydro

aluminat, bdi vi c6c alupinat ndy ktr6ng bdn vtrng rong tliiu kiQn hda tan. K6t ludn ndy dr,ra tr€n su

quan s6t khi hda tan cac can biag dung dich l5gll Alzq, D5gll Na2O1 v.d 110g/l NazO*"u d 90"C
trong I gid. Bdi vi canxi hydro aluminat b! dung dich natri cacbonat pb6n hriy rit nhanh, cho n6n n6u

trong cAn c6 canxi hydro aluminat thi sau khi hda tan him lugng AllOr phdi tdng l€n, quan sat lai thAy
him luqng Al2O3 vd Na2O trong dung dlch giAm xu6ng.

Theo Malusev, hirn luqng canxi hydro aluminal vA canxi hydro alumosilicat hong cin do lv
sti ttic d6 cfra c6c phin ring sau quy6t d!nh:

l. Tao thdnh canxi hydroaluminat:

nCa(OH), + 2NaAlO2 + aq .- nCaO.AhO:.yHrO + 2NaOH + aq

(xr-rs)

2. T6c dung cia canxihydro aluminat vrii natri silicat:

nCaO.Al2O3-yH2O + l,?Na:SiOr + aq * NarO A I2O3. l ,7SiO2. xLJ20 +

+ nCa(OH)z + l,4Naol-i + aq (xr- | 6)

3. Tdc dqng cda natri alumosilicat vdi vdi:

Na2O.Al2Or.1,7Slor.\HrO + Ca(OH)2 + aq.-

- CaO.Al:Or.l.7SiO,.xH2O r+2Naotl + aq (Xt- 1r1

,1. I6c dung cua canxi hydro alLtminat vdi natri alumosilicat:
nCa(l.Alror.) FI]O t nrNa:O.Al:Or.l.lSiO..xl{ro) + aq €

-' n(CaO.AlrO:.f .iSiOl.xlI.O) + 2Na..\lO' ; l{n })NaOFl + aq ix r,1 8)

 .',..,"
Kl,i hoa tan thiOu k6t phinr b?ine dung dich natlj cacbonal. ri. do thn),th€ jon larrr ra., ion
canxi trong aluninat giin xu6ng rd r€t. \hu viy, canri n.vdro alurninal duoc tao re khi irou irn thi€u
k€t pbdm. theo lVfalusev, .-sd khong ben vLrnq va phdn tmg rui nahi silicat vd alurrosiii,jat, chuver
thdnh natri alun-rosjlicat trcng truong hcm lhu nhar !a canxi alurno:ilrcat trong truong hop til..r hai.

Viec ,rghien ci,u cdn thieu kdr pharn hoxit cua Viirr lu5en lirn rd silicar lh'r'arg Hai rhuoc
Vi0n hdn ldm khoa hoc Trung Qu6c chung to ring, phdn chLi yilu cLia can khi hoa ran rhieu k€t ph;rn la
dung dich rdn cua C2A.6H2O vd C ASr. Ket ludn ndy dua tren nhidu thi nghidm vd nhfing phucmg
phip x6c dinh thinh phin pha kh6c nhau. Vi€c gidm hdm lu1mg Al2O3 trong dung dich natri cacbonar
khi hda tan c6n nefelin vd boxit do Malusev tiin hdnh. nhung cring kh6ng loai tru khd nang tdn tai
trong thdnh plrin dung dich rin crla canxi h.,,dro aluminat trong cin

Khi cho B C2S, cfing nhu h6n hop cua B - CrS vd crnrr hvdro aluminat tiic dung v6i dung
dich natri cacbouat aluminat. Maluse,. phbr hen rang. Na2O.,,6 ir anlr lruong d6n vi6c plran h"a r'zS hon
Na2O. tbdng 44;.

Bang 44

Anh hrdng cia Na2O,vd Na2O,o,6 trong dung dich aluminat ddnvtQc phdn ht)a C25 rt 9f C trong 1,5h,

tit s6 L: R: 2,5

Thenh dung dich, g/l

56 thf tu
TrLtoc thi nghi€m Sa-u
rhi nghi-6m-
thi nghi€m

Al2o3 Na2O. Na2O*"6 Na201 oL Aho: N'a2O. Na2O*.5

I '1) 5 72,7 72,1 1,65 69.1 71.0

2 12,5 l5 3.5 I {',t i j,48 t1q 112.4 -: l

I
!
I
3 1t,4 128,3 ?5 0 153.3 2.95 14,0 I i 8.1

4 12,1 l0 t,l i0,j 154 R 2,3 8 21,0 95,q 49.1 i

5 ,12.2 7,1 -.1.9 152.6 1.77 +o,f .il q

t- 3.1.,i
i

b
6 rt.5 8 1.0 153.6 t.0: I
1.65 bj.)
63.5 3i.r

Jrrng di;h. til -]'--

S0 thir trr Ti :r" 111,1 1.13,9

thi ngh i€rn '1.1:(J. trong cdn

)29
 .1,19

142.5 446 0.i I I

I r +2.: 4,20 4_1. !lii 6.85 0.1 l

14 5,0 4,94 5 sri .1

,28
Aa 1 9,8 0 tq

149,4 14q 2.99 i ,8:2 )\ 7 0.21

151,5 r 4l 2,22 I 2,0,1 oo )l 0,18

Khi hdm luong Na2O1 trong dung dich ban tliu nhu nhau, n6u teng hem luong Na2U.,,6 sE

gidm tdn that Al.O, vd NazO. didu do chung to ring, khi hda tan thi CrS bi NaOfl ph6n hoa la chu ydu

Klri ting hdm luorg Na2O"-6 trong dung dich ban diu sE tdm tdng modul silic ps; cria dung dich, d6 ld

do C2S bi phin h6a chdm giy n6n. C6 th6 driqc c4! c6 qi s6 mol Na2O : Al2O3 nhd hon I ngay cd khi

him lugng Na2O*.6 trong dung dich l6n, Malusev giii thich rdng, d6 li do c6 k€t tua can-ri

alumosilicat cung vdi natri alumosilieat. DiAu ndy ctng riuo;c giii thich bing vigc tdng o. trong dung

dich sau khi thi nghi$m so vdi l6c diu. Qua tinh to6n chirng t6 rAng trong hii thi ngniem sau cing,
vi6c teng e liQn quan mgt phdh tdi viQc cdstic hda nahi cacbonat. bing khoAng I3% trong rhi nghi€m
5 vd 18% trong thi nghi6m 6.

Nhu trudc ttAy tl6 n6u, cic dung dich natri cacbonat (XI-10) phan h6a C2S nhanh hon dung
dich NaOH (XI-11): nhung il6 ld khi trong dung d[ch ban tliu kh6ng c6 AluO:. C6 th6 dr)ng diOu niry

tt6 giii thich miu thLrin b€n ngoii vsi kiit luan cria Malusev - ngudi de tiiin hinh thi nghi6m vcri dung

dich chria aluminat.

Khi tang n6ng dd ki€m s€ giirn I'j' lC rhu hii .Alrn1 tri thi6u k6t phAm, d6 ld do vi€c phdn hoa

C2S nhanh vd hodn todn hon. Nhung vt€c gLdm Fi' Ie thu hoi chi ddn him tuqng gi6i han 200 25091

NazO". N6u ti6p tuc ring d0 kiSm cia dung d!ch. ton thlit Alz0r vd Nar( ) lai giam xuong: khr hoa tan

rhieu 600 7009 1 Na2u" ton thel Al'O. va \a2O khdng darrg ke rrgar cd Uti
kir phdrn bd-rrg dung dich
hda tan l6u (hinh 90). L.i do d ch6, kii tang nong do natrr hydroxit trong dung dich sd ldnr ttug hdm

luong cin bine SiOz trong dung dich, hic ddu rdng it, sau tAng nhiOtr' Kii hda tan lAu trong dung dlch
h00 -00g l.Ja rJ .i rap rung d'in l< lSel5ioj T,''c.l'l phdn h.,r canxi sitical J^ tic donc frt
Na;u lai phi rhLi. ,'r^ ham lro.rB sio rr"r'g 'iurrg di'h. Drrng di.h :dp trung trltiitr 5t" 'lir tic-
lhan hda,' \ . tn ,l!;m.iicoihe hoarr 1o;' '
ninp .3'

Hdm lL;Glg SiOl trong dung dich li do :u frhoi hrrp t6c d6 tAp trung SiOl uong dung dich (do

i-( dunE c,1 j'.r r.,\ t;! 1tr\i t,ir .1i, giAni "i(l tr r r: di,rs dich rl- rlao ra alum(rsiiicat ll,rirrg lr,,,i tan.

:10
 ,' -
. -, t* .. it?*;i.1,a-

Tlrrrg eic duag dich lr.riirg. lihirr rllr;g 11111 c1sll : , ,-"anr i.r do la;.. dD phiir h..r,r fl,5 giain. con lrL)ng .:ir-
ciurig dich ddm ddc- rioriictidtraSiOltudurgiichthdrrhdangalurro ilir.t h: clrairr trii

'i I
911
ttl
\o -,1

t,t'
{ ..r
,o ,l-' ;
;8ti
ts "I
.,t
t2,
;:l c
L-..-i -' "-:'*t-*i,- ^- l*:
'rv ?*:.x!
llixt iii!i';i ;!;l

.'.^ t: . a r:rt
ffinh 90: S1t phu rhuoc cia tor thdt AI2O j rc NarO '; phdtn vao nony do Na20
khi hoa tan thiAu kat ^ ||
th.2.2h

!..')

p2

xl-
-,.88
Odb

iT,
860
liit
A'u
/.7
/1

ihci g:ar- phtit

Hin h 9 t; T|t ti thu hii ,1i .O , khi hia tar thiiu k€ t lthin betxit ch<:t rhint ;';11,-i
'.
n1b6t1e; '. oo d',tns l)r i,
rii hiatan. 1. kh6ng ti.rt tlatt cLlcbonal: JOg 7 -\a;r:).... -|. lQgtl 'ya1
L) ,t. L ri[ g'7.\c:r)...-'. .j

i0i)gt i yatO
"'n

r31
r-!--,!i1!r:-. - ,..

Cho thCn natri cacb(-rnlt rio drrlrl diln ;idr tan rhl€u k€t nh6m boxit:e lanr grdrn t) ie thu hoi

Al:0: (hirh 9ii. Iheo Mirh.rscv, dri ii d,,, netii tacbcnat co t6c dgng thuc da, .rlrr tira Jung dich gdy
n€n.

NaOH phdn h6a C2S tao thiLnh nair: silicat hia tan (XI-11). frit ,J( phin hoa nal do ham
lugng SiO: trong dung dich quydt di-'rh, hdrn lur7ng SiO2 trong dung dich cdng nho t6c dQ phdn hoa

C2S cdng nhanh. Vi natri cacbonat thtc tlli-i viec kht silic, cho nCn sC ldm cho C2S phin hiry nhanh
hon, din tdi ting tiin th6t Alror.

Kli hda tan thi€u kdt phdm nelelir'. n6l thji gian hda tan khong lau iiim t I lh) thi narri
cacbonat inh huong t6t. Natri aluminat trong thi€u k6r phim nefelin nim o dang dung dich rirr voi
CrS [5], mn natri cacbonat c6 khd nrang ldn: cho dLrng dich rdn niy phAn ly, sau d6 natri cacbonat cd

t6c dung nhu khi hda tan thi€u k6t phAm boxit" Cho them canxi hydroxyt hay canxi hydroaluminat s€

thric tliy vi6c phAn h6a CzS, b<ri vi n6 ldrn nhanh qu6 trinh khu SiO, cta dung dich-

Tom lgi, nh{fng clii:u kiQn thuin igi cho qu6 trinh khir silic s€ ldm tbng t6n tlr6t AlzOr vir NazO
khi hda tan thi6u k6t phim aluminat. Nh,mg didu ki€n do ld: tnng nhipt tlQ dung dlch len qui cao, lirn
ch6m tr6 qui trinh hda tan, c6 Ca(OH) vi netri cacbonat

'Iheo Malusev, t6c dqng khi h6a tan thi6u kilt phAm c6 thii xriy ra theo so dd sau:

I. 2iaO.SiOz + 2NaOI1 r- aq = ZCa(OH), + Na2SiO3 + aq

II, r,Ca(OHI + 2Na.,{lO2 + aq .+ nCaO.AlrO:.yHzO + 2NaOH + aq

itl Na:O.AhOr + rnNa2SiO3 + 2[c - (m + l)]NaOH + aq =

cNa2O.Al20 j.mSiO2 (trong dung dich) + aq

n?'. cNa:O.AhO;.mSiOz + aq = Nau O AlrOr. l,7SiOr.xH2O + (m - 1,7)NarSiOr + 2Lc -'(rn -

0,I)lNaOH + aq

V. nCaO.Al:O:.yHzO + n|'{42[Q3 + 6q *+ nCaCOr r' Na2O.Al2Ot + 21n - 1)NaOll+aq

Vi. a(Naro.Alzor.l,7SiO?.xI{2O) . nCaO AlzO:.}H:O + aq ++ n(CaO.AluO: l.7SiO2.xHrOJ *
(a+ I - n)Q.{a2O.Al2O3) | 2(l * n)NaOH + aq
.],.1NaOH
\"11. nCaO.Al:O:.yH:O r l,iNa-SiOr + aq +'(ia0.Al1o3.1,7Sro1.rl[1r r r 1n -'
i )Ca(OH) + aq

VlU Ca(OH), + ltiarQQr .' CaCOr + 'lNaOH + aq

aq

lX nCaCOr - Nau O .\1.(lr + l{n i r}naO[] + aq .-

nCaO,\l.Cr.!l'lr0 r lNn.,COl + aq

X. Ca(Oil).'t NarSiOj I aq
- CaO.SiCr.xIlrO .2NaO[{ + aq

NIu6n hda tan thielr kat ph?n v..i t,rn tl,it Na'o i a \1.O. do phdn irng thir sinh gAt ra ii nho

rrnit..'.in phii Iroa tan tfong rirrit L.r ilirch n,'T nrhr!r] rh,eu k.:t phenl din di lat ii, loi ni,dt r.a thenh

phan ciia,juirg dich ah:minat phdi .iim lai, r'r:: hoa landuoc nhanh ch"rrg lil ..r nhtrng
"dieu
ki.n

l_rl
nd-v cin phai ;ic,linh d6i r, iii nr6! ic,,i .lring rd,lac dr€n iul3 vung bdng thuc :rglrirln. Niiirg iiiiu
kiOn chung Oe dlm b6o rj l€ rh't h6i Al,i), r,i NazO cao nhrr sau ( i):

L Nghi6n nh6 thi€u k5t phim vci rniro d6 c6 th6.

2. Ii lC R . L phai tuong fr! di dam bdc dung ,Jich sau khi hda tan hrirn lirorig AU-)r du6i
l00g/l hay ld trdn 3009/1.

3. Chi cho natri cacbonat khi hda tan nhanh thieu k6t phim nefelin.
4. Hda tan thi6u k6t ph6m bing Oung dich c6 o" th6p o 50 - 70"C.
5. Phni kluAy trQn nhanh dung dich hoic kli hda tan tlieo phuong ph6p nguoc ddng phdi d6
dung dich chiy qua nhanh, 'rdnh dmg lai cuc b9 vi n6ng do dung dich cao.
b. Hoa lar) khong !dm doi moi mdt ngoai cua cdc hat carr
7. Phin chia nhanh dung dich kh6i cin.
8. Ria cdn bing nudc n6ng (95 100"C)
Theo ! ki6n cria Malusev, di6u ki€n sau diy thuQc loai tfi€u ki6n chung: tr6nh vi€c ldm d6i

rndi be mdt hat cdn, bdi vi di€u niy lim cho c6c plli'n ftng thrl sinh ti6n hdnh nhanh hon. ldm tdng t6n
th6t Al2Oj vd Na2O. N6u didu d6 li th\rc thi khOng n€n k6t hqp viic hoa tan vir nghidn rrong ndl
nghidn bi, bdi vi khi d6 b€ mlt cic hat duq c ddi m6i li6n tuc. Thit ra b6y gio ngudi ta cfrng con nghi
ngb vd thuy6t cria Malusev, cho rdng khi hda tan thi€ii kiit pham chrla nhidu canxi octosilicat ndu cho

nari c€cbonat vio la c6 h4i. Nhu ching ta da biiit, d xuimg nhdm Vonkhov cho nhiiu natri cacbonar
khi hda tan thi6u k6t phim nefelin, cdn d Trung Quiic - thi6u ktit phAm boxit. Ctng cdn phii kidm tra
xem thuc t6 natri cacbonat trong dung dich c6 thfrc ilAy vi€c ph6n h6a C2S kh6ng, hay chi la b€ ngoai,

qua vi€c thric diy qu6 hinh khri silic.

(l) M.F.Malusev, ban cfuit tijn tai tht sinh sinh c a Al2O3 vd NalO kh xv l! thiAu kdt phAn aluruinat
bdng phuong phap thuy hoa hpc. luan an pho tidn si 105 5.

Y ki€n cia Malusev cho rdng, p 2CaO.SiO2 bi phAn hoa chir vdu do tdc dung Na1O.. da
'tia
dugc thuc te xuong alurnin l rung Quoc xac nhin. Hinh 92 la so do lLru rrinh hoa ran rhieu ket phim

cria Trung Qui5c. Vi€c hod tan thdnh hai giai doan cho phdp cin rin tach klroi phdn co ban cha durig

dich aluminar dam dric nhit. dung dich ndy phan hu," C2S nhanh rrhat. Diiu do ch<, phep nang hieu suit

rhu hoi AI:O ru R2 len 8600.

Trufc thdng I ndm 1956 ruorg nd1 (*) ding cic dung dich sau khi hoa tan co c. nam trcng

khoarrg l.J.: .r l. (ru d,r dd ha rhap o ru'ing l.15ra.uoi i

r,-i .i i.l:. triiu io llnr .ho hi€u
rns

suet thu h6i .\l,i), vio dung dich ring ldn Iien ti,rc: ru 86 l€n t6i 91..r?6. uon Na10 tir .il .q ldr] 9,1.89,;

lrr.,ng une r,,r,lierrdo. lrarn lLrolg \i.Lr Ironp crn siiin xuons ru rr iJ0 ru, n- s".,. Lon.ri.l
tiiu hao li rratri cacbonat gidnr nr,r': .,u ,ng lUUhpl alurninit h.rnc hoa.

' \'y nlo- 11,11.1i 1\l,tt t',).t;! l": ttp I't,.1, ,.\'D,.

l-rl
 , --."r,1r(r,{€F{rgt|ffim:;Hm

O r:udng dd xic dinh ring, viic ha lhip u." \udng 1,2 1.25 si iim cho cirn dd ling vi ldrn

chdl lai. K-h ir 1.4 tdtr se dan dir ,rc phong lcn.

Trucrc khi I$u silic, dung dich rhrni;rat chira 4gl SiO2, l20g'l Alroi. o* = l l5 kha ben vBng.

d6n n6i trong oin hXu rhu kh6ng co Al(oH).. rlic biet le kni cho th€m 0,3gll bot. Sau khi kfif silic
tinh 6n dinh cta dung dich giAm xu0rg. ldm cho riung dich tu phdn h6a, gdy t5n thdt AhO.. Ngoii
nhiing ri5n thdt niy, cr xucrng cdn g4p tro ng+r do kit rinh Al{OH). khi lgc dung dich dd khir silic tr€n

m6y lqc 6p. Mu6n loai tni nhiing r6n rh;t va tr6 ngai ndy. dung dich aluminat tru6c khi klir silic tlem
trQn vdi dung dlch cdi sau khi ph6n hoz,, tinh thd nio dd ndng cq l€n 1,35 - 1,40 (0 xud,rg dem mQt

phAn dung dlch aluminat khuiy phin h6a).

Thi6u k6t

Rria nguoc ddng

trong b6 ling gan

Dung dich c6 a =
1.,15 1,10

t)ung dich .:di khuir

fhan l-roa
 /linh 92; so tii irnt tr:nit itiu tqn thlju kit phau i xttrntg cia Trung QuOc

Di€u kien ttii uu ti6 hdaran thi6u kilt phim

j xuong Sor D6ng nhu sau; hdrr iuo:rg A11O' -

1209/1, Na2L'r.,"6 > 209/1, o"= 1.2 = 1,25. nhi€t dQ hda lan l5 80'C

tr5
T]I{L,IONG 12

KHTI SILIC CUA OUNC DICH ALUMINAT

Dung dich alurninat nh6n dugc sau kbi hoa lan thi€u k6t phdm Iuon luon chfa SiU-. Khi
nhtng didu ki6n khic kh6ng <16i, n6u ndng d0 aluminat rong dung dich cutji cing cang cao thi hdm
luong SiO2 cang lon. Trolg dung dich aluminat rr6ng d6 trung binh - khoAng l00g/l AI2O3 - chira

khonng 3 - 4gll SiO2, cdn trong c6c dung dich nong d0 Alu O: 250 - 300gll thi hdm luong SiOr l€a toi
16911. Hydrat nhsn dugc trong di6u kiQn dung dich nhu vAy s€ chua nhidu SiO2, vi vAy cfc dung dlch
nh6n duoc sau khi hda tan phdi tiiin hdnft khu SiO2.

Nhtng phuong phdp c6ng nghiQp dirng d6 kht SiO2 cta dung dich aluminat gdm:

1. Khri hong octola d 150 - 170'c.

2. Khli trong octola co thern v6iho{c cin tring.
3. Knu d r{p suAt thudng kh6ng c6 ch6t cho th€m.
4. Iftri d 6p su6t tbudng cho th€m v6i hodc ch6t phu gia kh6c.
Khti silic theo phuong phip cutii cirn g ngay cA khi o 100"C c[ng k6o ddi hdng mAy gid, vi vdy
it tluqc dlng bong san xuAt.

I. TiC DWG GI(IA DUNG DTCH NATM ALUMINAT V) NATM SILICAT

N6u cho dung dich ki6m silicat vdo dung dich aluminat thi kii dii ngu6i se c6 kiit t,ia

alumosilicat vd dinl hinh. Cdc dung dich kidm silicat vi aluminat c6 ndng dQ kh6c nhau, dun toi 70"C,

tlem r6t veo nhau, khuAy, gif trong 5 - 6 ngiy tl€m d nhi€t d0 niy, tung thoi gian ldy mdu ra phAn tich
(bing a5).

Bring 45

Hdm lugng SiO2 trong cac dung dich aluminat co nong d6 khac nhau, nhQn dttoc sau khi khuiil, toi
notri silicat o 7tC [11.

;.,-; I
Dung dich aluminat ban ilu2 grl
con lal.-;--- SaU i

Sioz cho
Ai2or, Na2O1, Na2O". them. g/l
1 2h 5 6 ngriy
'!l gI gl

1,9

i;t*l c 11.l

236
 --,,,cdrt...3*rffitlR

Trong cic thi nghiQm nay ta duo. c k6t tria dang tinh th€. Nhu da bi€t- klli khuay tr6n dung dich,

kh6ng phni tAt ci SiOz tl€u ling ra thanh alumosilicat vd kh6ng ph6i ling ra ngay l{p nic. Dung dich
cdng clim tlac thi SiOz cdn l4i trong dung dgch cdng nlii6u, cdn khi nung dung dich d nhi6t tlQ cing

cao vd ling cang l6u thi SiOu cdn lai hong dung dich cdng it. Nhirng didu nay th6 hien trdn hinh 91.

trong d6, khu vuc III tuong ung vdi dii:u kiQn ling ngay SiO2 du theo duong AB Nhfrng dung dich
nim gi{la ttuong AB vi AC thudc vio khu vqc lI khu vqc cdn blng gie. Khi dung dich tdi 70"C din

d6n l6ng ra Sio2 d cl4ng alumosilicat, t6i khi alat r6i cen b6ng. Tir dung dich chria khoing l00g/l Alrol
va 4 4.2gll SiO2 sarr 2 gio sC ridt ra khodng 0,2gll SiO-. Neu khong cho t1€rn chdr p1u gia thr dung

dich ndy vftng b€n khf l6u, khdng c6 thay cl6i ro r6t. ve hdm luong At:O3 vd SiO2.

+
.$

Al "tt, 9/l

tfinh 93; Su thay ddi hdn lvong SiO2 trong dung dich aluminat o 70"C phu thLic tao him lvottg
AlzO; t'ti thdi gian.

.18 sott I )h.

AC sau i 6h

t-,-
 Duong AC co thd ggi la dtrorg cin bing dtii vOi SiOl rrong dung dich o 70'C: phra duoi
tluong ndy (khu ryc I) c6c dung dich chua bdo SiOl r'a vi vdy cdn c6 khd ning hoa tan SiO2, vi drr tri
cdn [-hi hoa tan thi€u k6t phim.

Du6i tl6y ld hdm luong SiO2 trong dung dich aluminat co nong tl6 k-h:ic nhau nh6n duoc khr

hda tan thi6u k6t phim nefeli4 d 70"C, ding c6c dung dich d hdm lugng Na2O khdc nhau dd hoa tan

theo tinh to6n cir 0,5mol Na2O" cho lmol Al2O3 trong thi6u ttit phAm.

Al2o3,9l 224 208 104 70 5t

% 1,39 | 1g I 35 141 14) 1,11

OT 1,56 t,66 I 5R 1,70 1,65 | 4S

sior,g^ 13,6 tz,4 4,0 1,8 I,l 0,2

'Fs(AlzOg:SiOz) l6 t7 26 39 100

Nhang thi nghiem ndy cfrng chri,ng td r[ng, SiO, tt thieu kiit phdm phan h6a tan vAo cdng
nhiiu, khi dung dich aluminat sau kli hoe tan caag ttim cl!c. Nhfrng thi nghiGm vd hda tan thi€u ktit

phirn boxit vd p - C2S s4ch bing c6c dung djch alurninat cfing c6 k6t quri tuong ty. K6t qia nhitng thi
nghiQm niy n€u t€n hinh 94.

2. TH)NH PH,N TI,i TiUn CuiT CUA KET TUA NATN ALUMzSILICAT
TIET MTVDWG DICH
Trong c6c tai IiQu c6 nhfng j kiiin tr6i nguo. c nhau vC thanh phAn cia k6t tua tiiit ra khi t6c

dqng gifra cic dung dqch aluminat vd silicat.

Theo Diatrkov, Iscoldski vd Gromov thi nhirng k6t tua nhu v6y kh6ng c6 thAnh phin 6n dinh,

di6u d6 chung td trong khi tao thdnh chring c6 <l6c tinh h6a keo. Kumacov, Berg vd Sbesnicov xdc
nh6n ring, cen kdt tinh tiiit ra tu dung dich tl6 nung n6ng trudc c6 thanlr phin gdn roi cong thuc
NazO.Al:O:.2SiOz.2HrO. Vi€c nghi€n criru pecmutit nhan duo. c khi dd cdc dung dich nong aluminat ra
.ilsicat o 100"C dd dua ddn kil luin nhu riv. Khi duns dich dar ddn can bang. ler rua co rh€ cor rrhLr
ddng nhir vd thanh phdn gAn gi6ng xeolit NalO.Al;Oj.nll]O. frong cdc dung dich kiem manh chung
con h6p thu NaAlO2, t4o thdnh c6c chdt grring vrri rcdalit -(NasAllSiOs).2NaAlOr.FIrO [21.

t.l8
 o

.!] tt; t;, .t.:/;

ilr Abor. g;1

Hinh 91: Anh hutng cia n6ng do c.lung dich qluminat ddn han luqng SiO2 trong dung dich niy. l khi

tdc dtlng dung dichnatri aluminat v6i natri silicat:2. khi hda tan thiAu k phdm nefetin. J khhoa
tan f 2CaO - SiOz; 4. khi hda tan thi1u kit phdm boxit

Cau rruc cua ktlr tua phu rnuoc vdo thoi gian tac dung ra ndng d0 cua dung dich ban diu. Luc
ddu ling ra cin v6 tlinh hinh, cdn khi ling l6u chring chuyiin thanh k6t tinh.

Strocov, Mu.xiacov. procophev [3] cho ring th?rnh phin mol cua hgt tua nh6n tlugc t:hi tro,r
c6c dung dich NaAlOu vri NarSiOt n6ng tuong img vdi cong thtic:

5(NarO.AhO:.2SiOr). 2NaAlO, (0 - l)Na2O.nH2O

lheo Lileev (+), nr c6c dung dich aluminar qua bdo hoa natri silicar. sili. chi tidt ra
j clang

alumosilicat phfc t4p, phin co biin cia n6 li Na?O.AlzOr. 2SiOz. Tr)y tbeo moi trudng, silicat niy s€

srlt nhqp vdi alumiiat du cta dung dich hoac vdi silicat du. Trong truong ho.'p ditr kdt tua sau khi rua

ruuoc tuong ung v6i c6ng thuc:

5(Nau O.AITO:.2SiOu ). NarO.Al:O,', nHzO

( on rrong trrorp. hop rhu hai:

0'{a:O.Al:Or.2SiOz) n SiOr.PH:O

.' l.,S.l ilept. t,tl tro (Lld ' i' trt rg.lun trinh ',in rhat oluntitt luqn tn ticn 'r lvlv

C0ng co 1r. ki6n ch,: ring. khi trong durig dich aluminat c6 m6t s6 mu6i (natri cacbonat. ratri

sunfat. nalri clcruaj rhi khi khLi silir :€ 1qo thi)nh rodalit srin phim k€t h,rp crla niLrdi na1 '''oi natli

alurnosilicat Co thii Jnng tii6rr nil rl€ gidi thich hion ltlong gidm nr-nh li€t hdrn luolg natri strntit
trtng dung dich alulninat khi he\a t.rn boxit trong octola. l-r.rn.s cin do lhai. ratri suirlal bi giu'lrLi tlonS

thanh phdn xodalit: NalO.Al1J.2)iO: n,\arSLr, miIrO

ll!)
 [)d kht naEi sunfat hoac natri ci,-'n]a l:]roi ilLrng dich alurrinat 'xij sin ruit alurrin thec,

phLrong phap rhierr ldt. ca'n rd.ng chua nhie: .unlal lr,-,fc clorua k}ong .ho quir\ \c rlrrdu kdt nfa. ma

dem ddn nhilng xudng kh6c c,in cric hc'p chdt na1. vi du rujng thtl tinh.

Trong dung dich aluminat, xodalit hda un it hon alumosilicat. Thi nghidrn chLrng to rang, khi
cho ih€m natri cacbonat, vi€c khir silic crla <iung dich s€ t6t hon. do tao thanh xodaht

7Na2Al2Si03.2NaAl02.mNa2CO3.nH2O.

Natri cacbonat hAp phu o cdn d6 rtia bing nuoc nong ld c6 thd quay lai qurl trinh khdng cin phii rua
natri cacbonat.

Natri alumosilicat tao.thenh khi khir silic dugc viiit bing nhftng c6ng thfc khdc nhau vi s'i
lugng nu6c vi rj s6 gita Na2O, AlrO3, SiO2 r,i HrO. Khi nahi alumosilicat tic dung v6i nudc sC tao

thanhc6cdr]ngdich'ren_xeoIit_v6ihdmluongriurtckh6cnhautr}ytheonhiftd6.n6ngdotitrng
dich vd cdc di6u kiOn khic.

D6i v6i c6c hydrat tinh th6 vi dp NazSOr.lOHrO trong d6 d s6 mol gita nu6c vi mudi qiia
chfrng Li c6c s6 trdn, vi& khri nudc khi nung n6ng tiiin hnnh theo twrg bic vd lu6n lu6n bi kht hai

phrin tu nudc mQt d nhiQt el$ 6n dfnh. Pecmutit cflng nhu xeolit thi€n nii6n, bi k]rn nuoc li€n firc khong
dung d nhigt d0 ndo. Vifu khri nudc crie c{n trring khi khrl silic c[ng viy cho n€n n6 ld dung dich rin
cia cria nu6c trong alumosilicat. Vi v$y, khi nghi€n cr?u cfn tding, ta th6y $ sd mol crla nudc so loi
cic thrinh ph6n kh6c trong cin treng li khic nhau.

. T! sii gita NarO, Al2O3 vd SiQ trong cin tring kh6ng 6n dinh ld do tinh chit hdp phu giy
n€n. Na2O vd Al2O3 trong cln thuong chua nhi€u hor so v6i cdng thric Na:O.AlzO:.2SiOz,nH2O- vi
alumosilicat rin tiiip xric ldu v6i dung dich aluminat sc hdp phu natri alumiant. Thdnh phdn cia

alumosilicat sau khi khuAy lOph dung dich aluminat vi silicat sd c6 hdm lugng silic cao hon so v6i
hdm lucrng silic trong cAn tring, thdng thuong li Na2O : Al2O3 : SiOz = 1, 1, 1.t.

Khu6y lOOrnl dung dich aluminat vrr ig ket tr'ra rii rua vd s6y 6 100"C sau I ng?ry d€m ta

duoc c6c s6 li€u sau:

AlrO.. e/l Na:O. g/i l rong luorg ridng

I rong dung dich ban dAu

.ll rq l 1.0446

-l'rone
dung dich sau

khi thi nghiQrn L 8,9 1 8- I I,0.1 I l

Khi hor ran ket tua.au khi rlrr ngtrr.nr ;rAnq,llln-{,lieh \laCr}l thi dune rlich k€i;ua bi nrar

1,1,,.', :rh iiu hon SiO,.

t.f 0
 Khi nghi€rr criu dO hlrx tan cLra nairi alumo:ilical trong cdc dung diclr NaOll. nalri cactonat va

natri aluminai- Daslavski. Pexin va kar,din di di den nhnng ket ludn sau:

L Trong dung dich ratri cacbonat, 116 hda tan c0a alumosilicat thdp hr,'n nhiiu so voi dung drch
NaOH.

2. Trong dung dich h5n hnp cria Na2CO3 v6i NaOH d0 hda tan crla alurnosili,.at rhap hon trong
dung dich NaOH, nhung cao hcm trong dung dich NarCO:.

.l. Khi teng him luolrg NaOH ti s6 Al2Or : SiO2 trong dung dlch gidrn xLr6ng rd rdt.

D6 hda tan cria natri alumosilicat trong dung dich natri cacbonat nho l?r do tao thinh xodalit.

Theo Buxugina vd Lileev (+), d9 hoa tan cria Al2O3 ho4c SiOz (y g/l) tu alumosilicat $ l€

thudn v6i him lugng Na:O trong ki6m (x - g/l) trong pham vi 100 340g/l NarO hodc y = kr (hinh
95). Theo Lileev tj' sti ndy ld ci' dinh, didu d6 n6i.l€n miii lien k6t h6a hoc cia alurnin vd silic oxit hda
tan ftong kiAm. Eidu nay, Malusev [4]. khi nghi€n cLru $ s6 mol Al2Or ; SiO2 trong dung dich

alum;nat cflng dc cap tdi.

(*) I.S.Lileey h6a hoc vd ld rhudt alumin, 1940, I44.

t'I
I
I
I
r
5 I
i
t"

o
I, H1'
|
,l l. , -.L,' -t'z

'-!'':::)-- --: .#*r+o

//!l t+0 tE} ;4tj -.r-
:bt/
NarO"' gri

Ifinh 95. inh huongcia nong dQ NaOH din t iic hia tan alunn.silicctt:

Trong dung dich NaOH nguoi, alumosilicat hoa tan r6t chirn, khi nung toi 15"C, sau I gio s€
dat toi gi6i han hda tan cira alumosilicat. Leiteizen dd nghi€n cf,'u cin bturg hoan todn cua alumosilicat

voi dung dich aluminat <r 98'C. Thi nghi€m chung td rdng. hdm luong Sit-), ra q si silic trong dung
rlich aluniinat chri y6u do hiur luong AlzO. xdc dinh: dnh huorg cria a" khi do rdl nh,,,

ai6c dung dich alumirat rr rhd mdv luOn lu6n chua NalO-".5, dali khi tnr(ic lic kht'l silic ccr,

iho th€m vdi. Trong nhiug trutng ho.? nr) si kat rrnh ra alnrrrosilicat co tlrAnh phiin ki6c nhau khi

hrin-r lucrng cdn bdng cira S iO, trong dung dich khiic nhau.

:4i
J. I?1ar,\G iltE' KIEN At;H Ht,'(tNG DEN TOC nO r.4 UtiC p0 t:ttt
SILIC
Anh hrrong cia nhiQt if.Q (6p su6t)

loc Jo t hu silic phu thuoc chu y.u rao riec nung. nong Jung dich. nhu
'o lieu o bang -t6 lJl.

Cir mdi gam SiO2 k€t rua ra sd m6t tg elto, r'd khodng 0,8g Na2O.

Bang 16

inh htrdng cit nung nong ddn viic khtr silic cita dung dlch aluminat c6 a, : I,6 sau 2h.

Thanh phdn dung d!ch, gl p51 (qi s6 trgng lugng

Ap suAt, at SiOr cdn lai, 9l
Ahor/Sio:
AlzOr

99.',7 3,2 I 2,1 41

101,6 3,0 3 0,6 165

101.8 ,R 5 n4 270

99,0 1q 1 0,2 402

107,8 )q 9 0.3 4M

Hdnr lugmg ban dAu cia SiO2 trong dung dich kh6ng inh huong d{in mirc tlQ khri silic, mric 116

khiL silic do il6 hoa tan cia n6 quy€t dinh thinh 96). Nhung h)m luong SiOz cdng lcm thi t6n th6t

{12O1 ra Na O ru dung dich cang nhidu.

'l i t,' :: .',

!lit;it ,tc. f,tur],tg ,l,.'ng rl,t i,rrr ,Ltn,! .t::r:,:i ): !r':tl ,ittnF,.iir:h tlttr,tin,,L

t+l
 Theo B.Kh.Svaaman va N. r \',,1.,^ j tdnq nhrl.t do khu,rhctir 1j6 150.,C hiu nhLL kirinq
inh huong t,ii p5; cu6i cung trong dun[ ii;ih c6 o. cao nhLmg khi khLi silic cua clung ilich crl *" ihip (-.
1,35) sc c6 ktlt quri d6i chft. Llho thdm cdn dd vao dun;: clich aluminat darn dic sd anh hudng t6t din
vi6c khu silic. Vi du, khi ktrri silic khdng cho chit phu liia thi p5; : .150. neu eho thenr lugr I cin do thr
p5, tlat rl€n 650; ti6p tuc tnng cia do trong dung dich s6 rh6ng inh huung tldn viec khu s-rhc cing rheo
tdi li€u ndy, n€u t5ng n6ng d6 Sio2 trong dung dich ban ddu c6 n6ng d6 b6t kj's€ ldm rdng p51 sau khi
khir silic, ciic tac giit giiti thich ring d6 ld do t4o ra mot sii l6n c6c rrung rdm ket tinh hoat tinh Nguoi
ta cing dd x6c dinh rnng, huy6n phi: alumosilicat tao kli ling dung dich trudc lLic khLi silic s€ co tric
dung nhu c6c mem kCt tinh ho4t tinh hon so vdi,cdn b.6ng, nhdn dugc sau 3 gio d I70"C. N6u sau khi
khu silic co cho th€m cin tring p5, cua dung dich birrg 1a0. rhr cdng rrong didu kr€rr rrhu vay nhrng
cho thdm huydn phii alumosilicat thi Fsi se tang len tr'6n 400, p5; cring r6ng l€n kl i khudy bun sau ktri .

kh* silic. Dii duoc c6c dung dich de kiri silic c6 p5, cao, Svarxman vi volcava d€ nghi nhu sau: Jiing
dung dich aluminat tru6c khi khri silic trong vdi gid vd k-hu6y birn sau khi kht silic trong vdi gio, cdn
ci,, thin qud trinh khir silic tidn hdnh d 200 250"C. Nhung chring ta ctng nhan th6y ring gi6 thdnh
ctia alumin trr;ug,,l"rrng didu kiQn nhu viy s€ t6ng l€n r;hi,\,;.

D6i v6i dung dich chria 80 - l00g/l Al2O3 v6i c" = 1,5 phdn co ban SiO2 kdt trla ra du6i dang
alumosilicat trong gid dAu ti€n ngay cd khi 6 106"C, nghia ld d dp su6t thucrng:

Thdi gian khri silic, h .2 t2 15

SiO2 cdn lai trong i

dung dich, g/l 5.8 0,87 0,7 0,64 0,2s 0,22

Mric d6 khri silic, % 0,0 86,0 88,6 89,5 95,5 96,0

N€u cdc dung dich aluminat ddrn ddc hon, dic bi€t ld trong dung dich co it Na,O"."s thi vi€c
khri silic bi chdm lai. Vi du, ti dung dich ban driu 200g/l Al,{ )r, j0g/l Na2O"".b, 11,8g/l SiO2 rrong gid
ddu chi khf duo-c 2,5g/l SiO2, nghia lii 2l%; n6u teng hem iuo:rg Na,r.r len d€n 80g/l rhi cr]ng tron1,
dung dich nhu vdv sau m6t gid tu durg dich ban ddu chria 12,1g.r1 SiOl chi con lai 2.89/1, nghia li,_ri

bi klli di 77%.

Anh huriug cia v6i cho th6m

Idc dung cr]a vdi khi khn silrc lii dua veo Ju trao ddi cation ror alumosilicar tiet rr. tro ,u do

',n natrr ,l'r", nar the bin: r,'r .,ir,l rhrnh phin crrrri rlrrr.. ,ilt.:rr tr^ng .lr, ,r.rr." I,l ir .trl
CaO AllO3.1.7SiO..nH'O. Do dii ricl hoa lau trong duug dich aluntinat cr'ra n6 nho. rlio ndn kl cri voi
riec klrLr rl'. "c rit h,'n. l'.h i Jn ron rl..it NL.O lr,ng cin rrar:,.: nh,,lrorr c,rn rin:lt,r \.., ;r, hun
Vrin de la r', h'.. niu cho ror Jtr Jc .rec lhu;ili. ,!uoc tot lrr ,i din toi ricr ra .arrrr .1lum rrr noilm
nuiii:cirnIriri a]r rr,r:ilic.rt l-lrinq.ljch alri$inrt cans dirn cliruthirjn rh.ii \l{, tir lr lr, i \rrr,.,r_!.r

f ,t I
 ' . .!r":',6q*HHiii$mllx

luolg SiO2 carrg lcrr. Khj khLi sii:o ctj;i ,lug .ricir d6m ddc s€ tr6i ra cac dung dich rirn gOnr carrxi

aluminat neam nrroc va natri alumos Iit:r. ciiirr r:a-r giii thich vi s3o taxg ton tirit {lrol

Di,ng thcri t6n thit NazO c6rg tari!r l6n gin bing t6n th6t khi khrir siiic ki6ng cho th€m v6i.
Dung rlich aluminat cing ddrn tlac thi NaoFI tiolg du'rg dich cing nhidu vd viec khir silic cdng kim.

DiAu ndy hoin todn tu,mg ung voi tinh chdt thuan nghich cua vigc trao diii ion cria pecmutit

Na:O.Al:O:.i TSialr.nHlo + ca(oH)2 "''

e CaO..Al,O1.l,7SiL)r + 2NaOH

Nhu vly cho.th€m v6i vdo khi khir silic cta dung dlch aluminat d6m dic thuc ra khdng thuc
diy c qu6 frinh khri silic vd kh6ng giim t6n thAt ri€ng vd Na2O, md lai lam teng tdn thit Al-1t
ttuo.

Theo l,ileev, tric dgng t6t crla vdi chi ttrii hi9n khi khri silic cta c6c dung dich co n6ns ,1j khung cao

quri 130 - l40g/l a.!ro'

E6i v6i\ dung dich c6 n6ng <tQ 8 8,291 Alror, 12,4gll NarO","6, 199,69ll Na2Ol vd 3,8691 Sior'

vi€c khri silic d i30"C c6 cho th6m nhirng lugng v6i kh6c nhau tlat duoc cdc k6t qui sau:

CaO cho them, 9l 0 15 20

Modun silic 1.10 ) 185 188 385 413

TOn th6t Al2or, % 2,1 6,2 6,4 .10,7 10.1

Anh huang cria cfn tring

Vi€c khu silic cua dung dich c6 cho them can tring cung vdi v(ii sc t6t htnr ngay ci khi cdn

ludn luu nhi€u l5n vd trong cin khdng co v6i tu do

Khi ludn luu nhii:u Lin thinh phin cdn tring ddn din tha1 d6i, s€ gidu th€m AL2O1. Na20' Siol

\a nghao b(n cao

TOn tn6t tiem vd ddc bi€t ld Alror khj khu silic cho th€m cin trang s€ giam ,li ho,n .n v.vi khi

th€m vdi.

Dua v:ro nhung tiri li0u thu thdp duoc co lhi drra ra nhirng ki5t luAn sa-

L Khi kht sriic .:r-ra ,lung dich,-o chl tbiur cir irang s€ giinr t6n tliiit ,{l ra N.r]{i) 11 :" silru
'Jr
cua dung dich tdng ldn.

Cdc rlung dicir co O s6 ki€m cr'i. c.' i.!,. l.i) vii 2,1 thi khi cho th€m voi hodc cho thim cdn

rr;ng\ricklril !lic cins khone t'i1 c^n iitrttg dich co a1 l,l,khia.= 1.5 thi "iec khu silii sd

t6t.

f lJ
ffi*F**"u t''' t'

[i6c dung dich co nL) g rlc .lfg:! .'\l;O1 ',I car,, iron. Ci cho them car, :ring lr rr eho rhern ,,i

vi€c khu silic ctng khing rr-,r

Cdn til.trg khdng bi r.rii kha nAng lam tr',r qui rrinh klru srlic sau 10 15 ldn lirrin lu'u, nhu vA1

ld ci' th€ dirng mdi.

L T[ng nhi6t dd tu 130 i50'C sE ldm 16t vric khu sr]ic cua dungdiclr ci til l00 l20gll Al;Or.
6. Cdn trdng kh6ng giirp it cho vi€c kiri rilic khi nung dung dlch tdi nhi€t d6 sdi trong khdng khi
Khir silic cho th€m cdn trirg sc lqi h,m khi cho th€m v6i. md vi€c tha1, th6 vdi bang can ring
s€ giam tdn th6t Al2O3 vd NazO vd ning cao modun silic.

Anh hu&ng cria natri cacbonat

Trong dung dich alunrinat, natri cacbonai se th[c dAy viQc ti6t ra torin b6 SiO: do tao thAnh
xc.dalit. Thi nghi€m v€ khLi silic cia cdc dung dich co hdm luqng 76 80e/1Alro3. 2,9 6,lgll Siol
khi c. = 1,4 - vi vdi him luong natri cacbonat kh6c nhau khi soi ngoai kh6ng khi trong l5h dd
1,5

chrng td ring (hinh 97, dtrong l). khi trong dung djch cdng nhidu natri cacbonat thi cdn lai cAng it
SiO, [5J. C[ng thi nghiQm vo-i c6c dung dich ndy nhung cho th6m 20!l CaO vd k]ri q: 1,2 - 1,4

chLrng td ring; trong dung dich c6 5gll Na2O*6 con lai t6t ci 0,15gll SiO, (hinh 97, duong 2), nghia ld
cfrng gi6ng nhu dung dich l80g/l Na2O.."6 kh6ng cho th€rn vdi.

<!'

r-{
oll

v)
llit
0 l0 405060 80
I'i30
1?0 1 50 160 200
Na:Ocart.

il'nh 9- .\r rhq ltii hlut iit,tt:g .\iO; t ong Llung dich stu khi khi silic: phu ihu,lc ,'ic hint lucnt
It.O,,,,;

/;h6rg cho:hin voi

ci;o rlii'tt 1Cg.:i Cu0

.,1 i
 lihi dung dicii duo-c iim qiiu :i't 40F.,1 i\ a,i).o.b, ilru khi k}u silic, hanr luoirg SiL)r trong dung
circh ting l€n d6n 0,24gll; ft$i 1i'1g 1,rr1g de dung di,"h Jen E0g'l l.la2O"-6 thi SiO2 trong dung dich

giirn xu6ng 0.2gl1, ntlu.ti6p iuc iSig llern lugn€, narri cacbonat thi him lucmg SiO vin gin nguldn nhLr

v{y. O ndng dA n0 - D5g4 Na20.,"6, rigc khri silic kJrdng cho th6m vOi cdng nhu co cho th€m r'6r
d6u duoc dung dlch c6 n6ng d,i SiO2 nhu nhau. nbung d i 80gr'l NarO"*r dung dich kh6ng cho v6i dem

khu silic tiit hon so vdi cho th0m voi. p1x6sr grii rhi,"-h hinh dang tluong cong 2 (hinh 97) ta phii xenr
tdn th6t Na2O cirng v6i cin vdi.

Lhi trongdungdjchcol8.5g/l Na20.,,6 rhi lhi khisilicmdr0.3lgNa.,O"h., ig Sit)2 ti€t ra. so

voi 0,52glg SiO2 trong cdng thric NauO.AlzOr-2SiOz.nHrO thi nh6 hon nhidu. Con hr dung dich chua
l82,5gll Na:O*"u t6n th6t kidm toi 0,829:g SiOr, lon hon nhi€u so vci thinh phAn natri alumosilicat.
Tt d6 ta th6y r6ng tong trudng hop ddu c{n tring giim h6n hqp natri vA canxi alumosilicat, cdn trong

truong hop tht hai chri y€u li xotlalit.

Su thay tl6i tiin thfu Ahor chrmg td tliiu 116. Tr'r dung dich c6 n6ng .16 l8,5gn NarO-"r klri

khrl silic s6 mit 2,129 Al2O3 cho 1g SiOz, cdn khi lS2,5gll Na2O.,.5 - t6ng cqng tg AlrO3, gin voi

thdnh phin cria xo<lalit trong cl6 chfa 0,859 Al2Or cho lg SiOz. Trong truong hgp sau luong Al2O3 du

sC ndm trong thenh phdn aluminat ng{m nu6c. Ei6u n}y c[ng giii thich riing trong c6c dung dich chLi,a
it xoda tdn th6t AlzO3 s€ cao.

Anh hu6mg cna KOH

Trong,c6c dung dich aluminat nhan duo. c khi xri l! nefelin, Ioxit vd cac tlit dri chia kali kh6c

ludn c6 KOH. C6c dung dich nhu vly vi€c khrl silic s€ k6m hon so voi dung dich natri cacbonat s4ch.
C6 ld trong trudng hqp niy do vi€c tao thdnh hgp chrit tuong tu nhu xodalit gay kh6 k}dn cho vi€c khu
silic.

'l rong dung dlch cdng nhieu Na2O-.6 thi anh h Lrirng crla KOH diin vi€c khu silic cang nh6,
rhung lhi nong d0 NazO-.0 lronS dung dich khdng lin ldm rhi su c6 mal cua KuH si Ibm ch,' nonp

d6 SiOl trong dung dich sau khi khu silic tdng l€n.

Dtra viio nh0ng di6u dd n6i o tr€n c6 thd dua ra nhiing k0t luin sau ddy:

L t ac dung dich chua l20c I r i,;c kh& silic ;e 'A' | 'ung dich cang dam dd. ii .^ .ilr. cra dung
dich sau khi kh[r silic cdng nho.
i.'-ung dung dich tdi gioi han luorg urg t iri ip .:rat 'i I2at s€ ldm nhanh r ici khrr si1lc r:i quii
rrrnh khu s€ t6t hon.

H,rm luong cao ru,r ir, I Irun! dung di.h ban da,r .h,'ng inh hu,'ng J.in \ ., . 1 . .,ro' -irng.
nhung tcn thdi Al n. .a \,r r I (e tatlp lheo. {n ir;n.'.
-1. Khi khr; .ilic :ua cic ,1Lrng diih .:hfa it-'() il0r I .\1"{f-. cho thinr r,li klrLr.:nr I 0g I s€ du'c,
cic dung ilich sach hLrn. Khr do ton ihdt ilf,.r , ! ia'r, lr mot it. con ton that AIrOr ring lin. (,un
 cac dun! dich dam ddc hr;ir kii khu silic cho th€m vOr thr ton thdt ALor ring l€n .hiiLr ri tl
s6 silic cLla dung dich dn khir silic giin di chiir ir. Nhiing dung dich nhu vay khi khu si|c cho
th€ni riri tiri kh6ng co loi.

5. Khi thav th5 vdi bing can rring sd ring modun silic cua cic ilung dich ila khu silic vd giam t6n
thdt AlzO. vd Na2O dr kid nhi€u. Tric dung tich cuc cua cdn tring kh6ng bi mdt di sau nhrdu
ldn tuin hodn. Cdn tring chi c6 anh huong rot khi klru silic o nhidt d6 tir ll0 d6 trd l€n va d6i
toi dd khLr :ilic ror khi dung r o,

6. v6i vd cdn tr6ng se rhric ddy vi6c khri c6c sd alumainat chta i20-130 g/l AIrO3 . trong clo

khdng c6 ho[c c6 it natri cacnonat. Khi dd chua nhi€u natricacbonat n6u cho th€m cin trine
va nhi8u v6i sC tdng tdn thit NarO ma vt€c khri silic ki6ng t6t hon.
7. natricacbonat trong dd aluminat sE tim cho vi€c khir silic t6t hon, cdn Koh ldm cho vi6c kjru
silic kem hon. Khri silic trong mdy kiudy gidn don chi thu duoc k€t que r6t ddi voi d c6 n6ng
d6 Al,O3 khdng cao, cdn d6i v6r dd chfa nhidu narricacbonar ho4c natri sunfat thi phni khudy

dd rrong ilr r idc klru srlic rnoi co hietr qtrd.

Mu6n khri silic o nhi€t dd cao phdi dung octola co cau rao tuong tu nhu octola dd hodn tan boxit-
Vi€c khu sllic trong octola c6 thd giln doan , hodc li€n tuc.'fh6ng thudng vi€c khir slic d c6c
xuong theo kidu gidn doan . nhung gdn da1 o .',uong lichvrn tlung phuong phrip liOn tuc tjdn b6
hcm.

Mutin khu silic o 6p su6t thuong di)ng tti t<hu6y Udt ti.

lll
CFTLIONG i3

CACBONAT IJOA DUNG DICH ALL]MINAT

I f nghia vd thtc chAt ctla qua trinh.

Alumin sdn xu6t ra tiit hay xiu ld phg thu6c vio ch6t tuong cua h-vdrat, ch6t lucrng na1 do so

luqng tap ch6t vi alo hat quy6t dinh. Ctrit tu,mg hydrat phu thuQc vd.o d6 sach cua dung dich aluminat
vd didu ki€n cacbonat ho6 : dung dich alunrinat cdng s4ch thi thi khi cacbonat ho6 ta aluoc hydrat cdng

sgch, nhmg trong nh&ng didu kiQn thich hap qu6 trinh cacbonat ho6 c6 th6 ti6t ra m6t phin hydrat ch6t
lugng cao ngay tri dung dich chira nhiiu tap chit. cdn n€u diAu kigr cacbonat ho6 khdng thich hqp thi
ngay ci khi dung dung dich aluminat sach cdng co thd duqc nidm hydroxit chat luong thAp.

Khi dung dich aluminat b6o hoir khi CO rhr hr dung dich tidt ra Al(OH). Nhiiu nguoi cho ring
tl6 lA vi6c trung hod NaOH:

2NaOH + CO) Na2COj + H.O (XIII-i)

Khi giriLrn dung dich aluminat tro ndn khdng 6n dinh vdph6n ho6 gi6ng khi ktruiy phin hoa []:
NaAIO, + 2HrO = Al(Ott3 +NaOH Q(nr-2)

Theo Mazel, cu5i lirc cacbonat ho6 alumirat hoA. tan tiic dqng trgc tiep voi CO2 0reo phdn ung:

2ry2,q1(t, + co2 + 3Hzo = 2Al(oH)-. + Nazco: (xlll-l)

Lileev (I ) cho ring khi COz hod ian trong nudc tao thinh axit cacbonic, axit cacbonic t6c dung
d6ng thdi v6i NaOH vd aluminat:

2NaOll + HzCO; + nc = Na2CO3 + nc, (2) (xu-1)

2Na-41O. + ilrCOr r nc -.- Na2CO; + lAl(OH)3 + nc (Xllt-5 )

Phim Lmg t.1o thdnhnhdm hydroxit dang hu6xg. ta quy uoc k_r hi0u lA A(Ot03 {dh) N6 tlrLLirng

rhoat ra kii o'.it hoa dung dich aluminat. \lrorn hrdrorit ding hu,-nr. l,,c moi riel ra rit h^.rt rrnl-. ,i
t6c dung voi NaOII tu do v) lai bi hoi tan

.\ltt)H):, r,,r-NaOll-r(: - N:i\101 'nc , r,l ll-6 )

Vi viy khi thoi khi C(), vdo. l[c clriLr i.hdne rao ra hldroxir,rna chi giinr him lrcmg \.r-{:r, ',a
tanll hdm lunne Nd,) ".. (uii turre 'liet, h r,lrn toi thui phan Jrtrirrrr. rcl !llJ Ia lJp lmrp d.rrr.,l r. '
qLr_v uoc Id FIAIOl) trong rlung dlch:

,:.irr -)c \.trH ILU(: r.. , _., 1, i

t48
=-
Sau d6 mdi kdt tinh h.droxit:

llAlO, +rc - Al(aJH)r (xil r 8)

-N
li
tu\
ffifran
Ifinh 98. Cac drdng cacbonat hoa: 1. Hdm lrong Al2O3; 2 Hdm luong Nay')., 3. a,, I, II, I,

IV ccic giai doan cacbonat hda.

Nguoi ta quy uoc chia qu6 trinh cacbonat ho6 thdnh 4 giai doan [1]. Giai doan mor tn diu d6n

hic dung <iich ti6t ra Al(OtI):, hdm iusng NazO" vd a. girim li€n tuc rldu ( hinh.98, tluong 2 vd 3). Giai

doan 2 - hAm luong A12O3 trong dung dich girim (duong I ) con d. tdng (duong 3) mit di hdm luong

Na;O. giam. Giai doan 3 khong tr6t ra nhorn hldloxir nfa. a. giim xuong toi gioi han phu rhuou

rdo nong do va nhi€r do cua dung dich. Khi tlal toi gi6i h4n niy s€ bir diu giai doan 4: giarn Na2O. ra

a. bit ddu tiiit ra Al(OlI)3. Vi€c chia quil trinh cacbonat hoi thdnh 4 giai doan nhu vdy khdng cri co
su. crirrg co rhi can , ao nhing kdr qui do I:r ( hia qua tr inh cacbunal hod rhanh
Lr r
'd giai doan bar kr .
 Ilinh 99. Truy\ d6i him ln;ng .,ll20;, Na2(.), t i tt.,, trong dung dich khi cocbonat hda o nrr,mg. -r-
thi nghi4nt sd l; -a- thi nghi€m s(, 2, --a- thi nghitm so 3

Moi d6.y, Jevnovatri [5] cho ring, hong c6c b€ cacbonat hbi d xuong. nong d9 Al2O3 trong dung
dich it ho6c hodn toin kh6ng thay d6i trong klrodng l5ph tlAu, trong tdt cd cdc thoi gian con lai khi
cacbonat hod him lucmg Al2O3 va Na2O. giirn xu5ng lien ruc ra ddng diu, khdng rhdnh trmg bdc
(hinh 99).

Chi khi chuydn khi CO2 vdo kh6ng rtdu, tj, s6 costic moi giao dQng trong gidi han lon (thi
nghi€m s6 l, hinh 99). Trong c6c b€ cacbonat ho6 d xudng ry sii, costic thucmg gift d 1.5, nhung khi

ti6t ra nhOm hydroxit thi d" =1.7. Chi d thdi kj, cu6i cua cacbonat ho6, khi rrong dung dich cdn lai t6t

cn 3 - 4{l AlrOr, I s5 costic mdi giim nhanh xu5ng tdi gi6 tr! nno hon I ( theo Jevnovatri).
Jevnovatri cho ring, khi cacbonat ho6 theo phuong phdp N. N. Ruban (l) ta s€ dugc c6c dung dich c6
t! s6 thip ( nh6 hcrn 1).

Pazukhin [2] eho ran& t6c dqng cia khi CO2 la giAm manh n6ng dg vA hoat rlp cria Otl-:

OFf+COu-HCOr- (XIII-9)

OH-+ HCOi = HrO + CO3'?' (xrrr-i0)

ViQc gi6m n6ng dQ vi hoat .16 cic ion hydroxit se d5n tdi vi€c gitm m?nh t6c d6 polime ho6 c6c
ion nhdm phric c6 trong dung dich do tao thdnh nh6m hydroxit kiit tinh.

L{rnh l0{J thaT doi plt cia dung dich khi car i'onat hria theo t16 licim .ll,rt); :r'ong dung ilich r. t

't i 8r(-',.

iiongc6ngtrinhcuaminh.,l,:rnc'ralri il5 duer la d€ n.i,hi vi suth,r\,J,i n..rr-,f.i. u.r ion h,rd;,rrit

k]r i recbonat hod bdng cich ric ilinh Ph tua riLrng diL:h kiri cacbonat hodr hinh lilO j l-lr Cuotlo -(rng

250
 ||,|**f lr-
tathil rdng. rrong pham vi n6ng,1i thi nghi€m crja dung dich aluminat, Ph .grrrn Lu L-l rudng 1l rr
ta. kh.,n! r'en Jong r rr,i ket luat, -ita Jevnoratri ,r cho- hinh nhu lhorrg Llrarrg rlinh neu)en ulrarl
giam rnanh n6ng tl6, ion hydio vd hydroxit khi cacbonat hoii dung dich aluminat. 'I'idp theo. ta nh0n
thdy rdng chfng minh cua Pazukhinli hodn todn co co s6 bdi vi theo do dac cria Jevnovatri ndng d6
cria OH k-hi cacbonat ho6 giain xu6ng 100 lin.

Viec ket tua h;droxit duoc giai rhich rheo so do sau:

Theo Tibon(4), khi cacbonat ho6 dung dich aluminat hic dAu luon luon tiet ra bomir. bomir sd

chuydn thdnh bayerit voi nhiing t6c d0 rAt nhanh, sau clo chuy6n thanh hydragilit. Iibon tim th6y kiit

Iudn do la do nghi€n criu thdnh phin kdt tua cta cacbonat hod dung dich aluminat c6 a. = 1,95 nhtmg
d nh[ng n6ng d6 vn nhi€t d0 kh6c nhau.

Hydroxit ti6t ra tii dung dich 2.591 Alzq chi Li bornit b6t k6 ld cacbonat hod o 250C hay ?50C.

bit ddu tn 5g/l Adroj ta duoc h6n hqp bornit vd baye,rit,con khi hAm luong tr6n 50g/l Al:O: tlranh
phdn pha cta hydroxit phu thu6c vdo nhi€t dq cacbonat ho6: d 250C ket tua chu y€u l) bayerir; con o
?50C dau ti6n tiiit ra bayerit cirng vdi hydragilit, nhung khi ting hdm luolg AtrO; den 75gll bayerir sd

bi€t m6t. k€t tria cht ydu gdm hydragylit.

Khi cacbonat hoA c6c dung dich chira duti 2.5gll Al2O3 ngay cd khi d 750C bomit so sinh bi6r

thinh bayerit vd hydragylit chdm d6n n6i ta duoc kiit tua chi gdm bornit. Trong cdc dung dich ddm ddc
hon, ddc bi€t ld d nhi€t il6 cao vi6c chuydn bomit thdnh bayerit vA bayerit thanh hydragilit ti€n hinh

nhanh hon. C6 th6 quan srit thdy h6n hqp bomit vi bayerit klri dem dung dich n6ng d0 10g/l AlrOr kdt
tira o 750C va du6i 20gll AlrO3 o 250C; ti6p 4rc tdng hdm luong Al2O3, bomit sC bidn l:dr vd xu5t hi€n
hydragilit.

Vi€c tiilt ra k6t ftia bomit,bayerit vd hydragilit chi ld sdn phdm cu6i ciLng cira biiin ddi bomir vd
bayerit.

Theo M.N.Smiruov. khi cac.bonat hoi dung dich aluminat sd tao ra nattri alurnocacbonat. Chring

ta da bi6t ring c6c hop chAt thdnh phiin ntru ray sd nh4n duoc khi tAc dung keo nhdm hydroxit v6i
dung dich cacbonat vd natribicacbonat. Khi cacbonat hod d 85"C thi n = 5. con o nhi€t dd cao hon
n=2.0. Vi€c tao thanh c6c ho..p chdt nhu vdy dd duoc chirng minh khi cacbonat hod mdng mong dLrng

dich aluminat tr6n kinh. d xudng nh6m Vonkhov khi cacbonat ho6 lAn 2 si k€t tinh ra cic tinh thi nhd.
chIa alumocacbonat co dd hod tan lda hon so r'6i nhi]rn lrydroxit. vi vay trong dung dich sc con gin
lai rndt luorq nho nhim o\it nga\ cir [hr bidn doi pherr lon natricacbonat rlrinli bicacbonat khi
d h,rr.i' Jtn'r lrong nhrrno .lieu nhu '. ar. ,r iu,r .l,rns di.h cc rhc n1,., n ," | \tunrr lanr a.n
^;rn
nhr-rm or-it khoi dung dich cii phii khuay phdn hori dLrnl Cjch roi NaOII Khi do. rrarri rlumocacbonat

:i ph.ln hoil :

Ii I
NazO.Al:O..2CO..nHzO + 2NaOH + rr: - Aili):.Jll2O + 2NarCO. i (n - 2)H?O + nc

Du NaOH s€ kh6ng kdt tua ra hydroxit.

Dua vdo nhfing tii li€u thu thap d'.roc. Smirnov gi; thieit I ring klri cacbonat ho6 c:lc dung dich

aluminat d xuong tliu ti€n t4o thanh c6c ming natri - alumo cacbonat tren bi€n g6i b6t khi v?r dung

dich. Khi chuyiin d6n mit ngodi dung dich, c6c ming ndy bi phd vd vd bi NaOH phAn hod. Luc qua
trinh mdi bat diu, trong dung dlch cdn chria nhi6u NaOH, alumocacbonat sE phAn hod tao thdnh
aluminat vi natri cacbonat, khdng tidt ra hydroxit. Khi Na2O. giiLrn di, alumocacbonat se bi phrin ho6
tlii tiiit ra nh6m hydroxit theo phuorg trinh ()fiI-15). Kii cdn lai it NazO" c6c mdng alumocacbonat

khdng bi ph6 v0 niia vi tu dung dlch t4o thanh cdc mlng niy. Didu d6 giii thich vin dd vi sao khi

cacbonat hoi hoin toan hong hydrat luon lu6n chua mot lugTg lon tap chit Na2O vri CO2.

Cdc quan tlidm kh6c nhau vd co ch6 titit ra nh6m hydroxit khi cacbonat ho6 cldu xdc nhdn ring
v6n dii ndy cAn phii ti6p tlro nghi€n cfu. .

2. CHAT LUQNG CUA HYDRAT

Thrinh phin dung dich ban diu

N€u c6u t4o, kich thudc cria cic hat va him luqng Na2O trong cic hat do di€u kiOn cacbonat
hoi quy6t dinh, thi d0 s4ch cria cric hat theo SiOz vi Fe2O3 php thuQc vib d0 s4ch cria dung dich vd

cua khi. Muon.kbri silic dugc t6t dung dich cin phii rrong.

Dung dich natri silicat khi cacbonat ho6 ti€t ra keo silic c6 khA ndng hoi tan trong dung dich
natri cacbonat d6m dlc:

mNa2CO3 + SiOu.nHzO + nc = nNa2COj+SiO2+16

Nhung khi cacbonat ho6 dung dich aluminat khdng quan s;it thiy keo ndy : sau klri cacbonat hod
hodn toin, SiO2 cdn l4i trong dung dich c6i chi khoing mdy ph6n nem gam trong m6t lft, khOng phu

rhuoc vao ham luong Na2CO1 trong dung dich. Ti6p itreo do. ta thdy ring k-h i cacbonat hod SiOT ti6r ra

kh6ng phii d dqng keo tl6ng tu hong hydrat, c6 khd nlng pepti ho6 trong dung dich natri cacbonat, ma

ndm o dang alumosilicat giong nhu.'an rAng Ditiu nd1 db rJuoc rhr ughiim xdc nhan vi ly do nai uho

nOn hdm luong kidm li€t k6t trong nhom hydrat cang lon ndu ham lurrng SiO2 trong nh6m hydrat c?rng

cao. Tu t16 ta thiy'ring vi€c c6 ging dat d€n cdn bing khi khu silic quan trong nhu thd nao. Hldrat

nhan drr,-c ru nlriing dunc ,.lrel, nhrr rir ''r ci lr3rn lLr"ng to. thrilrr khong nhirng Jur \1ri q;U ml ca

Na,O

Cung tu do tha_v- 16 nguy-en nhiin vi ;ao trcng nhiine rii€u ki6n cacbonat hoii nhu nhau- hvdrat

nh:in drr''c tir dung dich loAng sC sarh rri.

til
 ..""".,...,-,._,_."if
".

Nhier.r0

Khi cacbonat hod t6ng nhi6t d6 cua dung dich s€ ldm c6c hat hycirat l6n l€n, cirn khi lirm nguQr

rhi ru,lung,lrch ,d rier ra keo alumin. lrong;an xudr chi nunp ca. rlurrg ilich den rrhidr do can rhi€r..

ddm bdo cho hydrat hori ti6t ra c6 kich throc 60 80 pl m. nhi€t d0 ca(bonat hoa t6l uu phu tltuoc rao

thoi gian cacbonat hoa, n6ng d6 khi vd dung dlch. t5c dQ khudy vd c6c di€u kien khdc.

O xuong, nhi€t d0 cacbonat hod thong thuonB la 70-800C Trong khoang niy nhi€t d0 cdng cao

ton phi hoi nuo( eang nhiiu. lhi cacbonar hod chdm. nghia la roc do rruvin k6 vdo dung drch nho.

nhi€t d0 c6 thii gidrn xuiing 60-650C md khong ldm cho hat cua hydrat kdm di. Nhtmg kich thuoc trung

binh cria c6c tinh thi: hydrat d nhiet atd ndy sE gii,rn xu5ng, cdn him lLronc kiim ru s€ tarrg len (n6ng
tl6 ki6m khdng rua kh6ng php thudc vdo nhi6t d6 cacbonat ho6).

Khi clo

Khf kh6ng dugc chua bui, hdm luo-ng co2 trong khi clo cdng 16rr thi ndng suat ctia b€ cacbonat

hod cang lon, cdn cing it mdy dn khi, hoi nuoc bi khi thii mang di rit it, do d6 sc m6t it nhict.

Thi nghi€m cria xudng alumin Trung quiSc chung t6 ring, khi ding khi n6ng dQ cao (36% CO),

nhiet t10 cira dung dich reng l6n rd ret do nhi€t trung hod. vi dg, qua trinh t6ng nhiet dd tri 70 90"c

vi cao hon, Do d6 khi hdm luong CO2 cao nhu viy hoin toi,n kh6ng cin dnng hoi nuoc dd nung nong

bun. Ndu t6c dQ truydn khi nhu nhau, neng su6t cria b6 cacbonat ho6 khi dnng khi n6ng d0 cao sg cao

hon khi dirng n6ng dq th6ng thuctng ld l2%

Giim t6c dQ kni d6ng thdi v6i vi€c t6ng nhiet dQ crla bun se tdng t6c d0 phet tri6n cua hat
hydrat. Do d6 cu6i quii trinh cacbonat ho6 phdi giim t6c dd truy€n khi

T4i xudng aiumin cLia Trung q*6c d6 duo-" hydrat ddng deu "e OO h4t, cu6i qud trinh cacbonat
ho6 nguoi ta pha kh6ng khi vao khi ld ndng dQ cao CO2. tbng nhidt d0 rd t6c d6 ti.ydn khi s€ lam cho

vi€c h6p th$ vd h€ rh6ng sri dqng COr kdm di.

Khuiy trQn bin

Khi khuii tr6n ta du'-c hydrat co tinh ch^t rdt hon khi kh6ng khuiv tron: hdm luons ki€m nho
lr.m ra dg hdi 'ol ll rr

Birn khudl tron bing kh6ng lilii ndn. nhLnlg qua thi nghi€rn chirng to ring. khu6l nhu vA1' k1i
phdn bii trong brrl kh6ng ddu rd tae iup4 t,)r l..ht,ng khr t.ir. \'r r * rrlrr nlriiu ClOr () la thoi khi \,io
tarr ra nhiiu hr rlr at hon so voi nhiing ch6 khic crlta bd

t) ch6 tu donC bun cuc bQse.t co rhi tao thinh mAng hidrat dac ..,r iiin ihanh bd. \ | \ d_\ r grj,ir l.r

luon ludn,lat trrc khuil ki€u:ich tr"n: le ' 3';J' nar hox J'-rrrr! Lhiit hi cacbonat hod ti pht)no thi

nghi€m. do tinr ti:.: dd qtrya cia n l\ Ih 'r\ Lrf irrr llr r :: fl' '-ir rr'':rr lii lril thap harn luon': l':i6ut nra

2 -5l
trong hydrat tii rit niri€u, vi c6c thd lidti i'ri, rrrgil xdn kii khuA:- irhanh sd va charn vdo nh'rLr Ia bi rei
vgn, cdn c6c hat hinh cAu s€ ltm l€n vi co ri6 rip nh6-

}liii t5t tintr

Ding hydrat vria k6t tinh ldm mdi k6t tintr. nhung n6u cho m,5r kdt tinh hu6c khi cacbonat ht-,a

thi dO hat cria hydrat ho6 se phir hqp hon vd harn iuong ki€m kh0ng rria trong h) drat sd gidm rtront.

Vi viy ngudi ta thuang dr)ng mQt phAn br)n con l4i trong b6 cacbonat hon d6 ldm miii k6t tinh cho quri
trinh cacbonat ho6 sau.

Bang 47 ld c6c s6 IiQu so slnh khi c6 vir kh6ng co mdi ket tinh.

Bang 47

Hdm luong Na2O trong hydrat nhan dugc khi cacbonat hori kh6ng c6 mdi ki5t tinh vd c6 m6i k€t

tinl vci g sii m6i tri 1 diln 0-l

T! s6 mOi Hdm luong ki€m kh6ng rrl4 %

Trong m6i Trong hydrat kii cacbonat hoa

0,51 0,41

Kh6ng c6 m6i 0,61

0.43 0,35

Khdng c6 m6i 0,50

h41 011

Khdng c6 m6i 0,60

0,-l4 0,27

Kh0ng c6 m6i 0.58

0.11 0,4.1

r).15 0.,1,1 0.41

0i 0.1I 0,21

(l.i 0..10 0,4 8

0. t) Lr0 0.tl

I i,1
rl t----- T- - u+0 T- o.:c

_i
Thi nghi€m chimg to rdng khi t'-i s6 m6i bing 1, trong hydrat nhiin cluoc do cacbonat ho6 lu6n
-lu6n chria it kiim kh6ng rira hon so voi trong mdi ho4. trong hydrat nhin rhroc Lhi ktrong co m6i. ket
lurin ni1' dd duo.c thuc tidn xac nhin mdc du trong phorg thi nghiQnr rinh huimg ct'ra m6i k€t tinh
kh6ng biiiu hi€n rO ndt, theo PliLiskin4 tl6 la do khuiy trQn khdng tdt gil ndn.

D6 giAi thich hf do ginm dQ kidm cua Alumin nh6n duoc khi cacbonat hod cri moi k€t tinh, nguoi

ta dd phAn tich c6c miu hydrat d nhirng thoi kj, kh6c nhau cria quii trinh cacbonat hod : nr iirc bit diu
k6t tinh ra hydroxit toi khi him lugng cdn lai khoing 12gl Alr03. k6t qui nhin duoc r ru sau:

lvlau 2

Hirn luong AI2OI trong dung dlch, g/l 42 tq I 3 8,2 )2,5 t2,1

.., i ^ ,.
Klem Knong rua. "/o 0,6 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.3

LOa, nn tne h6n hqp Dayent va

. hydragilit

hydragilit

Hdm luqng kiim k}6ng rua trong 3 miu ddu - theo d6 thi.tia X va chi sd chi€t xuit, chu.t6u la

bayerit vd hydragrlit- cao hon nhidu so vdi 2 mdu sau- chi ld hydragylit. Do d6 khi cacbonat ho6
kh6ng c6 m6i kdt tinl, nh6m hydroxit ltic dAu ti& ra d d4ng cric h4t nh6, c6 k-hn nang h6p thg cao. Vi

vey hong loai hydrat ndy thuong chrla nhidu NarO vd SiO2 hon so vdi trong c6c hat.hydrat l6n do c6c
. ''.,i t|ep luc lon
nal nno le[

K-hicho mdi kdt tinh rdo dungdi.tt t,ro. t,i. cacbonat ho6, cdc hat ding larn ltuttg tam kel tinh

khdng ti6t ra hydroxit v6 clinh hinh, vi vay trong hydrat tiiit ra hic dAu cta qua tinh chria it t4p chit
hydrat tidt ra lric cuoi. didu do gidi *rich vi :ao khi cacbonat hoa . o mot kdt tinh ta duoc
hor
'o voi
hydrat sdn phAm sach hor.

KicH THI-rdc Bt CACBONAT HoA

Khi tdng ducmg kinh cia cria b6 cicbonat ho6 sE lam cho vi6c phAn b6 khi theo chidu dA1'cria

hun br r,aLr di. \4uon phong ngLd )n khong dong diu ihr cacbot at hoa ngLroi ta J trg nhiiu lo tru'cn
khr ra lhudy rrOn bun mqnl: o ruorg nhon RiuJersd.rt r :rin Berlin rdd nhrtng 5l one dtr,'np lrnh

lOmrn dii j.25m d6 tluy€n khi '" do trong b€ cacbonat hoii.

Idng chi6u cao cua bi;acbonat hod sE lam ciro ricc hAp thu lhr tr ) .1rrr t,'t I hrnil lui L

irhLmg khdng theo duorg thirng ti' Jiri grd thrit ran3. tr,-rrg .hurirr d5ng xoriy. l-.trn ttriln theo cdc bot

khi. do d6 teng quAng duong r i thoi gianluulai cira cdc btrr khi trong b rn Ih., I.in',,arri. ehiiu.a,
iira cit bin kh6ng dnh hirorg din dd hat cia h-v-,drat i htnh If)l ).

l-,45
 Ap xL,dt th.ir i-,hp thu'ic vao chi6Lr cac, cua c6t bun, c0ng ndn khi tinh theo cOng thuc:

n-- f ,_. t ,, I
|
(lt)o
L r-i Lo4P,v.-l'pr, lrkrrrr. (XllT- l5)
I

Trong d6:

f- !q t 1,38 - chi so doan nhi6r cua khi nen dm.

P1 vd P2 .rip sudt hoi truoc va sau khi ndn. kG/crr7.

Vr - th6 tich ban tliu crla khi, mr.

80

70

s60
,Z t^
!'e
Ean

10

0
20 40 60 80 100

.t0 hdp phq co2,%

Ilinh 101. PhU t]ru6c gitra sv hiip phuCO2 trong bd cacbonat hda vdo s6 lvong h,vdrat ti& ra vd
chiiu cao c6r bim: I vd 2. 5000nm. 3. 600mm: 1. 400mm.

100

90

80

70

60
50

40

30

2A

10

0
10 60 80 1C0 21

kich tbr?c,c hat

256
 *l.ttttt'

Mnh l0l l'hdnh plin hy& at thto do hat khi cacbonar hoa. 1.Trongtltiitbi rlu tryhi.rt cjt bun
lljit| ..1t .., . .,,1,,t.tt hn,t, ,t,.o t,t.,t.

Chidu sAu cacbonat ho:i

chi€u siLr cacbonal hod biiiu di6n bing phdn hdm Alro3 ti6t ra tu dung dich. Khi dLrng dich c6
titinh phin da chon thi dd sach cria hydrat phu thu6c vdo chidu sdu cacbonat ho.l.

'['hi rghiem chirng to rdng,

sau 2 gid ddu, khi tiiit ra tdfce khoang g9," Alro3 mang theo cfing chi
bing hdrrr luorrg SiO2 trong dulg drch ban ddu. kjri cacbonat hoir d6,n j .3% hdm luo-ng SiO2 trong
1

ilung dich klL6ng thay d6i, cdn kiri cacbonat hoii ti6p tuc thi hdm lucmg SiO2 trong dung_dich gidm
xu6ng nhanh. Didu ndy c6 thd giii thich nhu sau. Dung dlch alurninat khiphin hori s€ ddn dAn b6o hod
sio2, nhng vi trong dung dich loang o 700c sio2 k6t tinh rdt chim, cho n€'n6 chi krit tinh ra khi
dung dich thet que beo hoir natri alumosilicat. c6u rn6t phin Sio, tiilt ra trong 2 gio dAu, nhrr da n6i
trOn .la),, Ia do ciu truc qud phan tiin cta hydrat, Ioai hydrat ndy co khA ndng hdp thu 16rr.

Do cl6. khi cacbonat ho6 dung dich da khn sio2 t6t sc ti6t ra phdn lon hydrat, co t! s6 sio, :

Aho: nh6 ho, nhidu so vdi dung dlch ban ddu. tir dung dich kht Sio, ki6ng tdt vd dung dich qud bdo
hori Sio2 sd tidt ra alumosilicat cirng voi hydrat, trong truong hqp nay ta kh6ng duoc hydrat sach,
nhu
crc drrimg bii'r didn rren hinh l0l.

sio//Atzo3, ya

Alz0r tach ra, 9o

251
 ltoltv |4't|rr thto lis. L!.)n,4 du]fi Llic}t'' |' ti,,.-.}a4,2' t1r,
LIinh l0j. Su thuy tl6i |ixn ltc.lttg ..::i();

:270; 3. nst - 10.

r0% Alror v6i hirn irrong SiO' nho hcn t) l'll''' cdn l'ri
Ti hai dung dich dAu c6 thd tidt ra irhodng

dung dich th(r 3 SiO2 sd ti6t ra nhanh sau khi k6t tua
ra khoing 20% r\l:Or I 4 l'

3. CAC PH{'dNG PHAP CACBONAT IIOA

cacbc'nat hoi ngtriri ia clril ra cic

Dga vdo sg phu thu6c cria ch6t luong hydlat vrri chidu siu
phuong ph6p cacbonat ho6 khac nhau

cacbonathodhoantodu:lhucti(:iar:lriirr:rlLh6nuipc,'rr,'pl,'r"rr3plripnir'1"'ivilr;rrrrrlru
t6t ci silic trong dung dich chuy6n vao h1'lrat, lrong hydrat cLln'] c<)n c6 nliiu kidrrr do tiro thrillh

alumocacborrar cu'5i cita quli trinh

Cacbonatho6k}r6nghodntoin:theo|huol]gph6pniy,ngaycitlhidLrngcliclr5ltltturinltchl1.
iLol tlin klri dLrng ciich cr)n
khodng 100g/l AtzO3 vi kh6ng qui 0.2gl1 SiO::, niirrdi Lt cfirrg chi ':acbor*rt

lSikhoilrg3d]Ahol.Klricacbouatho;irirrlgdillrchira200g4'\l'(-tlvir]mrlrgn,tltu}n3nguoitllse
nging dlSi khi hdm luorlg Al2O3 trtrnlr rirrritt 'lirir
>j0g/l' nhu vil" crl lirl !r''/'r I'iii crcl)Ji)llt hoh hoiiu
chi trtiit lio:\n ciir'ra nhiir; ''\iro'
torn, b6i vi rirgc hydrat sgch !ron' Nlturlg liltr d5 cllng tlir:h

tiriFu ki1 5i |hirrr cirtr ii s"t t"ir r:iit phin drrrrg

Cacbonat ho6 kdt ho-p voi khuiy pnirr hoil: n6u
11

ph:ii c6 tj's'3.oslic l''rn horr, vi v;iy nguoi ta

dich c6i quay vd hod tan, mu6n dQn lgi thi riung dich cia
dem khu6y phin hori bitn khi da cacbonal ltotr mQt
phin' dung dich alunrirrat di lirn srch SiO: duoc
clicli cii tl,.,m v0 tlriiu kiL con pi'in kia
chia thinh hai phin: mot phin dsnr cacbolat hori Yi\ tlung
cllch c.)n ,hiil' Allol aii Dgting viec
,:acbonat hoe tru6c khi khuay ph6n ho6; rrghTa 1i khi trong riung
cf,oborilt hoir vi tlrdi ;riaD iihuiy phi[
,1,,:,r
Hri vio vd dem khuiy bin trong l1i,':n3 vai p,ii. C!riiu siu
dich ciri c}ry€t dinh N€u liy drrng di':lt i:ir w
h ri tru6c hdt do ndng d0 cdn thii5t vd i'JaCIi trong Liung
tirrrg lin il5n '1 0 thi
s6 ..r {ic sau hoe bing L5 vd sau khi khuAy phii. hoi tli s; c,rstic ni1'
khi cacbonat
m6i:l.nAi2o3trongdungdlchc6i'sGcir(Ll}.Jroingl.5gNaoI{ilLLC;rrlcirviorltic\Jtlrixicdinhso
lugrg Al2Ol trong dung dich cdn hi trao nhi€u thi ngirng thrii
klii'
bd kh, ir.".n

iroi dung diclr lheo phuoDE;'lr'ip n:rr ilrim lrott trltic t : ' " t i'ltttotrt-
plrrip ttbort:rt Iru't
P: ':
th6ng thur'r.t kh6ng co khu6y phAn hoi' nhrmg cacbonal
hoi th6ng rbLrong thi 1619 d0 rirt costic

trongdung'rlthlaik}r6ngdtj'Khicacborrat]torlruockhikhuilplrinhcrirsCclugctllltirllhrrllatoxtt
t6t hon v3 di, ii' vd vd him lugng SiOz

,',,r.i toi "sila": d6i khi c|i tion hlnir cacbonat hoii rlil f:hi rlLrnq clich bi vin t 'r':' sau d6
. ao"Oo,.tu1
khuiyphinho6n,,\.girid6dugcdunlrdictrrii.c6himluqrng:<irtc,rsticliin.r'iicphinholilteo
phu<mg phhp ndy .lir loi f09lo, nh6r'r lry'Jroxit lhin tluoc
thi Jirng nhit' hat lirn v:i chira it SiO2

258
[]acbln;Lt hci toi ":iia" co llri nlrin iluoc hydrat cilAi lugng t6t ngay ca ttr dung dich kh6ng rlat ydu
cit !e tJtu 5lllc.

Clcbonat phin hoi phin cioan : nghur)i ta tant nguxg cacbonat hoii. dern ciun dung dich knuii
phri lrori vii gid, tich h'ydrat, sau do l4i tli(ii khi cacbona( hod,vv.

Chit iLrrrng nh6m hydror it cua tnrg clot noi tiep nl,ru girinr rd r€t theo l;drn Iuong SiO2 vi Na2O
nl r, ,r iiiu o bing J8.

hang 43

Cacbonlt ho6 phdn doan dung dich atuminat chira 0.3g/l SiOr.

Giin clO cacbonat lioi phirr rloan. D6 xric dinh trudc phAn nhdm oxit co thd ti6t ra ru dung clich d dalg

hvrh;rr voi hinr irrcrng siuT.ho phep. Lilcev lllJb xiy drng gian do cr-bonat lroa pharr doan. biirr
'tiin r:in hLnlr 10J.

Th.rrlr phin dung dich, gJI Tap ch6t trong AI2O1

llieu su6t thu hOi
Dung
AI2O3 trong hydrat, Na2O
dich Na2O
,\ L{-). Na2O1 Na2O" o/ kh6ng si02
ma
rua

Ban dau 110.l 161 .l t 02.0 37 .1 0 0.5 8 0.01

cr:ii

73.6 179.8 93.0 26.'/ 0 0.72 0.0'7

I9.3 158.7 5 0.8 r 0,7 0 0.8 5

,1 23.8 \40.2 24.8 t 0.4 0 1.02 . 0.13

.1
14.0 1 17.6 13.6 19.1 1 .02 0.6 1

259
 ,,5
I
ol

s.J
o) ^-i
t"1
2
!,

0,5

Ifinh I01. Cian d,i xdc tiinh thtrc thu lrylroiit vtii hdn lLcung giti hgn [iiO2 ilfi r-:lt,t '4q-lvdng critt

biing gid cia Sib2; I' ving AI(OH): sach; Il-nig tll(OH) Iti SiOt h'' bd:t; I '2-c1ui ttt" cacbontt ht'a
'
vi.ng Al(OfI) . t't, lr'

Drrdng AB.ciria gidn dd ra tlrinh hai ving: I,rung,\l(oll), sai,ir vri i[-r'irn"r .\]ioli)r bi sio,
lam I'jrr,lLri.{i rlang alumosiliqnt KHi ,r::tbctil hoi cic dung '-liclt niirri
tr"rrg rr'r''I'i I I'irrhplrincu:r

c6c dung rlich tlay d6i tigc theo duirng nin ngarrg ttii t"hi cit
tlulng cong ;\B' sau d6 titeo duong cong
so vcii ltrtc hoanh' d6 ld
niy. Thi nghiQm nAy chung t6 ring thtrc t€ dudng cacbonat ho6 hoi nghieng
do c6 rnQt phin SiO, k6t tria gay n€n (ctucnrg 1,2) Nhung cho d6n lJri duong
AB thi him lugng SiO:
.hrng Jich saLr gioi han
vin cr)n it vdL kh6ng l.ugt qud treu chu6n rta quy dinh. Khi tiiip tpc crcbonet hoi
cira duorrg AB thi him luo.ng siol trong dung tllch se
giim xLri5ng nhanh vi hydrrt bi Sioz lirn hnn
hinr lugng Al2O]
Vi du. khi cacbonat hoa dung dich chfa 250 g/l AlzO3 vi 2 g/l SiO: n6u dirng Iai khi
trong dung c]ich crli li 70 g/1, nghia li tiiit ra 72 % Al2O3 thi ta duoc h) dnlt s:tch' t ''n khi tj'Jt rl 30%

Al:Or -, ta duoc hydrat bin. Thinh phAn dung dich cei n'ong lrrrirng
lr"p :l'r '" 'llrrh bin11 tlicn m

tuorrgimgv6ihdmluongSio2ldlgilvdhirnlurlngAllo3ll50g/1'Dt,.].,,,ihic.rcL..nethoa.t1iit|a
2009Al,o3dd4nghydratvilgSio,odqngalunlosilicatkt)nltbeo|'}ioirrg0.5g}Jrlo.Khidung
dich car nghdo Al2O3 tlri ur duoc trl.lrrr c'ing bin

4. BIEN PHilP NANG cAo:t't LE THU II6t,:L'orl;Ir c'i('r:();'t'il' Ho/[

. Iii6n phip ptr6 bldn ntrit li khi pha loing dung dich drinr rlic trLr6c kiri lihu:ilic bing nuoc rira
pha quri loarrg si khorrq c'ri Lvi vi
hodc dung dich c6i tuin hoin d6 viQc khL! sjlic drroc t6t. NhLrnrl n0u

viec chon dung cllch aluminat ctim dac lhi liod titl rrglro" 'iurrg;- nrit j nghia'

li 1rn.r tLrng piiin r .-rr li rii' the,r hrtlrrt .hr'r nlrieu siol .lrin
. Bidn phrip thir hai cxcbonst "
duoc khi cacbonat ho6 lin sarr cir.r tltrrrrl .lich ..ri hrn dru. Phu,rttq plrip lirn raclr h\ilrat nriy kh6ng

260
 , - r:-i.,i+r{sr$l*!fr F**{ix*,ri1
\.
,u,rir,, \ ni'r ,nit lhar, dtrllg drrh lluminatlh'n
t.lr!r llrlr',. \.f ' lrll
lr Illl illL Ntilll 1l
'lr''lri 1ar. idrr.
dirng d xuorlg alurnin cira nuoc C6itg hoii
nhdrt ddrt
lr.,,i th.-,, thu',,,ug phip kiiLril phin h'-'i, nhLr cl6
' s.'u do ..lern Jrrng dich khu sili-
I rrrnr: llu.r. rlrr clrrnc Lli.l, ,.ii .o ll,c dung di It''i lirl ilydral
bJll rcr

lrolr[, . toil]

lli boxit thco luu trinh song song: hoa tich tfong otocla va
Bi6n pirip niy cLr lhi c6 1ol khi xir
i.leln hod tan trong dung djch alurninat
cira nhinh
thiiu Lrdt. 1'ron5l tnrbng hL:p niv lildrat bdn duqc
Ii.r\. in o l 'i l,"r'ra
pi'i;r h."'

ip clrlrg duoc o nhfrlg nhir niiy khdng c6 di€u

Phrrong phip cacbonat hod ttrng phin khdng

kien thuil ticn dd xLi lli ph0n hydrat bin

Lrin bing
lArn sach nh6rn hydruxit b1 SIoT liun
A.V. l'a'lo,, vir lr4.S. Lertcize' cho ring co rh6
ph6p niry vdi bign ph6p pha loang dung dich
clch xLr I1i bing dung clich alLrminat Ph6i hsp biQn
i00-i20 g/1' c/tc tic gia dua diin k€t luin ld xri li
A(OH)r
alunrinat lnr6c khi khi SiOr tu 250 xu5ng
phuoug
N6u dung dich nhln duoc khi hod tan theo
bing ,.irrnr dich ilurninal co 1qr hon pha lodng
ta
phip lJrrrdch trin clrria 250 8/l AlrOr, dem pira loeng
ru6c khi khil SiOr dern cacbonta hoe hodn todn
SiO'? tinh thco AIzO: N6u cfing dung
dich d6m
(hr()c h,Ydrat tiit ra lil dut'lg cllcll chua khoing 0'25 %
ttri tfong dung dich cdn khoang 2 g/l sioz N6u
cacbonat
rlac ilLi cicm Rru Sio2 nri ktrong pha loing,
hydrat c6 toi 0'8 9'o SiOr tinh theo AlzO:
t6i tCri trong drrng dich c6i con 5g/l AhOr thi trong

dich aluminat da khu silic c6 th6 giim hdm luqrng

l.oai hl"drat niy sau khi gra c6ng bing dung
gian vir nhiQt dd cacbonat hoi kJr6ng dugc
vuol qu'{ quy
Sior riu6n.l tdi 0.1 - 0,15 % Mu6n v{y thoi
sd chuydn vAo
vd thli gian qu6 lAu thi SiO2 trong hytirat
dinlr. bdi vi cacbouat hoi d nhjOt d0 qu6 cao
cAn dern dung
SiO'] tich luy r ri6u trong clung dich rira
rhng kh(t ittl biing ciung d!c'h alurninat l(hi
di. lr rrir Jr lJrLr 5iO;

5. (:,4CBANAT HOA GIAN DO4N

thung s;t c6 trqctiu6y ki6u xich (bilh 105)
d6 cacbonat
i'lgrroi 1a dirng c6c b0 cacbonat ho6
kinh 5 - 6 m' chidu cao 7 8 rn' s6 vdng qua-Y cira trqc
hcri r'.iin dorn. []e cact)onat noa co duong
kilh b€ cacbonat hoi i{ri to ra hoi nLro' chuten qua ong
khuil'li 8 10 r',rng/phi:t tul.V theo drirxg
gidn doqn bao gdin
tiin khi ld vn tirrg din hoi nuoc vdo phin duoi cua b6 cacbonat lto6 Cacbonat ho6
hod'
tic :,xu: cho dung diclt aluminat vdo' th6i khi ld' born dnn hydral ra' ki6nr tra bii cacbonal
cric rhao

16r nho. D6 giiun t6n thit tr€n. rrip bd cacborrat ho5 c6 bQ

lfti lir Ldo theo nhiiLr tia birn d6
pliin ugtrrrg ilon-l

761
 Iiinlr I05. Ei cocbonat h6u.

Br)n hyrlrat tir bd cacbclat hoi ,Ji Jcrr ling gqn, sau d6 denr rtr,. Vi cric i.,j i. ,rg g1n vi bi r rie
ldm vi€c li€n tuc cho nen mu6n truyin dJu bin hyclrat vdo c{c b6 ndy cin c6 nrQt biiu d6 I;\rn vi8c

nghi€m khac cho mdi b6 crcbonat hcii vi todn p;riin xucrng. I(lri clo vi-'c di€u khiCn ciing d6 ding vd
tdng nairg suit ctia phiin xufnrg. KI:i iiirr 'l,r iirrr vii: bi phd vn. '. i du ket thric ri0lg lhrii qui trinh d
^ sdt.:bd cacbonat hoa sd gil n€n kho ltl.:rrr.
mQt

Vi dU bi€u d0 lim vi0c cria phiir:iLriing c6 1l b0 cacbonat |ol ihirrh 106) 3..rrr cic s0 ii€Lr sru

ildy: nap li€u lh, th6i kni 9,5 h, thlo liou ih vti ki6m fia 0,5 h, tirng cong l2 h.

hiuh lA6. Bitu ti,' i):n: vi.'. ,'ti,i pltin tttinq tttchr titt hia.

262
 .*'lt..t€rr*nfrffi4
d', n6u m6t phAn dung dich aluminat phAn
phLl ri*r6c luu lrlnh sAr xuit aiurnin cua\rhi mdy. Vi
'iLr
o xuorg alulnin cua nuoc C6ng hod nhdn ddn
hor llreo phuong phrip khuli' phdn hof, nhu dd dirng
bAn rdi sau d6 dem dung dich khu silic
Tmng I loa. thi rlung dlch c6i co th6 dilng dC hod tan hydrat
trong octocla

vd
Bign phip nay c6 th6 cti ioi khi xir l1y' boxit theo luu trlnh song song: hoi t6ch trong otocla
dem hod tan trong durg dlch alurninat
cira nh{nh
thi6u l;6t. Trong trutxtg hqp niy hydrat bin duqc
Ur\c rnio. klri ling ri Phjtr hod'

dung dugc d nhiing nhd n6y khOng c6 <li€u

Pilrong phdp cacbonit hoa tirng phin khdng [p
kicn tllr,rrr tiin dc rri 11 phin hltlrat ban

lim sach nh6m hydroxit bij Sioz lirnr bin bing

A.V. I'avlov vd N'1.S. Lerteizen cho ring c6 th6
ph6p niy vdi bi€n phap pha lodng dung dlch
cdch xu lyi bing dung dich alrrminat. Phdi hsp biQn
g/i' cdc tic giA dua d6n k0t ltrin li xu li A(OH)r
alunlinat truo'c khi klrrl SiO: ru 250 xu6ng 100-120
phuolrg
b:rg .lung dich aluminal co lcri lron plra lodng N€u dung dich nhdn duuc khi hod ldn theo
dem cacbonta hoA hodn todn ta
plr:ip khu6ch tin chfa 250 g/l Al2O3. dem pha lonng tru'oc khi khir SiOr
% Sioz tinh theo Al2o3. N6u ctng dung dich
r16m
du,:c hydmt ti6t ra tu dung dich chua khodng 0,25
dung dich cdn khoing 2 g/l sior' N6u cacbonat
cjic 116 t.rcm l,Jrt Sio2 mi kh6ng pha lodng, thi rrong
c6 t6i 0'8 % SiOr iinh theo AbO:'
ttii khi trong dung dich c6i con 5g/l AlzOr tbi trong hyclrat

di khu silic co thd giim him luong

Loqi hydrat niy sau khi gia c6ng bing dung dich aluminat
hoi klr6ng duoc vuo-t qu'r quy
Siou xui5ng tdi 0,1 - 0,15 %. Mu6n vAy thdi gian vd nhiQt dQ cacbonat
trong hydrqt t:
hoi d nhiQt dQ qu6 cao vi thdi gian qu6 liu thi SiOl
<linb, bdi vi cacbonat "t:t€","u"-
tich luy nhidu trong dung dich rira cAn dem dung
dang kh6 rua bing clung dich alrrminat Khi SiO'?

dtch rur Ji lil'rr SjO;

5. CACBONAT HOA GIAN DOAN

co truc khuSy ki6u xich (hinh l05tclFcacbunrt
Nguii ta dung cdc b€ cacbonat ho6 - thung sit
hoA g,i/rn doan. ll€ cacbonat hoi cj duong kinlr 5 - 6 rn' chidu cao 7 8 rn' s6 vong quav cira truc

klrtliv]i8_l0vong/phlttuitheodudngkirrhb6cacbonathori'Klrilovdhoinuticchir.vdnqrra6ng
duoi c0a b6 cacbonat hoii Cacbonot hoj grrn dorn
bao gonr
dAn l<iri lo ld 6ng dAn hoi nu6c liro phin
ho6'
cic thao tic sau: cho ilung diclr aluminat v2ro' tir6i khi ld borr birn hydrat ra' ki€n tra b6 cacbonat

t5n th6t tr€n, nip bi cacbotrat ho6 co b6

Khi ld kdo theo nhiaLr tia birn drl ,6t nt,o. oe giau
phiin ngLLttg dong.

26r
 fli'th td5 Bi cotbon'tt hd't

Br)n hydrut hi bd cacbcnat hod di dem lJng g4n, snu do ddrn rira. Viciio b{ l:tg g1n v,i bi rira
lim vifc li€n tgc cho n€n mu6n truyin ddu trirn hydrat vio cic bd ni,y cin c6 n6t bieu tlO lim vi€c
nghi€m khic cho m6i bii cacbonat ho6 rri toan piriin xuong. Khi do vi6c diiu khidn cing dE ddng vA

tang niig suit cr'ra phdn xuong. Khi bidu,JO lirn vi{c bl phii vd, vi drr kit rhric rl6ng thoi qua trinh d
mQt s6 hi cacbonat ho6 sc gey ri6n kh6 khfu.

Vi dp biiiu dd lim viQc cria phAn xrrong c6 I I bd cacbolrt lro6 (lrinh 106) girl cic sd li0LL sau

dAy: nap li€u th, th6i khi 9,5 h, th6o li€u th vii ki€m tra 0,5 h, tdng c6ng tJ h.

Ititth t06. Biiu |ir', 1.1:lt ;,it:. t'tiit !.htin trtitt;, J:ti,t
,crrhe,t:rtt

].62
6 C.,|CDON,IT IIOti LIiIN 7 i(.
Crcbouat hci li€n tric co l,l hon cacbonat hoiL gi6n doan ngay cd trong truong ho-p ding cdc
b€ cacbonat hod gi6n doan. i\,1u6n cr .bonat hod h'6n tu: cdn n6i ca" b,j lai bing cdc mdne []oac cdc !lng

noi. Frrng ,li. h .lr' ,i hr Laclron l. . r:.ri

'.1,-r.
,:u do nr cha. qtn t.rl ca nirirng be con Iai. cang
ngay ciing gidu hydral, thdo bun h), :t ru ba cuoi cun;. clto [run rao bd chua r6i deur di 16ng, gan, rria.

N€u dlrg rlich cii cin chri xirt costic thi cin giirn chiiju siu crchonaf hoa roi phdn hoa hun

hydrat. vi€c khu61'phnn ho:i tidn hii h d m6t s6 b€ coi nhu b6 khuiy phAn hoi.

Khi cacbonat hoi li€n tuc s; giirn s6 ngu,ri phgc vu, giirn s0 b6 cacbonat hori. s6 bom, thdi
gian lrim viic cria cric bd tdng lCn ro rCt, hdu nhu lh6ng inh hu6ng ddn thoi gian cho lieu r'a thao lidu

.ir.rrrr''r Lri Nroiira.klri cacbonathorliirrrrrc.ordidiiuchinhtocrlochuyinkhi lo ra hoi nu.ic.

T6c rlc, chuydn kli lm nh6t cin phii o mQt - hai b6 diu ti€n, cdc b6 con lai sd giim dan. DiOu

clo tao khi ning giim rnirrrh nhdt thoi gian trung hod xtt du t6i "sia'. larn cho vrec su dfnq khi CO,
t6t hrn vd duo-c hydrat chdt lrro-ng cao.

7 C.,\CI]ONAT HOI| TRONG COT ViN T])NH LTEN TUC

Jevnovalui d5 thi nghiOm cacbonat ho6 dung dlch aluminat trong thiit bico cau tao giong nhu

thiit bi dirng h'ong cdng nghifp clidu ch€ natri cacbonat-

Thidt bi bin sin xuAt gdm 2 cQt thinh 107): cot tren duong kinh 150 rnm co 6 ludi, c6t du6i
cludng kfnh lC00 rnn ct5 6 clia. l(Jri chul€n ricng biet vao m6i dia, cdn d nhd rniiy didu chd natri
cacbonat thi tit cA khi chuydn tu du6i l€n trdn. K6t qui cria viQc chuydn khi ndy ld gidm 6p suAt gi6.

Khi ld chira 8-12% CO:, con trong dung dlch aluminat ch['alir i I i diin la0 g/l A1:Or vir tir 99 ,Jen 130

g/l l.iaro t6ng.

Troug nlrthrg didl ki6n nhu vdy, nu6n cacbonat hoii hodn todn i m3 dung dich cln khoang

500 inr khi, nhu vAy' li .Iir (rd khui) tron tiit dung dich rni khdng cdn truc khuziy. BiI dAn dAn chdy

xr6ng did thir nhit o cQt duoi, irdo birn duoc nung toj 72oC vd din lrrng t6i 87"C. ChidLr cao cia dung
dich trong ru,ii di^ ld 250 rnnr. CO2 bi hep phu so vdi cdc b€ cacbonat hoi c6ng nghi€p co cdt dung

'licl'c r' S.4 rrr clri rrlro lt 'r 100,.

t.) cdt trin ki;i qua ludi c6 {6 4 rnnr. cu l-r,hai 15 8 mm ia chiiu diy 4 mrr. Nlrlrng ludi ndy

khdnr ting trd hrc cia khi iin niriiu na qLra i6 lc:r chiy xuiing t6i nr6t nua dung dich chuydn vio. Khi

nhiirr lr.r,,i niia cung kil{)ng lrirn cno lidc circbonat ho6 ldng:rong c6t nlro Jr. thi rrciri€nr rrin I'r,'i
'lu
cri l'1 nho hon chinrq tc r.jrrg viqc hip ohu COr khdng tot hor, mi tr-o luc ctra khi lai tang l€n.

Cacbonat lrong i6t ltr{ii chi t6i "sL'ra" si khong giy tro rtgai tho riec tl'or qLra cac ld. nhrrng

ticp tr-: car:bonlt 1r!,ar rhl ,riic Iri si b:t.rc. i{rl; ctrt it.ii bing kiinr n 'rrEi tron! 5 1C phut sc hoan todn rita

.rch Irrci.

263
ffi*:ii.i;;i'r.'

Clidu cao ciia rn"li c|t tr'6n cir, irg Llich trin nr6i iLrrii li 651) nrn rir rlu (l,r.Lr !.,,) cirr n.-:rrrmg

xdc ciinh, dung drch nguOlg ndy chdy,r.rio i,ng din dun dich tt lLroi rtil' sang lrrci kh,ic JevnovalLri
quan s6t thdy hiQn tuong n5i bot tr€n lLr.;-i. nhu iiy riec i p phrl COl Ia rit tot.

Khi diin dia thir I cira c6t dtrui {iri qLrd rrirrh cac rnat da ,luoc I h i0 phirt, cic hat hyLlrat lini
g0n beng kich thudc crla hat d c6c dia tic p thcc,.

Ducmg bi€u di6n hdm luc.mgAl:C: viilJa2O tron dungdich(hinh I03)kh:icviri th6ng thrrdrrg

d6i chirt: ngay o ludi ddu ri6n de bit,Jiu g i;n hirrr iuun, AllO; vi Na2O.

Dd cacbonat hoi trong c0t li!:n tuc dugo tit n,.it ta chuyin tlLirr3 diclr vor t,i,: do khoing 10

m)lrr'.h,u, toc d0 khi o chd ra ld 2 nu':. tin. chc te,Ar, '('ri,it diEn rrirr. I'lru,,r tl.i L c rl,i kli nhrr viy
sE cd n-hidu tia nu6c, muiin loai tru nh&ng tia nrnSc ni)' ngutri ta giim t6c <lQ >:u6ng f6i 0,16 nr/s

ftll! 103i i..; Cdi )!:i1 lugdg AL0r, N r{ vi q :

buo hydroxit
HioI 107. soda trl]iy - ,At$r '
cacbooat h6a hd cot
cot d\rdi c6 dla, cEt trgtr
6 N:9
c6lult o4,

264
: .,;.._.-..!sy,i-ii"litet$mm,!.*sxr:rtr *,"_,,,...

,.t ieBt)NtlllO.! lll(rt t\'lllfi 1Rt\ \7,i\6 t.AhHt tyTRt)\BA\C

liil)^tG I;Hi

illij:
':i'.
'I ?'.
"{,:',
l i .' li I :
rl _",.a|t.,.
i

i 'o' ii
1,!' {i-},

. Iiitrh l0). liL: t:ucbcnat h6a tltir kii ti o'en tu6ng vd khu$, tr6n bdng khoug khi

G;iu tl6;'. d riErr c6l1r nglriOp rhi€t I'c irrl6rr r,h6rrr L iCn l(u da ch6 tao ra m6tJoai thidt bi cacbonat
Irt'i rrri,i, llri li) trong tlriit Li nriy chuydn tu trort xuong, did.r
cho phcp ta thay r.iy quat gi6 bing
116

rniy tiri'ng gio. Ngoii ra, c:ic rhi6r bi co hoc co 116-ro vd h6p gidm tiic dugc thal'rhd bing mriy ndn
klti. i'rr,rr; rrhirnr clieu kiin nhLr !iir,, qui lrinI cacboret hod s€ gialr <ti khi nhiilu tii€n rring, hi6n na_v
J.1., irr': t. ,, l:\'. lr,It , . t.,ir il.,nlil.

Li6 cr,rt'orat hod ihinh t09) li rn6ll.. Irrrrlr r.rr . jtlal ltrnlrcirt.

R6 cacbonar hod c,i rlat rna' rrin khi d€ khrriy tron bing rJr6ng khi, 6ng hoi nuoc d€
nung
'Irrrrl Jich vr'i llh6lrg 1ihi. ilc cacbonat hcri cti th€ ilnr vi€c gi6n ci:an va lien tuc. l'rorrg rrubng hop lam
vidc liin tuc rr m,li bi cact,onar ht-,i cAn co niy lt:n khi plru rid chuydn birn hoac duns dich tu bd n,r
srng b',r i;ir. Cdn cr bi cLrrii cirng {Lra vAo bi chLia 1'..ic l,G ling ga..

Ill nghiirrl conl rrrllricp cilLmg to liirg l'rai bi cacbonat hol nav cir LrLr cJiim yi tla dd nghi dp
ilttr rl r:i,r c,.rn- neltirilr

265
i.!'l$;.i1.: + . 1.

CFILTONG 11

Pi-IOI HqP CAC PFIU,ONG PILAP I(IEM I]AN XLI,\T AI,LIN4IN

Ngubi ta phan biQt hai phuong in phoi hpp cec phumg phjrp Bryc vi thi,3u k€t: song song vi
nOiti6p. Coc phuong {nniyc6nl}imguu viit so,,'.ii tirng phLrorrg plrip rlri':1, l:<t l''' i"rrri .rrgbi6t.

]. illUONG;N SOAIGSOIVG
,'l'heo so dd cira phuong in scrrr: sc\!1q il;ir,ir 110), thi trrrng cirrllt nrQt xtri,tr! .;rrrr rttit alumin,

mQt phin nQt phin boxit dugc xt Ii th.:o phlp tliiSu k6t, ci.n phia kirt 11,:o phucmg phip
'1uo'e lin v6i dunl' clir:lr cira nhirnh
Baye. Dung djch aluminat da khri silic .ira rlhr nh tliieu krlt duoc trQn
Baye Vl dung dich h6n hqp niryr tiCp tuc cli rLrrr tit cl ci,c cdng cio.r. th0ng ltLur)ng cLir phrrong phdp

Baye.

Natri cacbon:t nroncltllratc rrhin tiutlr' ;r'u [llli c'] ba1'h"i drrn: iiich cii l:iri'rLr: dlr:r rii costlc
,.,6i natri cacbooxt rn6i .ilng cito cjril' tlr;rn gir cong
ho6 mi chuydn sang nhinh rhieu kit da cirn3,
l,or it.

Cdc uu vi€t co bin cria phuong dn niy liL:

l'C6khen5ogxulyrongcingmirxillghiip.bo\itlrlriitr;ilicviirsilii(loaitl'ulrIrijtJrrlvio
c6 ! nghia v) thrrirrrg bht cf m6 nio
nh:irnh li6n kAt, cdn loai lhir hai dua vdo nhinh Baye); didu niy rit

cirng c6 nli&r.rg thdn qu4ng boxit phim vi t6t l5n nhtrng thrt qu4rr{i boxit gieu sil:c o)iil

Tinh toan cho tMy ring aii bl tai nrit mrit NazO" thi c6nq suit crir nhlnh liti:u kat, tinh theo

alumrn, phii bing khoAng l2% so voi t6ng c6ng su6t cia nhd rn:iy.
NdLr nliu i tnrl lLrong boriL phim vi

x6u nhi6u thi c6ng suAt cria nhinh thi€u kit phii ltm hor'

2. l.odn b0 t6n thit kiim costic rro[g chrr ki ]3a;e duoc bu lai bing, lutri cacbooat !-ostjc ho6
trong qui trinh thi€u ktiL voi boxit. Vi kidnr coitic dit hon natri cacbotrat nirt vi'lr hrr r"n tSrit kiint

bing natri cacbonat ldrn gidm gi6 thdnh ciie alunrin .

3. KIOng cin phii ding vdi dd cu'tic hor nrtri crcbonnt i'ir tira khi bay c6 brLv hoi dtrng dich

c6i; tli6u niy dic bi".t q.an trong khi '.r. i., boxit chi: crcb,rlrrt. llrn c1o rrltiiu l'ji,L ctj'tic biin rlrinh

ki€rn cacbonat.

l. ),lrri c:cbon:rt rn 1';e1-l1sr't1 l !l i r l rr , n: . 1 ,.11 t',r Ilrt i' l','lr 'i. :r.lr ltlrtl !rc
't, 'r,h\Jratc l:it l itll'
lll'r "rr' t li'rr" nl
il,jt jtttt' cn nld tie rltit r,:i) hr'1 lr' 'li :'ri'll (r\'rr': l'rl'i-rl J() 'lrr r
"li
tt"i;:,:::,".:"::;
nhinh thiou k6r dr l:rr,l Sio, thui's co r,ing i.,1 duLic rri,n 1in veo rrung rllch
',
cLia nhdnh Ba1,e do do ldrn grdrn ,r. cira clttng tlich airrninat r'r) lirm t]rr1 r'li 'li' flr'rn lrt'r' lvloi dicu
tttrdc rira hydrat
quan tfons nira li khi phii hop 2 nldrrh t1i co tlld di dine clto nitric rrtcll cirnq nlitt

cirng v6i natri cacbonat tuin hoAn vi'r htr) ein Fhi 'ld thictr k't
Itr6
 Ncu nhu nltirh thicu kdt ru li quang it sai. rlii d6 hod rrich thi6u kct sdn phdrn c6 th6 rlirng dung
dich cii "ltr lihi l<irLri"' phan hod hcic ruric ria iry.drat, lim cho dung dich aluminat du.oc b€n viing.
i'ltrr .ilr" tr itrr, ,l.cl; ..' rhc t,ir.irrr,r cr.iirv i.ln./lg trons ot",cla rl.r ca trong bi ltn. boi r;nroJrrn
silic cua dung dich d'a'rio h6r liop rcr ,.Jtrrrg di,:h cur nhr*h tsa;c c6 thd thdp hol nhii,u so voi y6u
ciu c'i carbor.rr . ,::.

iihuo-c rlicu cLra phuong phip li6n hop song song ld vi6c bri r6n th6t kidm bing dung dich
aluntinat:d ldrn ting luong kidm tudrr hodn trong ftit ca cic cOns cban cia nhdnh Bai,e, didu 116 lim ha
thap chi ti6rr cr'ra tung cdnq doqn.

Tt rrhd.h ihii. kdt cin dua nrrarh Ba1'e lugng dung dich rluminat th€ ndo dd cho iuo.ng du
'ao
Na2o. toir Lhinh Iihr lcrudy phiin hod dLrnr dich niy, hrong irng voi t6n th6t Naro. lrong nhrinh Bayc.
t\e u 0unF dtftrc ? nitsnh

lhi6rr Litclri riLr chi ilir dd bu lai lLronu rdn thit tiint trons nlrinh l3aye thi toAn b6 clung dich sau
klii lihri siiic JLroc ricnr ,li khuil,phdn iro6 (kh6ng cin cdng cloari cacbonat ho6); ncu c6rrg sudt crla
nhfurh tiriiu kdt lon thi l.cmg clung dich thua rluoc ph6n huj,bi'g phuong ph6p cacbonat ho6. Troug
lruorrg hgp thLr rrh5t ho4t dgng cia nhiinh i3aye r6t phu thu6c vao hoat r16ng cria nh6nh thi6u kiit, bd.i vi

cin phii liirr iu. b0 su,rg tdn tlr6t kidm. N€u nh6nh thi6u k6t lirnr vidc dril quing vi tiing thoi gian
duug dich rJi khLi siiic kbdng di cho nhdnlr Bayc, thi cin phai c6 rlu rrir kiim costrc. nhrr ra-v rhi

kh6ng phit huv irii nhimg rru vi6t crla sir tl6 song song. Trong thLLc t6 sin ruit nguoi ta rhuung cho du
trO durril (lich luin lror'in. vi nhu viy co lcrj hon.

IiCu xi ngliiip dLroc cung cip horin toin li boxit phin vi cao, thi vigc cci n6n cltng phuo.ng in
pirOi hop song song d6 sin xuit alurnin hay kh6rrg ld didu cin giai quy6t trcn co s6 xem xdt c6c didu
kicn tri clro.'lrong trudrg hgp n6u so do n.r; rhieh hop, thi corrg suit cua nhdnh thi6u k6t phdi tinh
t, irr J.1 .lri ,lrr I'u r.ri ron rlrrit Li€rn trong r,lrj;;lr B r1c.

!
ring nhrinh rhi0u kel co Lhi xri lli khoug phrii chi c6 boril, mi cd ngLry€n li6u chrla
cr;rn chir

lhirrrin khric. N[rr gin rlo co tto lhan d6, vi du cria trung tem nhi0t dien cung cip hoi, hoic co pefeliu
clrira ki6rn. tlri nin sil curl: cd cac ngur,0n li€u niy, ntiu tinh todn th61.rang gi6 thdnh alumin san xuit
theo:o clti song solll gidnr ru6ng.

267
 . ,1-.....i.5i : i ..-.r' :: j'; ..l1ig.Il$ffifF:T,,

i\lhanh Aaye lih:,rii .hrau kar

[ ]:r i:r i caboitat,

iio)(il niril'.1
i\lL]',,-YC t.r vii .r,LjlJc rndi vi) netr
I

Xay daip
I

flef i'en uii t

+

Hda t6ch octod a 'ihiiu k:t

i
vt
I

+
I acn va r r.ia c5n d6
Xav djo vi nrh,iin tl-'tir.r kit phlnr

// +

I lio t6c
lc;"b6;_l Dung dich
r

tl alurirlnat

iihLl stlic
i

Tdch cin

C0 bay hoi Nunc

t
I
t-
I acn na l
ALO,
cabonat *---.'-- I Dr.rn3 dic ir 'Ji lhJ s lre

f t"t,i ."il,-l Ludng t]L/

I mono hydlal
-T----
Sang nhinh
i

thi6u k6t.
r6ch v; r r'ia
II Allou).
|| ,./.,.
-,_
I| tjun:, clich
LUng
I r\l{crH)r
L
:r6i

__
Ifinh ll0. St lhdp l}tt|,: r'it t)tiiu kit. (r,jir c(irv do,tn ndnt
d6 ph1i ltop son'q sot1L ciic Dhlr{)ng

trnng khung !on chi dunglront lrttun;.'/',-rp ritt..,,tt,it clt,t titlt tltiit. !,. t.t,q lt,.rt r,'t.ti ,,t,t ttt:,'t .1,'
bi loi kjn thit kiim costic trong nhdnh Btrc.

268
#$ffilFrfi$,*++--..,
.'{iic ctirlh chinh tl'-rc cdnt sual cLla trhirrh rhiirr i..it.
vr)a du phuc nr cho nhanh bayc- chi co th6
ti6n
lirlnir lr'rr 'l(/ sir linh loirn cr'rtril i,dri3 chr birr3 ,6i Ii€u crla toill sd do. De rrrrh rt,dn gan ,]ung chi
lriru
carr ric clii f.iEn sau dir,:

l. I iirrr lrrol.q tinll tllco 9/o crla r\l:Or vi COl tr.ong boxil cho nh6nh Baye vd cria r\1201 vi Fe2O3
cLLr Iiritlr lhidu l;it;
I I'6n3 thuc rhu ,\l.O;:
-1. l'on tll6t Na;O cho in6t tin alunril hii trug ca hai nhrinh:
thu
e i'' rhi': rii'r r' b rir i' i'i. {'rr'.\r'u.. r^o;io, ri 2oo co:)rhu rroi Juuc sggo Ar;o rarii.
' ttrn lia:(J.62 k1:/t Al2o,. ccn tir rir boxit cho nhirih thieu k6t (ir% A);o3 vit z'Ig'o rre2or) thuc th-.
I'l,O: li 82,6. cirn t,in rhit l.iinr h lJ0kgrt t\11O3.

[,i i]il) ;{.it I rin rrLrnin rrong rrrrarrh I3a1c ci' : i00u : 0,5{.0,gg = 210 kg boxit it siric.
Trong boxir
nil chira 0.02.2100:4?lig.C[_r1. t]o cio Uri hda t6ch sd lidn k6t 59kg Na,O .

'l hco so dti. trrtti

cacboitat tJtroc t Lo lharrir klrong rlrra di costic hoa bing v6i, nri chuvi' clua n16rh
thirlu lit. \'i viy rirn thit c|ung Na2O trong nhiinh Baye le 62+59 = 121 kg/t alurnin.

Gi;i tiri:t rin3 c''r I rin i\r:o: ti ,hinh l}yc cd. x tin ttr nh6nh thi€u kiit. rdn thit Na2o trong nh6nh
ni1 :i Id 130:: kr vi\ toin bfi tOn thit ki6rn trong 2 nh6nh cho (l+x) tdn
AlrO. bing (l2l + l30x) kF
Na7O. N.ein r11,Na2O phii rlua r,)o nh6nh thi6u kilt vd luong kiAm nay co the rhieu kCt.

(l?il , 130;{):0,.103 kg Lroxir

s6 chi;r 0.J{)i tuon'r irnr voi t'ong ruo:rg Na2o can thi6t cho i l boxit, trong cr6 0.3r kg dd urieu k6t
A11O; vri 0.0!J kg tlO Iidr kit fc1O1.

Thiic llrrr alLunin 11iinh phim drLtrc xjc rJinh ti phLro.Lrg tr.inh:

(l;1i + 1-10.r).0.51 .0.S2

-=l'Jil{'l-r:'tg
0"m -
t),r rlrr x=l46kJ1 Lric [inhi.rr rhioukarchidmi.16.r00:t146=12.75%tdngc6ngsuitctanhi.rndy.hav
li klrrilirq I liiu it hol so r,ir-i rrhr'rnh Ijal.e.

'fttonq
rluatt c6nq srrit giLia cai: nhirrh. tinh theo brrxit. c6 thd xic dinh hnng carh rrnh toin so bo luols
r' .: . ; rl'i lr 'r.,r,.: rrlr. rt Irii r ^cr JrrrrJ I.l1 n, .,1
LJi U :

(lll ' i:i0 tr.l'l{r): f).4()j " ii9i,q lroxft. rtc li r:i jin ir hon so yoi 2100 kg boxit x|i l;; trong nhdrrh
ila,r '. r,:hiinr:

_r{9. tL)0
_ l-1 1't;,
l.lq - Iial0 -

269
' Cia toirn luo:rg boxit tiOu tiru trong xi irglii-p

D6 sin xuit rnQt trin alrtmin rrong nh6nh thi6u kiL p|iri xu 1! :

0,349:1,146=2,41 boxit, ttrc li ? 4 : 2,1 = l.l4 lil nhi€Lr hcrr sl v6i nhinh Il')c'

Tiing thuc tlur AlzO3 theo so dd lien hop bing

(0,88.0,8725 + 0,82.0,1275'1.100 =81 ,2ah

Lugng boxit ti€u t6n cho lt alunin thec s'J (16:

2,1.0,8125+2,4.4,121 5+2,1 4t

Vd luqng kiim cho lt alumin thinh phim blng:

62.0,8125+130,0,1275=? 1,6 kg hay 122 kg Na:CO:.

N6u c6ng suit cia toirn xi nghi€p ld 100.0001 Ai2O3 irong rn6t rldm, thi philn cur nhilh tiri€u k6t

chi6rn it hon 1i.000t, hay ld cir m6i gi.r itiroing 1,5 t, trong fng vui lrrqrng tlrittr l.ct trorig Jh l,r

khoing 6t ; song ld quay thrrdng co san irrrrng I5trh thi0ri kit phr"urr' Vi viy vrli til;3 cdtr'c suit
cili xi

nghiQp ld 100.000 t Al:O3 thi so d6 soug song it co loi, n6u hau chii cerrg
suit cira trlrhnh tlri€u k€t tr

mric tiii thi6u. v6i c6ng sutit cria nhii miy l6n hm, hiQu quir su dpng so dd phdi hr',r sorr; song sd tdng

l€n.

2. PHUCjNG An uc.rt rtnl

. in.niy, do Mazei rli ngh! lirt diu tien [11, thi cin giriu 'Al1O3 r'i Na'1O cua qud
Theo phumrg
,,'r1i di vrli vi n3tri ca.bonilf. I)rrrrg dich aluminat
trinh hoa ticir otocla duirc thi6Lr k5t tro,tg lr,1n hcp
pl''a l\)rirr:r .lra lioa tlinh
sau khi hoa tdch thietr ktit pf,im rlur"c lJli'l silic vr\ tr6n liu vLii dich
'L=r 'lLrng
hda tich ct,rcla di cing khliy pliln hr?, rrtri r'.rcbonat nr',rr lrung nltdn rltt,rc Lhi ,:i, l.-,riv hoi'drrng dlch

ciii clLro. c Liem irQn v6i quirng truic tlriirr l:l

Phrrcmg h, n6i ti6p thich hop cho viCc xu li boriL nhiiu silic vrl c6 nh&ng trir vi..-rc sau
'1i"':

. t. r6n thit ki€m costic tluoc bir lai ilor':n 1oi;il hoac nldt phin Lrint rltrcrrtg ltrrrl ' r:irri e:tcbonrt;
2. thuc thu alumin cao h(tn vi lu'mg lieu tin l'^iim thil hon;
r. ,,6 1d thi6u kir cin it h,,:r. r'i 1i,.',n l, r uliunin tlrLt !qi,i 11q1r1 rrhlnl ll rr.: ,liiu rrir linl giirn rit
nhiiu lui)ng vAn chuydri vir li'rr L L ' 'i'tr'l tlo Ln tl'r' Lr ket tlrr ing di''

NlrEng nhuoc di0m cLia so cl6 nd,r' Ii:

1. v6n ilAu tu cho I t altttttin cao lir'.'r :

2.thinhphincqndotrorlgliiLr..6khi!i..lkhiikhiirl.:Iroqitj.trinhtilierr|:it

).10
 - ... -.:-:rii!::!in{;+..#$e{**&{i;r'r,

hril, Iirn r.,.r,Ji6u ni1 : ri-.irr b,i rc,lr rhdt !.iini cua xi nghi0p r6t lhiit n€n br) lai bing nalri cacborat
l;Lrrrr ihrir;h phin cria li€u rhi6u ktjt. riu borit chua it sit oxit thi canr ci6 g6ur chu y6u li aiurnosilicat vd

dl lial hi: sit o;iit tiorrg ci-rn do rhi uon3 u.tiri cacbonrt c'rr it h,,n nhi6u so voi iuo-ng t6n that Na2O.
'lr(,11r iriy lucr|g kiilli carr rhia'rr phni bn bing l<idnr costjc tttt,i, hoic birtg natri cechonar
tnrunlt ltop
tr.o l qrr;i l. inlt cosric hor bdng Irii voi t6 chirc Lai xi nghigp. cii hai phuong dn niy cl€u din d6n ting

Eia thinh curr alrunin thrirh phinr. Co le 0i hor nen costic h6a lLLortg natri cacbonat du ngay trong ld

tii,,ri iriL. birng clLch ciio thcin lio can cio rniit lumg boxit tuong img.

:71.
. Nhinh Baye

Frffi]
_-----ll-_-
v
Cin du I N:.tr i 'r:l'unlt

Xay ddp
Djlh lrrgug
I +
l\ gnlen 'l hi€u kilt
I '|
uoa tacn I ldo tich
[+
I'I T6ch vi rria cin
I
I
,,
'l'it;h vi lrla cin

ttt --T
,,,/\
\
\,
I |;*gai.h-l
aruminar
cirncio
Dung dich | c,ul-:--'t
do
| | I aluminat I
|LT- L__ I

l"
i

J I

|tl ':n" I',hri silic lt; di

I'
I
KJruay phirr h6r
l
I aCn C:n tairrrg

,i
tl
Dung dirh ilri
I tn"n rila irt(c-rt0,
l\ ", khr'r silic

ll)*
I
t
lll\il': ''
- -
lloune,Li.n.ai l-l
I I r_l v
I I Rrra
iI + tl
C0bayhoi . *'

til
 "* .r .. "," t"**

So ,[r ri.. {lrilh I I !1 rJircc ri nghi6p tr{t trong Lhirr sr]n .hidn trrnh thi gioi thLr
tlirnr: r,}ng riii d.cdc
lui : riic th:'' thi horil phirn vi rao nhiilr rri lgou bang b,rxit n^i rlia voi 15 j6gi, Siol d6 ha rh6p
ciic clri tiiu san rLrdt. do do bit bu6c pLii -tiiv iliilg d cdc xi nghi6p niy cric ph6n xuong xri lv cdn cld

th.o 1'ltrrr'1r1 1'lr,'r' rllcr, i.tr

Niu nhLr boxit chiLa uhi€u sit thi lLrolg natri cacbonat cin thi6t di! bir lai nhimg t6n thdt kicrn
c6 lh0 l;h6ng rli de tao nin ph6i li0u beo hda cho toiur !Q cln do. Trong rrLrung horr ni,v cirr rhri nhDrrg
phari iiClr ki61lg bi'o hda. hon niril hdm luong sit oxit cao trong queng idm giam diOn tich tao thdnh
plrinr d{' mric cliing phii li6u bno hoa tro n6n r6t k}6 k}rln. rhim chi kh6ng th6 duoc [2]. Khi chon
thinh p|in phdi li6u nat,,trong mOt phin Fe,O3 licn kdt thirntr crnxi ferir, cin xuit phit kl6ng phdi chi
tir tlrri. tlru rlrrilrrrr lr kiinr. rrri con phii tinlr ,Jdn khoing nhiit Llo rao thiiu kdt phirn.

'li'orrg sd cdc pbuong rir klr{c cri th6 diing dd

xri ly cen nhidu s6t u6n nb6n manh qud. trilh thi€u k6t
hoAn nguydn vd qud trinh hda tdch otocla bing cic dung dich NaoII. ddrn dic, co cho th€rn v6i.
['lru.r'rrg arr iru du.'c trir,lr bjy rrerrg o cuoi chuong r,jy.

Kh6ng phii chi thiinlr plrin ir6a hoc, ma ci tharrh phin kho6ng vit cira boxit ciing rinh fiuorg ddrr vi6c
chor phui,-ug nn ph6i hop n6i ti6p ciia qu6 trinh tsaye vd thieu kdt. vi d! boxit hydragilit, tuy hdm
luo-ng silic rit cao, nhung co thi hoa tiich lrong ciic ld tnuay n;, cho r€n dirrrg phuong phrip ndi tiiip
vin co loi horr, so voj boxit nhidu silic vi lh6 phdn hriy, rnd hoa trinh hda trlch ddi hdi phdi nghidn
plirl yi li;p 511 1c,;rn trorro olocla.

I).i rrr,lr t,,irr rrrq i , i..lr gan dring trrung qrrrn cong srrit girir cic nhinh Da.,e ra cong suit giua
ciLc nlirinh Ilal'c ,'.i rhicri kct. gia tiridt ring boxit c(r hdm lucng 5lnk Al?or , 15% sio2 vii 20% Fe2o3.
til thit cci jnc cua;\1.;o1 o cdc r:Ong doan xi'r rlrip, nghidn, ph6i li6u vi hda trich gii thi6t bing 2,591,
io',,oi h;irit hrgitc lrong boxit, con tdn thrt NarO bnng l5 kg tr€n I t alurnin. O tdt cd cic c6ng cloan
klriic Lrira nlriinlr niy mir ili ')'k Ll2q vi 13 Lg Nazo. thuc thu Al2or khi lroa tdch d nhiilh Baye birrg
qiri tri tinli tor'iir li 75%.

l oin ir6 ci,n d6 dttcc drta rli thi€u kiL. thuc thu alunil tir cin dd vii duns dich khir silic bing
80ii' r :! i6n th;it ir'a2o Ji 180 kg ciro i t Alzo3 rrong dung dich tti khd silic. TiL 1 t boxir xir 1! o nhlnh
1)r,r'c,iuonr,-\12o:riodulrdichaluminatla15l0 0,025.510).0,i5=3ii kg. con iai trong cin 6ir -i 10.,,i
rl.,- i{n1l-.,- lllir!ir rt \.n ,l^ rr:r .. rri:.irlr rlrieu kit:c rlrrr hoi .trro. r,r,., Jurrg di.lr Ji lJrtr
silit' : ll'1.0.8 = 99 kg.rrl;o1. Nhu vi1 )rro.ng Ail{). trorrg Llrrng dich sa'Lhi trdn liin se i l7l + 99:
iil Ll ','ir tr,:rrq aluiuin tliirrrh philr : .172 ir.0:.5 i0 - ,162 kg

I)c' ci'1 kir phri hiirJ I'r'J jh:r.l0o-,r1,-n, cin cr'ra nh:inh BaYc lri 7ti.5,1.1, so
ci,rrll srrit cir;r nlriiirh thieir

r',ii trrnlci,ll:sui:tlh:itit.*.D€alirri I ralurnin,-..rrr ru lr l( 0l) :tt 51.0.906 -.2lrr5 kgboxit.

I j-l
 :'.
' +x'lae'"4'?r'ri ":'rj
'"-;'.

3. pIIU0NC t',HAP Kiiil'{ t-iilv l ii:il' x [i L\' ]loxlr ]lI lll,ll sJl lc
phuong ph6p ndy co phin gidng r,,!i phrrc;rg p,1:ip ptr5i htlp n5i tirp ci.t qtri trrnh Brye I r tlriirl
k€t trong d6 thieu kitt cdo d6 duo. c thay th.i bir,g hr'ra trinh hda trich otocla varj dirng dich Naoll dlm
dlc d nhirng cli€u kiQn iuong tg nhu qrrii trirrh ht)t tich otocla quing nefclin rd ric rlurnosilicat khac

[3,4]. Phuong ph6p ndy dlc bi€t thich hcp ,t6i viec .rri ly quing boxit hydixgilil rihiiu silic [5l. Srr
"oi
dd c6ng nghQ 6p dung cho loai boxit niy, Do viin nghi€n criLr nh6m Nlagie toil l,i,in X6 xiy dvng,
drrgc trinh iriy trCn hinh 112. So clO 3,::,rn c6 1 nl^,irrh : boxil \'i cirn. Boxit Lhru; xir l{ theo plirrr-,ng

ph6p Baye, cdn cin dd 1l1so phuong phaJ, Pono':rar-y - X.ijin. Di hira trLclr bo:iL srt rirrtrg kltoang nii.,t

niia dung dich aluminnat crla nhrinh cin, rnii viic ilinh luo-ng chinh xiic ,lu..-c tirgc lriQn khi tinh cin
bing v6t li6u. E{c didm phuong phrip ni)' l3 ry sa c()'rtic cao 1-qan bint l3) l:rrrr cho ihc chi tidu hoa
tdch boxil t6t hon. Luqng dung dlch dirng hda tach boxit cAn tinh tolrr dd nhin thrgc dung dich
aluminatc6o.=l,?.Nhuviytltqcthu.'\tlOrviodungdichli15-16"'. Kh,-,l vtii tinh toln Nind0
Na2O" trong dung dlch dua rii hda teclr boxit khOng duoc bj hon 2009/1, c,)n thoi girn hda trich o

105"C ld kholne 2h.

)14
 Ilitth ll).. ,\o rlo crlng ghi phvntq ph(ip riilr- li\n hqp nat tiip chi biiu hoxir t tiitt silic vd

Nudc r'ta ca

Hoa tdch
Xay dip lJr6
ocrfcla c,n do

):ay +
Tach dung
lJshian rra't dich

I
XiLr silic
+
Tech iin king

ril"h-_-l
de
I aluminat
khnsiric I

I I

Rta

Dung dich { | t(lru5y thiin

K6t tinh
t
llta l'ich

t*'t:-
i. ru
I
i
Dd
tuaJr
cii

:75
 J_.,:-!iJ*.# flfil

Huy€n phii dim .1ic dugc pha loanl i., rq rrLliic rDa cin Jin 1lilg'l f;a1O. v:) giir
'i

95"C tro;g 5 - 6 h, dung dlch dLroc khr, ., tic ddn p.,= 50U vi klrir nr,ng ling ctr cain do cing lang

len rO rgt. De tech vA rda brin do ttit hi,n rrgr. 'i lr cho th€n vao Irtr)ln o[ir 0,2% b6 Itt:rch so loi trr-rng

lugng cria cin kh6. Trong di6u kiQn niy tdc d6 chiy ra cia dung dich L 0,lJnr,'p, rr':tr nhr, ti le L:R

bong c[n cd bang 2,0. C?n sau k]ri nia, trcinq c16 chrla nhiiu kidrn vi klioring 25% Alr0r sti v6i him
lugng trong boxit ban diu, dugc dua di hira tiich otocla bing drrng dich . ii cLia qLr/r trinh h6t titir natri

aluminat chira khodng 500g/l Na2O. rdi :; = 30 : l5r qu6 trinh hot tich (in,l,;i str c , rrit clll rt'i cli

li€n k6t oxit silic thinh NarO.2CaO.lSiO .r,ll-rl, rlu,rc ti.lrn hiulr o 2 70"11 tlong nlra giir. Luo. ug v6i t6i

uu phq thu6c vio ndng dQ kidm trong hufin phir drra vio hda tlch otucl.r. lliu cirt tlttir khong qua
"'ircr
loc rhi him lugng Na2O" trong dung dich cii girim ru 500 xuong 350g/l; 'l'rong truong hgp ri1' lLrong

v6i phii bing khoing l,3moVmol SiO:. ]'l0u cin rlugc lQc trui'c clri cdn 469lu inr, tli ndng d6 Nart]"

trong dung dich crii giAm xu5ng cdn 425gll; trong truong hql nril'. lLLo-ng v6i t,-ri uLr giirn rrt.-rng cc,rr 1.1

mol/rnol SiOr. con dp suit uong otocl: .'li0 e i'iirrr ru6ng d.:n 15 at. chu lJring 1,h,i 10rr rrhrr [-h i
hda tich qu4ng kh6ng loc. Thgc thu aluurin ciiia qui trinh hda ticlr olocla bing klroring 90o,o voi psi tir

I0 den 15.

Ndng suit cia thiiit bi l9c-c6, dirrr.: il.i trich durrg tliclt alLrrrrirr it hi huy€n phi kh6ng pha lorug,

phu thuQc vdo al6 ddm dic cria dung ,iich ri ba d6ng tir I,i ,:l.rr 1,2 rt.rr/m2 hay l:i 1il 280 d6n 350

kg/m/.h ltirrh theo c{n kh6) v6i t} s5 L:R=t,0 trong c+n thdo rx. Dung tlii:li thu rJrr.'c cri a. - 13, mQt

phAa duo. c dua tli hoa t6ch boxit, phdn cdn iqi dua tli khri silic v6i rru co rndt cr'ra nidi cin tiing. Sau 6h

d. nhiet dO gin 100"C, p.i tdng l€n diin i00, dinr bdo c6c diSu liien binh tlrrrdng cria dLutg diclr
aluminnat.

Dung dlch dd khri silic dugc hQn li,, v6i dung dich c6i cria qLuiL trirrh khuiry phin h.,ir. co hr1 hoi

d6n n6ng do 500 520g1 Na,o vA khu.i1 rron o 50'C rrong 2lr. lrong ,liirr l:lin n,r; plrriri lcnr rlumin

t6ch ra.du6i clang aluminat, cdn or cria dung dich tlng ft 7 lcn 35. dung dich cii ding de Iroa trich cin.

cdn aluminat tich ra dent hda tan trong uoc rua, tor65n lAn voi dung,litlr iiltinritriit cirn rrhirrh I',,rit
vd dta di khu6y ph6n h6a. Cqn dd saLr khi drra hda ti:rch ot,,clil ch(trr nlriirt licrrr drng
NazO.2CaO.2SiO:.nH:O. Luqng kidm niy- duoc thu h6i bing ciLr k5ui1 ir6n vdi tl.ng dich ki€rn n6ng

<lQ 60gil NarO o l00oC trong l0h. Nlru viy sd thu hdi.khbing 90% ki6n vi n6ng di;i€n trong dirng

dich tang len d6n 70gi I Na2O..

276
 flJlloI,(.; i5

iiO !Ir\}.iFI CAC PHI,i()i'.ic T,T]AP KIETVI CHE B]EN BOXTT

D6 chon phLLong pliip thich hgp rrirar. cirrr chu j tha r pharr klrodng vat cta boxit, nroclun silic
cua quing. him luo:rg cacbonar, sit oxit, d6 b6c trin (khi ndug phdn lrty), ti giri giiia kiinr costic vi
rtalri cacbonat, cic chi phi vdn chur0n r,i ndng lrrolg, cfing nhu nhiing uu didm vd nhuoc didtn cria
phuong phip. Song clidu kign qual trong uhit !d quyiit dinh nhdt la ham lugng Al2O1 vd SiO2 trong

box i .

'I
i sd silic trong boxit cdng thdp thi gia thdnl alumin chd bi6n cdng cao, Udt kii airng phuong ph6p

nio. 1'u,v niri0n, phuong ph:ip rhi€u k6r it nhay cinr d6i vdi vr6c gidm tj s6 silic hol sd viii phucarg

phip tsa1c ii phuong phlp hodn toarr khung duoc dirng de xu ly boxit co him luong SiO2 cao. Song

trcnr tii li6u lcl6ng th6 tinr ra cdc chi din ld nJu biJt tl so crla silic cita boxit thi dtrt khorit n€n chon
phuong ph6p nrio. Chi nrdi gin ddy c6 thuc hiQn rn6t s6 tinh toiin vd su thay ddi giri thdnh cia 1 dn
alumin tuy thu6c vdo modun silic ctic boxit ch6 bidn thco phuong phrip khrich nhaufl]. MIc di nhiing
tinh loen nAy chi li sq b6 vd 6p durrg d6i !,di boxit bomit cria I{ungari trong nhting di6u ki€n crla dia
phuong, n)rrmg chirng cd cii hay la tld n€u ra cich thirc ::dc dinh anh hudrrg cLia. p,i d6n giri tlidnh
alura in.

t. ,ii,{H i{UoNG ctiA r[oDL\tsLrc cuA Boxtr DEN GIi TH)NH M)T
TiAr .'lI.Ij,TiIN CHE ]JIEAI THE) PT]|J)NG PH}{P BAI,E
Cdc tinh toin dugc thuc hi€n vsi boxit I Iungari c6 hirm luo.rg 55o6Al2q vd modun silic ti: 22.5

ddn 5,5 (cic binr;,19 va 50). Cring t,)ng rno,lun silic tlri c?rng giim suit ti€u t6n boxit.

Srrit tidu t6:r ltjrirn costic durrc tinlr todn tu nlliing dt lieu sau cliy. Toiur bo ton tlrdt ki6rn costic
bao 1liur 2 dai Iutug : bi6n r16ng vi c6,dinh. dai luong bi6n dQng phu thuoc viro ham'luong phin trim

cLra silic oxit trong boxit vd suit ti€u t6n boxil. con dai luong co dinh thi phu thu6c chLi y6u vio c6c
t6n that co hoc, chf it phu thu6c vdo thdnh phin modun s:lic cira boxit. Khi hoa trich todn b6 SiOz

tror 1",'i' clruven Ih.rnl. rrrtri rrlumosilic:t . Iisu 1'hin tu Na2O : SiO, rc,'rinh dil Iuong kiim khong
ri.J ,1i, .( \.r 'Jn.ir ln lr.if plrLr) hrnu I.i

Ilarrr.i9

;,. lrrr"lr:',
.\nlt
.
r'irn rr., crrr lro\it ,lan cac chi liiu t{i thuat cira srin ruiit alunrin thco phrrong phfp
Ua' q

I rrtn riur s ili

l
thu I Tiiu f i€u hao Tieu hao Thay nang

kh6,t/t u6i, , t NaOH, kg/t suit, %

I

2,17
 ...j;atwwFE#F!s!

Ti0rr hao hp slit cao, di6n ni.lg ','.1 klri ii {t; thiCu boxit (r'r ri .:t :6 ri nglii.ip ii } jrlrrali rling qua
trilh nghi€n khO) c[ng nhu rt6 xiy cl1p, ngiriirr va hoa tich, plru tliuQc r']o suit ti0Lr t6n boxir. C6c sii

li6u thuc titin sin xuit. Chi phi hoi 6p suit thip ,lc c6 ba1 hoi dung dich cii vi rnazut ri0 nung aluilin,
kh6ng phu thuQc vio moclun silic vri lLrr,,nr img blrrg 160 ri 80 forin.clro.1 tin alumin (100 forin =
34,10 rrip)

Bing 50

Anh hu&ng cia p1 d6n iirng thinh phin gii thinh vi t6ng gii thinh (riirl trirrg foril) ciir lt
alumin sin xuAt theo phunng phlp lta;-e

Thlnh phih gii thinh ltAl2os l\'[odLrn silic

22,5 t6.0 t? s 9,4 8,0 i,5,6

Boxit 2t9 224 22.r 224 2?.8 2r3

NaOII 151 i79 209 25q 300 ,i52

lloi nuoc

. Ap sirdt cacr !!9 127 I rl l4,t r52 l(;;

ip sudt thdp r60 l6(j 160 160 160

Di€n ndng 58 6t b.i 68 l_l 3l

27s
:tffi'ht'i..,.,.*..

I(hi lo 'J1

lvlazLrt 80

I rcn ruolrt 50 t0

Chi plri toiir xi nghi€p ). .1

232 240 -i26

KhrlLr hro I t6 120 129 l]6 163

Gii thinh lt:rlunrin 1289 tJ4(J i 4,19 1531 I 819

Gii ring ndng su6t cira xi nghiqp $ l€ nglilch v6i suit ti€u hao boxit ( luong boxit ti€u t6n d6
clinh

san xuit I t alunrin). chi phi toin xr nghiip ri lhdu hao vd tiin luong cho I t alumin ti l0 nghich. v6i

r1i t,inq siir hro-ng cira xi nghi€p.

l.idng suir. cira xi nghiQp l6y birLg 100) i Lhi xir li boxit co 1r.:l1,5 va trrorg urtg sd gidm ho{c
rnuJ,ri,', ilrco sri rh,,-u d6r cua chi ti6u ni1. llteo nhlrngs6 l,(u cia xi nghi€ptlri tidn luong chi6rn 54

foril clo i 11lrr:rrin, ciil piri khliu hao li 125 forirr vi. ch phi todn xl nghieP ld 250 forin,

Cri;r ciru ,i r.rng ti l; nthich giira nirng suit xi nghdp rrii suit lr'.tu h.,o borit childirrrg vi'i cong

doen bin Lld ( xiv ciiip. sdy nghiin, hoa t:ich, tich vi rta cin do); ndng suit cia c6c c0ng rloan b6n

trirg ( khLr:iy'phirr h6a, c,i bay hoi, nung ) kh6ng: phu tlu6c v.io strat ti€u hao boxit fuy tthi€tt di€tt
niy lih6r,p- iirrh lrLrdng ilin kdt que, boi vi gii tlriit rrr" dLrgt drp drrng cho tit ca c6c phrrong ph{p so
sii irii.

:. ,,I'i'N-T IIIJ'OJ']G CI-]A N{ODLIN :JiLIC CUA I]OXIT DI1N GIA lIIANH 1 I'
lri I-III'II}I Sr\T{ XTTAT TI'IEO PLIiJ'ONG iN I-IEN I-IqP N6I TIEP CAC
Firuoi'ic PI{,{P BA\} -'rl{lEu KET
ll,: Linir toir llih th,rnh theo plruorrg plr6p niy, gi tlriet tir cgn rld cia qud trinh hda tich otocla
I lgi ,\lrLlr rirroc tlru hdi vir aluntin thinh phinr tloru nlrinit thi6u k6t. 'lrrcrrrg Lrng se gidm sudl ti6u

,' I. ,ir r., .l,i Jl.i o ..r. .or,;.:.io..i bin,lo r .ni Ihi'i Uri li. Jien niirrl: rr' l.rr r1, .rril cr,'r LIri Jrlrl
ri Liirn co.;tic khirng cirn niia, rLlrung lri rrrit hi.:n cr,chi phr ri ru ly cin do. vd natri cacbonat va
vil. CLlng suil crra circ rrlrlnh phu thLrQc vio rnodun silc cira boxit. Ttrong qurr cong suat duo-.- ttnh
-fhco
tL,ii.r 1rrr,.) iLi thay rJii thrrc liru r\11O, 1'a tOn thAt N-a2O plu thriijc \'aio p. crra boxit cdch nirl xdc
'ir'lr r' n. ,,j.rr i.^t plr.r'rr r l,.ri n li : 'rr I ril tirt :n lll. -, .o lietr l'". 1'. 1'1,.
'
ltitr clr' tlrii'r Let

.i .t,',., .r 1.,,.., ..'.1;.,'. 1r,irr .rr .r'r t:1..

fia (l : 4l.t-1. 1,4 : (laO : iii(l: = 1,0 I

Cnr.l iir:.i)r |c:l]ri.r. ,r ' l.lr

219
 Chi phi cr cric c6ng iloan rhi€u kit h,,r trl thi,3lt f:6t phim, loc vrl kl Ll silit: cria rrurrr: tlieh llurrrinat

dugc liy theo s6 li€u Kuzonexov[2]. So vci phuong phip Baye iJon thudn tLi gil thi€t bi cria phLrong
phip ni5 ci,o lron [,lroine l5ozovdchi 11,' Lh.: r ha^cirnp r ri.. liirr l:r,.rl eh., nlr.1r'h tlri,:rr kit ri fit cl
c6c chi phi khdc cho vi6c xir l;i c4n,d:i,.lrro,: tinh trong giri thirnh cril c.rc colg rl,,rn rlLr.rr l:,rr, lri,J rnn

vi khri silic, Clri phi toin xi nghiep li; ,:i nr nbrr rlAi rrri nhrr ,r,. phip I)r.,,.. l;i-,i v1 .1,n,,* irhrin,t thi
cir thay d,)i gi lcnr drii viri phrrole phlir., n
'.r.

Cic lct qui tinlt to.in duc. r,i,' lr , :'i r c. L,i,r11 5 | t., :. .

Bing 51. inh huong crir p5,dlu ilrr .lti r,iurhi plri . u:r 1lrLr.'rrg phip lirlrr lrrrlr ...,rr ',rr,rr lr \l-O.
(phuong rin n6i tiilp).

Fsi Ti€u Ti0u LuoiI Ti€u i lfiLl l,r|on I )rrng

cria boxit hao boxit hao boxit g lii,.r kh3 h:io hlLo g .'\110; dich rlo
kho r/l u(It ti I LrL.ttl flllCll Na2CO:, I
CeCO nol!n 0lI(ic hda thch
I
!.it. irglt KEI ii rllt d rlrirnlr lnlelt Kct
l
thitil phim. mr
I
Iic t," o

l
-.-I
1)5 1,9 )7 i25i .ll 206
2( 6,0 2.,0
l

16,0 t,9 )7 li35 4b i

2t2
2l ii,{i 2,1
I

t2,s 1,9 1r3l 53 I

2r
2s6 10,0 2.3
l
g4 1,96 aA I
I
| 634 116 316
3a I 5.0 2,6
I I

8,0 1,98 )4 )119 156

i
311
3'j lti,t) 2.9
I

5.6 ? 05 )5 I 101 I 266 ,16

1( 8 .t { ,.3, j,4

Bing 52. dnh huong cria ps; dOncr.c thirrh phdn giJr thdnh vir te,rr,g qia thrinlr .-\L.tr. \trrrli brrrlg
forin) san ruit theo phrrong ph.p li€n lu,' r llruong dn ttoi t,tiltt.

gi6 tharnh lt Al:O3 ,\,1odun silic

2Cti I90 13i 111

Ap suit cao vi rip suit th.'ip 218 llii 289

Dign ning 59 00 6i

Khi Io OL 6l

CaCO;+NalCOr I l1) 18.1

Cring tloan thiCu ket

280
 .,'.*,"$.''..*+sl.t#ffi m*t,
ll.r. t.rn rl' ir, l.rr 1 Lirp '.1 i.l'u ili.
I[a;r:l Lt t'i
Chi phi toan r;i l1l,i€1r EU .'i0 8C

lihlrr lirro ),21 2.31 2.,+0 r58 326

r rcn lrrollll 1.t9 ltl l.l8 148 lE7

T6ng 3id thinh I t A12O. 45 46 4ri 4tl 53

1252 I310 1429 1429 l6 93

3. ITNFI TILIO}JG CIJA MODLIN SIL]C C{IA BOXIT DEN GIA TIIANH I t
AI,UI\4IN SAN XUAT BANG PI.ruONG PI]AP THIEU KET
Cdc ti^h toi'duQ'c thuc hi6n v6i boxir co hdm.lucmg Al2or 509/0 va Sio2 tu.l-16% v6i
d6 i'r
219lo. Gii thiai ri'g t6rg hin lugng Fezo; va sio? trcng boxit lu6n luon
bing 109". cirirn ham luorrg
fe103 sd tlng itrong irng him luonq SiOl vi rrgr_roc lai. kl0ng phu thu6c vao nodun silic. lLr0n lu6n
tinh fl,'"i li':u trio I, r.

l hLrc thu alumin thLrong phdr'phu thu6c

vio modun silic vi bing g5% doi voi bo\ir rt silic ([s,
- I2.5) vi 75i'o dui y6i boxir nhicu sillic (p5i = 3,l2). Tiin th6t kicm duo! xiic dinh theo t6n thdp
alutnin trong thrinh phin aluminnronosilicat (p3; = 4,16). vi tit ci cric xi nghi6p alunrin cua l.lungary
ddu rin xuit theo phuong phdp Baye non dii tinh torin da ding c6c so Ii6u ciia iien
xo, .o rrnrr rai ,ii
dung cho nlriing didu ki6n cria I-Iungary. cie thidt ring ndng rlQ cria dung dich aluminat sau khi
hda
l:'rch Lhiiu k6r ph6rn li co clinh, hh,3ng phu thu6c vio modun silic h.ong boxit vi nhu viy
sd ti€u ttin 5 t
hoi. 8'10 nrr khi Id, 50m3 nudc, vd 0,032r Man:t cho 1 t Alz()r. c6c clri phi ndy l.it it t,oa" kh6ng hoin
t,rirt llrrr tirucc rir'tl.anlr phan cua borir v.i rong cua ching rrrong ur,g bing t60'6{+lj'j5: :'-l
furin.

lhan bdt vi dicn ning ti6u tdn cho cd qu6 trinh chudn bi ld thieu kdt tieu, Jo ,lo su6t tieLr h1o
ching ti li thulin v<ii trglg; lugng lidu I tAl2O;. p6i r,6i boxit co p5; = ,1,16 thi tieu hao b6t than liy
birrg l200kg. con rriu lrao nlrng luung bilg 725h!\.h cho I t alurnin.

Ili
tinh tolrr. t:iron don gi6 cho I t b6t than ld 320forin va I kr.v.h La 0,20 forin. D6i voi cdc ri
nghi6p cing c6ng sudt thi chi phi lJrdu hao rinh trerl 1 t alumin riy bi'g r,5 lan vd tidn rrrorg liy
bing
2.5 Lin cao hon so v6i sin xu6t theo phuong phrip Baye, ci)n phi tdn todn xi nghi6p thi li1, tuong t;
(cric btue 53 vii 5-1)

l.!ilg 53. rinh hLLfurg p5, cria boxir di,: c,Lc chi ridu sin xLrit alLrnrinat theo phirong phip thi€u i<6t.

Ivfod ur r l'lruc thu Thuc tiru Ti0u hao Ti0u hao Ti€u bao Luo..ng Ning
silic crra .'\11O,. "', Na O.ll'o borir kho, Na2CO.. [ir[iO;, li0u khd. cLla xt
] boxit gr. kg/t Kpl kg,,t KEt

l:,50 2150 162 3 L4 ,{ii6

6.2s 2'140 209 538 .1.1.18

281
 Biug S.t.inh huong cira p5, d6n clc rhinh phir, 3ii th)nh r"i rjng -.'ii th.inlr I I .rlrrnrin r tinL banc
forin) sin xLrdt theo phuong phip rhiirr k6t.

c thinh phan gii thanh I t Al1or ,\ !odun silic

1? 5 ,l, t i, 3, l2

Boxit 232 210 131 li5

CaCOr i3 28 ,,|5 56

Na2C03 8l r 05 t 28 150

Khi ld, nu6c, hoi, mazut 274 2:/ 4 274

Mri€n li€u 377 357 384 404

DiQn ning 125 135 115 r52

KJrau nao 163 175 r98

fnr ton (oan xt ngnl9p 2t6 233 2.50 ?,62

Tidn luong 113 l2i 130 l]7

Tiing gii thinh lt Al2O3 1554 1638 1'/21 1168

4. iNHTftTONG CTA MODLXI,W.]C CUA BONTDIi,\T GI.4 r-.TTIJA,H ] I

AIU],'!IN S}N XU|T THEO PIIL|U\'IG iN L\EN f TQP {i Oi( T]]\'C
BAT'E THIE(] T:Ji't. 'C,''
PI]U'ONG PHLP
Cilc tirh to;n thtrc lri€n rip Jprig cho,.'riir rliSu kiOn sau d!y: a) c6ng srtit cua nhirrrh thi€tr k5t
drro.o
chi dli d6 bn lgi t6n thSt kidm costic; b) ti s6 co:Jic trong boxit ctia nhdlh llaye thay c!0i trong ph4rn.r'i
rQng, cdn trong boxit cua nhinh thi6u k6i thi Oi,,h vd bing 4,l6; r) thuc tlur Ahol tir lhieu lidt phinl
"6
f,E,,g 10"", cui thuc rl,u NalU r,ing 61".o .,,rlr lrrrrrrf cilr motlrrn rilic llurtr, hn\il .'it:, rthrit,h l,rL5r l,irt
c6ng suit cria nhlnh thicu kat, xri l1i boxit c'i ir51 = 4,16, dugc n6u ra dtrrii diy:

Irs, clia boxit trong trhirh baye 21.:r 12,5 8'{r 6'A

11., trung birrh i5:' I0.0 6"r :.''l

ri 'o tong str.lt ctrr nlr..t'h

rlrietr I ,lt
so voi t6ng c6ng suit.o o
(i,0 [,0 1].0 11.0

Giir thinh cira 1 t aiut.iu rJLrcr,: tinh t5eo !lhi'1g s6 liiu trutc 11'11''. lil ting cic tich ctia pltin
alimin tr.ong ttmg nhdnh vgi gi6 ihlnh cin I t:ilrtmir ;rin xuit lhco hnrl phtrtxtg phrip Beyc vi thiirt
kiit (bing 55)

l8?-
 Itilg 55. enh liLrdnlt cLlrr 1r;, itrung L.iLrh) crl b,--..lit d6n gid thinh 1t alunrn itirrh bing forin) sil
r1 1r . ., n 1,:Ir..pa.'r I,Jtr! t..:

r; tlr,r,tr .'r1" ffii"i"iii" *" *'it ,.rL-,rg nlrriinti Chi pl'i Giri thinh I t
NarCOr At:01
ija;r e (lJnng iinh Thidu kdt (kh6ng tinh
NTTOII)

148 1208

200 1:]00

215 1438

lE0 1600

llarr13 56. Anh huong cria 1r,, cua boxit ddn gi6 thiinh lt alumin (tinh beng iorin; Lhi chti bidn boxit
pltlm r i nhr.r nharr lfong cii 2 nhtilh cia phuon; an liin ho-p sc,rrg sorrg cdc phuolg ph6p Bayc thiOLL
K( I

rr., crrr bos it LLtgrg alrrnin Gi6 thinh cia pbAn alunrin tu Chi phi cho Gia thdnh
nhin cluo-c nhilnlr Na1C03 AI?Ol
trong nhinlr
thieu kdt,% Baye (kh6ng Thi6u kct
tinh NaOH) (ki6ng tirtr
Na2CO3)

12.r.) . I i,8 1000 165 108 t2'13

3.5 1 6,i 1030 145 r4li

6,5 \9.'i L 110 291 17t r 600

-l'ir
thinh alumin khi xu lli boxit c6 cirng p51 trung birlr troug
cric s6 li6u cria Lrini-l 56 ta thdy gi6
ci I rhinlr cao hrn klrj xu l;i Lrorit it silic trorg rrhinh bayc vri boxit nhii'u silic trong nhinh thieu ker
do a[-, nin phin loli boxrt tlreo iram luo-ng SiO, khi chd biiln chiurg bing phuolg phdp balc - thi6u

(]rc tjnlj loin riii lrin dLrtrc thuc hi6n 6p dtrng cho nhirng diiu kidn cL'ra nu6c CQng hoa nhdn dAn
IJung.;rr-.. noi co borit gri 16 nlrune ning l,nig vi kiim gii c1it. su tlray d6i gi6 boiit, ki0rn. nhi6n lieLr,
rlicn nr:rne r-i cic chi ti€rr klric inh hudrtg l6n ddn rlang cLia ttug duong bi6Lr diEu gii rhinh. do do cin
chri ,i khi dinh gii c;ic phrrllg piiip kiinr dirn3 rl3 cli6 bi€n hoxit tiry thudc r,iu 1r ,.
:}
l-ir r:ir: rluong bicu diir Irin Sinh 113 ta thdl'tr.orll virnr tv:id silic cao {rl , 'S) l.hrrong plrio rhiiu Lrr
lit l,ltrirrn. phrip dii;rhit. corr phL,irng phiip xu ly song song ri6ng boxit nirr"rr -ilr. rl rr silic la phLr,rln
r , ,1 c rtlr.,i. ( rr: l :r'r,'r,: r.1 ,1 , r.,: !lri!r)1 !, iri ;:,r -i,rrr .
,-.in1t giirir I,r s0 sjli. trrrrg'Lrr'ril. tinh utt iiSt cua ci; plrrrcng phdp khiic so riri phrr.rnq plrilr
llri,r . L,it girirn c:lir!: nh.r!h ,.i 'iri - 7 titi phrrotrg nbdp lia'ic tro n€n lL,n khrtrrr henr phtrorg phiilr
'-l.,
2Ul
thi;u ki|, tLro..g irng vii giao ilidm irie juorrg biiLr diJn gii thinll alutnitt sitt r-urit dico hli phuone
ph6p niy. Voi nsi n6i tr€n circ phuon.s:.;in rhi bit. boxir khtic. trLrdc hiit ii ph*ong i. s.ng
song, vdn

c6 lqi horr phrrong ph6p thidtr k6t.

Ilirh 113: Su thay d6i 1l Al2o3 l'ii11' c/:r;;lrrrirng plrip kiilr lliric nhltL ph'r lirrr'^i vir' 'rrSi

1. phrrong phfp BaYe

L phrrmg 6lr rrii tidp Ba',e- thi-rr k'1r

I l)hrt.-tng rri tlrii(r hil

4. plttroag an song song lirl'c"tlri6u k.lt

-5. phuorg 6n song song xu lli cinil lol'i bi:'if

V6i < 7 phrrmg phdp thiOu k€t ci' kli hcrn phrrong phip balc don lhuin' nreidtrn s1!ic lrong
r15,
silic gin
boxit cirng thip phrlcmg phip thi6u kit cirlg co li'i hon so vt'ii phtrong I'i'i'| br)e Vrli nodtrn
- bi g 5 rhi gii tirr\rh aiur,in siin "uii L',i,.r piruortg pir6| thiirr i;it ;ir'. b.i'1l
giri til,rrh ch; bi€l theo
'fu,'
ph,rong 6n nfii ti6p ve plruorg in xir I! song; song ". ri Ii cirng rrCt lrai boxit trirng c:r lrai *ltirnh.
,rlien a6n cliiy v6n cdl tinl .u vi€t kh:i l,iri ciia phuong in xri l! solg so.g r i6ng hiit lroxit
it silic yr
nhidu silic.

Tidp tuc giim Tlsi cua llo):it 1:in tiri:g ditn 'q,.lt gri thirnh rrlunrim :rir:iujt thco plLuonS in song
song vd khodng bin=e 5 lhi gii thrl,illt crin piruong phrip.nr',v cing irirrtl ,'.ii thinl, .rlurnin san ru'it
',tiir15,
rltc., 1,1'u,rrgplrriptlli;uhdl \"i r1", ' plrr:or'r'lt ilr rlri'rr kir li'' l"i r'l'ir

1Q,1
 .- l.:ii;*;*r r:".Sri;r;t -.Fas-+r.r'li* '
.-', ,F*"*a ''

I
-;,lfi l"-:', .,i,,5,,t* I'huong phrip Bal c Phuolg phip thiiu k
';li;;
Xi nghi€p

Bogovlox Bogoykrx

t.\hiin lj€u qu.,.uoc. ku. clro:

l iriiir l;e t 950 1300 i750

L\UN8 195 lt9 139 190 200

Bi l.h.Jp cho n11iriin, kg 4,9 8,5 5,6 )5 9,1

l-llt'll l:.lIif',. lii\ jl. rIOilA Srr d..r !lln: 293 2.t3 4i9 125 I 161

Chuin tri liil

NgJl !Clr UOi .+

'l
hicLr lrit 57 51

ilda tit:lr

LO rAnl 11 25

I{,hLriv plriu hri;r 51 41

C6 bey hoi 86 38

Cosiic hda 36 cl

Cacbonat li(ra 7
]
NLrrg

IJoi. tr iir.r calo, lrong s6 ilii clio: 41 r8

l
]lira tlr:h 541 5,1 3,4 4,8 2,5

LO ranll '
1,61 1.34 t,7 2,,17 2,16

C,i lray lroi 0,0 7

3.6I 3,63

0.04

t.l8 0 i4

0.08 0,l6

162 3 0,5 209

lir.c nlliirg :6 liiu niLr Lrtn hing 57, 53 vi tlreLr don gii vat li0rr. nhidrr liiLi vd ning lr:org ndLr
i|cf I'lir-l -59 d€ iinh lrrir)r :uirt chi piLru nr,ii c,r|lq Jo:n .lro I i.iiurnin vii chrt ] t sin phdm c6ng dorn.
2gl
 cfc cdntr rl'rritr i-r r:i nlhijp (irrn
Tir cic s6 li€. rr€n b.ing 60 1a thi-\ st,it t,,i,t,, ciri pl,i cira tit cri
cao hor nhidu so v6i xi nghigp l3ogo:rlr'r' rrllc dl I'lrirr
li bo l vi phu''ng phii;' cho bi€n nhrr nliau
lrr,-'nrg giiia ci.c ;inghi€p (bing
Di6u ni1..chu 1,,iu do sg kh{c nhau vi g 1 iAr iiii' rhi€r liSu vi nirng
5e)

Bing 59. Gi6 vit li€u, nhi0n li€u v:i ning lutrng 6 ciic xi rrglti€p alunrin

Liiel ] l3ogtivlor

Nhi6n liiu quy rrfc, mplt:

-Mazul 149,,1

-'lhan t)'1 ;

lloi,rup/tri€u calo 16.,16

DiQn ndng, copecAirv-h

a'r 6,0

Nudc,copcc/mr {}t
'1,)

I copec : 0,01 rup.

N6u tinh chuy6n chi phi cria clc ti timg xi ng5i;p thei, 3i6 klri,'g rliii cira xi ttghi€p
i'.'ing dorrn
Bogovlox (bnng 60) thi sg ch€nh lfch giriai dot ng0t, tri 67 xu6ng 9 rup/ I t alturin. Vi viy chi
phi tinh

t ei aon ui ran pnirn a m5i c6ng tlo4n cia m6i xi nghiep phii chuy6n vd gih titd'1 ,:fra n6t xi nghiQp

ndo tt6 khi cdn xo srinh cic chi ti€u lirn vi;rc gita cic phAn xuCmg voi nhrru'

I.hdc rhrtr rit

Gi0a cdc xi nghiQp chii biiin theo ptrtrcmg phrip rhieu I(€t thi chi phi o c ie cr,,n'.: J, .'r,
16, m6c dir da chufn v6 Con giri cira xi nghi€p Bogoxlor' (bang 6l) Sd
di nhtr vii* Ii c6 stt khlic
'i
nhau rdt nhiEu gina tbinh phdn hor lroc cLia rrguy€n lidu l''rn driu

Ap dung v6i ri nghi€p Vonkhov, gi6 th,rnh I t alurnin rJir niu li c.o. v) f:h.r1,, ;o.ch toln
giir

thinh c6c s;i"n phArn plrtr: 7,2 t c{n nefelin;4,4 mi d,.rng dich kiinr, tr) tl,j cri llri tfLrr duoc
0,9 l ratri
cabonrt r a botal.

So sinh c6c sri liCu tren bing 60 vd 61 chfng i6 ring, v6i giii nguyi' liC'
rri r lit li€u pli' kir6ng
rldi, thi chi phi cho c6c c6ng do4n cia phuong ph6p Bave thip hon nhieu so \1ii
cic c6ng rloan cira
phrr<me phrrp thi€u k€t. hda tich octoclavi sau cl5 cd ling,r'ria vi 16ch qun-ng' re hol1 nhidu
lin' so vdi
t?t .U"* voi hoa tan, co ling. nia rr LIr&'il c t lri I'lrt cho cong Jorn rlri': r kit
',fri.,, cltiim gin ''u
c6c c6ng doqn cja phuorrg phap tlriiu l:it Vri d xi of,]rioP ll{rgoxlov n6
chioni
tiing chi phf .t]o tit
"a
gan:gg%'.hi phi cho r5t ci c6.g doan crie phuc'ng phlp llay-e. li'u6y phin 1rr'
,1urr1 dich clumin:rt 16

gdp 2-2,5 ldn so vdi cacbonat bria.

t,rrr tr:l) drrr lirj Sil{

Nhu noi d tr€n, cjc silicr: r'3 cll phi cr,ro cic cttn;r t1oi1n cc, th. Jirnl'rlc
,ji
thdnh alrrmin khi thi€u k6t v6i diiu ki€n 1i si riLrng thiit bi vi lritth.Jo
to.l tr' r.,,r r.tt"t lriin lrrrnh
iliti!r ntirc tit'tt ltair
Kttzone:tov clua ra vi dLr tinh toin nil'rfii r..ii phrrr-'-n-q plrep thiiu ket'
ilirrrrr
':rc
nguycnviitli€usaudiry:.natrrcaboni]t0,15t;llolit2,5r;i1lrv0i1,0t;IlirI|:ho.t.lIli,lUketphLinrlr.
durrq dich aluminat 9.0rn'.

vin cirul'dn vil iiiu plLrr' iririil lidLr ri nirng lrr' r g lar ' r"
Su.it chi phi cho
l' n l3 ru1' " r"r ri
nghie p Bogoxlov; chi phi toirn xi nltti.rl' li 'lli rrrP cho l L llttmtrt'
i o e
i:iii:5:r:,i::|:ii I l

|'rhLr r dy' ta co, tinh bing rup;

i-iii nguycn vit Ji€u:

I'iatri cabonat 0.15x-r00-90

Boxit 2,5x48=120

D:i voi 1,0 x i4 = 14

cfng: ') 1t

Chi piri cho cic c6ng doan:

.,, ^ ,. ,..
LLlUf,n Dr ]lqU \a ngrrqn: l0x5=50

Thi6u k€t l8 x 4 -152

LIda tan vi khf silic li x9

Cacl;onlt ILiia v;i nung .l 10

Ci ri3: 411

Chi phi toin;<i nghiip: 40

,,rt
non rlo llra vftr ll('tL phLr, nhi6n
liiLr r,i ning luong: l8
__6nr
Gii thinh lt alumirr:

. Cin chu y rllg bing tr€n dd l6i thdj, vi nhimg ndrn gin tlAy cdc chi ti€u
rnQt sii v6t lir)ir n€Lr trong
cria c;ic r:i lihiqp dd c6 nhiing ii6n b0 ro rQt. mac dr) vdy, gi6 tuong d6i o tirng c,3ng doan giira c6c
phtroui: phAp llaye vd thiCu k6t vin giu rhLr kh6ng di5i.

iiriug tll). Ciri plii cho cac cdtrg do4n tinlt cho 1 t alumin thco phuu-ng phdp Baye (i xi nghiQp t-han
( 1); Rogoxlrrv 12.1: tinh bing rLrp.

r::------t:
f, tl(,af clr pllI C6ng tloqn

I nutn ot lteu Ngiri€n u6t Hda tech

I 2 2 2

0.3-5 1,39 4,96 3,0'l 0.94 1,5 l

tloi .11,63 22.10

Nhiirr li6u qLrv L;ot

Di r,6i

B0(ch:it ilong ru)

I t(|l lrr, rn[ \ ii L);](1 ll tenr \ I h6i

289
Chi phi phin xuorg

rong cqng: .
5,ir' i],70

Theo gi6 thuc t€ ].,11 a4! 3.99 .1.10 I.:l0 1,0 7

Theo gi6 cfra xi rrghi6p Bogoxlov 5,94 I "\ 1-/ 9,-i5 11,60 ll.l r5,12

Chi phi cho I don vi sin phim cria q,.16 19,10 ?..1,,11 26,.r.1 61 ..r'l '12, rl0
c6ng doqn theo gii cLia ri ngli0p
9,35 19,10 ?.2,27 t,i .1-l l6.rj .t2,00
Bogolox
-i,21 1it,17 12,11 ?. ri t) 2,5 5

Ci'rig ri0r!t
-Cr;t-;";
tc',ifr pm;' la;f-oT,y t,oi
--l
7 2

DiQn utug 4.." i 483 1 ,19 L2'i -r- 09 ').46

Iloi I,l9 1,19 2,1)'l 3,1,9 5 59,65

Nlii8n lifu quy uot t).61 0,47 t.5l u.15 I t,l8 0,?l

D6 v6i

BOt(chat ddng trr)

| .r, , i
-,1
I len luong va Dxo nrcm x3 nol 2,44 0,64

Chi phi pb6n xuong 6,29 0,57

r ong cang: -3,89 -l

Theo gi6 thuc d 1.3 6 7 '71 1-l 11 l2 -l.,. 4,]2.

Theo gii cria xi nghifp Bogoxlov I t,00 13,5 9 3i,8t 2?. I 8.5.1

Lnr p l ctlo I 00r vr :an pnrlm (u3 ,.,3,1 ,1 23,00 lii. i7 )) I r..l
c6ng doan theo gi6 cira xi nghifp
Bogolox J't ,00 23,00 11.39 2I :li,,l 8 5.i

2,63 I lq 10,87

C6ng rloln

-fonrr
N,"rg C0:rtic li,'Jit c0r!
) I rl
.. .----- .l
Di$n ning i.5 2 I,t)7 0.rl i - 25.17 I 4.51

goi t.t6 0.8 | 1 i 1).lt l i !).l()

Nhi€n liQu qLry u tit l.tt 0,.18 (r 0l Il,1) I,ll

 1)ILi,i .
I
:9.81 I t8.t_l
I
T)^./-l-.:..r:
, Ut]l.LttjlJjIl] --..||]]

J rar lrrolg \i hao lricnt ri lr.li 2.r1 | o uu

Chi phi ptrin .'ruong 6,11 0,5 7

Tdng cr)ng: 5.17 | 8,j0

T|co gii ti
tiitrL: 21 ,13 ) 29,32
'i hro gi6 cr)a
xi nghi0p 13ogoxlo',, 87.28 100.31

Chi plii cho 1,jou vi s;irr phin cia 339,62 i 212.96

ranr. ,lut tl,c^ 'iJ clr.t ri rr,:hicp
B ogol{);( 28t.71 27 2,96

ll;.1rr;1 chi i:lri cho ciro cdng doan rinh clro I r alurnin theo phuong phdp thi6u kdt o xi.nghi6p uran
51.
1l 1 1t"por.lo, i- r r .r Volh|o.l (3 t tirrlr.bang ru1..

Khoiin chi phi Cong doau

Chu6u bi li6u vi nghidn 'fhi6u k€t

l 3 I 2 3

Urcn rr-llig 5,21 i5.92 ?4,65 10.06 25,64

1e,60
Nhidn liiu 121 ,l i 280,26 I
34e,18

Tloi
.i l

t\lr(tc 0 -ll 0.08 0.8 8 z,0?. r.75 | ,,u,

Vii loc
I

i
Bi tirilr 1,E8 9,1 8

Ti€n lLrotig r,i bao lricrn xd h6.i

Chi phi phrin xirolil

T6ng cdng: ] 1l
; o, t.oi
i'"'
1:t.t+
18,.19

91.35
72.i.)2

5 1.68 .
21.i0

60. l4
1q,14

qq )n

Tlico gii thrrc rd i i

i
'l:"l]1'ltl'1''"1 155''7'| i6s'7o
I4).05 :r )1, ol ll:):.ilq tsl.l2

:t1
Chi phiclro I don vi s.rrr plr inr rrnh
chuydn sang gi6 xi nghrep
Bogolox
65,1 | 53,i5 142,33 2062 i ,1
).t2,0 :s:, r o

|
i 0,J3 .]..11 t0,!)5 10,31 j).11 I 37,86

L0ng ooili

Il,ia irrn kiLri r;ilic vir cd lirrg Crcbonat horr vi nulg

L J

Diln ning 4,2 S

q.2 5 13,ttq 5,71 ll (),1
2 8,93

Nhi€n li€u :8,23 ,It,91 43,96

ilo'i 2t ,'i4 100,5 8 14 t,70 ?-) .13 .iii,01 2t ,8?

Nuoc 2.51. 2,63 1,8.1 i,lj 1,-t6

\/ii loc i l.l9 i5;rq c.?- l 2,1 1

Bithdp
. ., . , -,i i.1')l ,)? i l
-,l
I len lUcnlg va DaO nlum AA llOl 18.93 30,50 16,.r:

Chi phi phnn xuong

'^^ 1\
I ong cgng: r0 lfi 1A 1,t5,61 4?.,'t0 :l:,,98 91,59

Theo gii thr,rc t6

Theo gi6 xi nghiQp Bogoxlov 95 i6 1 54,10 I89,68 124,0'l ti 5 .10 2r0,18

!].'
Lnr phl cno I ooll v! s3n l)nilm unli
chuyen sang gra xl n!',nler
9.1,56 88,16 28?,,1U 124,44 t0 3,51 185,9
Bogolox
i t.30 99,?-0 23,39 1 2 4.04 r03. j j 185,9

Lunq ooitn

Co bay hoi vi costic h6a 0onq

I ) l I

Dien ning i 7.86 -tfi,I I I l:1,61 f i .t4

Nhi€n li€Lr 10,81 i.l9,J6 l I2,0,1 i93,1,1

Hoi 46.S4 iS.1f l9:i,46 I 61,5 2

1\ lt0c 0,l i s.8 u i.i l l:r.o-l

Vdi ioc 2,21 I l.b0 :.l t 5 7,60

792
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i li it',,p 1.88 9,1u

l
I i i,lrr iirrrirLt.,'i! birr, hidnr rri iri'ri 8.1.i -i 90.61

Chi iriri p1:ln r:u'-rng

'10,,1, l5s, ,19 430,40

] ",rn1g,

i lr:o lii thrir: ii

I llr:' \ LI I \l llt.ll,r ll lJOl0\lrv /q. r. 1236,23
t-
I Cliriliri
clo i don vi san plrinr tirrh
j churiri sanil rii iri ng:bii1r
l()) )')
lBorolox
t-

t9-l
 irtl,ri'i,Llc

CILIIONG 2: .......'..."........ """""' i i

TiNTI cHAr ctra. cAc DANG NIIoM oxlr \/A Nuolvl l.IYlilloit-1""""11

riNH crdr LU'6NG TiNI{ cuA NII6M IIYDrloxIT........ .."""""" """""11

r.t.rn6l,toxtrrsAp..................... " " 11

2. ALUNIIN " ".11

3. DiJO|1c N'UN6 NONG rl).DI.r.OXl'f : CAC DANC llit11l1i t;L!\\l {'tii\ Ntilr\l C)i11I . .. 18'

4. ANII nL/dNG Cr,,}e ltEu rurx T',.o n+eNltNttoM OXL-l V,\1{YnCr;l'r t>t"l't tit.iu
cH.q.r cue cHIJNG................... ..... '24

s. ritqn cnAr lu6Nc riMr c0,'i NIIol"l llyDRo]'l-f " ' 28

..., ',............. '. '. '...-10

cIIu'ctNG'3....

HE Na?O - ,\1203 - H2().'.........,.',.. """" """"""":10

t. riNH cgar ct),t tluxc; olctl r\l.titr'1lN;\T " ' 30

2. IIE l.h,O - Alror - fJrO O l0 vri {'0'" ." 31

3. DLToNG lANc NHt|,r cAN B,.r''-(j CtJ;\ DLr}iG DICI{ r\I-IJNIlj.] \l rl .ilt0. ''.''. ''''. '.'' 37

4. llLNaro-Alro,-tt,LrrJ95". 150i. 100u. '. " 39

'flr.Cl'i(i llll Nrri)- ,'\ir( r,' li,O ( jl'illflriiii'11{l[i1 i)')

Dl\CDlEj{NOl Bi'f Vil
-(.
CAi..l tl,".l'i,.]
." ' 43
KnAc Ntl.,ru
6. DIJONCi EA Ntilf'f 'l1l30o D'iN :noo CU'\ ill; ir-:r2t)- -r'llt)'- li:i) . " ' 43

I. DO ItOA Ti\.N CU.{ Dir\Si)O Tli,,r\il , i.C FlNrl nlall '\.1.1 \1N.\T 47

s. cAc DILti KIEN ]lir.* c0A Dulrc DICII ALUlvll]'lAT 4e

:94
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t,ilt.l (ti\ G PI-IAP l'IIIEI i ](It'f

29i
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3. Luu',1'TIIiNIJ XLI Lv btEFELI'i....... ..... . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . .17 s

cHU:Oi\iG 10...................... ........i79

NHtn\G BItrN DOI 116A L-i Tr{ONG I'IrOI LIIU IIOXI'i''\.',A r.iEIr{,LIN lflil
THrtU r<fr................. .............7',1e
l.KIIAINIEMCI{[NC.................,......... .........,.,..,.........17e

2. PHOI LIEU I{Ar NGIIYEN......,... ............ .....................17e

4. Ph6i Lieu Bao Hda vi Kh6ng Bdo IIda........................ .............. .. ........:..215

cHtldt''{G 11...........,.......... .........221

IIoA TAN Trrrtu KfT PJGM ..............-........221

1. TAC D{JNG CUA DLNG N,IOI DEN TTIANI.I PITAN TINEIJ KT,T P]14I,I....,,,. ,. ,,, ,,,,. ,..,,. ]]1

2. BAN CLt4.T TON rnir nli' SBill CUA A-l2or \/A l{n?o KHt IloA 'f \-}1 TIll it I lii,r

cEtI{tNG 12.....................

KHU SrLIC Cta nur{C DICIr AI.UMINAT................ ........236

1. TAC DLNG GIIIA DUNC DICII ALUMINA1 Vr\ I'JA.I lt{ ,<il
'.ICA''f. ... ... .. ... . . 236
^*Al'Rl
THANII PJAN vA ]jNI{ CIIAT
2. cila rtlr rue N,a'Tjtl ALUllloslI-lcAT Tltil'R.^. Tii'
DUNG DICI{....... .............238

l.l.Jrn-r}rcDIEUrJi;Nai.tltttii(I:r;i)rii.i 'iCci)oY,\xlifLrl-()lJill':jll.ic. ...........2!t2

cHrJoNc 13...................... ........2.{8

CACBONAT H6A DUNG DICII rLUrVIINAT...................... .........................2"1lj

1. 'i nghia vi thuc chit cria qud trilh...............,.......1.....,................... .. . .. . . ..248

2. CI.LA.'f LuoN(i CUA II1DILA] ... .......... ..252

.1.BlElllllAP l.iii'ic(ln0'l'\iI i iliriliLilAl.ro;t.liir.1,1.(-lr.''r ''f ll,,.'........... .... )€'t)

,(. Gr\CBONAT IIo,i f;Lil{ Do,\N . ... ..251,

6. CACBONT\TIiOA Li[N',fUC . .......26]

7. C/\CBONA I l.loi TRONC C()-f V.\N IL\Ntt LIEN T(J.]..... .. . ... ......263

L C..\cBoNAt Hor( THol KI-li -iii TR[^- -\i]iiNG VA iilltiAY IltoNBAl.iii I(llO]l(; (l-Il

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