AGRICULTURAL WASTE

MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
 Agricultural waste management
• planned system in which all
necessary components are
installed and managed to
control and use by-products
of agricultural production in
a manner that sustains or
enhances the quality of air,
water, soil, plant, and animal
resources
Waste management functions
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Sample of Typical Animal waste management
systems
• Dairy waste management systems
• Beef waste management systems
• Swine waste management systems
• Poultry waste management systems

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Dairy Wastes Mgt System

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Beef Waste Mgt System

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 Swine Waste Mgt System

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Poultry Waste Management System

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Production

Components that affect the volume

and consistency of agricultural waste
produced are included in the
production function
a. Roof runoff management
b. Runoff control
a. Roof runoff management
Involves installing specially designed
high-capacity gutters, downspouts and
outlets to collect rain and snowmelt
from roofs and direct it away from
feedlots.

Benefits:
•Keeps roof runoff water from flowing
across feedlots
•Reduces soil erosion from runoff
•Less wastewater may mean reduced size
requirements for manure storage facilities
•Contributes to an efficient, overall feedlot
runoff control system
•Protects buildings (including animal
shelters) from water-related damage
•Provides a source of clean water
(b) Runoff control
Clean runoff from land
surrounding livestock
facilities is diverted from
barns, open animal
concentration areas, and
manure storage or
treatment facilities

Why control runoff?

•Protects water quality
•Conserves valuable, nutrient-
rich manure for use on crops
•Clean, dry lots enhance
livestock health and are easier to
maintain
Collection
The manure must be collected for
transportation to storage or treatment

Factors to consider in designing:

Degree of freedom that is allowed to the
animals.
Whether the manure is collected as a solid,
semisolid (slurry), or liquid.
 Solid: scraper or front-end loader

usually collected and transported by:

(>20% solids content)

pumping into a storage pond or

Liquid: lagoon. Solids liquid
(<10% solids content) separation is usually required
to achieve the low solids
content.

Semisolid or slurry: pumped with a large diameter

manure pump or collected by
(10–20% solids a vacuum pump. Solid-liquid
content) separation may allow for
easier management of the
solids and liquids separately.
Components that provide efficient collection of animal waste
include:
Alleys are paved areas where the animals
walk. They generally are arranged in straight
lines between animal feeding and bedding
(a) Alleys areas. On slatted floors, animal hoofs work the
1. Scrape alleys manure through the slats into the alleys below,
and the manure is collected
2. Flush alleys
Gutters are narrow trenches used to
(b) Gutters collect manure and bedding
1. Gravity drain gutters
2. Step-dam gutters
3. Scrape gutters
4. Flush gutters
(c) Slatted floors
Scrape alleys
Scrapers are used to clean alleys

There are two kinds of manure scraper:

Mechanical Scraper and tractor scraper

1. Mechanical scraper
Scrape alleys

•Tractor scraper
Flush alleys
Alleys can also be cleaned by flushing.
The amount of water used for flushing
is critical.
Gutters
These gutters are at
the lowest elevation of the
pen. The animal traffic
moves the waste to the
gutter. The gutter fills and is
periodically emptied
Under Floor Channel Scrape
Slatted Floors

Concrete Flooring for Pigs rigid plastic slat floor for poultry shed
Transfer

Manure collected from within a barn or

confinement area must be transferred to the storage
or treatment facility.
The transfer component is an extension of the
collection method.
Transfer methods must be designed to overcome
distance and elevation changes between the
collection and storage facilities.
Transfer also involves movement of the material
from storage or treatment to the point of utilization.
Transfer systems may involve:
(a) Gravity flow pipes
(b) Push-off ramps
(c) Pumps
(d) Equipment
Gravity flow pipes
Liquid and slurry manure can be moved by gravity if sufficient elevation differences are
available or can be established. For slurry manure, a minimum of 2 feet of elevation head
should exist between the top of the collection pit or hopper and the surface of the material in
storage when storage is at maximum design depth.
 Manure that is scraped from open lots can be loaded into
manure spreaders or storage and treatment facilities using
Push-off ramps push-off ramps or docks. A ramp is a paved structure leading
to a manure storage facility. It can be level or inclined and
usually includes a retaining wall. A dock is a level ramp that
projects into the storage or treatment facility.
Pumps
Most liquid manure handling systems require one or more pumps to either
transport or agitate manure.

Other Equipment
Other equipment used in the transfer of agricultural by-product
includes a variety of pumps including chopper/agitator, centrifugal,
ram, and screw types. Elevators, pipelines, and hauling equipment are
also used.
 Storage

Manure generally must be stored so that it can be used when

conditions are appropriate.

(a) Manure storage facilities for solids

(1) Stacking facilities
(2) Picket dams
(3) Weeping walls

(b) Liquid and slurry manure storage

(a) Manure storage facilities for solids
Stacking facilities
Storage structures can be used for manure that will stack
and can be handled by solid manure handling equipment.
These structures must be accessible for loading and hauling
equipment. They can be open or covered.
 (a) Manure storage facilities for solids

(Stacking facilities)
Design considerations—Storage facilities for solid manure
must be designed correctly to ensure desired performance
and safety. Considerations include:
▪ materials selection
▪ control of runoff and seepage
▪ storage capacity, and proper design of structural components
such as sidewalls, floors, and roofs
▪ type, number and size of animals, number of days storage
desired, and the amount of bedding that will be added to the
manure
 (a) Manure storage facilities for solids

(Stacking facilities)
(a) Manure storage facilities for solids

Scraped manure that has considerable bedding added can

be stored as a solid or semisolid in a picket dam (also
Picket Dams know as a picket fence) structure.
Treatment
Treatment reduces pollution potential of the manure
Manure treatment is necessary before final utilization

(a)Primary treatment
(1)Drying/dewatering
(2)Solid/liquid separation
(3)Dilution
(b)(b) Secondary treatment
(a) Primary treatment

Primary treatment includes the physical

processes such as solids-liquids separation,
moisture adjustment, and dilution. Although
not required, primary treatment is often
followed by secondary treatment prior to
storage or land application.
 • Drying/dewatering

The process of removing

water that can be done
by sun or air drying.

Benefits:
Volume reduces
soil conditioner or garden
fertilizer.
• Solid/liquid separation

Animal manure contains

material that can often be
reclaimed. Solids in dairy
manure from animals fed a
high roughage diet can be
removed and processed for
use as good quality bedding.
Some form of separation
must be used to recover these
solids. A mechanical
separator or settling basin is
typically employed.
Separators are also used to
reduce solids content and solid liquid separation centrifuge for animal dung, animal
required storage volumes. manure
Solid/liquid separation
• Dilution

This process involves adding

clean water or water that has
less total solids to manure,
resulting in a mixture that
has a desired percentage of
total solids. A common use of
dilution is to prepare the
manure for land application
using a sprinkler system.

Tractor spreading manure

(b) Secondary treatment

Secondary treatment includes biological and

chemical treatment such as composting,
lagoons, oxidation ditches, and vegetative
treatment areas.
• Anaerobic lagoons

A man-made
outdoor earthen
basin filled with
animal waste that
undergoes anaerobic
respiration
Anaerobic lagoons
are usually used to
pretreat high
strength industrial
wastewaters, and
municipal
wastewaters.
Anaerobic digestion (Source: AgCert)
Anaerobic lagoons are
created from a manure
slurry, which is washed
out from underneath the
animal pens and then
piped into the lagoon. The
manure undergoes the
process of anaerobic
respiration, whereby
the volatile organic
compounds are converted
into carbon
dioxide and methane.
• Aerated lagoons

aerated basin is a holding and/or

treatment pond provided with
artificial aeration to promote the
biological oxidation
of wastewaters
• Composting

An aerobic form of decomposition, primarily by

microbes.
Utilization
A function in a manure management system
employed for a beneficial purpose.
Manure and other by-products of agricultural
operations can also be used directly as fuels for
energy production or converted to generate biogas.
In addition, by drying or composting, the material
can be used for bedding or potting material. Solid
and liquid separation increase available
alternatives for utilization.
 The typical method is to apply the manure to the land as a source of
nutrients for plant growth and of organic matter to improve soil tilth and
water holding capacity and to help control erosion

Manure is land applied using a variety of equipment. The kind of equipment

used depends on the concentration of the material.

Application equipment:

o Solids spreaders are

used for manure
from solid manure
structures and for
the settled solids in
sediment basins.

box-type spreader is equipped with a chain-driven conveyor to move

solid manure to the beaters for rear discharge.
o Slurry manures are applied using tank wagons or flail
spreaders. Some tank wagons can be used to inject the
material directly into the soil

Slurry Tanker Injecting Manure with Case IH Tractor

Applicable Animal ‘Waste-to-worth’
Technology
• Bio-organic fertilizer
• As biofuel (Biogas System)

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References
http://www.mda.state.mn.us/protecting/conservation/practices/roofru
noff.aspx
http://www.mda.state.mn.us/protecting/conservation/practices/feedlot
runoff.aspx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost
http://extension.missouri.edu/p/EQ38
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/water/agricult
uralwastemanagementfieldhandbook
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=environmental+scanning&oq=e
nvironmental+sca&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0l5.12353j0j8&sourceid=chrom
e&es_sm=93&ie=UTF-8
 END OF
PRESENTATION
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