SOLAR

ENERGY
INTRODUCTION
Solar energy is one of the biggest and most
effective kinds of renewable energy

Solar panels give us a greener alternative

to other forms of power

They are now more than ever accessible

and affordable. Solar can save homes and
businesses hundreds of pounds a year on
electricity bills.
HISTORY OF SOLAR
ENERGY
In 1873, Willoughby Smith discovered
that selenium had photoconductive
potential

William Grylls Adams’ and Richard

Evans Day’s 1876 discovery that
selenium creates electricity when
exposed to sunlight.
 1883, Charles Fritts actually
produced the first solar cells made
from selenium wafers

Daryl Chapin, Calvin Fuller, and

Gerald Pearson’s creation of the
silicon photovoltaic (PV) cell at Bell
Labs in 1954
Types of Solar
Energy
 Photovoltaic solar
energy
Made of semiconductor materials like
silicon that can directly convert
sunlight into electricity. The cleanest,
most viable solution to prevent
environmental degradation.
 Thermal solar energy

uses solar collectors to convert solar

radiation into heat.
Thermal solar energy used to support
heating or hot water systems for hygienic,
residential, or industrial use.
 Hybrid solar energy

solar energy is combined with other

energies, mainly renewable energy
The most common example is the
combination of solar and wind
energy.
Concentrated solar energy

Found in large-scale installations that

provide electricity to the grid.
four types of concentrated solar
technologies are the parabolic trough,
dish, concentrating linear Fresnel
reflector, and solar power tower.
Solar Power System
Three kinds of solar power systems through
which electricity can be generated:

On-grid solar

also known as grid-tie or grid feed solar

system consists of the solar panels, the
inverter, meter and the power/utility grid.
The alternating current is obtained through
an inverter which flows through the electric
meter that feeds electricity into devices.
Off-grid solar

Also known as stand-alone power

system has battery storage instead of
the connectivity to the electricity grid.
Conversion of sun light into electricity is
done through the solar cells and this
direct current is converted into
alternating current using an inverter.
 It is the combination of on-grid
and off-grid solar power
systems.
Can maximise consumption of
the power generated from the
panels.
Solar energy is a radiation from the sun
capable of producing heat that causes
chemical reactions to generate electricity.
Flat plate collectors are the devices used to
collect solar energy and converts it to thermal
energy.
Calatagan Solar Farm
Conception Tarlac


a 500MW solar farm built by Solar Philippines Nueva Ecija Corporation near
Pearanda, Nueva Ecija. The initiative attempts to use solar energy to fill the Luzon
Grid's electrical supply deficit.
Its 225MW phase 1 construction is anticipated to be finished by 2022, with the
remaining 275MW coming online during the next years. When fully constructed, the
project will reduce CO2 emissions by 565,440 metric tons when compared to a
typical coal/gas-fired power station.
3


In 2021, there were a total of 62 solar power projects that got listed, ranging
from small (0.21 MW) to large-scale projects (100.6 MW). If all projects were
added the total capacity would be amounting to 1,312.9 MW.
the country made a 2 GW capacity of renewable energy in June 2021 which
leads to a more ambitious renewable capacity, targeting the 15 GW
capacity at the end of 2030.
it is expected that there will be a significant and continuous development in
the renewable energy sector in the preceding years.
Solar Philippines initiated the set up for Solar Energy Zones, Inc. (SEZ) to
manage all the planned solar power projects in Batangas, Nueva Ecija, and
Tarlac. In total, the land comprises 10,000 hectares.


The declining cost of solar PV significantly affected the solar market positively,
and the solar installations in the Philippines increased.
Based on the forecast around 2010-2020, the electricity cost from solar
photovoltaic has been reduced by almost three-fourths, and it continues to decline
through the years.
Due to the lower prices of solar panels many solar consumers are gradually
showing interest in getting solar panels to skip the high electricity bills.
it is expected to increase the number of solar power installations in the
Philippines, causing a positive impact on the growth of the solar energy market in
the Philippines.
 The Philippine
The market for Major solar farms
Energy Plan 2020-
solar energy in the in the Philippines
2040 release by
Philippines is can be found in
DOE states that the
anticipated to Cavite, Pampanga,
country's
Ilocos Norte, and
develop at a rate of renewable energy
Cagayan de Oro.
13.4% from 2020 target is to
to 2025. (CAGR). accommodate 35%
of its power
generation mix by
2030 and 50% by
2040.
 Design o f So la r
Energ y Co lle ct or s


Flat-Plate Collectors
are made
up of an absorber, a
transparent cover, and insulation.
frequently used commercially in vehicle
washes, laundromats, military laundry
facilities, or restaurants.

Flate plate collector component function

Absorber Plate: It is a component inside the collector that traps solar

radiation
Insulation: Insulation minimises heat loss from the absorbing plate.
Working fluids: transmits the thermal energy from collectors to the
functioning energy systems for different uses When a fluid is passed
inside the collector, the temperature of the fluid increases as the heat
from the absorbing plate heat is transmitted to the fluid.
Transparent cover: allows solar energy to pass through the cover and
reduces heat loss from the absorber
Metallic pipe: to ensure maximum surface contact and heat transfer.
 Evacuated-Tube Collector
Absorber strip inside of a glass
tube that has been evacuated and
sealed against pressure.
In a tube-in-tube system or
directly from the absorber into a U-
tube, the heat transfer fluid flows.

How does Evacuated Tube Solar Collector Work?

Evacuated tube solar collector absorbs part of the solar radiation

which strikes the outer glass tube. The radiation crosses the vacuum
space between the outer and inner pipe without energy loss. Finally,
solar radiation heats the working fluid inside the inner pipe and
vaporizes it.
The heated vapor goes to the condenser, transferring its heat energy to
the solar working fluid through the manifold. Consequently, having lost
temperature, the vapor condenses and returns to the solar exposed
zone.
A pump makes flow the solar working fluid throw the circuit. The fluid
enters the manifold at a low temperature to increase its temperature
as it passes along the manifold.
Parabolic Trough Solar Collector

uses a parabolic reflector with

a trough form to direct sunlight
onto a heat pipe or an
insulated tube that is
positioned in the focus point.
Thus, the power plant's boilers
get the heat that is generated.
Component of parabolic trough solar collector

Mirrors- the primary function is to reflect solar radiation and

concentrate it onto the receiver.
Main structure- supporting structure is to fix the components of the
collector, which provides rigidity and stability to the whole system.
Receiver is to absorb as much radiation as possible and to transfer
this energy to the heat transfer fluid (HTF) efficiently.
Fluid- also known as working fluid, is a substance that can absorb heat
coming from the receiver and uses it as process energy.
 PARABOLIC DISH SOLAR
COLLECTOR

The unique feature of this technology is the ability

to use several dishes to focus solar energy at a
single focal point using a solar collector.
mostly utilized in solar power plants and by
researchers, much like the other collectors
Components of parabolic dish solar collector

Receiver- It is the central element in Parabolic Dish Solar Collectors,

which is mounted at the focal point of the Solar Reflector and absorbs and
collects solar heat from the reflector.
Supporting Structure- The support structure serves as a mounting point
for the Paraboloid Reflector and Solar Receiver Tube, providing a stable
base for holding components in place.
Tracking device- concentrate the solar radiations toward the thermal
receiver located on the focal point of the dish collector
Reflector- A Solar Parabolic Dish is a type of Solar Collector that uses
a parabolic reflector to focus sunlight onto a central receiver, where
the solar energy is absorbed and converted into heat
Fluid transfer pipe- carry heat through solar collectors and a heat
exchanger to the heat storage tanks in solar water heating systems
SOLAR POWER TOWER
COLLECTOR

A power tower is a large tower

surrounded by heliostats, which
are tracking mirrors.
Instead of using regular solar cells,
the power tower enables a
considerably bigger area to be
covered for a lower cost.
How solar tower works?
As the sun shines down on a solar tower's field of heliostats,
each of those computer-controlled mirrors tracks the sun's
position on two axes. The heliostats are set up so that over the
course of a day, they efficiently focus that light towards a
receiver at the top of the tower.
In their first iteration, solar towers used the sun's focused rays to
heat water, and the resulting steam powered a turbine to create
electricity. Newer models now use a combination of liquid salts,
including 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate. These
salts have a higher heat capacity than water, so some of that
heat energy can be stored before using it to boil the water, which
drives the turbines.
 SOLAR CELLS OR
SOLAR COLLECTORS

Although solar collectors are an

excellent technology, they are
not nearly ideal for the average
consumer who simply wishes to
produce his own electricity.
 01 solar energy is
free

does not cause

02
Ad va nt a g es pollution

la r 03 can be used in

of s o remote areas

Tec hn o lo g y 04 reduces
electricity bills

05 infinite
• Harnessed when daytime
• Manufacturer sell relatively expensive solar panels
• Solar power stations can be built but do not match the
power output of similar-sized conventional power
stations.
• Unpredictability of weather conditions means that solar
energy is unreliable as a source of energy.
Thank you for
listening!
GROUP 1
Leader: Malate Michael D.
Agripa Ferlinrose B.
Burac Sarah
Delos Santos Liezel E.
Magana Joyce
Pardo Mary Grace T.
Villafuerte Queenie Mariz Q.