SHS

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT,
SOLIDARITY AND CITIZENSHIP
First Quarter – Module 3:
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNITY
Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Functions of Community

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency
or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work
for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials
from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent
nor claim ownership over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ma. Liezl L. Eva

Reviewers: Ariel D. Dreu

Editor: Divina M. Diaz, Ph.D.

Fatima D. Doma

Illustrator:

Layout Artist: John Paul D. Figueras

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TITLE/ INTRODUCTION
Hi there! Welcome to the third module!

My name is Alysha. Have you wondered what makes your community

unique? Are you familiar with the structures of your community? How

about the people who build your community? Have you had the chance to

get to know the people who are the keepers of our community? How about

you as a Filipino youth, how are you going to contribute to your

community? To get to know our community better, let us know first our

targets!

OBJECTIVES

(Analyze the functions of communities in terms of structures, dynamics, and processes)

(HUMSS_CSC12IIIa-c-5)

In this module you will learn how to:

1. explain the dynamics of your community by recognizing the people who build
the community;
2. assess the structures of your community, and

3. analyze the processes existing in your community.

VOCABULARY LIST

Let us have first the vocabulary list and pre-test for this module. Make

use of a separate sheet of paper in answering the pre-test.

Aspects of Community- these include the structure existing in your community which

includes natural environment to the institutions made by man

Community- group of people in a particular area who are interacting to one another

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Community Power- the capacity of the community to exercise control over activities and

seek ways to employ available resources

Influencer- the person with the most influence, who can lead others to achieve a goal or

accomplish a certain task

Leader- the person who has the responsibility of controlling or taking charge of a particular

group

Leadership-the process and qualities of command and decisiveness with regard to the

necessary actions that ensure the welfare of the community

Social change- the changes that occur in the social order of a society. These are related

to nature, social institutions, social behavior or social relations, cultural, religious,

economics, scientific or technological forces.

PRE-TEST

Direction. Carefully read and analyze each question. Choose the correct answer from the

given options. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Pertains to the population size, density, heterogeneity, changes and development

in an area.

a. Demographics

b. Geography and environmental influences

c. Health and welfare systems

d. Educational facilities and programs

2. The aspect of the community that looks at employment opportunities exiting in the

area.

a. Sources of Information and public opinion

b. Income distribution

c. Local economy and business

d. Housing

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 3. A figure who is with direct relation with you through familial relations, affinities or

feeling of kinship, and social network.

a. Organization

b. Interrelationship

c. Legal authoritative decision-makers

d. Informal Power Structure

4. This person is usually appointed based on qualification, attitude or other

characteristics.

a. Influencer

b. Leader

c. Community Leader

d. Organization member

5. Refers to the changes that occur in the social order of society.

a. cultural change

b. social change

c. political change

d. technological change

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Before we start our activity, let me share to you my story. I am Alysha, and I’m seventeen

years old. Just like you, I am still a Senior High School student. I live in San Juan, Roro,

Sorsogon City. Lately, I have this goal of becoming a community leader so that I may

contribute more to my community. To be more precise, I would like to be a Sangguniang

Kabataan (SK) Chairman. But to be honest, I am not familiar with my own community,

its structure, dynamics, and processes. There are a lots of things that I would like to

know because I would love to work with other community leaders and builders. How

about you, do you like to be a community leader yourself? Together, let us know first the

dynamics of our community to become a community leader.

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 Let’s Read!

TOPIC 1: Understanding Community through its Dynamics

Leaders are important figures that will guide the members to carry out the plans in

pursuit of the group’s objectives. The guidance of a good leader in a group ensures the

coherence of plans and better implementation of programs.

In the Philippines, the government provides several levels of leadership, from the

president and vice-president, including other government officials at the national and in the

local levels such as mayors, congressmen, and governors. They are appointed based on

qualifications, attitude and most often, through the votes of the residents. It is otherwise

known as Formal Power Structure because they are individuals from whose authority is

based on formal rules appointed by the government.

There are also people who are appointed because of their ability to lead, direct or

achieve without an official leadership title. They are known as Informal Power Structure.

They are popular to others as influencers who can lead others with the most influence.

Informal power comes, not from an official position, but from the respect and appreciation

one has earned from the members of a group. This respect and appreciation allow the

individual to influence his or her peers in a way that others within the group cannot.

Examples are managers, supervisors, philanthropists, businessmen, producers and even

employees who lead their group as likable and charismatic leaders.

Legal authoritative decision-makers, on the other hand, are individuals or bodies

whose authority is based on formal rules and institutions. They are appointed because of

their intelligence, reputations, decision-making, dictation from laws and policies and

connections. Examples are the appointments made by the president of the country through

his/her Powers of Appointment as stated in the constitution or with the consent of the

Commission on Appointments like the heads of the executive departments, board of

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members and its leaders from any national government-related institutions, ambassadors,

other public ministers and consuls, etc.

The aforementioned (3) power dynamics are part of individual dimensions of community

which could be:

1. Interrelationship- community leaders are with direct relation with you through

familial relations, affinities or feeling of kinship, and social network, and

2. Organization- they could be part of an institution or an association, that has a

particular purpose in our community.

Hmmmmm….. I wonder if you really got the concepts! Let’s have

our first task that is on dynamics of community.

Task 1. Community Leaders, Community Builders!

Can you give me the power dynamics of the following community leaders as well as their

individual dimensions and a short description of the kind of work they do in your

community? Power Dynamics

Individual Dimension

Job Description

a. Barangay Captain

Source: Edoria, Alejandro. “Looking back: The first barangay polls in PH.” Rappler, May 17, 2015
https://rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/first-philippine-barangay-elections-may-1982

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 Power Dynamics

Individual Dimension

b. Social Workers Job Description

Source: Norwayblue. “Geriatric care manager and social workers,”deposit photos, In white
background, Vector Clipart 69726167, April 7, 2015
https://depositphotos.com/69726167/stock-illustration-geriatric-care-manager-and-
social.html

Power Dynamics

Individual Dimension

Job Description

c. Local farmer

Source: Soto, Cynde. “Farmers market clipart.” Pinterest.com. Accessed on June 17, 2020.
https://www.pinterest.co.uk/amp/pin/176977460333223470/

Well done! You’ve identified the roles played by those community

leaders as builders of our community.

Let us now be familiar with the characteristics of our community by

analyzing all of its aspects as part of the structure. Then, let us assess

the structure existing in our community.

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 Let’s Read!

TOPIC 2: Understanding the Community through its Structures

Awareness of the essential aspects of the community is necessary in aiding the

residents to reflect on ways to be positively involved in its improvement. The poet John

Donne famously said, “No man is an island,” referring to humanity’s interconnectedness

and the belief that humans are always social beings.

Being aware of the structure of the community and exploring its aspects will help you

understand the necessary measures that should be undertaken to serve as an active

member of a community and as future leaders of the community. The following are the

aspects of community and the factors to explore.

1. Local Politics

• Structure of government

• Decision-making power and control

• Major issues currently in debate

2. Demographics

• Population size (total number of people)

• Population density (ratio of people to the space they inhabit)

• Heterogeneity (the extent to which community members have diverse characteristics)

• Ethnic groups

• Names given to various parts of the community

• Areas known for having their own characteristics (ex: industrial area, blue collar

families)

• Isolation from or closeness to other communities

• History of the area

* Changes and development of the area

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 3. Geography and environmental influence

 the community’s physical environment

 the community’s location and proximity to highways, bodies of water or mountains

* existence of recreational areas concerns regarding environment hazards such as

pollution, power shortages, among others

4. Beliefs and Attitudes

 cultural values, traditions and beliefs of various segments of the population

 spiritual and political values of the residents

 available social agencies and the help they can extend

 perceptions of residents as part of the community.

5. Local economy and businesses

• businesses, factories and other sources of employment that characterize the community

• nature of business (owned by local residents or government)

6. Income distribution

• public assistance benefits available to residents

• median income level of residents

• income levels and corresponding percentage of population.

7. Housing

• housing conditions

• population density

• types of housing

• ownership and status of houses (rental, real estate, etc)

8. Educational facilities and programs

• education system

• extent of community support

• existence of public and private schools

• adherence to intended curriculum of the Department of Education

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 • attention to special population (e.g., children with special needs) and to cultural

differences.

• extent to which education brings out the best in the children (participation in competitions,

profile of graduates, training students holistically)

• adequate preparation for adults to enter the labor force

9. Health and Welfare Systems

• adequate numbers of health professionals and specialists

• social service programs

• respect of service providers to the needs and values of minority populations

• availability of fire and police protection

• safety of the environment

• the residents’ view on public safety and justice system.

10. Sources of information and public opinion

• presence of TV and radio stations and newspapers which provide the people information

and perspectives on current events

• community organizations’ capacity to update residents on important information

• the capacity of the sources of information to enhance the residents’ skills to promote

positive change

• the presence of community leaders who speak for various marginalized subgroups.

11. Summary Assessment of Community Issues

• overall assessment of community’s functioning

• dealing with social problems (youth gangs, poverty, abuse)

• gaps in social, health care, and other community and educational services

Task 2. My Knowledge on my Community

Let us be specific in describing your community by writing a short information on the

following aspects of a community. Please choose one factor to explore and write your

answer. The first one is done for you.

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 Aspects Factors to Explore (Write the name of your community)
e.g. Brgy. San Juan, Roro, Sorsogon
City

Demographics  Names given to  Names given to various parts of the

various parts of the community- Iraya, Ilawod and Tinago are
community the names given to the different areas of
Brgy. San Juan, Roro. Villa Allegre is also
the name called to those living in a
housing subdivision near Iraya part of the
said barangay. It is also divided into
encabuhans (purok).
Geography and .
environmental
influence

Beliefs and
Attitudes

Local Politics

Local economy
and businesses

Income distribution

Housing

Educational
Facilities and
programs
Health and
Welfare Systems

Sources of
information and
public opinion

Summary
Assessment of
Community Issues

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 Great job! In your own simple way, you have just conducted an
environmental scanning.

Becoming familiar with our community is important for us future

community leaders to make use of existing structure and solve
problems that besiege us and that specific structure.

Let us now discuss about the process of the community. Then, let
us answer task 3 that depicts about a social issue that post as a
challenge for all of us.

Let’s Read!

TOPIC 3: Understanding Community through its Process

A leader is an important figure in the community. Leaders must possess important

characteristics such as:

1. Effective Communication

-an open communication is highly recommended for leaders and their constituents.

There should be free access to important information concerning social issues and

public matters.

2. Development of Social Capital Building

- developing a resilient capital is among the most important contributors to successful

community leadership.

3. Community Engagement

- it is important to encourage young leaders to participate so that they are ready to

take over when the time comes.

4. Collaboration

- leaders should learn to “build bridges” and develop networks among community

leaders within the diverse fields.

These major components of being a better leader will help improve communities

by effecting positive social change, improve the relationships of their residents as well as

build community power.

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Community Power is the capacity of the community to exercise control over activities and

seek ways to employ available resources to establish a stronger and successful community.

The diagram below presents some ways for a community to build power.

Civic Involvement in Citizen's voice in

identifying important public prioritization
issues and decision-making

How to build
Community
Power

Developing structures Shared leadership/

or systems for shared leadership
power and decision- development planning
making

Task 3. This is it! the process of my community

Conduct an interview with the people in your community using social media applications

e.g. facebook, twitter or thru text on the status of your community in its fight against
COVID

19. Identify at least two (2) aspects of community, the community leaders who are working

in line with the resources available from the said aspects and their initiatives in using the

said aspect to eliminate problems brought by the mentioned pandemic.

Programs
Aspect of Community Community Leaders Implemented/
Initiatives of
Community Leaders

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Ponder on this:

1. Why do you think it is important for them to collaborate?

2. What are the changes brought by them working hand in hand together?

3. How do you think their awareness of their community structure help them to

function as leaders?

Let's Write!

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

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 Well done! You’ve learned the importance of those community

leaders especially in promoting positive social change. Now, I am

confident that I really would like to pursue my dreams to become

just like them.

POST-TEST

A. Below are statements with jumbled words based on the previous discussion. Try to

remember each concept by looking into the jumbled words. Have fun!

1. __________________ MMUNICOTY ROEWP

-capacity of the community to exercise control over activities and seek ways to employ

available resources to establish a stronger and successful community.

2. ___________________ CONMIMUTY CUSTRURET

- this encompasses the various aspects in the community which includes demographics,

geography and environmental influences, beliefs and attitudes and the likes.

3. ___________________ ABCOLLARNIOTO

-one of the essential characteristics of leaders to be developed is that they build bridges

and develop networks among community leaders in the different fields.

4. ___________________ MARFOL ROWEP EURCTURST

- they are appointed based on qualifications, attitude and most often, through the votes of

the residents

5. ____________________ GANITIONROAZ

- they could be part of an institution or an association that has a particular purpose in our

community.

B. Read and analyze the statements below. Write the word TRUE if statements are

correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.

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___________ 6. Teachers, soldiers, and other government employees are examples of

Formal Power Structure.

___________ 7. Legal authoritative decision-makers leads their group as likable and

charismatic leaders. They are also known as influencers.

___________ 8. One factor to explore in income distribution is the public assistance

benefits available to residents.

___________ 9. Community Power will be achieved only if community leaders collaborate

with each other.

___________ 10. Effective communication is the most essential characteristic of a

community leader.

ASSIGNMENT

Me as a Future Community Leader!

Envision yourself as community leader in the future. How are you going to contribute as an

effective community leader to effect positive social change and improve your community

power? Express your thoughts by making a poster. Please be guided with the rubric below

and the identified elements that should be present. This will serve as your performance

task.

Make a poster which would reflect the following elements:

a. You as one of the community leaders that show your role/work in the community

b. The power dynamics that you possess as a leader as well as your individual

dimension

c. Choose at least one (1) structure you will use/improve in the future that will make a

great impact to people in the community

d. Describe yourself as a leader in maintaining relationships with people

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 Rubrics for the Poster
Category 4 3 2 1
Required The poster All required All but 1 of the Several
Elements includes all elements are required required
required included on elements are elements were
elements as the poster included on the missing
well as poster
additional
information
Graphics- All graphics are All graphics Several Few graphics
Relevance related to the are related to graphics are are related to
topic and make the topic and related to the the topic.
it easier to most make it topic.
understand easier to
understand
Content - At least 8 5-6 accurate 4-3 accurate Less than 2
Accuracy accurate facts facts are facts are accurate facts
are illustrated illustrated on illustrated on are illustrated
on the poster the poster the poster on the poster
Attractiveness The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is
exceptionally attractive in acceptably distractingly
attractive in terms of attractive messy or very
terms of design, design, though it may poorly
layout, and layout, and be a bit messy designed
neatness neatness
Mechanics Capitalization There is 1 There are 2 There are
and punctuation error in errors in more than 2
are correct capitalization capitalization errors in
throughout the and and punctuation capitalization
poster punctuation and
punctuation
Grammar There are no There is one There are two There are
grammatical grammatical grammatical more than two
mistakes on the mistake on mistakes on the grammatical
poster the poster poster mistakes on
the poster
Source: Shane02, Gyeonggi-Suwon International School “Poster-rubric Ancient
Civilizations.” Published on February 10, 2012 at Slideshare.
https://www.slideshare.net/shane02/posterrubric-ancient-civilizations

Congratulations! You completed Module 3

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 KEY TO CORRECTIONS

Pre-Test
1. a
2. c
3. b
4. c
5. b

Task 1
a. Barangay Captain
Power Dynamics- Formal Power Structure
Individual Dimension- Interrelationship
Job Description - the highest elected official in a barangay, the smallest
level of administrative divisions of the Philippines. He performs many official
government duties and executes minor judicial powers as part of Barangay Justice
System, such as settling disputes between neighbors.

b. Social Workers
Power Dynamics- Informal Power Structure
Interrelationship- Organization
Job Description- A social worker helps people cope with the challenges they
are facing in their lives. Some, called clinical social workers, are therapists who
diagnose and then treat individuals who have mental, behavioral, and emotional
disorders. (answers of students may vary because of the many roles of Social
Workers)

c. Local Farmers
Power Dynamics- Informal Power Structure
Individual Dimension- Interrelationship
Job Description- person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for
food or raw materials. They are usually the people who do some combination
of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock. A farmer
might own the farmed land or might work as a laborer on land owned by others,
but in advanced economies, a farmer is usually a farm owner, while employees
of the farm are known as farm workers, or farmhands.

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Task 2
Answers may vary depending on the community they belong and chosen factors to
explore per aspect. An example is already written on the module.

(write the name of your

Aspects Factors to Explore community) e.g. Brgy. San
Juan, Roro, Sorsogon City

Demographics  Names given to  Names given to various parts of

various parts of the the community- Iraya, Ilawod
community and Tinago are the names given
to the different areas of Brgy.
San Juan, Roro. Villa Allegre is
also the name called to those
living in a housing subdivision
near Iraya part of the said
barangay. It is also divided into
encabuhans (purok).

Task 3
For task 3, answers may vary as well. It depends upon the most prominent
projects/programs they see in their barangay as to how community leaders work
together to fight against the COVID19 pandemic. An example is already written below

Aspect of Community Community Leaders
Local Politics Barangay Officials as part
Income Distributions of Local politics,
Sources of information The Local Government as
and public opinion the local officials concern
in Income Distributions,
and
PIA Sorsogon as part of
Sources of information and
public opinion
Programs Implemented/
Initiatives of Community
Leaders
During the Covid19
Pandemic, community
leaders such as the
barangay officials, LGU
Sorsogon as well as PIA
Sorsogon work
collaboratively to serve the
Sorsoganons. The LGU,
headed by the Provincial
Governor, City Mayor and
other local government
officials to make sure that
all Sorsoganons know
about Covid19 and follow
the orders given by
Rodrigo R. Duterte, the
President thru the
guidelines given by the
IATF. Some of the
initiatives of the local

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 government are imposition
of curfew, relief goods,
giving SAF etc. The LGU
coordinated with the local
barangay officials to
distribute properly the
aforementioned. While,
PIA Sorsogon updated the
community on the status of
the community and related
information about the
distribution of the
assistance provided by the
government.

Post-Test
Task A
1. Community Power
2. Community Structure
3. Collaboration
4. Formal Power Structures
5. Organization
Task B
6. False
7. False
8. True
9. False
10. False

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REFERENCES:

1 Semorlan, A.A. and Semorlan, A. Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship for
Senior High School. Quezon City: C&E Publishing, 2017.

2 Butterfoss, Fran. “Community Engagement and Coalitions.” Published on October

20, 2015 at Slideshare.
Accessed June 22, 2020, https://www.slideshare.net/franbutterfoss/community-engagement-
54190796

3 Ezeanu, Eduard. “Formal vs. Informal Power: Two Paths to Social Success.” Published on
August 9, 2018 at People Skills Decoded.
Accessed June 23, 2020, http://www.peopleskillsdecoded.com/formal-vs-informal-power/

4 The Official Gazette, “The Executive Branch”

Accessed June 25, 2020 https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/about/gov/exec/

5 Edoria, Alejandro. “Looking back: The first barangay polls in PH.” Rappler, May 17, 2015
Accessed June 25, 2020, https://rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/first-philippine-barangay-
elections-may-1982

6 Norwayblue. “Geriatric care manager and social workers,”deposit photos, In white

background, Vector Clipart 69726167, April 7, 2015
Accessed June 26, 2020, https://depositphotos.com/69726167/stock-illustration-geriatric-
care-manager-and-social.html

7 Soto, Cynde. “Farmers market clipart.” Pinterest.com.

Accessed on June 17, 2020, https://www.pinterest.co.uk/amp/pin/176977460333223470/

8 Shane02, Gyeonggi-Suwon International School “Poster-rubric Ancient Civilizations.”

Published on February 10, 2012 at Slideshare.
Accessed June 18, 2020,https://www.slideshare.net/shane02/posterrubric-ancient-
civilizations

Cover photo credit: Melody D. Legaspi (Rizal Integrated National School, Sorsogon City)

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