06/06/21

WHOLE BODY VIBRATION

Vibration Basics

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Vibration Types

Hand-arm vibration (HAV) Whole-Body vibration (WBV)

VIBRATION MAGNITUDE
OF COMMON TOOLS
75th percentile

Maximum
25th percentile
Minimum

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Vibration Types

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Health Risks
Whole-body Vibration
lower-back pain, spinal degeneration, neck
problems

muscle fatigue

sleep problems, headaches, & nausea

hearing loss

gastro-intestinal tract problems

Health Risks
Foot-Transmitted Vibration
Vibration-Induced White-Foot

Pain and numbness in the toes and feet

Increased sensitivity to cold

Blanching of toes

Joint pain

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EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
WHOLE BODY VIBRATION

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4 factors are required to describe

human response to vibration

Magnitu Freque Directi Durati

de ncy on on
‘bounce
height’ (m/s2) # of x, y, z axes Length of
‘bounces’ Exposure
per sec Time
(Hz)

Exposure at resonance is
linked with
increase injury risk

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Of particular concern are those WBV exposure that occur in the so=called human “resonant frequency range;
•  4-8 Hz in the vertical vibration directions (head to foot)
•  1-2 Hz in the lateral directions (side-to side; chest to back)

The axes used for whole body

vibration measurement

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GUIDE FOR THE APPLICATION OF

FREQUENCY-WEIGHTING CURVES
FOR PRINCIPAL WEIGHTINGS

GUIDE FOR THE APPLICATION OF

FREQUENCY-WEIGHTING CURVES FOR
ADDITIONAL WEIGHTING FACTORS

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Frequency weightings and scaling

factors for whole body vibration
assessments

NILAI AMBANG BATAS

WHOLE BODY VIBRATION

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NILAI AMBANG BATAS

WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION

Kemenaker. (2018). Permenaker No. 5 Tahun 2018 tentang Keselamatan dan

Kesehatan Kerja Lingkungan Kerja.

PEMBOBOTAN MASING-
MASING SUMBU

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Whole body vibration weighted z (vertical axis) daily

exposure curves used by ACGIH and ANSI S3.18 Fatigue,
Decreased Proficiency Standards

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Whole body vibration weighted X & Y (transverse axes)

daily exposure curves used by ACGIH and ANSI S3.18
Fatigue, Decreased Proficiency Standards

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Flow chart to determine health

risks associated with WBV
according to
ISO 2631-1

“Guidelines” WBV
Exposure
“Probable” ISO 2631-1 EU Directive
Health Risk A(8) VDVtotal A(8) VDVtotal
(m/s2) (m/s1.75) (m/s2) (m/s1.75)
Low < 0.45 < 8.5 < 0.5 < 9.1
Moderate 0.45-0. 8.5-17 0.5-1.15 9.1-21
90
High > 0.9 > 17 > 1.15 > 21

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THE BASICS OF
RISK ASSESSMENT

THE BASICS OF RISK

ASSESSMENT

identify where
there may be a Estimate Worker
record the
health or safety Exposure and identify the steps
assessment, the
risk for which Compare them identify the you plan to take
steps that have
whole-body with exposure available risk to control and
been taken and
vibration is either action value and controls monitor whole
their
the cause or a exposure limit vibration risks
effectiveness.
contributory value
factor;

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Do you drive or operate

Do you drive off-road? vibrating machinery for a
long time every day?

Do you drive vehicles that

Do you drive over poorly
are not designed for the
maintained road surfaces?
roadway conditions?

Do you need to adopt poor

Are you exposed to shock
postures or perform
(or jolts)?
manual handling tasks?

Do the manufacturers of
Do workers report back
the machinery warn of risk
disorders?
from whole-body vibration?

identify where there may be a health or safety

risk for which whole-body vibration is either the
cause or a contributory factor;

Along with whole-body vibration, other

ergonomic factors may contribute to back
pain, these include:
• poor posture while driving/operating plant;
• sitting for long periods without being able to change
position;
• poorly placed control operations, which require the
driver/operator to stretch or twist;
• poor visibility of the operation, which requires
twisting and stretching to get an adequate view;

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Vibration Magnitude
Exposure Duration • Manufacture's data
• Other resources
• Measurement

Daily Exposure Calculations

• Daily Vibration Exposure à A(8)
• Vibration Dose Value à VDV

Vibration Magnitude
Use of other data sources
Try to compare data from two or more sources.

• http://vibration.arbetslivsinstitutet.se/eng/wbvhome.lasso
• http://www.las-bb.de/karla/index_.htm

When choosing published vibration information the factors you need

to take account of in making your choice include:
• the type of equipment (e.g. fork-lift truck)
• the class of equipment (e.g. power or size)
• the power source (e.g. electric or combustion, engine)
• any anti-vibration features (e.g. suspension systems, suspended cab, seats),
• the task the vehicle was used for when producing
• the vibration information
• the speed it was operated at
• the type of surface it was run on

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Vibration Magnitude
MEASURING WBV accordance with ISO 2631-1

Tri-axial Seat pad Data-logger

accelerometer positioned on used to record
mounted in vehicle seat the vibration
rubber seat data collected
pad in the field

Objective Measurement

A(8) DAILY
≤9 EXPOSURE

RMS FREQUENCY
CREST
WEIGHTED
ACCELERATION FACTOR (CF)

VIBRATION DOSE
VALUE (VDV)

>9

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PENGUKURAN
WHOLE BODY VIBRATION

PENGENDALIAN PENGARUH VIBRASI PADA

PEKERJA
A. EVALUASI TERHADAP RESIKO
1.  ASESMEN TERHADAP PAJANAN
HARIAN (DAILY EXPOSURE)
•  VIBRATION MAGNITUDE à
data vibrasi alat dari manufaktur,
WBV informasi basis data atau
Whole Body
melakukan pengukuran
Vibration
•  DURATION OF EXPOSURE à
ISO 2631-1 pengukuran waktu pajanan
1997 2.  PERHITUNGAN :
•  A(8) : Daily Vibration Exposure
•  VDV : Vibration Dose Value
B. MELAKUKAN PENGENDALIAN PADA
SUMBER
HAV 1.  Mengganti metode dan skedul kerja
Hand Arm 2.  Seleksi dan kebijakan pemesanan
Vibration peralatan
3.  Training dan infprmasi pada pekerja
ISO 5439-1&2 4.  Monitoring dan asesmen ulang
2001 C. HEALTH SURVEILLANCE

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SNI 7186:2009
METODE PENGUKURAN PERCEPATAN GETARA
SELURUH TUBUH PADA SIKAP KERJA DUDUK

SNI 7186:2009 : Metode Pengukuran Percepatan Getara Seluruh Tubuh Pada Sikap Kerja Duduk

RUANG LINGKUP

Standar ini memuat metode pengukuran

percepatan seluruh tubuh (whole body vibration)

SNI 7186:2009 : Metode Pengukuran Percepatan Getara Seluruh Tubuh Pada Sikap Kerja Duduk

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ISTILAH & DEFINISI

Getaran
• Gerakan teratur/tidak teratur suatu benda dengan arah bolak balik dari kedudukan keseimbangannya

Percepatan
• Perubahan kecepatan terhadap waktu

Frekuensi
• Jumlah gerakan periodik/bolak balik getaran persatuan waktu

Akselerometer/tranducer
• Sensor untuk mengukur percepatan dari suatu getaran

Crest Factor
• Rasio nilai maksimum percepatan getaran dengan pembobotan frekuensi terhadap percepatan rata-
rata
• Getaran Konstan à Crest Factor ≤ 9
• Getaran Kejut à getaran dengan crest factor > 9

METODE PENGUKURAN
PRINSIP PENGUKURAN
Percepatan getaran diukur dengan menggunakan alat vibration
meter pada posisi kerja duduk selama rentang waktu tertentu

Getaran diterima oleh tranducer dan diubah menjadi sinyak listrik

dikuatkan oleh amplifier diteruskan ke layar

Getaran diukur berdasarkan arah sistem koordinat pada titik dimana

getaran merambat ke tubuh

Lokasi tranducer pada satu titik pengukuran ditempatkan secara

orthogonal dan berdekatan.

Sistem koordinat arah pengukuran getaran seperti pada gambar

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METODE PENGUKURAN
PERALATAN
Human Vibration Meter

Akselerometer tiga sumbu (triaxial accelerometer)

Bantalan (pad)

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Transducer for WBV & HAV

Accelerometer Tri-axial
Rubber disc
Accelerometer

WBV HAV

Tri-axial Mounting adapter

Accelerometer

METODE PENGUKURAN
CARA PENGUKURAN
Hubungkan rangkaian tranducer dengan unit vibration meter

Letakkan tranduser pada area antara tubuh dengan alas duduk

Naraukur menduduki bandalan tranducer

Hidupkan alat dan atur pembobotan frekuensi

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Transducer Mounting WBV

METODE PENGUKURAN
CARA PENGUKURAN
Lakukan pengukuran sesuai petunjuk alat

Lama pengukuran 1 menit dengan pembacaan 3 kali

masing-masing selama 20 detik
•  Untuk sumber getaran konstan periode pengukuran sedikit 2 kali
•  Untuk sumber getaran kejut periode pengukuran paling sedikit 4
kali sesuai dengan fluktuasi getaran

Catat hasil pengukuran dalam formulir

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Measuring
WBV

Reference : ISO 2631.1:1997

Preferable to measure over the entire exposure time/at least 20 min/ be at

least 3 min. long & repeated to achieve > 20 min. Longer measurements
of 2 hours or more are preferable (half /full working day)

Seat Pad fixed to the floor or seat using tape or a strap to ensure that the
accelerometer remains at the desired position.

RMS vibration magnitude, Peak value, MTVV and VDV of the frequency-
weighted acceleration should be measured simultaneously in all three
directions.

ISO 2631.1:1997 requires the use of Wk in the Z-direction, whereas Wd is

used for the acceleration in the X- and Y-directions

VIBRATION MEASUREMENT
ISO 2631-1:1997 (E)

DURATION OF MEASUREMENT
• The duration of measurement shall be sufficient
to ensure reasonable statistical precision and to
ensure that the vibration is typical of the
exposures which are being assessed. The
duration of measurement shall be reported
• Where complete exposure consists of various
periods of different characteristics, separate
analysis of the various periods may be required

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PERHITUNGAN

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PERHITUNGAN

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EVALUASI PAPARAN
GETARAN
Evaluasi berdasarkan percepatan akar
kuadrat rata-rata root mean square)
dengan pembobotan frekuensi

Hasil pengukuran dibandingkan

dengan standar

Tools for calculating

daily exposures

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Tools for calculating daily

exposures

WEB-BASEDTOOLS
• www.hse.gov.uk/vibration/calculator.htm
• http://vibration.arbetslivsinstitutet.se/eng/
wbvcalculator.lasso

DAILY EXPOSURE GRAPH

DAILY EXPOSURE NOMOGRAM

DAILY
EXPOSURE
GRAPH

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DAILY
EXPOSURE
NOMOGRAM

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DAILY EXPOSURE: A(8), WHERE

THERE IS JUST ONE TASK

Determine the three

frequency weighted r.m.s
acceleration values awx,
awy and awz., from
manufacturer’s data, other
sources, or measurement.

Find the daily exposures in the

three directions, x, y and z

The highest value of Ax(8),

Ay(8) and Az(8) is the daily
vibration exposure.

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DAILY EXPOSURE: A(8), WHERE

THERE IS MORE THAN ONE TASK

Determine the three frequency

weighted r.m.s acceleration values
awx, awy and awz, for each task or
vehicle, from manufacturer’s data,
other sources, or measurement.

Find the daily exposures in the three

directions, x, y and z

For each axis, the overall daily

vibration exposure can be calculated
from the partial vibration exposure
values

The highest value of Ax(8), Ay(8) and

Az(8) is the daily vibration exposure.

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DAILY EXPOSURE: VDV, WHERE

THERE IS JUST ONE TASK

Determine the three

frequency weighted
VDVs : VDVx, VDVy
and VDVz.

Find the daily

exposures in the three
directions, x, y and z

The highest value of

VDVexp,x, VDVexp,y
and VDVexp,z is the
daily VDV

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DAILY EXPOSURE: VDV, WHERE

THERE IS MORE THAN ONE TASK
Determine the three
frequency weighted
VDVs. VDVx, VDVy
and VDVz, for each
task or vehicle

Find the partial VDVs in

the three directions, x, y
and z

For each axis (j), the

overall daily VDV can be
calculated from the
partial vibration
exposure values

The highest value of

VDVx, VDVy and VDVz is
the daily VDV.

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Hierarchy OF CONTROLS
WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION

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Factors Influencing WBV

Exposure

Seating Innovations

Improve Improve Attenuate

seating seating vibration
posture comfort • Decrease WBV
• Allow greater • Avoid end- exposure
adjustability stops due to
vibration
impacts

NEW does not always mean BETTER

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Summary of preventive
measures
Management
• Seek technical advice
• Seek medical advice
• Warn exposed persons
• Train exposed persons
• Seek technical advice
• Seek medical advice
• Warn exposed persons
• Train exposed persons

Machine manufacturers
• Measure vibration
• Design to minimize whole-body vibration
• Optimize suspension design
• Optimize seating dynamics
• Use ergonomic design to provide good posture etc.
• Provide guidance on machine maintenance
• Provide guidance on seat maintenance
• Provide warning of dangerous vibration

Summary of preventive
measures
Technical-at workplace
• Measure vibration exposure
• Provide appropriate machines
• Select seats with good attenuation
• Maintain machines
• Inform management

Medical
• Pre-employment screening
• Routine medical checks
• Record all signs and reported symptomWarn workers with apparent predispoAdvise on consequences of
exposure
• Inform management

Exposed persons
• Use machine properly
• Avoid unnecessary vibration exposure
• Check seat is properly adjusted
• Adopt good sitting posture
• Check condition of machine
• Inform supervisor of vibration problems
• Seek medical advice if symptoms appear
• Inform employer of relevant disorders

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TERIMA KASIH

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