Holy Trinity College of Cam. Sur Inc.

Don Domingo D. Fortuno St., Santiago Bato, Camarines Sur

(054) 2774296 – htca_1964@ymail.com
College of Teacher Education

WORKBOOK
in
CAMPUS
JOURNALISM

Compiled by:

Anna Lee Perez-Tolop

College Instructor
Holy Trinity College of Camarines Sur
2018

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Dear Friends,

This workbook is made primarily for the college students taking Eng. 118/MC Allied 1

Campus Journalism, this can be of great help to student-writers and School paper advisers

competing in press conferences and to those who are aspiring to be journalists. The

contents, lessons and activities were compiled from the different sources like books, write-

up from the internet and lectures of the resource speakers in seminars to further enhance

the skills of the students as they prepare for competitions and school paper production.

Happy Writing! 

Credits:

• Alkuino, Gelly E. Campus Journalism in the New Generation (2006

Edition) GenSan RFM (Motong) Printing, General Santos City. 2006

• Bulusan, Ferdinand MAED. Campus Journalism within your reach (A Worktext

for Journalist Wannabees in the Campus. Lorimar Publishing Inc.
Quezon City. 2016

• Printed handouts from seminar workshop on Campus Journalism sponsored by

Center for Professional Advancement of Educators (CPAE)

• www.deped.gov.ph (deped memo)

• https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1991/ra_7079_1991.html

• www. Google.com, pinterest, slideshare (for images). Youtube.com  outputs of

the student-writers, instructor

CONTENTS
TOPIC PAGE
1. Campus Journalism and the School Paper Management Today 5
* Origin of Campus Journalism
* Legal Bases of Campus Paper
* Sections of a School Paper
* Criteria of a Quality Newspaper
* The Staff of the School Paper
2. News Writing 16

* Definition
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* Key Elements of News
* Composition of News
* How to be a good news writer
* Classification of Leads
3. Editorial Writing 19
* Characteristics of Editorial Writing * What do good editorials have?
* Four Types of Editorial
* Writing an Editorial
4. Editorial Cartooning 22
* Effective Editorial Cartoon
* Steps in Editorial Cartooning
* Common Symbols used in Editorial Cartooning
5. Feature Writing 28
* What is a feature story?
* Basic Types of Feature Stories
* How to Write a Feature Story
* Elements of a Good Feature Story
6. Science and Technology Writing 32 7.
Sports Writing 33
* Scope of Sports Articles
* Qualities of Sports News
*Kinds of Sports News
* Three Ways in Writing the Sports News Lead
* Suggested Ways in Gathering Data on Sports News
* Structure of Sports News Coverage
8. Copyreading and Headline Writing 37
* Know how to KISS * Functions of a Copyreader * What Errors to Look for?
* The headline
* Copyreading Symbols
9. Photojournalism 43
* Types of Photojournalism
* Rules for Photojournalists
*Photography: Rules of Composition
* Elements of effective Pictures
* Parts of a Caption
10. Desktop Publishing and Page Designing 49
* Guidelines in Page Designing
* Steps in Page Designing
* Steps in Creating the Publication
* SHORTCUT Keys
11. Radio Broadcasting 51
* Principles of Radio Scriptwriting
* General Guidelines on Radio Scriptwriting
* Bumper, Tease, Billboard and Infomercial
*Speech Style

12. The Journalist’s Creed 53 13.

The Journalist’s Code of Ethics 54
CAMPUS JOURNALISM AND THE SCHOOL PAPER MANAGEMENT TODAY

Journalism is a daily record of the day’s significant events, as its etymology from the
Latin word, diurnal which means daily. It seeks to inform, educate and entertain. It is a
profession, a vocation but also a business. It is an art of expressing different information, which
are of significant to the readers, listeners or viewers. It is divided into three categories: written,
oral and visual. It is written If the medium is the newspaper, magazine and other reading

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materials; oral if it is through radio; and visual if it is through television and movie. The internet
is a more recent addition to this list.
Journalism is concerned, primarily, with the collection and dissemination of news
through the print media as well as the electronic media (http://entrance-exam.net/scope-
ofjournalism/). This involves various areas of work like reporting, writing, editing,
photographing, broadcasting or cable casting news items.

Journalism versus Literature

All journalistic ventures are grounded on facts, on truth and on actuality. Redundant as it may,
facts are the foundation of all the ambits of journalism.
Journalism and literature are both forms of writing, consumed by the public and have relative
style. They may be guided by set of rules. Literature is based on the wandering imagination of a
writer. It is categorized into prose and poetry. Journalism, on the other hand, has main genres
that include news, editorial and features. Journalistic genres follow the strict method of dividing
the ideas through paragraphs while literature has a variety of forms and styles.
For instance, Jonas, a writer, wishes to come up with a story about ghosts. He now starts
imagining the appearance of the ghosts and creates a plot which includes the conflict, the
climax and the resolution of the conflict. Jonas is writing a literary piece.
Marla, on the other hand, also writes about ghosts. However, before she starts writing about
them, she interviews persons who have allegedly seen them. The appearance of ghosts,
including the persons’ beliefs about them, is written into an entertaining way. Hence, the
output is packed with facts.
In this case, Jonas writes a literature, a short story in particular while Marla does a feature
story, a journalistic article. Jonas writes based on his imagination while Marla writes based on
facts.

Tenets of Journalism

Going into the road of journalism entails not only knowledge but also responsibilities. Hence,
their journalists are bound by strict guidelines. Journalists have rights, but they must bear on
shoulders the duties to serve the interest of the public.

1. RESPONSIBILITY. Journalists should always be aware of their obligations to their

readers to write the truth whatever it costs. For this reason, journalists must be
brave enough to defend facts and the truth behind the news. In this sense, the
journalists’ main responsibility is to be the transmitter of veracity in any issue, and
that they are liable not to the company but to the public.

2. FREEDOM OF THE PRESS. As a basic right, freedom of the press should be

safeguarded by the people of media. In this case, any topic under the sweltering
heat of the sun ay be written so long as there is no infraction to the existing laws of
the land.

3. INDEPENDENCE. Putting forward the life of one or two persons by slashing the
welfare of the general public is a clear violation of this tenet. It, therefore, means
that the services of a journalist should be committed to the interest of the general
public and not driven by the interest of money called “envelopmental journalism”

4. OBJECTIVITY, TRUTHFULNESS AND ACCURACY. Checking the veracity of data and

information before they are published is an example of being accurate and truthful.
Since facts are the solid foundation of journalism, media men should not therefore
conceal the truth by fabricating facts and by publishing misquoted statements and
erroneous statistics.

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 Teel and Taylor (1983) as cited by Pangilinan (2012), suggested guidelines to attain a
balanced story whenever journalists face controversial issues.
a. Stick to the facts.
b. Never insert your personal opinion.
c. Be discreet in the use of adjectives.
d. Avoid cheap shots.
e. Somebody with something to say deserves a forum.
f. Assess your alliances. Remember that you are an observer, not a participant.
g. Listen to your editor.

5. FAIRNESS. The whole point in advocating objectivity is to be fair in presenting

information in any journalistic field. Remember, the public will see the topic
according to the way journalists present it; hence, reporters should exercise telling
the truth and putting the information in the right perspective.

Killers of Balanced Reporting

There are worthy concepts that novice journalists must be wary about. Concepts that kill
balanced reporting must be avoided.

1. Yellow Journalism- This is simply sensationalizing a story or an issue. It is a type of

journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses
eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers. Techniques may include exaggerations
of news events, scandal-mongering or sensationalism. Most showbiz stories are
grounded on this type of journalism which appeals to the curiosity of the readers and
viewers.

2. New Journalism- The new journalists expanded the definition of journalism and of
legitimate journalistic reporting and writing techniques. They also associated journalism
with fiction when they describe their work with phrases such as “nonfiction novel” and
“narrative techniques of fiction.” In so doing, they ignited a debate over how much like a
novel or short story a journalistic piece could be before it began violating journalism’s
commitment to truth and facts. This approach represents a return to the roots of social
reporting which was used in Charles Dicken’s fiction.

3. Advocacy journalism- This is a genre of journalism that, unlike propaganda, is fact-based

but supports a specific point of view on an issue. Advocacy journalists are expected to
focus on stories dealing with corporate business practices, government policies, political
corruption and social issues. Arguably, advocacy journalists serve the public interest in a
way similar to muckrakers or whistle blowers. Most advocacy journalists reject the
supposed objectivity of the mainstream press as a practical impossibility, and some
others take the position that the economic censorship exerted by corporate sponsors is
no different from political censorship.

4. Stylistic Journalism- it emphasizes imaginative, stylized writing of stories and considers

newspapers as the “literature of immediate fact”

5. Editorializing. This is giving the reporter’s opinion rather than the fact. It may also mean
the expanding of news about an insignificant happening to give publicity to a subject.

Functions and Duties of the Press

1. The quality of the newspaper must be reflected in the editorial policy. It is more than
just a business because it also reflects and influences the life of the whole academic
community.
2. Newspapers must have integrity and readers’ confidence.

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 3. Newspapers may educate, stimulate, assist or entertain. It is therefore a moral
responsibility to balance public interest and the gains.
4. The fundamental quality of the newspaper rests on the quality of the content and the
kind of editorial product. It is responsible for the rise of the readers’ educational level
and resurgence of an articulate, active young generation.
5. Freedom of the press encompasses responsibility of the newspapers. Freedom of the
press and responsibility are inseparable. Responsibility of the press means truth in the
news—truth tempered with mercy, decency, and humility.
6. The press must practice the principles of journalism without bias and self-interest.

Limitations of the Press

The limitations of the press may be traced upon the timeframe within which an article
should be submitted for publication. Remember that journalism secures the freshness of
the information. Therefore, when a journalist is in a hurry to beat the deadline, he may not
have enough time to reach all the sources of information. Subsequently, reporters will be
unable to present the story in as many perspectives as a journalist should showcase.
Another limitation of the press is its proneness to be manipulated by the powerful, the elite
and the politicians. Broeder (1987) as cited by Pangilinan (2012) pointed “…every good
politician will attempt to work well with the press. If you live in a country where public
opinion ultimately decides public policy, any politician who is at all serious is going to try to
manage public opinion, and that means working with the press. So they all do it.”

LAWS RELATED TO PRESS FREEDOM

LIBEL is a public and malicious imputation of a crime, or a vice of defect, real or

imaginary, or any act, omission, condition, status, or circumstances tending to cause dishonor,
discredit, or contempt of a natural or judicial person, or to blacken the memory of one who is
dead. It is a printed communication--- words, photographs, or artwork – that exposes a person
to shame, public hatred, ridicule, or disgrace, damages a person’s reputation in the community,
or injures the person’s livelihood.

COPYRIGHT. All material is automatically copyrighted once it is produced, even without

a formal registration of the copyright. Almost all creative work can be copyrighted, including
newspapers, yearbooks, magazines, photographs, ads, plays, and sound recordings. Writers can
make use of excerpts from books, plays, columns, music or similar works to review the work or
use as supporting material in an editorial or story.

INVASION OF PRIVACY. The right to be left alone is not absolute. Public figures have
limited right of privacy. One form of invasion of privacy is intrusion into a person’s solitude of
into his or her private area activities. Publication of private facts about a person that would be
offensive to a reasonable person and of no legitimate concern of the public. Misappropriation is
the use of a person’s name, likeness, or endorsement without the person’s consent – often to
sell a product.

CYBERCRIME LAW. R.A. 10175 AN ACT DEFINING CYBERCRIME, PROVIDING FOR THE
PREVENTION, INVESTIGATION, SUPRESSION AND IMPOSITION OF PENALTIES THEREFOR AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES. In Chapter II Sec. 4 Punishable Acts states the offenses against the
confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems: Illegal access, illegal
interception, Data Interference, System Interference, Misuse of Devices, Cyber Squatting,
cybersex, child pornography, Unsolicited Commercial Communications and Libel.

ORIGIN OF CAMPUS JOURNALISM

On a 4” x 6” sheet of paper, Samuel Fickle Fox penned the first issue of The Students Gazette
on July 11, 1777 at the William Penn Charter School in Philadelphia, U.S.A. Published
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continuously until August 1778, when the British soldiers closed the school; THE GAZETTE is
recognized as the first student publication in the English-speaking world.
In the Philippines, The University of the Philippines started publishing its magazine College
Folio in October 1910 and printed the works of the first promising writers in English. In 1912 the
graduates of Manila High School published their English writings in The Coconut. In the same
year, the Philippine Normal School introduced its publication, The TORCH. The UP Writers Club
which was organized in 1927 had its literary organ, The Literary Apprentice which became most
prestigious college literary publication in the country. At about this time UST’s Varsitarian
began to see publication.
The advancement of journalism starts in the campus, from elementary to college. It is
strengthened by the implementation of the Republic Act No. 7079, known as the Campus
Journalism Act of 1991. It declares the promotion and protection of freedom of the press even
in the school. It also promotes the advancement of campus journalism as a way of molding the
positive values, enhancing the critical and creative thinking and the development of moral
character and self-discipline of the Filipino youth.

LEGAL BASES OF CAMPUS PAPER

The Bill of Rights of the Philippine Constitution Article 3, Section 4:

No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the
right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of
grievances.
Limitations---- injurious to reputation and privacy of persons, public order and national
security, public morals, the integrity and efficiency of public bodies, such as Congress and the
courts.
Campus Journalism Act of 1991:
“AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF CAMPUS JOURNALISM
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES” Section 2 Declaration of Policy:
“…to uphold and protect the freedom of the press even at the campus level and to promote
the development and growth of campus journalism as a means of strengthening ethical values,
encouraging critical and creative thinking, and developing moral character and personal
discipline of the Filipino youth.”

SECTIONS OF A SCHOOL PAPER

A. Front Page/ News Page

1. Nameplate. It includes the name, logo, and address of the school and may also be
placed in reduced size on the editorial box and folio of each page.
2. Ears. The little boxes on either side of the nameplate, which contains a picture, title
and page of an important article. For some school papers, they use it for their school
logo or an important saying relative to the theme of their issue.
3. Index. A slug line indicating inside page story and the page where it is located.
4. Streamer or banner. A headline extending across the top of a page. If located above
the nameplate, it is called skyline or umbrella head.
5. Headline. It refers to the general term for all titles, of news stories.
6. Deck. A subordinate headline immediately below its mother headline, also known as
bank or readout.
7. Column. A vertical section of printed material.
8. Byline. The name of the writer placed at the top or at the bottom of the story.
9. Box. Any printed material surrounded, or partly enclosed by a special border line.
10. Dateline. The line preceding an out-of-town story that gives the date and place from
which the story was sent.

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 11. Credit line. A line crediting the source of an item, a photo or cartoon.
B. Editorial Page
1. Folio. It contains the page number, date of publication and the name of the
newspaper, usually placed on top of the page. It is also found in other inside pages.
2. Flag. The editorial box contains the reduced size of the newspaper logo, the names
of the staff members and position in the staff, subscription rates, publisher and
other pertinent data about the newspaper. This is also known as masthead.
3. Editorial. A kind of journalistic writing written by any of the editors who give
comment or opinion of the staff or the whole paper on timely event or issue.
4. Editorial Column. A timely and regular presentation of various kinds of editorial
material by the same writer, known as columnist.
5. Photo of the Columnist
6. Editorial Cartoon. It is an editorial drawing or caricature.
7. Editorial Liner. A short statement or quoted saying placed at the end of an editorial
column or editorial to emphasize a point.
8. Letter to the editor. A letter sent in by the reader giving his personal views on a
particular issue.
C. Feature
1. Feature story. A kind of journalistic writing not only designed to inform, but to entertain the
reader.
2. Regular feature-columns like entertainment, health, science and technology and others.
3. Special features
4. Cuts and illustrations
5. Folio
6. Puzzle, Maze and others
D. Literary Page
1. Short story
2. Essay
3. Poem
4. Play
5. Play-critic
6. Film-review
7. Book-review
8. Comics
9. Photo, illustrations and others
E. Sports Page
1. Sports News
2. Sports Editorial
3. Sports editorial cartoon
4. Sports column
5. Sports feature
6. Pictures, illustrations and others

CRITERIA OF A QUALITY NEWSPAPER

Estelita Constantino-Pangilinan in her book, Journalism Handbook, enumerates the following
criteria for a good newspaper.
1. Accuracy
a. Exert maximum effort in printing only the truth in all new statements.
b. Strive for completeness and objectivity.
c. Guard against carelessness, bias or distortion by either emphasis or omission.
2. Responsibility
a. Use mature thinking and consider judgment in the public interest at all times.
b. Select, edit and display news on the basis of its significance and its genuine
usefulness to the public.
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 c. Edit news affecting morals with candor and good taste and avoid an imbalance of
sensational, preponderantly negative or merely trivial news.
d. Accent when possible a reasonable amount of news, which illustrates the values of
compassion, self-sacrifice, heroism, good citizenship and patriotism
e. Clearly define sources of news, and tell the reader when competent sources cannot
be identified.
f. Respect rights of privacy
g. Instruct staff members to conduct themselves with dignity and decorum.
3. Integrity
a. Maintain vigorous standards of honesty and fair play in the selection and editing of
its contents as well as in all relations with news sources and the public.
b. Deal dispassionately with controversial subjects and treat disputed issues with
impartiality.
c. Practice humility and tolerance in the face of honest conflicting opinions or
disagreement.
d. Provide a forum for the exchange of pertinent comment and criticism, especially if it
is in conflict with the newspaper’s editorial point of view.
e. Label its own editorial views or expressions of opinion.
4. Leadership
a. Act with courage in serving the public.
b. Stimulate and vigorously support public officials, private groups and individuals in
crusade and campaigns to increase the good works and eliminate bad in the
community.
c. Help protect all right and privileges guaranteed by the law.
d. Serve as constructive critic of government at all levels, providing leadership for
necessary reforms or innovations, and exposing any misfeasance in office or any
misuse of public power.
e. Oppose demagogues and other selfish and unwholesome interests regardless of
their size or influence.

MEDIA ETHICS

A school paper, like newspapers, should observe accuracy, fairness, and good taste in reporting
events. No story should be based on rumor, gossip or unattributed opinion. Obscenity should
be absolutely tabooed from the school paper.
All forms of biases should be avoided: race, color, religious beliefs, class, sexual orientation.
Innocent persons should not be portrayed falsely or exposed to ridicule. Printed pictures should
not offend the sensibility of readers.

JOB DESCRIPTION OF THE STAFF

1. Editor-in-Chief
a. Supervises the editorial staff of the paper
b. Writes the editorials of campus paper after consultation with other members of the
editorial staff
c. Edits all articles preparatory to submission of the same to the school paper adviser
for final editing and approval for publication.
d. Supervises the preparation of the page designing in cooperation with the managing
editor and the layout artist
e. Causes the accomplishment of all assignments properly on time
f. Acts as liaison officer between the editorial staff and the adviser
g. Calls meetings of the staff in consultation with the school paper adviser

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 2. Associate Editor
a. Assists the editor-in-chief in editing the articles
b. Writes editorials of the school paper when requested
c. Prepares assignments of section editors in consultation with the editor-in-chief
d. Cooperates in the preparation of the page designing with the editor-in-chief,
managing editor and the layout artist

3. Managing Editor
a. Bring articles and dummy to the printing press for typesetting
b. Checks articles for typographical errors
c. Assist the editor-in-chief and layout artist in page designing.
d. Proofreads galley proofs before the final approval of the adviser for printing

4. Section Editors
a. Give assignments to reporters, news writer, feature writer, sports writer, layout artist,
photojournalist and circulation manager

5. Reporters
a. Gather the cold and raw facts of an assigned event and writes an article.

DO 51, S. 2001 – COLLECTION OF SCHOOL PUBLICATION FEES

September 27, 2001

DO 51, s. 2001
Collection of School Publication Fees
TO : Undersecretaries/Assistant Secretaries
Bureau/Service/Center Directors Regional Directors
Schools Division/City Superintendent
General Policy
The Campus Journalism Act of 1991 upholds and protects the freedom of the
press even at the campus level. It promotes the development and growth of campus
journalism as a means of strengthening ethical values, encouraging critical and creative
thinking and developing moral character and personal discipline of the Filipino youth.
Pursuant to this declared policy, the collection of school publication fees on a voluntary
basis is hereby authorized.
Collection of Fees
The following guidelines shall be observed strictly in the collection of school
publication Fees.
1. The collection for both the elementary and the secondary levels shall be made
strictly on a voluntary basis and shall not be used as a coercive measure such as a
requirement for admission and/or transfer purposes or for the taking of periodical tests.
2. Only schools which publish their school papers are authorized to collect the
aforementioned publication fee from their students, as provided for in DECS Order No.
41, s. 2000. The amount not exceeding FORTY PESOS (P40.00) may be collected as
school publication fees for each elementary pupil and the amount not exceeding SIXTY
PESOS (P60.00) for each secondary student.
3. At the option of the principal, a teacher collector shall be appointed for the purpose
of collecting fees from the pupils/students. All collections shall be receipted.
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4. The collections shall be deposited in an authorized depository bank as trust fund
credited to the account of the school publication. There shall be at least two (2)
authorized signatories namely: the editor-in-chief and the publication teacher-adviser or
the officer designated by the school principal.
5. For SY 2001-2002, the school publication fees shall be collected between October
1- 31, 2001 and within the month of July every school year thereafter unless otherwise
revised.
6. All the other Orders relative to school publication collections, which are inconsistent
with these guidelines are hereby rescinded. Frequency of Circulation/Issues
1. There shall be at least three (3) regular circulation/issues of school publications.
These shall be in the months of October, December, and February.
2. Two (2) of these issues shall be subsidized from the publication fees. The other
issue shall be self-liquidating following a scheme to be formulated by the school editorial
board. Each paper should thus strive to fill an information need in their campus and
community to be relevant and marketable. Wide dissemination of this Order is desired.
RAUL S. ROCO
Secretary Reference:
DECS Order: (No. 41, s. 2000)
Allotment: 1—(D.O. 50-97)
To be indicated in the Perpetual Index under
the following subjects:
FEES
POLICY
PUBLICATION
SCHOOL PAPER
DO_s2001_051
Eighth Congress

REPUBLIC ACT No. 7079 July 5, 1991

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF CAMPUS JOURNALISM

AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress

assembled:

Section 1. Title. – This Act shall be known and referred to as the "Campus Journalism Act of
1991."

Section 2. Declaration of Policy. – It is the declared policy of the State to uphold and protect the
freedom of the press even at the campus level and to promote the development and growth of
campus journalism as a means of strengthening ethical values, encouraging critical and creative
thinking, and developing moral character and personal discipline of the Filipino youth.In furtherance
of this policy, the State shall undertake various programs and projects aimed at improving the
journalistic skills of students concerned and promoting responsible and free journalism.

Section 3. Definition of Terms. –

(a) School. – An institution for learning in the elementary, secondary or tertiary level
comprised of the studentry, administration, faculty and non-faculty personnel;

(b) Student Publication. – The issue of any printed material that is independently published
by, and which meets the needs and interests of, the studentry;

(c) Student Journalist. – Any bona fide student enrolled for the current semester or term,
who was passed or met the qualification and standards of the editorial board.He must
likewise maintain a satisfactory academic standing.

(d) Editorial Board. – In the tertiary level, the editorial board shall be composed of student
journalists who have qualified in placement examinations.In the case of elementary and high
school levels, the editorial board shall be composed of a duly appointed faculty adviser, the
editor who qualified and a representative of the Parents-Teachers' Association, who will
determine the editorial policies to be implemented by the editor and staff members of the
student publication concerned.
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 At the tertiary level, the editorial board may include a publication adviser at the option of its
members.

(e) Editorial Policies. – A set of guidelines by which a student publication is operated and
managed, taking into account pertinent laws as well as the school administration's
policies.Said guidelines shall determine the frequency of the publication, the manner of
selecting articles and features and other similar matters.

Section 4. Student Publication. – A student publication is published by the student body through
an editorial board and publication staff composed of students selected but fair and competitive
examinations.

Once the publication is established, its editorial board shall freely determine its editorial policies and
manage the publication's funds.

Section 5. Funding of Student Publication. – Funding for the student publication may include the
savings of the respective school's appropriations, student subscriptions, donations, and other
sources of funds.

In no instance shall the Department of Education, Culture and Sports or the school administration
concerned withhold he release of funds sourced from the savings of the appropriations of the
respective schools and other sources intended for the student publication. Subscription fees
collected by the school administration shall be released automatically to the student publication
concerned.

Section 6. Publication Adviser. – The publication adviser shall be selected by the school
administration from a list of recommendees submitted by the publication staff.The function of the
adviser shall be limited to one of technical guidance.

Section 7. Security of Tenure. – A member of the publication staff must maintain his or her status
as student in order to retain membership in the publication staff.A student shall not be expelled or
suspended solely on the basis of articles he or she has written, or on the basis of the performance of
his or her duties in the student publication.

Section 8. Press Conferences and Training Seminar. – The Department of Education, Culture
and Sports shall sponsor periodic competitions, press conferences and training seminars in which
student-editors/writers and teacher-adviser of student publications in the elementary, secondary and
tertiary levels shall participate. Such competitions, conferences and seminars shall be held at the
institutional, divisional, and regional levels, culminating with the holding of the annual national
elementary, secondary or tertiary School Press Conferences in places of historical and/or cultural
interest in the country.

Section 9. Rules and Regulations. – The Department of Education, Culture and Sports, in
coordination with the officers of the national elementary, secondary or tertiary organizations or
official advisers of student publications, together with student journalists at the tertiary level and
existing organizations of student journalists, shall promulgate the rules and regulations necessary for
the effective implementation of this Act.

Section 10. Tax Exemption. – Pursuant to paragraph 4, Section 4, Article XIV of the Constitution,
all grants, endowments, donations, or contributions used actually, directly and exclusively for the
promotion of campus journalism as provided for in this Act shall be exempt from donor's or gift tax.

Section 11. Appropriations. – For the initial year of implementation, the sum of Five million pesos
(P5,000,000.00) is hereby authorized to be charged against the savings from the current
appropriations of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports. Thereafter, such amount as may
be necessary shall be included in the General Appropriations Act.

Section 12. Effectivity. – This Act shall take effect after fifteen (15) days following the completion of
its publication in the Official Gazette or in at least two (2) newspapers of general circulation.

Approved: July 5, 1991.

The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation

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TYPES OF A PAPER

1. Broadsheets refer to the most common newspaper format, which if you’re

measuring the front page, is typically around 15 inches wide to 20 or more inches
long in the U.S.

2. Tabloids refer to a type of newspaper that typically measures 11x17 inches and 5
columns across, narrower than a broadsheet paper.
(By: Tony Rogers www.thoughtco.com/) Parts
of a Reporter
Eyes to see interesting details
Nose for news
Mouth to ask the right questions
Feet for following up on good stories
Curious mind to think of story ideas
Ears to listen for great quotations
A heart for understanding people
Hands for writing down careful notes

ACTIVITY # 1
Name:________________________________________Date:__________Score:_____________
A. Cut out the front page of a newspaper, paste it on the space provided below then identify
the parts as discussed in the lesson.

13
 NEWS WRITING
A News is any interesting information about a recent events or happenings, especially as
reported by print, broadcast or online media. It is also history as it happens, a story the people
need and want to know.

CHARACTERISTICS OF NEWS

1. Accuracy. It refers to the correctness of statements, names, figures and other

information.
2. Objective. The news does not take side and devoid of any impartiality.
3. Factual. It consists of actual persons and events with nothing invented.
4. Balance. It gives proper emphasis on each fact in relation to other fact, give
attention to both sides in a controversial issue.
5. Concise. It is short enough to contain the most important facts
6. Timely. It refers to the freshness or immediacy of the event

KEY ELEMENTS OF NEWS

Who
What
When
where
5 Ws + 2 why
How
So what

COMPOSITION OF NEWS
Most News worthy info.
WhoL? What? When? Where? Why? How?

Important details

Other general
info/background

The Lead
The lead is the story’s opening sentence or two. In straight news, it tells the most
important facts of the story. In feature article or news feature, it could be a word, a phrase, a
sentence or a paragraph that attracts and sustain the reader’s interest.

14
Classification of Lead
1. Summary lead. It answers the five Ws and one H (who, what, where, when, why and
how). The story is presented using the inverted pyramid form where the most
important data are in the first and second paragraph. This is used in the straight
news.
2. Novelty lead. It attracts the reader’s attention, arouse his curiosity and sustain his
interest. It is used in writing a news feature or a feature article.

Kinds of Summary Lead

The WHO Lead

Mrs. Elsie Comendador, a widow and owner of a small candy store at Rizal street, this city,
was robbed of P5,000 early this morning when three men entered the shop on the pretext of
buying candies…
The President of the Philippines addressed April 20 the graduating students of the school…

The WHAT Lead

The NSAT (National Student Achievement test) will be given September 20 to all
graduating elementary school students

The WHY Lead

His wedding halted a few days before the ceremony when he lost his job two months
earlier, Nathan Santa Maria of the Port Area, this city, yesterday chose death to life without
marriage…
Because of poverty, Keanna Reeves entered escort service two years ago…

The WHEN Lead

Not until Wednesday will new applicants be able to sign up for street work, city officials
announced today…

The WHERE Lead

Negros Oriental, Western Visayas has an epidemic of dengue fever, according to health
authorities of Region 7…

The HOW Lead

Emergency first aid, by the police today prevented the death of Juanito Mangubat, an
unemployed electrician living at Lopez Jaena Street, Lapulapu City, when he attempted to cut
his throat last night.

KINDS OF NOVELTY LEAD

Narrative Lead
December 1999. With the Y2k scare and end-of-the-millennium jitters hovering in the air,
I found myself in a bookstore for some last minute shopping….

Descriptive Lead
The night fell as we descended from the summit of Mount Makiling. Darkness covered the
mountain. The cicadas were sending us off with their choir. While walking, we couldn’t stop
imagining the possible appearance of Maria Makiling who, according to legend, is the goddess
of the mountain….

Quotation Lead
“You stole the presidency, not only once but twice.” Shouted Susan Roces, widow of
Fernando Poe Jr. during a gathering of the opposition, denouncing president Gloria
MacapagalArroyo’s alleged vote rigging during the 2004 election.

15
 Question Lead
When was the last time I told my father I loved him? I wish I could tell him a thousand times
how much I love him now, but he is already heedless inside his coffin.

Teaser
Which comes first, the hen or the egg? Well, egg could not be made possible without the
hen. But where does the hen come from?

Activity 2
Name: _______________________________Date:_____________Score:__________
A. Write a straight news based on the following facts

-13 brand new dump trucks and eight brand new pick-up trucks acquired by the city hall for road
maintenance, flood control and urban development projects

-Manila Mayor Lito Atienza turned over to the City Engineer’s Office yesterday

-The turnover rites was a simple one at the Manila City Hall quadrangle

-Atienza instructed City Engineer Armand Andres to maximize the use of the new trucks to speed up
completion of ongoing city development projects

-The trucks should also be made available during emergency situations including ferrying
stranded commuters in flood-prone areas and rescuing residents of low-lying districts during
typhoons -All trucks were bought locally amounting to P29.5 million

B. Identify whether the following are summary or novelty lead.

__________1. Will President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo succumb to the demand of the
opposition to step down?
__________2. The Benguet Mayor’s League enacted yesterday a resolution appealing to the
President for additional P6 million Livelihood fund assistance under the “Isang Bayan, Isang
Produkto, Isang Milyong Pisong Programa ni Pangulong GMA” Program.
__________3. “Ang sinungaling ay kapatid ng magnanakaw!” This outburst from Susan Roces,
widow of Fernando Poe Jr., came right after the “Hello, Garci” tape expose.
__________4. Typhoons. Landslides. Earthquakes. Epidemics. Drought. Volcanic eruptions.
Name it, the Philippines has it.

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__________5. Are the taxpayers getting the right value for their money from the performance
of those in the godly seats of the government?

Editorial Writing
Alito L. Malinao in his book, Journalism for Filipinos, quoted M. Lyle Spencer as he
defines editorial as “an expression of fact and opinion in concise, logical, pleasing order for the
sake of entertaining, or influencing opinion, or policies in such a way that its importance to the
average reader will be clear.”
Editorial writer expresses group opinion rather than his own. The staff should decide its
position on a particular issue. This is the reason editorial has no byline, because it represents
the opinion or stand of the staff and not of the individual.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EDITORIAL

A. Presents the newspaper’s opinion on an issue

B. Reflects the majority vote of the editorial board
C. Usually unsigned
D. Meant to influence public opinion, promote critical thinking, and sometimes cause
people to take action on an issue

WHAT DO GOOD EDITORIALS HAVE?

1. Introduction (It contains the issue or news peg and the reaction. The newspaper stand
should be established immediately in the beginning paragraph by giving its reaction to
the issue or situation otherwise the article is not an editorial but an essay. An
introduction comes in different forms like a thought-provoking question, a quotation
relevant to the subject, a striking statement or narration of the event. Body, (it presents
the factual details to bolster the opinion or principle of the newspaper on the given
issue. Arguments here are arranged from most significant to the least significant ones)
Conclusion, (Its presents the solution, plea, advice, command, thought provoking
question, forecast possible effects and quotation relevant to the subject or just a
summary)
2. Objective explanation of the issue
3. A timely news angle
4. Opinions from the opposing viewpoint
5. The opinions of the writer delivered in a professional manner. Good editorials engage
issues, not personalities and refrain from name-calling.
6. Alternative solutions to the problem or issue being criticized. Good editorials should
take a pro-active approach to making the situation better by using constructive criticism
and giving solutions.
7. A solid and concise conclusion that powerfully summarizes the writer’s opinion.

FOUR TYPES OF EDITORIALS WILL:

1. Explain or interpret:
School newspapers may explain new school rules or a particular student-body
effort like a food drive.
2. Criticize:
These editorials constructively criticize actions, decisions or situations while
providing solutions to the problem identified.
3. Persuade:
Editorials of persuasion aim to encourage readers to take specific, positive
action. Political endorsements are good examples of editorials of persuasion.
17
 4. Praise:
These editorials commend people and organizations for something done well.
They are not as common as the other three.

WRITING AN EDITORIAL

1. Pick a significant topic that has a current new angle

2. Collect information and facts; do research
3. State your opinion briefly in the form of a thesis statement
4. explain the issue objectively as a reporter would and tell why this situation is important
5. Give opposing viewpoint first with its quotations and facts
6. Refute (reject) the other side and develop your case using facts, details, figures, quotations.
7. Concede a point of the opposition – they must have some good points you can acknowledge
that would make you look rational.
8. Repeat key phrases to reinforce an idea into the reader’s minds.
9. Give a realistic solution to the problem that goes beyond common knowledge. Encourage
critical thinking and pro-active reaction.
10. wrap in up in a concluding punch that restates your position.

(from talk of Ms. Ma. Concepcion S. Beltran-Montenegro, Speaker during the National Seminar
Workshop on Campus Journalism, sponsored by Center for Professional Advancement of
Educators)

Activity # 3
Name:_______________________________ Date:_________________ Score:____________
A. From the options listed below, choose one topic then write an editorial of any
appropriate type.
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1. Modern Technology makes the people dumber
2. Teachers should not be facebook friends with their students
3. Romantic relationships should not be allowed to students 4. The use of cellphones or
other gadgets should be banned in schools
5. Social Media only makes enemies rather than friends.

Editorial Cartooning
An editorial cartoon is actually an editorial in pictorial form. It is a comic with a purpose. It is
also called political cartoon; it makes a comment about issues in the news. It is opinion-based. It
has a point-of-view but not objective.

EFFECTIVE EDITORIAL CARTOON

1. It deals with a single idea
2. It is humorous

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 3. It exerts influence on the reader
4. It is realistic
5. It entertains the reader.

STEPS IN EDITORIAL CARTOONING

1. Know the main issue that you wish to draw a cartoon
2. Know the stand of the editorial staff on the issue
3. Illustrate through the aid of effective symbols that fit the general opinion of the editorial staff
on the issue.

TIPS FOR EDITORIAL CARTOONING

1. Use blank ink pen on white paper.
2. Employ single stroke or line.
3. Shading can be employed for emphasis
4. Focus on one topic only.
5. Limit the use of words and label.
6. Use universal or common symbols
7. Details in the drawing are not necessary.
8. Simplicity of the drawing is encouraged; simple but the message is clear and intact.
9. Manifestation of facial expression and prominent identity, especially when drawing persons.
10. Present accurately the issue, example, survey, data, statistics and others.
11. Limit the things to be drawn from three to five only to illustrate idea.
12. Emphasize face, dynamism, or motion in your subject.
13. Inject humor.
14. Develop your own style.

SOME GENERAL SYMBOLISM FOR EDITORIAL CARTOONING

1. Pencil, pen, and newspaper- journalism, freedom of the press
2. Dove- freedom, peace, democracy
3. Salakot- Juan dela Cruz representing the ordinary Filipino citizen
4. Chain- suppression of freedom, maltreatment and slavery
5. Kamatayan- danger, bad omen
6. Syringe- cure, death sentence, drug addiction
7. Crocodile- abusive person of authority
8. Beggar- poverty
9. Mallet- justice
10. Blindfolded lady carrying a weighing scale- justice
11. Big waves- hindrances, adversities
12. Mask- deceiver
13. Eagle- bravery, strength, United States of America
14. Bar of gold- wealth
15. High rising building- development, progress
16. Key- towards success and development
17. Huge rock- tough situation, hindrance, obstacle
18. Rising sun- hope
19. multi-tattoed man- criminal, exconvict, bad man
20. a skull with a crossed bones- death, danger

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(from: gallery.sunstar.com.ph)

(from: pinterest)

21
Activity # 4

22
Commonly Used Symbols in Editorial Cartoon (Juan Dela Cruz with salakot that represents the Filipinos,
Justice, Kamatayan. Eagle and Crocodile)

Drawing Credits: Morisette Magalona (HTC Cartoonist)

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 Credits: Engr. Eliseo Abijah I. Priela (HTC Cartoonist)

Activity # 4
Name:_________________________________________Date:_________________Score:____________
A. Describe through an editorial Cartoon your opinion on the timely issues that beset our country on the
following aspects:

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 a. economy b. politics c. education d. religion e. environment

FEATURE WRITING
WHAT IS A FEATURE STORY?

It is a human interest articles that focus on specific people, places and events. It covers the
topics in depth, going further than hard news by digging into most interesting elements of an
occurrence. It is researched, descriptive, colorful, thorough writing about original ideas. It is an
important element in media reportage.

The Big Diff

News Feature
- applies inverted pyramid style -allows time and space to develop
where the point, tone and issue the theme and sometimes the main are
made in the first paragraph or two point is found at the end

-governed by cardinal rules - allows creativity, but should still be

accurate, fair

BASIC TYPES OF FEATURE STORIES

1. Human Interest. A story that somehow involves people and their troubles, failures, and
successes.
2. Profiles. It offers a semi-biographical account of a newsworthy person.
3. Historical Feature. It narrates the evolution of something like the name of a particular place, origin of
a celebration and others.
4. “How-to”. It aims to explain a process on how a certain product or service is made or rendered.
5. Seasonal Themes. It presents new angles of an old theme with some fresh insights of information.

25
6. Travelogue. It describes a place and the kind of people the writer has met during his travel. 7.
Personal Experience. It deals with any unusual experience, usually written in first person

HOW TO WRITE A FEATURE STORY?

Find your story

- Set target
- Learn more about your story
- Decide which type you will use
- Organize into 3 parts (Intro.-body-conclusion)
- Apply appropriate style
- Choose interesting title

STYLES
• Dramatic
• Comic
• Flashback
• Story within a story
• Personal Account of blogging

(from talk of Mr. Edu Punay, Speaker during the National Seminar-Workshop on Campus
Journalism, sponsored by Center for Professional Advancement of Educators)

ELEMENTS OF A GOOD FEATURE STORY

1. CREATIVITY. Unlike news writing, feature writing allows a reporter to create a feature
story virtually at will. Although he is expected to observe accuracy, but he is allowed to
use his imagination to enhance the readability of the story.
2. SUBJECTIVITY. Feature articles can be written in the first person, allowing the writer to
inject his own thoughts and emotions. Although the author is also trained in objective
reporting, the use of extant facts can be more readable, informative and entertaining.
3. INFORMATIVE. The feature story, while lacking in hard news value, can constructively
inform the reader of a situation or aspect of life that may escape coverage in hard news
story.
4. ENTERTAINMENT. The feature is a welcome break in the monopoly of nerve-chilling
news of murder, scandal, disaster, corruption and controversy, which comprise much of
the hard news.
5. UNPERISHABILITY. “Yesterday’s newspaper is good only for wrapping dried fish,” as the
saying goes. Important news elements fade into history after24 hours but feature article
linger on the reader for quite a long period of time.

SAMPLE ARTICLES

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27
28
 Activity # 5
Name:_______________________________________Date:_________Score:____________
A. From where you are, write a feature article about the thing that captures your attention
and brings back memories of the past.

B. Write a historical feature about your hometown.

Science is organized knowledge…Wisdom is organized life. –Immanuel Kant

Science is the systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of
explanations and predictions about nature and the universe.
29
Technology is the application of the scientific knowledge for practical purposes. (Wikipedia.org)

What is Science Writing?

It is writing about scientific subject matter for audience of nonscientists.

What is Science News?

Basically, news about science.

Where can we get science news?

1. School events
2. Science Fairs
3. Local Health Offices
4. Environment
5. Community

Science Page consists of…

a. Science Editorial
b. Science Feature
c. Science News
d. Science Opinion/Column

TIPS FOR SCIENCE WRITING

1. Avoid overuse of parentheses (Use parenthesis only to make an extra remark every once in
a while)
2. Upper Case Letters (There are a few rules when using capital letters; titles and subheading
of articles, titles of books and journals, and names of institutional departments)
3. Importance of hyphenation. (Not placing hyphens in your sentences correctly can take the
meaning out of context)
4. Injecting Opinion. (For science writing, remember that the focus is on writing about a
technical topic. If it is not editorial, the writer’s viewpoints aren’t relevant to discussions.) 5.
Maintain clarity. (Information can be expressed clearly by providing sentences that are not too
lengthy)
6. Use abbreviations. (When it comes to science writing, abbreviate long
phrases because scientific terms and the name of companies and institutions
usually come in chunky phrases)
7. Revising and Re-write. (Revising is a part of writing) Other points to
consider:
- Choose an updated topic (latest phenomenon)
- Get familiar with your topic (Study, Research)
- Check your facts
- Do not exaggerate your story or overuse terms
- Always acknowledge your sources and reference

SPORTS WRITING
Sports page is the most read sections of the newspaper because it is filled with action and
emotions of players who are idolized by sports enthusiasts.

SCOPE OF SPORTS ARTICLES

Sports page is not only confined on sports news, it also contains other kinds of articles like
features, editorial, editorial columns, editorial cartoon and others.

30
QUALITIES OF A SPORTS NEWS
1. Basically, it answers the five W’s and one H (Who, what, when, where, why and how)
2. It primarily describes the most thrilling and eventful part of the game.
3. It uses more colorful words, adjectives, figures of speech, local color and longer
sentences, which are not commonly used in straight news.
4. It uses special vocabulary called sports lingo.

KINDS OF SPORTS NEWS

1. Advance News. It gives advance information in the coming event.
The following are the expected contents of the advance news.
a. Significance of the game
b. Historical background of the game or event
c. Players and coaches
d. Physical and mental qualities of the athletes
e. Strengths and weaknesses of each player and team based on their previous
competitions
f. Venue of the event
g. Noteworthy event that could be included in the news
h. Weather that could affect the game
i. Expected viewers
j. Statement of the coaches and athletes

2. Coverage story. An on-the-spot news of actual game or event. It contains important reports
like the following:
a. Outcome- the winner, score of both the teams or opponents, draw suspension of the game
due to chaos and others
b. Significance of the outcome- the prize or the chance to move on to the higher level of
competition like the championship game.
c. Spectacular parts of the game- how the winner outsmarted the loser, see-sawing scores and
last minute play
d. comparison of the strength and weakness of the athletes of both teams e. star player
f. weather
g. audience/viewers

3. Follow up sports story. It summarizes the activities of the team. It also analyzes the recently
concluded game like a player, who was injured and the psychological aspects of the players, chaos on
the technicality statistics and its significance.
4. News based on the records. It is based on the data gathered from authorities or officials of the game.
It could also be a summary of different events almost simultaneously played in an athletic meet.

THREE WAYS OF WRITING THE SPORTS LEAD

Like in the ordinary news, writing the lead in the sports should be based on angling. Meaning, the
writer should look for the best angle of the game to play up in the lead so the readers will be drawn to
read the sports article. Below are ways of writing the lead in sports news:

1. Key play. This is usually used when the best angle of the sports event is through the collective
effort of all the members of the winning team.

EXAMPLE:
Metrian Spikers blasted the defenseless Bula Netters in the volleyball championship game,
2-0 (25-13 and 25-17), during the Zone III Athletic Association Meet at Mindanao State
University, General Santos City on October 28, 2005.

2. Key player. When one or two of the members of the team seem to standout of the rest of the
players that caused the team to win the game, their heroic deed is the best angle to start a
sports news.

31
 EXAMPLE:
Mark Cornel Terrante grabbed the limelight when his do-or-die three-pointer shot drove
ringless with less than five seconds remaining to lead Lagao National High School to its thrilling
victory, 60-59, against Buayan National High School in a basketball exhibition game yesterday
at Oval Plaza, General Santos City.

3. Analytical Way. This is used when the team employs a very spectacular strategy or action that
brings them to victory.

EXAMPLE:
Banking on nerve-breaking wallops, deadly spikes and tricky placing, Ireneo L. Santiago
National High School Spikers dethroned Lagao National High School Netters in the crucial third
set of their volleyball championship game, 3-0 (25-18, 25-22, and 25-19), in the Division Athletic
Association Meet at Antonio Acharon Sports Complex, Calumpang, General Santos City on
December 2, 2005.

SUGGESTED WAYS TO GATHER DATA ON SPORTS NEWS

A. Before the Game

1. Know the rules of the game.
2. Know the people- coaches, trainers, players and their weight, height, and position in the team,
experience and others.
3. List down their names in full and check the spelling.
4. If possible, attend the practice session.
5. Jot down quotes, anecdotes and other events, which can be included in the sports news.
6. interview key persons who are involved in the game.
B. During the actual game
1. Be at the venue ahead of time.
2. Look for a good working place where you can closely witness the game.
3. Note interesting events before the game.
4. Observe closely and list down the most thrilling part of the game.

C. After the Game

1. Check the accuracy of the score from the officials
2. Interview star player of coach of the winning team. Coach and athlete of the losing team can also be
interviewed.
3. Note audience or viewers’ reactions.

STRUCTURE OF SPORTS NEWS COVERAGE

1. The Lead. It summarizes or analyzes the event by giving the significance, the winner, the hero, the
score, the place and time or date when the event happens. It immediately answers the 5 W’s and one
H.

EXAMPLE:
Henry Balbon, grabbed the limelight as he took his do-or-die three-pointer shot with five seconds
left to carry the Labangal National High School thrilling victory against Ireneo L. Santiago National High
School in a basketball exhibition game, 65-64, during the Educators’ Week celebration at the Oval Plaza
Gym, General Santos City on September 30, 2005.

2. The Body. It contains the play-by-play account of the game like the following:
a. The crucial part of the game
b. star player
c. writer’s record of the background of athletes and coaches
d. observation of the number and reactions of the audience or viewers and the weather condition
e. celebrities who witness the game

EXAMPLE:
Watched by a throng of sports enthusiasts with no less than General Santos City Mayor Pedro
Acharon Jr., both teams started slowly as they both ran in the maze of turnovers in the opening salvo.
32
 Labangal National High School blasted a 10-0 run with less than two minutes left to seal the lead,
28-27 as the buzzer sounded in their whirlwind game.
In the second half, ISNHS heated the arena when they zoomed a dizzying 8-2 run choking and
leaving LabNHS gasping for breathe, 59-51.
“GO! GO! METRIANS!” shouted thousands of euphoric students of ISNHS. But their euphoria boiled
down, when two-timer GenSan Mayor’s Cup MVP Balbon got his momentum and fired three successive
bull’s eye three-pointer shots to turn the score upside down, 60-59.
Pedro Mejia, switched on the adrenalin of his camp by carrying ISNHS on that crucial moment and
tying the game at 62-all with 10seconds left.
Noel Udalve fished out a foul from beleaguered Glenn Bisnar with seven seconds left and hardened
ISNHS lead, 64-62.
But LabNHS’ hero Balbon shook off the cobwebs and took his do-or-die three-pointer shot that
shattered the rival’s hope of bringing the crown, 65-64.

3. Conclusion. It usually contains quotes fromplayers and coaches, statistics and team standing.

EXAMPLE:
“They are excellent players, too. Perhaps, we are just lucky to win this game,” said Balbon, the star of
the game.
The Scores: LabNHS(65) Balbon 25, Bisnar 16, Leysa 14, Foyunan 6, Martinez 4, Sarmiento 0,
Mission 0, Barte 0, Agustin 0.
INNHS (64) Mejia 22, Udalve 15, Rosios 13, Samilin 8, Espregante 6, Avila 0, Samplidan 0, Yumang
0, Vera 0, Sunggay 0

Activity # 6
Name:______________________________________Date:________________Score:______________ A.
Write a sports story based on the following data below. You may add or change the words if you find
them less effective, but stick to the given facts.

- RP won over Myanma

r, 9-1, to advance into the finals of the baseball competition in the SEA
Games

- The game was played at the Rizal Memorial ballpark, Manila yesterday

- The Burmese surprised RP team on their gallant defense in the first three innings
-0 score
posting 1

- But the Pinoy clouters exploded after that to notch their fourth straight win

- Raging on four
-hit, three
-run, the RP team silenced Burmese

-RP team will move on to the finals with Thailand, which shamed Indonesia,
-4, in the other
12
semifinal match.

33
 Copyreading And Headline
writing
Editing a copy is not just a simple task of correcting errors in grammar and facts. Unchecked data, which
often injected in the copies submitted by neophyte writers, if unnoticed, could put both the story and
the paper in the bad light.

YOU MUST KNOW HOW TO K.I.S.S.

• Keep It Short and Simple

• Newswriting is short, simple, direct to point
• Cut unnecessary words from every sentence

EXAMPLE:

Before: All the residents managed to escape in time without being injured After:
The residents escaped unhurt

Before: It is suspected that drug dealers were the cause of the blaze
After: Drug dealers may have set the blaze

Before: According to fire Capt. Bill Cruz, the fire started at about 9;45 p.m. and was brought under
control by the fire department within approximately 30 minutes
After: Fire Capt. Bill Cruz said the fire started at about 9:45 p.m. It was under control in about 30 minutes

Before: Mayor Juan de la Cruz says there is a P20 million gap in the city budget between how much
money there is and how much money is needed
After: Mayor Juan de la Cruz said the city budget has a P20 million deficit

34
Before: You should cut out all the extra and unnecessary words from every story you edit After:
Cut unnecessary words from stories

COPYREADING
The intermediate step in newspaper publishing between the written manuscript and the composed
type. It is also known as copyediting.

A COPYREADER….
1. He/she is a corrector, auditor, or checker
2. His/her job is to revise and reconstruct, not to rewrite
3. In magazine or book publishing, the copyreader is known as an editor DUTIES:
1. To rectify errors of fact, spelling, grammar, punctuation, typographical style, and sentence
structure
2. If an error or a libelous statement “gets past” the copyreader, it is the copyreader who receives
the blame

WHAT ERRORS TO LOOK FOR?

Mistakes in general may be classified in the following six general groups:

A. Errors of expression
1. Grammatical errors
2. Errors in spelling
3. Errors in punctuation
B. Typographical Style
1. Capitals
2. Figures
3. Punctuation
4. Quotation Marks
5. Addresses and Titles
C. Inaccuracies
1. Misstatement of facts
2. Misrepresentation of fact through omission of qualifying facts
3. Inaccuracy in the use of names (in spelling, initials or identification)
4. Carelessness in the handling and copying of figures
5. Mistakes in dates
D. News Values
1. Inadequate lead
2. Failure to begin with the feature of the story
3. Inadequate summary of long story in the lead
4. Lack of paragraph unity
5. Failure to follow up and explain the feature
6. Comment and opinion
E. Diction and Style
1. Use of long sentences and complicated grammar
2. Use of unemphatic sentence beginnings
3. Failure to use short, compact paragraphs
4. Use of unemphatic paragraph beginnings
5. Wordiness
6. Use of general rather than concrete, definite words
7. Failure to use bright, vivid expression, especially in verbs
8. Lack of dignity of expression, especially in the use of nicknames, undignified reference, and slang
F. Libelous Statements

THE HEADLINE
• Title above a story in a newspaper, magazine, newsletter or web site

35
 • Also known as “hed” (head) in print journalism (“heading” in on-line pages)
• Has the same function as a lead-to call attention to the story
• Needs to be accurate and reflect the theme of the story
• Usually, it has five to ten words
• The goal is to grab the reader

Ask yourself this question as you compose a headline: If people see my five to ten words, will
they know what the article is all about?

PROCEDURE:

1. Double or triple space all copy on standard 8 ½ X 11 paper.

Slug: China Sea keyword/phrase about the news

Juan Dela Cruz name of writer
09/29/15 date
The Horizon name of school paper

Writer’s Instruction: 2-24 BB 2 (Column) 24 (size) BB (Bold Bodoni font style)

___________
___________ 2 lines for the headline
With kicker with subheadline

2. Indent five spaces at the start of each paragraph

3. End each page with a paragraph (Do not cut paragraph and continue on the next oage)
4. Write “first add” or “add one” if continued on the next page

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37
 Activity # 7
Name:______________________________________ Date:_____________ Score:____________
A. STYLE GUIDE. Circle the correct option. Which word or group of words are correctly used in news and
headline?

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 1. DNA / Deoxyribonucleic acid
2. 27 King Street / 27 King St.
3. Sept. 24, 2013 / September 24, 2013
4. Tue. / Tue
5. 5 a.m. / 5:00 a.m.
6. General Purisima / Gen. Purisima
7. Olympic games / Olympic Games
8. “To Kill a Mockingbird” / To Kill a Mockingbird
9. Family Court / family court
10. west Philippine sea / West Philippine Sea
11. March 2004 / Mar. 2004 12. 62 Seventh Ave. / 62 7th Ave.
13. Election Day / election day
14. 27 flowers / twenty-seven flowers
15. The U.S. declared / The United States declared
16. Bleed / hemorrhage
17. Chapter 10 / chapter 10
18. Liberal party / Liberal Party
19. internet / Internet
20. shootout / shoot-out
B. Write the symbols to the following articles.

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40
 Photojournalism

It is a documentation of events or people through photographs that tell a story. It can fall under all
subjects of photography but the images need to be newsworthy to end up being published.

TYPES OF PHOTOJOURNALISM
The first type is where the image is used to illustrate a story. Many feature journalists work closely
with photographers and commission them to produce images that will be published with their
articles.
The second is where an image is used to tell a story without any words. One single image may be
used or as many as ten images are often used in magazines.

RULES FOR PHOTOJOURNALISTS

Rule no. 1 Take lots of pictures

Assign a number of pictures that you should take, and that number should be high.

Rule no. 2 A Pen and Notebook is as important as a camera

Photographers should write down what and whom they are shooting. They will have to identify
people for cutline information. They must be accurate in getting information especially in spelling names
correctly.

PHOTOGRAPHY: Rules of Composition

COMPOSITION is the combining of distinct parts or elements to form a whole. In

Photography, we must consider….
• Light- The angle light must be taken into careful consideration whenever you feel like you want
to create a specific effect. Shadows can be very powerful when cast over half of someone’s face.

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 • Rule of Thirds- It means that the frame can be divided into three horizontal sections and three
vertical sections and therefore, where the horizontal and vertical lines intersect makes an ideal
location for the more important parts of your picture.

• Lines, Shapes, Color and Texture

• Foreground and Background
• Proper Framing
• Tricks
• Line of Horizon
• Contrast and Comparison
• Angle
• Focal Point
• Simplicity

ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE PICTURES

A. Prominence
B. Timeliness
C. Action
D. Human Interest

PARTS OF A CAPTION
A caption is the text accompanying pictures, artworks, or illustrations. It is also called the cutline or
the underline. If it is placed like a title or explanatory matter above the picture or illustration, it is called
an overline. The following are the parts of a caption:

1. Catchline. A brief catchy title of the caption usually in capital letters and bold face.
2. Body. Explains or describes the picture or illustration, in italics with font size bigger than the
text in a news story.
3. Credit. Attributes the source of the picture

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43
Activity # 8

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 Name:_______________________________Date:______________Score:______________

A. Take a photo based on the following subject matter. Write a striking title and caption paste your
answer on the space below.
a. Modern Technology’s Effect on Studies
b. Roles of an Adult
c. Millennials’ Trendy Attitude

B. Write a caption on the following pictures.

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 Page designing and desktop
publishing
Page Designing refers to the lay outing of the newspaper page, which is also known as page make-up. It
is the arrangement of articles, cuts or pictures, headlines, nameplate, folio and other contents on the
page.

GUIDELINES IN PAGE DESIGNING

1. Have a focal point. A focal point is the most dominant visual magnet on the page. It “catches” the
eyes of the reader and leads him where to start his “trip” through the page.

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2. Design with a purpose. A page designer has to think of the reader when planning a design for the
paper. It should make the page easy and attractive for the readers to read the articles. Too much art will
steal away the reader’s attention from the articles.

3. Keep it simple. Simplicity is the key to modern design. Many newspaper, campus or commercial,
are still cluttered because of too much imposition of different kinds of fonts for headlines, ornamental
graphics, decorative effects, scattered same-size photos and others, which make it a circus page.

4. Maintain design unity and consistency. All parts of a page and everything on it must complement
or relate each other. Consistency helps unify the page. Use only one typeface family instead of several
families of types. If you decide to use overlines, kickers, subheads, blurbs (info. About the author), and
others, be sure to repeat these elements on every page.

5. Design should have contrast and balance. If your headlines, pictures, boxed articles, etc are all
crowded on one side of the page, you are putting too much weight on that side at the expense of the
opposite side. To solve this, if there is a large dark element like headline or picture on the upper left side
of the page, you can balance it by placing two smaller elements like boxed story and smaller pictures on
the lower right side of the page.

STEPS IN PAGE DESIGNING

1. Survey, evaluate, sort out and list down all articles according to their kind, value and
importance.
2. On the dummy sheets, make a rough plan of a page, assigning the possible needed articles on it.
You can write the headlines or titles in pencil on the page or have cut out pieces of paper with
headline or title on it and paste or tape it temporarily on the page, as you do, observe the
principles of lay out.
3. Using your imagination, see how the page looks now. Have you violated some rules? If you are
not contented, try a second make-up; restructure the page.
4. Determine the types to be used and apply art elements.
5. Finalize your make-up and if possible, include all details. STEPS IN CREATING A PUBLICATION

1. Set up the document.

To do this:
Click FILE > New > Document Set Up
Dimensions: 12 x 18 inches
Orientation: Tall
Options: Double sided/ Facing Pages
Number of Pages:
Margins: Left: 0.75 Right: 0.5
Top: 0.75 Bottom: 0.75
2. Apply Column Guides/ Center Guide
To do this:
Click Document Master
Click Layout > Column Guides
Number of Columns: 5
Space between Columns: 0.2
For center guide: drag the horizontal guide to the center of the page 3.
Set the Nameplate.
To do this:
Drag the guide to the desired width of the nameplate
4. Drag box for pictures using the rectangle tool
To do this:
On the toolbox, select rectangle tool.
Drag to the area where the picture will be placed
5. Type the Headline
To do this:
On the toolbox, select the text tool
Drag to the area where the text must be placed
Type the text

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6. Type the body text of the article
To do this: (follow the instruction in no. 5)

SHORTCUT KEYS

Press: To:

Ctrl + Zoom In

Ctrl - Zoom out

Ctrl O Fit in Window

Ctrl + I Show Indents/Tabs

Alt + T H Alt F Hyphen Off

Alt + T H Alt N Hyphen on

Alt Click drag page

Ctrl + Shift + B Bold

Ctrl + Shift + I Italic

Ctrl + A Select ALL

Ctrl + Shift + E Allignment

Radio broadcasting
PRINCIPLES OF RADIO BROADCASTING

1. It is spoken. Since radio programing is talking, it is a must that scriptwriter use simple and
commonly used words.
2. It is timely. The immediacy is one of the edges of radio reporting over the newspaper. It can
report events as fast as they happen.
3. It is a person-to-person. Writing for the radio is informal. The newscaster talks as if the listeners
are just in front of the announcer’s booth. In news, and editorial programs, the style may be
formal but not as rigid as that of the newspaper.
4. It is heard only once. Once the message is aired, there is no way where the listener can
recapture it. So the scriptwriter should make it certain that simple and declarative sentences are
being used so that the listener can easily grasp what the announcer is trying to drive out.
5. It consists of sound only. since the word is the only bridge between the scriptwriter and the
listener, it must be used to impart concrete images. Meaning, the writer should not use words
with clashing sound and words that sound alike.

GENERAL GUIDELINES ON RADIO SCRIPTWRITING

1. Know the nature of radio.
a. It is a personal and companion/intimate medium.
b. It is theater in the mind
c. It is not appropriate for detailed information.
d. Its listeners do not tune in at the same time
e. It completes with a lot of destructions.
f. It is mobile.
g. It cannot be used to teach reading and writing.
h. Its production cost is relatively low.
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2. Write to be heard not to be read
3. The newscaster is heard only once.
4. There is lack of immediate feedback from the audience.
5. There is a possibility of a mass audience of small and diverse group.
6. Know your audience, age, gender, occupation, educational attainment, economic status etc.
7. Set communication objectives.

BUMPER, TEASE, BILLBOARD AND INFOMERCIAL

1. Radio uses bumper between the news and commercial breaks. Its function is to tell the listeners
that there is a break but that there will be some more news coming up.

Example:
“We’ll be back with more news after these reminders from our sponsors….”
2. Tease is used to stimulate curiosity so the listeners will stay tune in to hear what its all about.

Example:
“Walingwaling to replace sampaguita as national flower?”
“Coming up: Southeast Asian Games Update”
3. On the other hand, a billboard is usually heard after the news. It reminds of what product
sponsors the said news.

Example:
“This news is brought to you by Dunkin Donut, ang pasalubong ng bayan.”
4. Infomercial is actually an information dissemination or reminder to the listeners.

Example:
Nene: (crying) Tatay, binatukan po ako ni kuya kanina.
Tatay: Kuya, halika nga dito. Bakit mo binatukan ang kapatid mo ha?
Kuya: Ikaw nga tay, sinampal mo rin naman si nanay eh di ba?
Announcer: Ang anumang gawaing masama kapag ginagawa ng matanda ay
nagiging tama sa mata ng bata. A friendly reminder from this station and Silverlock, ang
kainan ng bayan.

SPEECH STYLE
The following are the things an announcer should remember when broadcasting:

1. Pronunciation. It has always been a matter of concern for announcers because people are waiting to
pounce on any mistake.

2. Emphasis or Stress. It is the main way of pointing out the most important ideas in radio speech.

3. Inflection. It is the rise and fall in a speaker’s voice – the melody of the English language. A
monotonous reader has no inflection, or else a rise and fall that is repetitive.

4. Articulation. It is the physical act of creating speech. It demands at least four requirements.
a. A good supply of air for diaphragmatic breathing.
b. a relaxed throat
c. resonance in the head, throat and chest
d. good movement of the tongue, lips and jaw

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 the journalist’s creed
By: Walter Williams

I believe in the profession of journalism.

I believe that public journal is a public trust; that all connected with it are, to the full measure
of their responsibility, trustees for the public; that all acceptance of lesser service than the
public service is a betrayal of this trust.
I believe that clear thinking and clear statement, accuracy and fairness are fundamental to
good journalism.
I believe that a journalist should write only what he holds in his heart to be true.
I believe that suppression of the news, for any consideration other than the welfare of society,
is indefensible.
I believe that no one should write as a journalist what he would not say as a gentleman; that
bribery by one’s pocketbook is as much to be avoided as bribery by the pocketbook of another;
that individual responsibility may not be escaped by pleading another’s instruction or another’s
dividend.
I believe that journalism which succeeds best-and best deserves success-fears God and honors
man; is stoutly independent, unmoved by pride of opinion or greed of power, constructive,
tolerant but never careless; self-controlled, patient, always respectful of its readers but always
unafraid; is quickly indignant at injustice; is unswayed by the appeal of privilege or clamor of
the mob; seeks to give every man a chance, and as far as law and honest wage and recognition
of human brotherhood can make it so, an equal chance; is profoundly patriotic while sincerely
promoting international goodwill and cementing world comradeship; is a journalism of
humanity, and for today’s world.
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 the journalist’s code of ethics
I. I shall scrupulously report and interpret the news, taking care not to suppress essential
facts
not to distort the truth by omission or improper emphasis. I recognize the duty to air
the other side and duty to correct substantive errors promptly.
II. I shall not violate confidential information on material given me in the exercise of my
calling.
III. I shall resort only to fair and honest methods in my effort to obtain news, photographs
and/or documents, and shall properly identify myself as a representative of the
press when obtaining any personal interview intended for publication.
IV. I shall refrain from writing reports which will adversely affect a private reputation unless
the
public interest justifies it. At the same time, I shall fight vigorously for public access
to information as provided for in the Constitution.
V. I shall not let personal motives or interest influence me in the performance of my duties,
nor
shall I accept or offer any present, gift or other consideration of a nature which may
cast doubt on my professional integrity.
VI. I shall not commit any act of plagiarism.
VII. I shall not in any manner ridicule, cast aspersions on or degrade any person by reason of
sex, creed, religious belief, political conviction, and cultural and ethnic origin.
VIII. I shall presume persons accused of crime of being innocent until proven otherwise. I shall
exercise caution in publishing names of minors and women involved in criminal
cases so that they may not unjustly lose their standing in society.
IX. I shall not take unfair advantage of a fellow journalist.
X. I shall accept only such tasks as are compatible with the integrity and dignity of my
profession, invoking the “conscience clause” when duties imposed on me conflict
with the voice of my conscience.
XI. I shall comport myself in public or while performing my duties as journalist in such manner

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 to maintain the dignity of my profession. When in doubt, decency should be my
watchword.

Sports Terminology – Important Sports Terms

The table given below gives the list of Sports Terms along with the sports it associates to:

List of Sports Terms

Sports Terms Sports Terminology

Sports Term of Relay, Track, Lane, Photo Finish, Hurdles, Shot Put, Discuss Throw, Hammer Throw,
Athletics High Jump, Triple Jump Cross Country, etc.

Sports Term of Free throw, Common foul, Underhead, Technical foul, Overhead, etc.
Basketball

Sports Term of Pinching, Homerun, Base runner, Perfect game, Throw, Strike, Put out, etc.
Baseball

Sports Term of Shuttlecock, Service court, Double fault, Fore-hand, Back Hand, Smash, Hit, Drop, Net,
Badminton Love, etc.

Sports Term of Knock out, Ring Stoppage, Punch, Round, Upper-cut, Kidney punch, Timing, Footwork,
Boxing Accidental Butt, Bleeder, Bolo Punch, Bout, Brawler, Break, Buckle, Canvas, Card,
Caught Cold, Clinch, Corkscrew Punch, Cornerman, Counterpunch, Cross, Cutman,
Dive, Eight Count, Glass Jaw, Haymaker, Liver Shot, Low Blow, Mauler, Neutral Corner,
Plodder, Ring Generalship, Roughhousing, Southpaw, Spar, Stablemate, Technical
Knockout, Walkout Bout, Whiskers etc.

Sports Term of Masterpoint, Grand slam, Perfect deals, Dummy, Trump, etc.
Bridge

Sports Term of Pull, Cue, Hit, Object ball, Scoring, Cushion billiards, Break shot, etc.
Billiards &
Snooker

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Sports Term of Toss, Run, Wicket, Pitch, Stump, Bails, Crease, Pavilion, Gloves, Wicket Keeper, Over, ,
Cricket Followon, Rubber, Spin, Ashes, Catch, Bowled, Stump out, Runout, L. B. W; Hit Wicket,
Googley, Not out, No ball, Wide ball, Dead ball, Maiden over, Overthrow, Bye, Leg by,
Cover drive, Late cut, Hook, Glance, Stroke, Shot, Pull, Sixer, Follow Through, Turn,
Bouncer, Hattrick, Round the wicket, Over the wicket, Seamer, Boundry line, Slip,
Square leg, Runner, Cover, Yorker, Gully, Long on, Silly point, Midwicket, Mid on,
Forward short leg, Deep/mid-wicket, etc.

Sports Term of Sprint, Time trial, Track race, Point race, etc.
Cycling

Sports Term of Gambit, move, resign, stalemate, checkmate, Grandmaster, international master, Kings
Chess Indian Defence, etc.

Sports Term of Kick, Goal, Head, Penalty kick, Dribble, Offside, Move, Hattrick, Foul, Left out, Right
Football out, Stopper, Defender, Side back, Pass, Baseline, Rebound, Comer back, etc.

Sports Term of ace, albatross, double eagle, all square, approach putt, apron, ball mark, ballooning,
Golf beach, birdie, blind shot, bogey, bunker, caddy, chip, Claw grip, condor, dogleg, dub,
flag, Four-Ball, Mulligan, off the deck, peg, sand trap, tee shot etc.

Sports Term of Parallel bar, Horizontal bar, Push up, Floor exercise, Uneven bar, Sit up. etc.
Gymnastics

Sports Term of Three-day Event, Dresses, Showjumping, Faults, etc.

Horse Riding

Sports Term of Bully, Short corner, Hattrick, Goal, Penalty Corner, Penalty stroke, Pushin, Cut, Scoop,
Hockey Dribble, Centre forward, Halfback, Astroturf, Sudden death, Left in, Left out, Off-side,
Tiebreaker, Carried, Stick, Striking circle, Undercutting, etc.

Sports Term of Cocoa, white, , Blue, Green belt, etc.

Judo

Sports Term of Polo-Bunker, Mallet, Chukker, etc.

Polo

Sports Term of Freestyle, Backstroke, Breaststroke, Butterfly stroke, Lane, Pool, Crawl, etc.
Swimming

Sports Term of Rapidfire Pistol, Standard rifle, Free pistol, Air rifle, Range, Bull’s eye, etc.
Shooting

Sports Term of Service, Grandslam, Deuce, Advantage, Game Point, Breakpoint, Smash, Shot, Break,
Tennis Grass Court, Drop shot, Netplay, Baseline, etc.

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Sports Term of Volley, Late service, Drive spin, Half volley, Backhand, Chop, etc.
Table Tennis

Sports Term of Spikers, Booster, Deuce, Smash, Sidearm, Penetration, etc

Volleyball

Sports Term of Freestyle, Point, Hal Nelson, Heave, etc

Wrestling

Sports Term of Jerk, Snatch, etc

Weight Lifting

https://byjus.com/govt-exams/list-sports-terms/

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