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net ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962

Volume-5, Issue-1, February-2015

International Journal of Engineering and Management Research
Page Number: 220-224

Design A Home Appliance Product for the Generation of Plastic Oil and
Steam from Waste Plastics
D. Vinoth raj1, C. Kannan2
1
Final Year PG Student, TRP Engineering College (SRM Group), Tiruchirappalli, INDIA
2
Assistant Professor (Selection Grade), Department of Mechanical Engineering, TRP Engineering College (SRM Group),
Tiruchirappalli, INDIA

ABSTRACT nitrogen are extracted and combined to produce plastics.

In this research work, plastic oil and steam are
going to be generated from waste plastics. Waste
lubricating oil used to improve the heat conduction in
the plastic total volume [1]. A specific quantity of
lubricating oil was mixed with plastics to produce
plastic oil. An indigenous home appliance product
was developed and special operating procedure was
being followed for the simultaneous production of
plastic oil and steam. The energy available in the
waste plastics was recovered in two different forms of
energy as plastic oil and steam, which in turn
increases overall efficiency to the conversion process.
Due to this process, enormous amount of waste
plastics was getting converted into fuel (plastic oil).
This method was found to have the potential of
reducing the ill-effects of the waste plastics and
lubricating oil on the environment.
Keywords---- Plastic Oil, Waste Plastics, Plastic
Disposal etc.
I. INTRODUCTION
Plastics play an important role in day to day life of
all human beings. Due to their relatively low cost, low
weight, durability, ease of manufacture, versatility and
imperviousness to water, plastics are being used in an
enormous and expanding range of products. A plastic
material can be made from a wide range of synthetic or
semi-synthetic organic solids that are mouldable. Plastics
are typically organic polymers of high molecular mass,
but often they contain other substances. They are usually
synthetic, most commonly derived from petrochemicals,
but many are partially natural.
Plastics are made from crude oil and natural
gas. Basic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
Plastics prevent food waste by keeping perishable foods
fresh longer
and by also helping products from damage, breakage and
spoilage.
1.1 Effect of Waste Plastics
Land: Chlorinated plastic can release harmful
chemicals into the surrounding soil, which can then seep
into groundwater or other surrounding water sources and
also the ecosystem. This can cause serious harm to the
species that drink this water. In 2012, it was estimated
that there was approximately 165 million tons of plastic
pollution in the world's oceans.
Animals: Plastic pollution has the potential to
poison animals, which can then adversely affect human
food supplies.
Humans: Plastics contain many different types of
chemicals, depending on the type of plastic. The addition
of chemicals is the main reason why these plastics have
become so multipurpose; however this has problems
associated with it. Some of the chemicals used in plastic
production have the potential to be absorbed by human
beings through skin absorption. A lot is unknown on
how severely humans are physically affected by these
chemicals. Some of the chemicals used in plastic
production can cause dermatitis upon contact with
human skin. In many plastics, these toxic chemicals are
only used in trace amounts, but significant testing is
often required to ensure that the toxic elements are
contained within the plastic by inert material or polymer.
It can also affect humans, in which it may create an
eyesore that interferes with enjoyment of the natural
environment. Plastic degrades due to solar radiation and
oxidation into smaller and smaller pieces, all of which
are still plastic polymers, eventually becoming
individual molecules of plastic dust.
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Fig 1. Effect of solar radiation on plastic degradation
In 2004, English scientists reported on tiny, even
microscopic plastic fragments that have worked their
way down and are polluting deep ocean sediments and
are now in the plankton, the very bottom of the food
chain. (Richard Thompson, Science magazine)
Fig 2. A photographic view of Plankton
1.2 Disposal Of Plastic Waste
Disposal of plastic waste has emerged as an
important environmental challenge and its recycling is
facing roadblocks due to its non-degradable nature.
Because plastic does not decompose biologically, the
amount of plastic waste in our surroundings is steadily
increasing. More than 90% of the articles found on the
sea beaches contain plastic. Plastic waste is often the
most objectionable kind of litter and will be visible for
months in landfill sites without degrading.
Recycling and reuse of plastics is gaining
importance as a sustainable method for plastic waste
disposal. Unfortunately, plastic is much more difficult to
recycle than materials like glass, aluminum or paper. A
common problem with recycling plastics is that plastics
are often made up of more than one kind of polymer or
there may be some sort of fibre added to the plastic and
making it as a composite.
Plastic polymers require greater processing to be
recycled as each type melts at different temperatures and
has different properties, so careful separation is
ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962
necessary. Moreover, most plastics are not highly
compatible with one another. Apart from familiar
applications like recycling bottles and industrial
packaging film, there are also new developments e.g. the
Recovinyl initiative of the PVC industry (covering pipes,
window frames, roofing membranes and flooring).
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high density
polyethylene (HDPE) bottles have proven to have high
recyclability and are taken by most curbside and drop-
off recycling programs. The growth of bottle recycling
has been facilitated by the development of processing
technologies that increase product purities and reduce
operational costs. Recycled PET and HDPE have many
uses and well-established markets.
In contrast, recycling of Poly Vinyl Chloride
(PVC) bottles and other materials is limited. A major
problem in the recycling of PVC is the high chlorine
content in raw PVC (around 56 percent of the polymer's
weight) and the high levels of hazardous additives added
to the polymer to achieve the desired material quality.
As a result, PVC requires separation from other plastics
before mechanical recycling.
Fig 3. A typical plastic waste
1.3 Plastics Materials In India
India has witnessed a substantial growth in the
consumption of plastics and an increased production of
plastic waste. Polyolefins account for the major share of
60% in the total plastics consumption in India.
Packaging is the major plastics consuming sector, with
42% of the total consumption, followed by consumer
products and the construction industry. The total plastics
consumption is projected to grow by a factor of six
between 2000 and 2030. Out of the total plastics waste
generated, 47% is currently being recycled in India; this
is much higher than the share of recycling in most of the
other countries.
In India, plastics consumption grew exponentially in
the 1990s. During the last decade, the total consumption
of plastics grew twice as fast (12% p.a.) as the gross
domestic product growth rate based on purchasing power
parities (6% p.a.). The current growth rate in Indian
polymer consumption (16% p.a.) is clearly higher than
that in China (10% p.a.) and many other key Asian
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countries. This consumption led to more than 5400
tonnes of plastics waste being generated per day in
2000/2001 (totaling 2 million tonnes per annum).
The consumption of plastics will increase about six
fold between 2000 and 2030. The share of polyolefin in
India will remain at about 60%, a percentage comparable
to that of Western Europe. In 2030, plastics waste for
disposal (excluding recycled plastics) will increase 10
times compared to the situation in the year
2000/2001.Waste for disposal is increasing relatively
faster than the plastics consumption because of the
higher share of long-life products in waste and the lower
recycling rates of these products. India generates 5.6
million metric tons of plastic waste annually, with Delhi
generating the most at 689.5 metric tons every day,
according to a report from the Central Pollution Control
Board (CPCB).
II. DESIGN DETAILS
2.1 Product Outline Layout
plastic gas would have been cooled, condensed and
collected as plastic oil.
Water Reservoir
This is used to supply the water for two sections
like steam production unit and condenser unit.
2.3 Parameters Monitoring For Safety
Temperature & Pressure
These two will be monitored and controlled to avoid
any mistakes and accidents.
Insulation and Coating
Insulation used to prevent heat losses from the
equipment. And it was provided to withstand the
pressure rise and give additional strength to the
equipment. Coating used to prevent corrosion and high
heat treatment from the reactor chamber.
III. MATERIAL AND
FABRICATION DETAILS
3.1 Raw Material Selection
The initial product design was initiated from
this source selection. In view of the fact that amount of
energy required for the overall conversion process
depends upon the raw material type and its melting
temperature, a clear idea of different types of plastics
and their melting temperature should have been
analysed in prior to the product design. The following
table shows the different types of plastics and their
melting temperature.

Table 1 Recommended Melting Temperatures

Material Degrees Material Degrees
(F) (F)
Acetal 400 PBT 500
Fig 4. Schematic Layout of the Product (CoPo)
Acetal 425 PCT 580
(HoPo)
2.2 Important Components In This Product
Acrylic 500 PET 540
Reactor
(Mod)
It is the place, where waste plastic was being stored
ABS 400 Polycarbonate 550
and the temperature of the reactor was raised to the
(MedImp)
melting temperature of the waste plastics. Due to this
ABS 420 Polyetherimide 700
action, larger molecule hydrocarbon would have been
(HiImpFR)
easily splited into smaller molecule hydrocarbon.
CelAcetate 385 Polyethylene 325
Steam Cylinder
(LD)
This cylinder section was used to produce the
CelButyrate 350 Polyethylene 400
steam.
(HD)
Electrical Generator
LCP 500 Polystyrene 380
The Generator employed in this unit was being
(MI)
used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Nylon (6) 500 Polystyrene 390
Condenser Unit
(HI)
To reduce the temperature of hydrocarbons, a
Nylon (6/6) 525 Polysulfone 700
condenser was being used in this layout. Hence the
Polyamide- 650 PPO 575
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imide 3D solid models of the following components

Polyarylate 700 PVC (Rig/Flex) 350/325 required for this product fabrication was performed and
TFE 600 were shown in the Fig. 5 to 8

The required melting temperature will be found out

from the table and the maximum melting temperature Outer diameter: 203 mm
will also be finalized from source availability. Internal diameter: 197 mm
Maximum Melting Temperature: 382.22°C Height: 300 mm
Optimum Temperature: 480°C Material: Stainless Steel
Optimum Temperature was chosen due to additional
energy required to complete pyrolysis process.
Fig 5. A 3D model of Reactor

3.2 Energy Source Selection

Different types of heat sources are available in the
market like wood, gas, electric heater, etc. The other Diameter :243 mm
types of heat sources are not more efficient when Material: Stainless Steel
compared to electrical source. Hence, electrical energy
source in the form of electric heater is being selected for
this application.
Heating Source: Electric heater. Fig 6. A 3D model of Reactor Lid
The advantages of an electrical heater were

• There is no ash formation

listed below. Diameter: 289 mm
Height : 170 mm
• Easily available in all environment and climate Injector radius: 126 mm
• There is no energy losses Injector height: 153 mm
• Easily control at any time
Rate of temperature can be raised at short time Fig 7. A 3D model of steam cylinder
interval. No of heaters are available in the market. After
the analysis and comparison, the following heater is
being selected for equipment fabrication. Hemisphere diameter : 289
Heater& its Configuration: Mica Insulated Band mm
Heater Height: 50 mm
Mode : MBH-80151100T
Internal Diameter : 203 mm
Width : 38 mm Fig 8. A 3D model of upper cover of plastic incinerator
Watt : 1100 equipment
W/in2 : 29
Terminal Style : T The assembled view of the product was shown in Fig.9
Weight : 0.57 kg

Fig 4. A Photograph of Mica insulated band heater

These two band heaters could be on either 120 or

240 V ac . Each half was rated for 120 V and was wired in
parallel for 120 V and in series for 240 V operation. It
Fig 9. Assembled view of product
would be effective, when tightly closed with the
cylinder.
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IV. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
The waste plastic incinerator equipment was
designed and suitable layout was also finalized. Even
though there were several methods being reported in the
literature for the incineration of waste plastics, an
initiative has been taken in this research work to design
an equipment to incinerate the household waste plastics
in order to produce gaseous hydrocarbons and plastic oil.
Thus produced gaseous hydrocarbons could be used as a
replacement for LPG being utilized in our houses for
cooking purpose. The plastic oil could be sold to the
municipality for laying road works. If the steam pressure
will be more to run the turbine, then we go for electricity
production by the use of turbine. If it doesn’t means we
can still use the steam for controlling the microbial
activity from kitchen equipments and cooking utensils.
This type of incineration will increase the faster rate
of plastic recycling, since every recycling process is
being done in home appliance product. Short time period
will reach environmental changes due to recycling. With
this single equipment, everyone can fulfil the daily needs
of home like fuel, electrical energy and hot water.
[5] M.Sarker, M.M Rashid, M.Molla, Waste plastic
conversion into hydrocarbon fuel like low sulfur diesel.
Journal of environmental science and engineering,
5(2011), 446–452.
[6] Antony Raja, Advaith Murali, Conversion of plastic
wastes into fuels, Journal of Materials science and
engineering B1, (2011), 86–89.
[7] Toshiro Tsuji, Koji Hasegawa, Takao Masuda,
Thermal cracking of oils from waste plastics, Springer, J
Mater Cycles waste manag 5(2003), 102–106.
[8] M.Mani, C.Subash, G.Nagarajan, Performance,
emission and combustion charecteristics of a DI diesel
engine using waste plastic oil, Elsevier, Applied thermal
engineering 29(2009), 2738–2744.
[9] Jane Pratoomyod, Dr.Ing. Krongkaew
Laohaliadanond, Performance and emission evaluation
of blends of diesel fuel with waste plastic oil in a diesel
engine, International journal of engineering science and
innovative technology (IJESIT), Volume 2, Issue 2,
2013
[10] Pawar Harshal R, Lawankar Shailendra M, (2013).
Waste plastic pyrolysis oil alternative fuel for CI engine-
A Review. Research journal of engineering sciences,
Volume 2, Issue 2.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors are very much thankful to Shri
Murugan Kitchen Equipments, Ariyamangalam, which is
on the way of producing the prototype of this design.
Further testing and other research activities will be
carried out on that prototype.

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