Chapter 7 : Probability MATHSTAR

CONCEPT FORMULAE
• Probability of an event A n( A )
P( A ) =
n( S )
If A is the complementary event of A, then, P(A’) = 1- P(A)
• Probability of the union of 2 events A and B P( A  B ) = P( A ) + P( B ) − P( A  B )
If the 2 events A and B are mutually exclusive, then
P( A  B ) = P( A ) + P( B )
P( A  B )
P( A| B ) =
P( B )
If A and B are independent events, thus
• P( A  B ) = P ( A) P ( B )
• P( A| B ) = P( A ) or P( B | A ) = P( B )

NO QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. A pair of fair dice is rolled. Find the probability of the following events. 1 2
a) b)
a) The sum of the numbers on the dice is 10. 12 9
b) The sum of the numbers on the dice is 7 or 11. 5
c) The sum of the numbers on the dice is at most 5. c)
18
2. In a group of 120 students, of whom 45 take Additional Mathematics, 44 take English, 9
25 take Additional Mathematics and English, 21 take English and History, 23 take a)
20
Additional Mathematics and History, 10 take all the three subjects and 36 take none of
11
the three subjects. b)
Find the probability that 60
a) a students take History? 7
c)
b) a students take Additional Mathematics but not History? 24
c) a students take exactly one of the three subjects?
3.
A and B are two events such that P ( A ) = 1 , P ( B ) = x and P ( A ' B ') = 5 . a)
1
3 8
9
Find the value of x if
b) 1
a) A and B are mutually exclusive. b) A and B are independent.
4. A word code is formed by randomly rearranging the letters from the word JUMAAT. 2
Find the probability that such a code is created with the two As separated? 3
5. The table shows the car models owned by the
employees of a company. Employee 1 3
Female Male a) b)
An employee is selected at random from the Model 2 5
company. Find the probability that A 45 55
(a) the employee is a female, B 20 30
(b) the employee is a male knowing that he owned C 35 15 7 7
model B, c) d)
(c) the employee is a female and she owned model C. 40 10
(d) the employee is a female given that she owned
model C.

6. Weather report states than 20% of 30 days in NOV are rainy days. A survey conducted 7
a)
shown that on a rainy day, the probability that an accident happens is 0.6. If it is not a 25
(rainy day, the probability that an accident happens is 0.2. 3
a) Find the probability that an accident happens on any given day. b)
b) If an accident happens, what is the probability that it is a rainy day?
7

SM025 Session 2022/2023