It

lel pen
- Is this milk fresh?

Targetsound/e/
.\reaa First practise the sound /r/
(seepage 7).
arsub Open your mouth alittle more to
make the short target sound /e/.
Listen and repeat.
Alecc Listen and repeat both sounds
together:ltl andlel.

Mi n im alpairs
SoundI Sound2
ltl lel
pin pen
I needa pin. I needa pen.

bin Ben
That'smy bin. That'smy Ben.

tin ten
It'sa bigtin. lt'sa bigten.

Prg Peg
Where'sthe pig? the peg?
Where's

chick cheque
Shewantsa chick. Shewantsa cheque.

nim a p
l a i rw o r d s
.u$aa Listen and repeat the words.
.,.rt*b You will hear five words from each minimal pair. For each word, write I
for A/ (sound l) or 2 for /ei (sound 2).
HG M P LE Pa i r 1 : 2 ,2 ,1 ,I,2
12 UNIT5 /e/ pen

Minimalpairsentences
Azlac Listen to the minimal pair sentences.
,rzrt,d Listen to six of the sentencesand write I for ltl (sound D or 2 for lel
(sound 2).
,ulae Sentencestress
The most important words in a sentence are strongly stressed.If the
minimal pair sentenceswere spoken with only one strong stress,which
word would it be? Read the sentences and guesswhich word it might be.
Then listen to the minimal pair sentences again and underline the
strongly stressedword in each sentence (on page 11).
nzz f Tick the words a) or b) that you hear in the sentences.
l a)pin I b)pen tr
2a) pig I b) peg I
3 a) tins I b) tens I
4a) sit I b) set I
5a) disk I b) desk I
6 a)pickatI b)peckatI

5 Dialogue
O a First practise the sound /e/ in some of the words from the dialogue. Read
-
the words aloud or visit the website to practise. In words with two or
more syllables,bold is used to show which syllable is strongly stressed.
In the brackets, write the number of syllables in each word before you
practise.
EXAMPTES friend (1) terribly (3) Emma (2) expensive (3)
jea l o u s ( ) h e l p ( ) e v e ry b o d y ( ) any( ) bench( ) K evi n( )
A m e ri c a ( ) M e x i c a n ( ) E m i l y ( ) B en( )very( ) breadl l E ddi e( )
Notice that many words in English have the strong stresson the first
syllable, but some words have the strong stresson the last syllable.
hello Adele again except yourself lemonade
.\?3 b Listen to the dialogue, paying attention to the target sound. Then read
the dialogue and fill the gaps (l-7) with the correct questions (a-g)
below.
a) Can I getyou a drink, Adele?
b) Is that better?
c) Wasit expensive?
d) Are you listeningto the RedHot Chili Peppers?
e) How did you spendyour holiday,Adele?
f) Are you a friend of Emma's?
g) Haveyou met my friend Adeleyet, Kevin?
 'ffiS
UN|T5 /e/pen

funds
ADELE:Hi, Emma!Hi, BenlHello,EmilylHello;Eddie!Hi,
everybody!
EVERYBODY
EXCEPT
KEVTN:
Hi,Adele!
EMILY:Niceto seeyou again,Adele.Kevin,thisis Adele.Adele,
this is Kevin.
ADELE:Hi, Kevin.l- ? lt'steniblyloud.

KEVTN:Yes .. (turnsthe musicdown) z-? (Adele

nods her head) t-?
ADELE:Yes.

KEVIN:Emmasaidshe had a friendcalledAdele.

EDDIE:Helpyourselfto Mexicanfood,Adele.lt's on the kitchen
bench.
EMILY:And there'sFrenchbreadon the shelf.
'?
BE N :4

ADELE:Yes,thanks,Ben.Somelemonadewith a bit of ice in it.

E M M A: 5 ?

KEVIN:Yes.l'vejust met her.She'sveryfriendly.

BE N :5 ?
ADELE:I went to SouthAmericawith my bestfriend Kerrie.

EVERYBODY;
Well!
EMMA:We'realljealous

ED D IE :7 ?
I haven'tany money
ADELE:Not very.But I spenteverything.
left.

.l,r3c Listen to the dialogueagain to checkyour answers.Then practise

readingthe dialogue aloud. Recordyour voice to compareyour
production of the target sound with the recording.

4 lntonation
Intonation is the voice going ufor dOvwn
on the strongestsyllableof the
most important word in a phraseor sentence.
Intonation statementsusually goesdovflr at the end.
Intonation in WH questions (rMho?ltVhat?Why?When? Hown
usually goesdomrnat the end. "4rhere?
Intonation inYes/Noquestionsusually goesupat the end.
lf uNIr l lel pen

az+ a Listen and repeat.

Ir14:Iquestion: How did you spend your holiday?
Statement: I went to America.
YeslNoquestion: Was it expensive?
Statement: Yes.Verv.
No. Not very.
nzs b Word stress
Practise the word stressin these place narnes. In many place names the
strong stress is on the first syllable.
Denmark Venice Edinburgh Mexico
Mecca Melbourne Lebanon
A smaller number of place names have the strong stresson the last
syllable.
Iapm Mumbai Madrid Beirut NewYork
In longer place names the strong stressis sometimes in the middle of
the word.
the Riviera the Mediterranean Australia America Helsinki
Philadelphia
c Now practise the conversation below using the place names in 4b.
A: How did you spendyour holiday?
B: l w e n tto ..
A: Wasit expensive?
B: Yes.Very./ Not very.
d Dictionarywork: word stress
\,Vhen you meet a new word, you cirn check which syllable is strongly
stressed in a good dictionary @.g. Cambridge Aduanced Lectrner's
Dictionary). The pronunciation of the word is shown in the International
Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), with the symbo| in front of the main strong
stress of the word, e.g. electric /rrlektrrk/. Your dictionary will also show
the secondary stress (usually in longer words) with the symbol , , e.g.
electricity /l,lekrtrrseti/.
In Ship or Sheep?only the main strong stressin a word is in bold to show
you where the stressed syllable ends, e.g. electric, electricity.
Look up some of these words in a dictionary and mark which syllable
has the main strong stress.
EXAMPLE execpl or exrcept
except exercise expect expedition
expel experiment expenditure expert
expression extend extra extrovert

5 5 p ;e l i i n g
Look back over this unit at words with the target sound, and write what
you noticed about how to spell the sound /e/.