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Jamesa Wharrama
2003
Sklep Nasze katamarany Wycieczka wizualna Artykuły i blogi O nas Świat Wharrama
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Rysunek 1
The Canoe and the Raft are the first 'People Movers' and antedate the use of
the wheel and the horse by thousands and perhaps 100s of thousands of
years. Many people think that they are Pacific Craft, but evidence exists that
Palaeolithic Man all over the world used the fast Canoe and the stable Raft.
By simple logic two fast canoeforms joined into a raft shape for stability gives
a third type of craft that combines the characteristics of both canoe and raft,
namely the speed of the canoe and the broad beam and stability of the raft.
This 'concept' modern yachtsmen call the 'Catamaran'.
Wiele osób będzie bardzo zaskoczonych, gdy dowie się, że ten aspekt
szerokiego, użytecznego pokładu nowoczesnego katamaranu pochodzi z
części „Tratwy” jego przodków. (Patrz rys. 1 ( b ) )
Radzę czytelnikom nie bać się słowa „Tratwa”. Nowoczesne repliki rejsów
tratwą z 45-stopowego statku Tor Heyerdahla. tratwa z balsy „KON TIKI” z 1947
r., która przepłynęła z Peru do Tuamotus, do bambusowej tratwy „Hsu Fu”
Tima Severina, która odbyła podróż w 1993 r. na zakwaterowanie. Forma
tratwy jest tak zdatna do żeglugi, że wszystkim współczesnym żeglarzom
zaleca się noszenie miniaturowych (nadmuchiwanych) tratw, jeśli z jakiegoś
powodu ich macierzysta jednostka tonie. Cechy tratwy umożliwiają
zakwaterowanie w stylu brzegowym na katamaranach, które nadal mogą
dość plików cookie na tej stronie, aby poprawić Twoje wrażenia.
dobrze żeglować.
Używamy
Od 11 lat żegluję po świecie na 19-metrowym katamaranie SPIRIT OF GAIA
( k łM k S ld C i i H l
https://www.wharram.com/articles/how-we-design/freeboard-and-windage ” i i ń 2002 3/11
13.03.2023, 19:46 Wolna burta i wiatr | Projekty Jamesa Wharrama
(patrz artykuł Marka Smaaldersa „Cruising Helmsman” – sierpień 2002 r.,
który pod James
względem konstrukcji kadłuba jest w dużej mierze podobny do rys.
Wharram
1 (c ) i mogła istnieć kilka tysięcy lat temu. Uwielbiam tę łódź. Przebiła się na
północ zProjekty
Nowej Zelandii na Fidżi w jednej z tych długotrwałych tropikalnych
wichur konwergencji przy wietrze 70 stopni od dziobu i prędkości wiatru na
Sklep„zegarze” 45 -50 węzłów.
Nasze katamarany Popłynęła
Wycieczka 600 mil
wizualna na północ
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i blogi O nasMorza
Świat Wharrama
Czerwonego, mierząc się z budzącymi postrach północnymi wiatrami Morza
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Czerwonego o prędkości 30-35 węzłów, przebijając się przez okrutne, krótkie,
strome morza. Przy głównie słabym wietrze - prawie bez zmarszczek na
wodzie - sen dryfował przez Ocean Indyjski pokonuje średnio 100 mil
morskich dziennie.
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Rysunek 2
Over the centuries, the windage height of non-engined Western sailing craft
became lower and lower, by the end of the commercial sailing era it was
around 8%. Traditional monohull sailing yachts (both shallow and deep
drafted) have a windage height of 11-12% their overall length, so do modern
monohull racing yachts. On the ancient Pacific sailing boats' (and Viking era
ships!) windage height ranges from 8% to as little as 6% of the overall length.
The windage height of 20% of the modern luxury cruising sailing catamaran
does seem to be excessive for good sailing performance. Maybe that is the
reason why powerful engines always play a prominent part in their
advertised specifications.
It is amazing that one of the oldest ship types in the history of Man has been
able to be adapted to fit the needs of modern, stiff bodied, Urban Man in its
provision of bedroom privacy, number of toilets/showers, kitchen facilities
Używamy plików cookie na tej stronie, aby poprawić Twoje wrażenia.
and spacious lounge/dining area (an accommodation equal to, to use a
modern term, a 3 or 4 star hotel) and can still sail.
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13.03.2023, 19:46 Wolna burta i wiatr | Projekty Jamesa Wharrama
James
Wharram
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Some designers have tried to make the modern high freeboard, beamy-
hulled, catamaran sail fast. They empty the hulls of all weight, put a large sail
area, with high centre of effort, on a tall mast, fit deep dagger boards in the
hulls and in smooth water, these craft can 'skim' along.
Unfortunately, it is not a custom for designers or salesmen to give the
stability values of these craft. Briefly, most of such craft have a stability close
to a racing dinghy or day racing catamaran. Sailed by untrained,
unsuspecting sailors, these craft also capsize like a dinghy, for the 'raft
stability' has been compromised.
This is not the way to go. To get speed we have to look back at established
elements of general yacht design, using the freeboard/windage height of
around 11-12% of fast monohull yachts and the fast catamaran waterline
length/beam ratio of a minimum of 12:1. This does mean that you do not have
full standing headroom in the hulls until you reach a boat size of 36ft. (10
metres). That is nothing new in yacht design, it was always considered the
norm in traditional shallow draft sailing yachts, which after all a multihull is.
Standing headroom in a centre deck cabin with adequate centre deck
clearance from the sea will always compromise speed potential.
Anyone can quote theories, the acid test is, can they be made to work. All my
Używamy
designs over the plików
yearscookie
have been na tejdesigned
stronie, aby
withpoprawić
traditionalTwoje heights
wrażenia.
windage
and slim hulls. To illustrate my latest design thoughts I want to focus on our
ISLANDER 55 design (see Fig 4 following) the first of which is being built in
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13.03.2023, 19:46 Wolna burta i wiatr | Projekty Jamesa Wharrama
ISLANDER 55 design (see Fig. 4, following), the first of which is being built in
SurabayaJames
in our professional yard, PT PAL. This design has an hull waterline
Wharram
length/beam ratio of 12:1. The visual feeling of space is achieved by flaring out
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the gently curved V-eed hulls, getting greatest width at shoulder height.
Flare with overhangs give easy, gradual lift going through rough seas,
Sklepprevent pitch poling
Nasze katamarany and with the
Wycieczka lower traditional
wizualna Artykuły i freeboard keep
blogi O nas theWharrama
Świat decks
dry.
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The command deck pod of the Islander 55 has been adapted and improved
from the one on my 19m Spirit of Gaia. It is in effect a 4'6" - 1.35m headroom,
small boat cabin
Używamy for heavy
plików cookieweather control, aby
na tej stronie, giving a double
poprawić berth,wrażenia.
Twoje chart table
and brew up facility next to the helmsman who has localised standing
headroom with all round vision (without having to stand on a box to see over
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13.03.2023, 19:46 Wolna burta i wiatr | Projekty Jamesa Wharrama
James
the highW harram
deck cabin roof!) and optional total weather protection in bad
weather.Projekty
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Islander 55 - click to enlarge
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This 'Command Pod' is separate and private from 'guests'. Like all captains I
have nothing against guests, providing they have their own space. Forward of
the command pod is the guest cockpit, situated in the minimum motion part
of the ship. There is direct access to all the individual cabins and a view all
round (something you do not get sitting in a cockpit hidden behind the high
deck cabin of the standard charter/cruising catamaran). With a wind dodger
and bimimi it is sheltered from wind and/or sun, with added side curtains it
can be totally sheltered from rain.
The unrealised wonder material of modern yachts is not carbon fibre, but
durable awning fabrics, webbing straps, Velcro and zippers. Using carefully
shaped fabrics one can create a variety of centre-deck tent-cabins, giving in
harbour a patio area, sheltered from sun, wind and rain. Remove this windage
when sailing, and you get the sailing efficiency of a true responsive sailing
double canoe/plików
Używamy catamaran.
cookie na tej stronie, aby poprawić Twoje wrażenia.
It will be noted that we use a different sail rig than other designers, this
subject has already been discussed in Mark Smaalders' article Briefly 50
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13.03.2023, 19:46 Wolna burta i wiatr | Projekty Jamesa Wharrama
subject has already been discussed in Mark Smaalders article. Briefly, 50
years agoJames
Howard Chappelle, the great American sailing ship historian and
Wharram
yacht designer, noted that on traditional form stable ships (never forget that
Projekty
the catamaran is a traditional form stable ship), to increase sail area for speed,
while maintaining stability, one extended the length of the sail plan, but did
SklepnotNasze
increase the height.
katamarany The Islander
Wycieczka 55 sail
wizualna plan is ivery
Artykuły blogieasy to handle
O nas and
Świat Wharrama
can be reefed or lowered with a following wind.
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I have noticed that other designers are beginning to move away from the
maximum luxury, accommodation catamaran parameters. Some are
'slimming down' the modern luxury cat for more sailing sparkle/
performance, some are reducing the size of deck cabin. Lets hope they
remember to keep within a safe stability factor by keeping the rigs low and of
sensible area.
Within the ancient double canoe/raft configuration is still room for new
design type development. A future trend of catamaran design could feature
more cruising catamarans, putting Sailing Abilities first, before maximum,
luxury accommodation!
Further Reading:
Philosophy behind the Ethnic Approach
An overview of James Wharram Design's core design principles and how
new designs are created to reflect these principles.
Heavy Weather Sailing on Wharrams
How the design of Wharram catamarans is influenced by the
experiences of many ocean storms.
Catamaran Stability
What makes a multihull stable. This seminal article was published in
several yachting magazines. It is still as valid today as when it was
written in 1991.
Design Discussion
James compares Gaia’s design features with those of the charter Pahi 52.
Spirit of Gaia’s Wingsail Rig is tested by other catamaran sailors.
Wharram
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