Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Copyright 2009
Gates Corporation
Denver, CO 80202 Printed in the U.S.A.
C O N T E N T S
Chapter 1 Introduction .............................................................................................2
Why Preventive Maintenance . ................................................................................... 2
Components of a Preventive Maintenance Program . ............................................. 2
Fluid Power Technology.............................................................................................. 3
Chapter 2 Safety ........................................................................................................4
Chapter 3 Periodic Inspections ..............................................................................8
When to Inspect and How Often ................................................................................ 8
Inspection Procedures ............................................................................................... 8
Chapter 4 Troubleshooting ...................................................................................10
Chapter 5 Hose Selection (Stamped). ............................................................19
Why Use Hose ........................................................................................................... 19
Hose Construction . .................................................................................................. 19
Hose Performance Characteristics......................................................................... 21
Hose Selection .......................................................................................................... 22
Characteristics of Hose Stock Types ...................................................................... 28
Hose Nomenclature ................................................................................................. 31
Agency Specifications . ............................................................................................. 33
Hydraulic Fluids ........................................................................................................ 34
Storage and Shelf Life .............................................................................................. 35
Service Life . .............................................................................................................. 35
Chapter 6 Proper Coupling Selection .................................................................36
Permanent Couplings .............................................................................................. 36
Field-Attachable Couplings ..................................................................................... 36
Coupling Identification ............................................................................................. 36
Gates Coupling Nomenclature ................................................................................ 43
Additional Selection Criteria .................................................................................... 45
Chapter 7 Proper Hose Assembly .......................................................................46
Measuring and Cutting Hose ................................................................................... 46
Fitting Orientation . ................................................................................................... 47
Hose Preparation Procedures . ............................................................................... 48
Pre-Assembly Using Two-Piece Fittings . .............................................................. 48
Pre-Assembly Using One-Piece Fittings . .............................................................. 48
Crimp Procedures .................................................................................................... 49
Permanent Swage Procedures ............................................................................... 50
Field-Attachable Procedures .................................................................................. 51
Hose Cleanliness ...................................................................................................... 51
Chapter 8 Installing Hose Assemblies ...............................................................56
Coupling Configurations .......................................................................................... 56
Use of Adapters . ....................................................................................................... 57
Hose Routing Tips . ................................................................................................... 57
Seven Easy Steps to Install a Hose Assembly . ...................................................... 60
Installation Torque . ...................................................................................................61
Accessories for Assembly Protection . ................................................................... 62
Chapter 9 Crimper Preventive Maintenance ....................................................63
Setup, Maintenance and Troubleshooting .............................................................. 63
Safety and Maintenance for Gates Crimpers.......................................................... 67
Chapter 10 Glossary of Terms ................................................................................72
1
I N T R O D U C T I O N
In addition, there is a growing • Maintenance records.
Think Safety! awareness regarding costs
• Regularly scheduled inspections
associated with cleaning up a
This symbol indicates conducted when equipment is
hydraulic spill (EPA). shut down and hoses are not
important safety
information throughout Combining top-quality Gates pressurized.
this manual. products with a regular preventive • Troubleshooting (identifying
maintenance program will keep problems and solutions).
your equipment at maximum
• Proper hose and fitting selection.
Why Preventive efficiency.
• Proper assembly, routing and
Maintenance? Benefits
installation.
There are several good reasons 1. Efficient production because
• Receiving updated maintenance
to begin a preventive mainte equipment is in good operating
and product training periodically.
nance program. Costly emergency condition at all times.
repairs, production downtime and 2. Better use of in-shop
worker safety to name a few. maintenance personnel since Think Safety!
The main objective of a preventive there’s less emergency work
maintenance program is to identify and more scheduled work. Important Note:
component weaknesses before 3. Improved control of spare parts Though this manual contains helpful
failure and loss of production. inventory, and reduced parts suggestions, it is not an all-inclusive
Some people believe that PM usage. reference for implementing a preventive
actually should mean “predictive maintenance program.
maintenance” rather than 4. Reduction of equipment
“preventive maintenance.” downtime through scheduled The most effective program will also take
inspections. into account your equipment manufacturer’s
recommendations, as well as your experience
5. Safety hazards are minimized.
in using and maintaining the equipment. You
6. Increased life expectancy of should, however, contact Gates before doing
equipment. anything contrary to recommendations in this
manual or in other Gates literature.
7. Fewer capital outlays for
purchasing new equipment You must also consult the equipment
prematurely. manufacturer for information regarding injury
8. Reduced repair costs due to risks related to its equipment that may not be
fewer breakdowns. identified or fully discussed in this manual.
In addition, Society of Automotive Engineers
9. Prevention of equipment (SAE) recommended practice J1273* contains
deterioration from causes other many useful recommendations about design,
than obsolescence. installation, maintenance and other activities
Preventive maintenance is involving hose assemblies in hydraulic systems.
especially important with hydraulic Components of
products. The high pressures and a Preventive
temperatures associated with Maintenance Program
hydraulics make hose and fitting
An effective preventive
maintenance as well as selection
maintenance program consists of
critical. If done correctly, the risk * SAE documents are available through
the following key elements:
of injury and/or excessive, costly SAE Customer Service at:
downtime decreases significantly. • Maintaining a safe work (phone) 724-776-4970
environment. (fax) 724-776-0790
2
1
Fluid Power Technology Customer Training
3
S A F E T Y
Failure to do so can result in loss
of the injured part or death.
Leak. Leaking hydraulic fluid is
not only unsightly, it’s hazardous.
In addition to making workplace
floors slippery and dangerous,
leaks also contaminate the
environment. As little as one quart
of oil can pollute up to 250,000
gallons of water. Estimates are
that 100 million gallons of oil
leak from hydraulic equipment
annually. Before cleaning an oil
spill, always check EPA, state and
local regulations.
4
Stored Energy. Hydraulic systems
sometimes use accumulators to
store potential energy or absorb
Precautions should be taken to
eliminate all ignition sources
from contact with escaping fluids,
OSHA standards require that all
hydraulic tools used on or near
energized power lines or equip
2
shock. This energy can create sprays or mists resulting from ment be supplied with non-con
pressure that keeps the system’s hydraulic failures. Sources of ducting hose having adequate
components moving. ignition could include electrical strength for normal operating
discharges (sparks), open flames, pressures [29 CFR 1926.951(f)(3)].
REMEMBER: charged accumu
extremely high temperatures,
lators can be lethal. Always open Faulty wiring can also be an
hot manifolds and engine blocks,
the accumulator’s valve to release electrical hazard. A regular pre
sparks caused by metal-to-metal
pressure. Hoses under pressure ventive maintenance program
contact, etc.
act as accumulators. should always include a wiring
check.
Temperature Mechanical
* Even non-wire reinforced hose may
Mechanical motion can be be conductive through the rubber
Most hydraulic systems typically compound itself or moisture that
dangerous. Watch out for swinging
operate at 150° to 180°F. Others penetrates a pin-pricked hose cover.
arms, booms, rollers, presses
may go as high as 300°F. Liquid
— anything that moves can be
at these temperatures may burn
dangerous if a hose fails. For
skin. Metal parts (such as fittings
example, when a hose bursts,
and adapters) are also hot and
objects supported by fluid pressure
may cause burns. Hoses can also
may fall, and vehicles or machines
become hot.
may lose their brakes. If the
equipment is mobile, always chock
the tires to prevent rolling.
Electrical
It’s important to turn hydraulic
equipment off before starting to
work on it. If plant equipment, lock
the control box, and tag it with a
warning sign stating “DOWN FOR
MAINTENANCE. DO NOT TURN
ON POWER.” If the equipment
is mobile, take the key and/or
disconnect the battery so it can’t
be started.
Flammability During normal equipment
With the exception of those operation, you may be exposed
comprised primarily of water, all to electrical hazards such as
hydraulic fluids are flammable high-voltage power lines and
when exposed to the proper underground power sources.
conditions (including many “fire- Always identify these potential
resistant” hydraulic fluids). hazards before running the
equipment. Most hydraulic
Leaking pressurized hydraulic hose is wire-reinforced,
fluids may develop a mist or fine making it conductive
spray that can flash or explode to electricity*. Some
upon contact with a source of equipment requires the use
ignition. These explosions can be of non-conductive hose if there’s
very severe and could result in a chance of contacting power
serious injury or death. sources.
5
Safe Hose Selection Safe Coupling Selection Safe Hose Assembly
Proper hose selection is critical to Thread ends must be compatible Once the components have been
a safe hydraulic system. A simple in order to prevent leaking or selected, it’s important that the
rule of thumb for proper hose assembly blow-off. assembly is made properly. If not,
selection is the word “stamped”: Fittings seal three ways: the ends could blow-off.
S SIZE 1. Thread interface Whether you’re making it yourself
or buying it ready-made, don’t mix
T TEMPERATURE
and match hose and couplings
A APPLICATION from various manufacturers. It’s
critical that the hose and coupling
M MATERIAL
manufacturer are the same and
P PRESSURE that they’re assembled using the
E ENDS manufacturer’s recommended
2. Mechanical joint or mated angle equipment, components and
D DELIVERY (Volume) procedures. Mixed combinations
The first step in having a safe may not have been tested.
hydraulic system is selecting Gates has conducted extensive
components that meet your needs. testing to verify the integrity of its
Compromises in hose selection products. For instance, an assem
may put you in danger, as well as bly with our EFG4K hose passes
affect the performance and life 1 million impulse cycles when
of your system. The decision may 3. O-rings tested at SAE100R12 conditions
work for the short run, but may with GlobalSpiral® couplings.
not be a good long-term decision.
Remember, the most important
thing is your safety.
Most hydraulic systems should be
designed with a 4:1 safety factor
(burst test pressure vs. maximum
It’s critical that both the male and
recommended working pressure).
female fittings are compatible to
However, some applications
create an effective seal.
may have different standards
(examples: waterblast, jack hose). Incorrect seating can cause leaks,
which can create a safety and
See Chapter 5 for more details.
environmental hazard.
See Chapter 6 for more details.
6
That means not only is the product
safe, but you’ll receive maximum
hose life as well. The key is
Safe Installation
It is important to pay particular
attention to hose routing (see
important:
• When connecting threaded or
2
Proper torquing of fittings is also
7
P E R I O D I C I N S P E C T I O N S
Think Safety!
• Operating pressures. Inspection Procedure
• Environmental factors.
Review Safety • Type of usage (rugged, Preventive
Precautions First abusive, shock, vibration, Maintenance Checklist
operating time, etc.).
Prior to conducting any By following this preventive
inspection of your hydraulic • Accessibility of equipment. maintenance checklist, you
system, it’s important to can maintain your equipment’s
Of course, personal experience
understand the precautions hoses efficiently, safely and
with your equipment is often the
outlined in Chapter 2, as with very little effort. Each
best manual for knowing when
well as specific precautions step is covered in detail in the
to conduct inspections. If you’re
outlined by your equipment’s following section.
having a specific problem or
manufacturer. 1. First, always turn off
problem area, it is important to
keep a close eye on the situation. the equipment’s power
and release pressure in
A good place to begin is with a Also, if you have a rugged, hoses.
periodic inspection of hydraulic high-pressure hose application
components. During normal operating 24 hours a day, seven 2. Place equipment and
operation, be aware of how the days a week, it will require more components in a safe
equipment sounds, looks and frequent inspections than a hose or neutral position (use
feels. Any noticeable difference in used in a mild environment at lockout tag).
its daily operation may indicate a ambient temperature that’s only 3. Remove access panels and
problem. Take time to check it out pressurized a few times daily. inspect hose and fittings
thoroughly. for damage or leaks.
Potential problem areas include:
4. Repair or replace as
When to Inspect and • High heat sources. needed.
How Often • Rough abrasion areas. 5. Inspect other hydraulic
Because inspections vary by • Tight bends or twisting. components.
type of equipment, refer to your 6. Reinstall the access
equipment operating manual for These possible trouble spots may
panels.
recommendations. Always use need to be inspected and hoses
replaced more often. Always look 7. Turn power back on.
the manufacturer’s inspection
recommendations. If they are not for opportunities to correct these 8. Be aware of your equip
available, a good rule of thumb is: potentially damaging situations. ment, always looking and
listening for anything
• For mobile equipment: every unusual.
400-600 of operation hours or
three months, whichever occurs
first. 1. Turn off equipment power and
• For stationary equipment: every release pressure.
three months. Remember to release pressure
The following factors influence from the accumulators along
how often you need to inspect your with the system pressure. Lock
hose: the control box and tag it with a
warning sign that reads “Down
• Critical nature of equipment. For Maintenance. Do Not
• Operating temperatures. Turn On Power.” If it’s mobile
equipment, turn the key off, put
it in a safe place and disconnect
battery. Chock tires if necessary.
8
2. Place equipment and
components in a safe or neutral
position.
B. Leakage
Leaking can occur in the hose,
at the coupling and/or the thread
6. Reinstall the access panels.
7. Turn on the power.
3
8. Be aware of your equipment.
Make sure components are not in end. Signs of leakage include:
mid-stroke, mid-cycle or holding Your eyes, ears and nose are your
• Puddles of fluid in or around the
a load. This could cause the best inspection tools. Rely on your
equipment.
equipment to be unstable or to senses. If they tell you something
move. Before working around the • Low fluid in reservoir. isn’t quite right, check it out to
equipment, drop the load, retract avoid the unwanted result of a hose
• Greasy/dirty hose.
cylinders, relieve pressure and assembly failure.
allow cool-down time. Release pressure and allow cool-
• Smell burning oil? It’s a sign
down time. Then look around
3. Remove access panels and of excessive heat. Measure
to locate the leak, but be very
inspect hose and fittings for temperature; carefully inspect
careful.
damage or leaks. and test the hose assemblies.
C. Routing
Hose assemblies — what to look for: • Is the hose’s wire reinforcement
Proper routing is critical in showing? This is a sign of hose
preventing early hose failure. Make damage. Replace the hose
sure hoses do not rub against each assembly.
other or against metal parts. Also,
• Hose hot to the touch? If you
make sure they are not located
can’t hold it for five seconds,
next to a high heat source. Check
the operating temperature
for twisting or kinking, and make
may be too high. Measure the
sure there’s enough slack to allow
temperature against Gates
for length changes under pressure.
specifications. Also, carefully
See Chapter 8 for more details. inspect and test the hose.
For hose temperature
recommendations, refer to
A. Cover Chapter 5 in this manual.
Think Safety!
The hose’s cover protects the
reinforcement. If damaged, the CAUTION: Never check Think Safety!
reinforcement could be damaged for leaks by running your
as well. Visually inspect the cover hand over hose or hydraulic CAUTION: Never touch a
for signs of: connections. Instead, use a pressurized hose assembly. Shut
• Abrasion piece of cardboard to locate a down the hydraulic system and
pressurized leak. For drips (low relieve pressure before checking
• Blisters
pressure leaks), use a rag to hose temperature.
• Nicks, cracks or cuts clean the area and determine
• Hardness where the leak originates.
If any step in the inspection
• Color changes indicates a problem (or even a
Look around to find what caused 4. Repair or replace as needed. potential problem), have it checked
the damage. For instance, what’s out and repaired before operating.
See Chapter 8 for hose assembly
causing the abrasion? Is it rubbing replacement. Keep a detailed log of inspection
against metal or another hose? and service information. This can
5.Inspect other hydraulic
Check for hardness by pressing be used to identify problem areas
components.
a ballpoint pen into rubber. Pen and trends.
should not permanently indent Look beyond the hose and fittings
For specific troubleshooting
or penetrate hose cover. Be to other components like valves,
information, refer to Chapter 4.
careful – it could be hot! If the pumps, cylinders, etc., for leaks
hose is hard, check to see if it’s and damage.
near a heat source such as an
exhaust manifold.
9
T roubl e shooting
2. Protect hose.
Nylon and urethane sleeving and
spring guards can be used to
protect the cover from abrasion.
See page 62 for more information.
3. Change to a hose with a cover
that is compatible with any
chemicals it may contact.
10
surges, you may want to consider a
spiral wire-reinforced hose rather
than a wire braid-reinforced hose
4
(see Chapter 5 for proper hose
selection).
Reroute hose to eliminate
excessive flexing and/or exceeding
the minimum recommended bend
radius for the hose in use. Use
a hose that has a smaller bend
radius.
Hose Burst at Coupling Leak at Thread End/Seat
Problem: Hose has burst at Problem: Coupling leaks at thread
Gates
coupling end. or seat.
MegaSys®
hose products This may be caused by insufficient This may be caused by any of the
are designed hose slack, excessive bending/ following:
to improve flexibility and flexing or an overcrimped hose
1. Missing or damaged O-ring.
perform at half the industry end. When a hose is pressurized,
standard (SAE) minimum it typically shortens in length 2. Damaged threads or seat angle.
bend radius. This includes putting excessive stress (tug) at
3. Thread misalignment.
very high-pressure spiral- the coupling. Excessive bending
reinforced, wire-braid and or flexing increases stress of the 4. Incompatible thread ends or seat
low-pressure suction hose. reinforcement. Overcrimping angles.
or use of the wrong ferrule will 5. Over or undertorquing.
damage or crush the reinforce
ment, severely limiting its ability to Solutions:
withstand pressure. Remove the connection and
Solution: inspect.
Increase hose length to 1. Certain couplings require the
accommodate contraction use of an O-ring. If it is missing,
under pressure. Increase actual replace it. If an O-ring is used,
bend radius as the hose exits check for damage caused by
the coupling (see Chapter 8 for installation or possible material
proper installation and routing). breakdown from heat or fluid
Bend restrictors can also be incompatibility. Alternative
used to reduce bending stress O-ring materials may be
at the coupling. Replace hose required. Replace if necessary.
assembly with properly crimped 2. Check the threads and/or seat
assembly. See appropriate crimp angle for damage that may have
data chart (form no. 35019) for occurred prior to or during
ferrule, coupling and crimp installation. Any ding or burr
recommendations. may be a potential leak path.
Replace if necessary.
3. If the coupling was misaligned
during installation, threads may
have been damaged. Replace
and carefully reinstall.
11
4. It is possible to thread together
some components that are not
compatible. Use Gates thread
I.D. kit to assist in identifying
mating components. Some
thread end configurations have
better sealability than others.
Also, see Chapter 6 for proper
coupling selection.
5. Overtorquing of a threaded
connection can stretch and
damage threads and mating Weep at Hose Coupling Coupling Blow-Off
seat angles. Overtorquing can Interface Problem: The crimped coupling
also damage the staking area of Problem: Fluid is seeping or comes off the end of the hose.
the nut. Overtorquing can cause weeping from the end of the
cracking of either the nut or seat. This may caused by any of the
ferrule. following:
Undertorquing does not allow
proper sealing. See Chapter 8 This may be caused by insufficient 1. Under or overcrimping.
for recommended installation hose insertion during assembly
and/or undercrimping/over 2. Incorrect crimping dies.
torque. Use of a torque wrench
crimping. Also, excessive vibration, 3. Improper skive (if applicable).
can alleviate such problems.
flexing and tugging may weaken 4. Incorrect fitting/hose
the interface and reduce the combination.
assembly’s ability to prevent 5. Ferrule not engaged into the
fluid seepage. stem locking collar (if using two-
Solution: piece coupling).
Whether it has been undercrimped Insufficient hose slack in routing
or the stem has been improperly will cause the hose to pull away
inserted, the hose assembly must from and release the coupling.
be replaced with one that has been Mixing various manufacturers’
properly assembled. hose and couplings may also
reduce coupling retention.
12
4
Coupling Corrosion Hose Cracks Hose Twist
Problem: Coupling has been Problem: Hose cover or tube has Problem: Hose assembly
exposed to corrosive conditions cracks and appears hardened. is twisted.
that have begun to cause rust
This is typically caused by exposure This is evident by a spiraling hose
and deterioration. Chemicals,
to excessive heat and/or ozone. label and bends in two planes, as
fertilizers, humidity or a marine
Excessive heat can be created by: demonstrated in the photograph
environment could be the cause of
above. Twisting misaligns the
the corrosion. • Routing near a heat source
reinforcement and reduces its
such as an exhaust manifold.
Many hydraulic fittings are ability to withstand pressure.
manufactured from carbon steel • Using an undersized hose Twisting a high-pressure hose
and have zinc dichromate plating or reservoir. seven degrees may reduce service
that provides minimal corrosion life by as much as 90 percent.
An increase of 18°F above the
resistance. SAE J516 requires
maximum temperature may Solution:
manufacturers to pass a 96-hour
decrease hose life by half. Cracks
continuous salt spray test. Replace and re-route the hose to
can also be caused by flexing,
ensure that bending occurs only
Solution: especially at excessively low
in one plane (see below). The use of
temperatures. Never exceed the
Provide adequate protection for the bent tube or block style couplings
temperature rating of the hose.
coupling or minimize exposure to and adapters may improve routing.
corrosive elements. Other coupling Solution: Also, when installing the assembly,
materials, such as stainless steel hold the backup hex to prevent it
Select a hose that meets the
and brass are available and can from turning and applying a twist.
temperature and flow require
provide better resistance to some If male and female couplings are
ments of the application. Also,
corrosive elements. used on the same hose assembly,
identify the heat source and
install the male (non-swivel) end
consider re-routing it away from
first.
Gates TuffCoat® the source to minimize the heat’s
plating provides effects. Examine reservoir size Right Wrong
over 400 hours (if necessary).
of protection See Chapter 8 for more details.
against corrosion. This is a 400
percent improvement over the
96-hour SAE standard.
13
Crushed Hose Cover Blisters Tube Swell
Problem: Hose has been crushed. Problem: Blisters have formed on Problem: The equipment
the hose cover. has become sluggish and
Flattened area has been caused
by external forces (movement). This can be caused by incompatible unresponsive.
Reinforcement is weakened and fluids that have permeated the Cutting and evaluating the hose
could burst. Also, the tube has hose tube and collected under shows the hose tube is swollen
collapsed restricting fluid flow. the cover. Compressed gases can and deteriorated and possibly
also permeate or effuse through washed out in sections. Fluid
Solution:
the tube and become trapped incompatibility is the likely cause.
Determine source of damage. under the cover. Trapped air in the Many new fluids are now promoted
Re-routing or guarding may be hydraulic system can also cause as “environmentally friendly” but
necessary. Replace hose. blisters. may not necessarily be compatible
Solution: with the hose.
Replace the hose with one that See chemical resistance tables in
is compatible with the fluid being Gates hydraulic catalog 35093.
used. If it is compressed gas, the Excess fluid temperatures can also
cover can also be perforated (pin- cause the tube to bulge near the
pricked) to allow the gas to pass end of the coupling.
through the cover. Textile hose
Solution:
covers also eliminate blistering.
Bleed the system to eliminate any Replace the hose using a tube
trapped air. material recommended for that
particular fluid (see Chapter 5 for
proper hose selection).
Think Safety!
CAUTION: Some gases can Gates
displace breathable air and/ EnviroFluid®
or be flammable. Properly hoses are
ventilate the routing area. compatible with
biodegradable hydraulic fluids
like polyolester, polyglycol and
vegetable oil as well as standard
petroleum-based fluids.
14
4
JIC/SAE Seat Cracks Hose Tube Failure Static Discharge On
Problem: Fitting sealing cone seat Problem: Hose tube failure – tube Teflon® Hose
is cracked. material is cracked and brittle. Problem: Pinholes in Teflon® tube
High temperature caused by that allow fluid to escape through
Solution:
excessive fluid velocity. the cover.
If crack is due to overtorquing,
Solution: Dissection of tube shows black
use torque wrench and
Compare pump output to the hose “burn” areas and pinholes. This
follow recommended torque
size using flow rate chart (page 23). is caused by a release of an
specifications. If crack is due
Select a hose type with a higher electrostatic charge through the
to excessive vibration or shock
temperature rating. If not possible, tube to the wire cover. Some fluids
loading, change hose routing to
add cooling devices and increase have the potential for electrostatic
reduce side load on fitting.
reservoir size. buildup.
Solution:
Replace damaged hose with one
that has a conductive tube (Gates
C14 conductive tube). This allows
any charge to be conducted to the
end fittings rather than discharging
through the tube wall.
15
Overcrimp Undercrimp Mushroom Flare Crimp
Problem: The ferrule appears to Problem: The ferrule appears to Problem: The crimp of the
be overcrimped which could lead to be undercrimped which can lead to ferrule is not full length, leaving a
leaking or premature failure. coupling leaks or blow-offs. mushroom flare at the top of the
ferrule. This could lead to coupling
Solution: Solution:
blow-off or early failure.
Refer to the crimp manuals or Refer to the crimp manuals or
Solution:
charts for proper die selection and charts for proper die selection and
crimp settings. Receive hands-on crimp settings. Receive hands-on With the Gates crimping system,
training for fabricating hydraulic training for fabricating hydraulic be sure that the ferrule or shell
assemblies. Use Gates calipers assemblies. Use Gates calipers is fully engaged with the dies
to measure the finished crimp to measure the finished crimp to ensure a full-length crimp. Refer
diameter for accuracy. Crimp O.D. diameter for accuracy. Crimp to Gates crimp manuals and charts
tolerance is +/- .010 (in.). (See O.D. tolerance is +/- .010 (in.) (See for proper crimping instructions.
Chapter 7, page 50, to properly Chapter 7, page 50, to properly Receive proper training on
measure crimp diameter.) measure crimp diameter.) crimping procedures with the
Gates hose and coupling system.
16
4
Tail-Flare Crimp Good Crimp Good Crimp
MegaCrimp® Coupling GlobalSpiral® Coupling
Problem: The crimp of the ferrule
is not full length, leaving a tail flare
at the end of the ferrule.
Solution:
With the Gates crimping system,
be sure that the ferrule or shell
is fully engaged with the dies
to ensure a full-length crimp.
Refer to the Gates crimp
manuals and charts for proper
crimping instructions. Receive
proper training on the crimping
procedures with the Gates hose
and coupling system.
17
Unresponsive Equipment If you encounter a problem that
hasn’t been covered in this manual
Problem: Equipment has become or which still exists after your
sluggish or unresponsive. There troubleshooting efforts have been
are a number of potential causes exhausted, contact your Gates
that should be reviewed: distributor or sales representative.
Cause Solution
Air in the hydraulic system Check fluid level.
Pressure drop Review hose sizes and lengths to minimize pressure drop. Smaller hose
diameters and longer lengths increase the pressure drop in a line.
Replace block style couplings and adapters with bent tube style
to improve laminar flow and reduce pressure drop.
Hose tube collapse or swell Check fluid compatibility with tube material.
Vacuum may have exceeded hose vacuum rating. Select a hose that
meets the requirements.
Non-functioning hydraulic Check each hydraulic component for full function, i.e., seal may have
components (pumps, valves, etc.) rolled in a cylinder causing it to bind and limit stroke.
Blockage in fluid flow Check flow in each line and component for blockage. It may be
necessary to remove and replace each component to determine where
blockage exists. Eliminate source of contamination.
18
H os e S e l e ction
5
Why Use Hose? Hose Construction
There are two commons types of A hose is generally made up of
fluid connection — rigid tubing and three components:
hose assemblies.
Tube Cover
Rigid tubing offers the following
advantages:
• Better heat dissipation.
• Tighter bend radius. Braided reinforcement can be wire
• Lighter weight. or textile and can have single or
multiple layers.
• Ability to handle pressures
exceeding 6,000 psi.
Hose assemblies, however, have
the following advantages:
• Less susceptible to damage from
vibration or movement. Reinforcement
• No brazing or specialized
bending required.
• Easier to obtain in the 1. Tube: The tube’s function is
aftermarket. to contain the material conveyed.
Spiraled reinforcement on
• Easier to route around obstacles. Refer to the chemical resistance
hydraulic hose is typically wire or
charts and characteristics of hose
• Sound absorption. textile and has four or six layers
stock types in Gates hydraulic
(plies). Spiral-reinforced hose
• Dampens pressure surges. catalog to identify material for
can typically handle more severe
a specific fluid.
Today’s hydraulic hose is much applications with longer impulse
lighter and provides improved 2. Reinforcement: The service life.
bend radius compared to earlier reinforcement is the hose’s
products. With the introduction muscle. It provides the necessary
of these hoses (such as Gates strength to resist internal pressure
MegaSys® products), the weight (or external pressure in the case of
advantage of bent tubing has suction/vacuum).
been minimized, while the bend
The three basic types of
advantage has been reduced by
reinforcement are:
half.
• Braided
Given the availability and routing
advantages of hose, maintenance • Spiraled
personnel often prefer it over • Helical Helical coil reinforcement keeps
metal tubing. It is not uncommon to the hose from collapsing during
replace a hard-to-reach failed bent suction (vacuum) and tight bending.
tube with a hose assembly.
19
3. Cover: The cover protects the
reinforcement and tube from
environmental conditions such as:
• Weather
• Ozone
• Abrasion
• Temperature
• Chemicals
Refer to the chemical resistance
charts and characteristics of hose
stock types in Gates hydraulic
catalog to help identify cover
material.
specified.
Think Safety!
WARNING:
• Hoses are not designed to
pull external loads or to
replace ropes, cables, etc.
• Do not re-couple used hose
with either field attachable
or permanent fittings.
• Heed these warning
messages to avoid serious
injury from premature hose
failures or hose being blown
out of fittings.
20
Hose Performance
Characteristics
Hydraulic hose (and hose
Working Pressure–The hydraulic
system pressure should not exceed
the rated working pressure of the
Fluid Compatibility–The
5
hydraulic assembly (tube, cover,
reinforcement and couplings)
hose. Pressure surges or peaks must be fluid compatible. The
assemblies) have a limited life exceeding the rated working correct hose must be used
dependent on service conditions pressure are destructive and because phosphate ester and
to which it is applied. Subjecting must be taken into account when petroleum-based hydraulic fluids
hose (and hose assemblies) to selecting a hose. It is not safe to have drastically different chemical
conditions more severe than the use hose assemblies above their characteristics. Many hoses are
recommended limits significantly rated working pressure. compatible with one or the other,
reduces service life. Exposure to but not all fluids. Gates G2XH
combinations of recommended Minimum Burst Pressure–Burst
and C5D hoses are capable of
limits (i.e., continuous use at pressures are reference pressures
handling both phosphate ester and
maximum rated working pressure, intended for destructive testing
petroleum-based hydraulic fluids.
maximum recommended operating purposes and design safety
temperature and minimum bend factors only.
radius) will also reduce service life. Temperature Range–Do not
Failure to follow proper selection, expose hose to internal or
installation and maintenance external temperatures exceeding
procedures may result in injury the recommended limits.
to personnel and/or damage to Consult additional technical data
equipment. when hydraulic fluids contain
Hose assemblies in service should emulsions or solutions. The fluid
be regularly inspected for leaks, manufacturer’s recommended
abrasion, kinks, cover blisters or maximum operating temperature
other such damage. Assemblies for any given fluid must not be
showing signs of wear or damage exceeded, regardless of hose
should be replaced immediately. temperature range (see page
Maximum service life can be 25). Some fluids reduce the safe
attained by complying with the operating temperature of a hose
following recommendations: (i.e. water in a hydraulic hose).
21
Minimum Bend Radius–Do not Hose Routing–Restrain, protect or Hose Selection
bend or flex hose to a radius guide hose (clamps can be used)
smaller than the minimum to minimize risk of damage due To take into account the hose
recommended and do not subject to excessive flexing, whipping or performance characteristics
hose to tension or torque. This contacting other moving parts and service application, a simple
can place excessive stress on the or corrosives. Determine hose and easy method is used to
reinforcement and severely reduce lengths and configurations that properly select a hydraulic hose.
the ability of the hose to withstand will result in proper routing and An effective way to remember
pressure. protection from abrasion, snagging this hose selection criteria is to
or kinking and provide leak- remember the word STAMPED.
Hose Size–The hose size (inside
resistant connections.
diameter) must be capable of
handling the required flow volume. Hose Length–Correct hose length
Too small an l.D. for a given volume determinations include consider S T AM P ED
of flow results in excessive fluid ations for length changes under
S = Size
turbulence, pressure drop, heat pressure, machine vibration
generation and tube damage. It and motion, and hose assembly T = Temperature
is generally a best practice not to routing.
exceed 30 feet per second fluid A = Application
Hose Applications–Select the
velocity in a hydraulic system.
proper hose for the application. M = Material to be
Using a larger I.D. hose will lower
Vacuum service (Gates Global
fluid velocity. conveyed
MegaVac®) and special fluid or
high temperature capabilities are P = Pressure
among the applications requiring
particular consideration and a E = Ends or couplings
specific hose. Do not use Gates
hydraulic hose in place of D = Delivery (volume)
permanent piping. When additional
information is required, contact
your local Gates representative.
22
Nomographic Chart
Flow Capacity of Hose Assemblies at
5
Recommended Flow Velocities
23
S
Velocity of hydraulic fluid in suction The hydraulics industry has
lines should always fall within the adopted a measuring system called
range recommended to ensure Dash Numbers to indicate hose and
efficient pump operation. coupling size. The number which
Hose Size precedes the hose or coupling
(Dash Numbers) To determine the replacement
description is the dash size (see
hose size, read the layline printing
The inside diameter of the hose table below). This industry standard
on the side of the original hose. If
must be adequate to keep pressure number denotes hose I.D. in
the original hose layline is painted
loss to a minimum and avoid sixteenths of an inch (the exceptions
over or worn off, the original hose
damage to the hose due to heat are the SAE100R5, SAE100R14,
must be cut and inside diameter
generation by excessive turbulence. and refrigerant hoses, where dash
measured for size. NOTE: Before
See hose sizing nomographic chart sizes denote hose I.D. compared to
cutting an original hose assembly,
on previous page. equivalent tube O.D.).
measure the overall assembly
The nomographic chart will help length and coupling orientation. This Hose O.D. can be a critical factor
you select the correct hose size measurement will be required to when hose routing clamps are
for a given hydraulic system. build the replacement assembly or used or hose is routed through
The velocity of the hydraulic fluid match the hose I.D. to the port size. bulkheads. Check individual hose
should not exceed the range shown specification tables for O.D.s.
Hose O.D. should not be used
in the right-hand column. When to identify the I.D. of the hose.
fluid velocities are higher than Different hose constructions
recommended in the chart, the will vary with the wall thickness
results are turbulent conditions and O.D.
with loss of pressure and excessive
heating. Higher velocities may be
used if the flow of hydraulic fluid
is intermittent or for only short
periods of time.
Dash Numbers
Hose I.D. (inches)
All except C5 series, C5 series, C14, and
Dash C14, and Refrigerant Refrigerant
No. Inches Millimeters Inches Millimeters
-3 3/16 4.8 — —
-4 1/4 6.4 3/16 4.8
-5 5/16 7.9 1/4 6.4
-6 3/8 9.5 5/16 7.9
-8 1/2 12.7 13/32 10.3
-10 5/8 15.9 1/2 12.7
-12 3/4 19.0 5/8 15.9
-14 7/8 22.2 — —
-16 1 25.4 7/8 22.2
-20 1-1/4 31.8 1-1/8 28.6
-24 1-1/2 38.1 1-3/8 34.9
-32 2 50.8 1-13/16 46.0
-40 2-1/2 63.5 2-3/8 60.3
-48 3 76.2 — —
-56 3-1/2 88.9 — —
-64 4 101.6 — —
24
T Think Safety!
CAUTION: To avoid
A
5
equipment breakdown and
Temperature Application
possible injury, the fluid
When selecting a replacement manufacturer’s recommended Determine where or how the
assembly, two areas of temper maximum operating temper replacement hose or assembly
ature must be considered. These ature for any given fluid must is to be used. Most often, only a
are fluid temperature and ambient not be exceeded. If different duplicate of the original hose
temperature. The hose selected than the listed hose temper will have to be made, provided
must be capable of withstanding atures, the lower limit must the original hose assembly gave
the minimum and maximum take precedence. acceptable service life. To fulfill the
temperature of the system. Care requirements of the application,
must be taken when routing additional questions may need to
hose near hot manifolds, and in Actual service life at temperatures be answered such as:
extreme cases, a heat shield may approaching the recommended Where will hose be used?
be advisable. limit will depend on the particular
Equipment type?
application and the fluid being used
Think Safety! in the hose. Intermittent (up to 10 Working and surge pressures?
percent of operating time) refers to
Suction application?
NOTE: Water, water/oil momentary temperature surges.
emulsions and water/glycol Detrimental effects increase with Fluid and/or ambient
solutions must be kept below increased exposure to elevated temperature?
the temperatures listed in the temperatures.
Fluid compatibility?
table below, relative to line
Environmental conditions?
pressures. Think Safety!
Low pressure applications Routing requirements?
(i.e., in return lines) require NOTE: Operating at maximum Government and industry
lower maximum temperatures temperature and maximum standards being met?
as shown. working pressure at the same
time may cause reduced service Unusual mechanical loads?
life. Hose construction?
Thread end connection type?
Maximum Temperature Limits for Water, Water/Oil Emulsions Permanent or field attachable
and Water/Glycol Solutions couplings?
25
M P
Pressure Drop
What Is Pressure Drop?
As related to fluid power, pressure
Material To Be Pressure drop is the difference between the
Conveyed It’s essential in the hose selection pressure of a fluid as it enters one
Some applications require process to know the system end of a hydraulic hose assembly
specialized oils or chemicals to pressure, including pressure and the pressure of that fluid as it
be conveyed through the system. spikes. Published working leaves the other end. There will be
Hose selection must ensure pressures must be equal to or a difference in pressure, and it will
compatibility of the hose tube, greater than the system pressure. be less. How much less depends on
cover, couplings and O-rings with Pressure spikes greater than the what is between the beginning and
the fluid used. Additional caution published working pressure will end of the hose assembly. Here are
must be exercised in hose selection shorten hose life and must be taken some factors that can influence the
for gaseous applications where into consideration. Gates DOES amount of pressure drop:
permeation can occur. NOT recommend using hose on
1. FRICTION — This is the rubbing
applications having pressure spikes
Permeation, or effusion, is seepage of fluid against the inside walls of
greater than published working
through the hose resulting in loss the hose assembly.
pressures of the hose.
of fluid. This may occur when hose 2. T YPE OF FLUID — Different
is used with fluids such as (but not Burst pressures are reference
fluids behave differently under
limited to): pressures intended for destructive
pressure. Thicker fluids are
testing purposes and design
• liquid and gas fuels moved with greater difficulty
safety factors only. Typically, for
• refrigerants and will exhibit greater pressure
dynamic hydraulic applications, the
drop.
• helium minimum burst pressure rating
is four times that of the maximum 3. TEMPERATURE OF FLUID —
• fuel oil
working pressure rating. Warming fluids thins them so
• natural gas they are moved more easily, as
Consider whether there are with automotive oil.
potential hazardous effects of 4. LENGTH OF HOSE ASSEMBLY —
permeation through the hose, such The longer it is, the more surface
as explosions, fires, and toxicity. there is for friction to decrease
Refer to applicable standards for pressure.
specific applications such as fuels
and refrigerants. 5. SIZE (I.D.) OF HOSE — Affects
the fluid velocity for a given
If gas permeates through the flow rate. Higher velocities
tube, consider pin-perforated result in greater pressure drop.
covers to prevent gas build-up Therefore, a larger I.D. hose will
under the cover. Also consider the produce less pressure drop.
compatibility of the system fluid
not only with the tube, but also with 6. T YPE OF COUPLINGS AND
the braid, cover, fittings, and other ADAPTERS — Any change in
components since permeation may bore or change in direction (such
expose the entire hose assembly as with 45° or 90° elbows) can
to the system fluid. For more increase the amount of pressure
information on hydraulic fluids drop.
please see page 34. 7. FLOW RATE — Pressure drop
NOTE: Some couplings contain increases with flow rate for the
nitrile O-rings, which must be same size hose.
compatible with the fluids being
used. See the chemical resistance
tables in Gates hydraulic catalog.
26
Who Cares About
Pressure Drop?
Suppose you need 4,000 psi of
E D
5
output from a hose assembly Ends or Couplings Delivery
for hydraulic equipment to run Identify the end connectors using How much fluid must go through
efficiently. There will be some the information provided in Chapter the hose? This will determine
pressure drop, and you must 6. There are two functional parts of the size of hose that must be
allow for it in helping to plumb the a hose coupling: 1) the hose barb used. Undersizing a hose leads to
system with hose, couplings and end and 2) the port connecting increased pressure loss. Over
adapters. This means that the input end. Both must be identified to sizing the hose adds unnecessary
pressure to the hose assembly determine the correct coupling cost, weight and bulk.
must be equal to the output, plus to use. Once the thread ends
the amount of pressure drop. If the have been identified, consult the
pressure drop in this example is appropriate section of the catalog
150 psi, then you will need 4,150 psi for specific part number selection.
of input.
Output PSI = Input PSI – Pressure
Drop
27
Characteristics of Tube and cover stocks may For detailed information on a
Hose Stock types occasionally be upgraded to take specific hose tube or cover stock,
advantage of improved materials check the chemical resistance
The characteristics shown below and technology. table in the Gates hydraulic
are for the normal or usual range catalog.
of these specific stocks. Stocks
can be changed somewhat through
different compounding to meet the
needs of specialized applications.
EPDM
Neoprene Nitrile Hypalon* (Ethylene CPE PTFE (Poly-
Chemical (Poly- (Acrylonitrile (Chlorosulfonated Propylene (Chlorinated tetrafluoro-
Name Choroprene) and Butadiene) Nylon Polyethylene) Diene) Polyethylene) ethylene)
Type A Type C Type Z Type M Type P Type J Type T
Flame Resistance Very Good Poor Good Good Poor Good Good
Petroleum Base Oils Good Excellent Good to Excellent Good Poor Very Good Excellent
Diesel Fuel Fair to Good Good to Excellent Good to Excellent Good Poor Good Excellent
Resistance to Gas Good Good Good to Excellent Good to Excellent Fair to Good Good Good to
Permeation Excellent
Weather Good to Excellent Poor Excellent Very Good Excellent Good Excellent
Ozone Good to Excellent Poor for Tube; Excellent Very Good Outstanding Good Excellent
Good for Cover
Low Temperature Fair to Good Poor to Fair Excellent Poor Good to Good Excellent
Excellent
Water-Oil Emulsions Excellent Excellent Good to Excellent Good Poor Excellent Excellent
Phosphate Esters Fair (for Cover) Poor Excellent Fair Very Good Very Good Excellent
Phosphate Fair (for Cover) Poor Excellent Fair Very Good Very Good Excellent
Ester Base
Emulsions
28
Gates Hydraulic Hose Selection Guide
Once you’ve identified STAMPED, use this manual to select the proper hose.
5
Stock
Standard Industry Construction
Description Use Tube Cover
Specification (Reinforcement)
Name Type Name Type
SAE 100R15 Extremely High Pressure, Petrol, Oils,
EFG6K 4&6-spiral, wire Nitrile C Neoprene A
EN 856 TYPE 4SP/4SH Environmental Fluids
SAE 100R13 Extremely High Pressure, Petrol, Oils,
EFG5K 4&6-spiral, wire Nitrile C Neoprene A
EN 856 TYPE 4SP/4SH Environmental Fluids
SAE 100R12 Extremely High Pressure, Petrol, Oils,
EFG4K 4&6-spiral, wire Nitrile C Neoprene A
EN 856 TYPE 4SP Environmental Fluids
SAE 100R12
EFG3K 4-spiral, wire Extremely High Pressure Petrol, Oils Nitrile C Neoprene A
EN 856 TYPE 4SP
SAE 100R15
G6K 4&6-spiral, wire Extremely High Pressure Neoprene A Neoprene A
EN 856 TYPE 4SP/4SH
SAE 100R13
G5K 4&6-spiral, wire Extremely High Pressure Petrol, Oils Neoprene A Neoprene A
EN 856 TYPE R13/4SP/4SH
S
G4K 4-spiral, wire Extremely High Pressure Petrol, Oils Neoprene A Neoprene A
EN 856 TYPE 4SP
SAE 100R12
G3K 4-spiral, wire Extremely High Pressure Petrol, Oils Neoprene A Neoprene A
EN 856 TYPE 4SP
SAE 100R12
C12 4-spiral, wire High Pressure, Petrol, Oils Neoprene A Neoprene A
EN 856 TYPE R12
SAE 100R12
C12M 4-spiral, wire High Pressure, Tight Bends Petrol, Oils Neoprene A Neoprene A
EN 856 TYPE R12
SAE 100R2 Type AT
G2 2-braid, wire Petroleum Oils Nitrile C NBR/PVC C2
EN 853 Type 2SN
SAE 100R2 Type AT MegaTech™ ACP 2-braid, wire Petroleum Oils CPE J Textile ---
SAE 100R2 Type AT
G2L 2-braid, wire Petroleum Oils, Low Temperatures Nitrile C Neoprene A
EN 853 Type 2SN
SAE 100R16 M2T® 2-braid, wire Tight Bends, High Flexibility Nitrile C NBR/PVC C2
Gates Proprietary M6K 2-braid, wire Tight Bends, High Flexibility Nitrile C NBR/PVC C2
Gates Proprietary M5K 2-braid, wire Tight Bends, High Flexibility Nitrile C NBR/PVC C2
Gates Proprietary M4K+ 2-braid, wire Tight Bends, High Flexibility Nitrile C NBR/PVC C2
SAE 100R17 M3K 1 & 2-braid, wire Tight Bends, High Flexibility Nitrile C NBR/PVC C2
SAE 100R17
M3KH 1-braid, wire High Pressure Oil Nitrile C NBR/PVC C2
EN 857 1SC
SAE 100R2 Type AT
G2H 2-braid, wire High Temperature Nitrile C Hypalon+ M
EN 853 TYPE 2SN
SAE 100R2 Type AT G2XH 2-braid, wire Multi-Fluid, High Temperature CPE J CPE J
SAE 100R2 Type AT G2AT-HMP 2-braid, wire Multi-Fluid, High Temperature CPE J Neoprene A
IJ100 J2AT 2-braid, wire Industrial Jack Hose Nitrile C NBR/PVC C2
SAE 100R1 Type AT
G1 1-braid, wire Petroleum Oils Nitrile C NBR/PVC C2
EN 853 Type 1SN
SAE 100R1 Type AT
G1H 1-braid, wire High Temperature Nitrile C Hypalon+ M
EN 853 TYPE 1SN
SAE 100R3
G3H(C3/C3H) 2-braid, textile Petrol. Oils, Antifreeze, Water, High Temperature Nitrile C Neoprene A
EN 854 TYPE R3
SAE 100R6
GTH(C6H) 1-braid, textile Petrol. Oils, Antifreeze, Water, High Temperature Nitrile C Neoprene A
EN 854 TYPE R6
SAE 100R4 G4H 2-spiral, textile, helical wire Return & Suction High Temperature Nitrile C Neoprene A
SAE 100R4 GMV 2-spiral, textile, helical wire Return & Suction High Temperature Nitrile C Neoprene A
RLA 1-braid, textile Return & Low Pressure Nitrile C NBR/PVC C2
SAE 30R2 Type 1 & 2
RLC 3-braid, textile Return & Low Pressure Nitrile C NBR/PVC C2
LOC 1-braid, textile Petrol, Oils, Antifreeze, Water & Air Nitrile C Textile --
LOL 1-braid, textile Petrol, Oils, Antifreeze, Water & Air Nitrile C *** A/C2
SAE J1402, J1019 MegaTech™ (ACR) 2-braid, wire, textile Hot Oil, Air Return Line CPE J Textile --
SAE J1019 MegaTech™ 250 2-braid, wire, textile Transmission Oil Cooler, Hot Oil, Air Return Line CPE J Textile --
SAE J1402, DOT FMVSS106-74 TR500 2-braid, wire, textile Petrol & Syn. Fluids, Air Brakes Nitrile C Textile —
SAE 100R5, DOT FMVSS106-74, Type AII *C5C 3-braid, T-W-T Petr. Oil, Air Brake, Power Steering *Nitrile C Textile —
SAE J1402, DOT FMVSS106-74, Type AII C5D 3-braid, T-W-T Petrol & Syn. Fluids, Air Brakes CPE J Textile —
SAE J1527, SAE J1942, ISO 7840 C5M 1-braid, wire Marine Fuel & Oil Nitrile C NBR/PVC C2
DOTFMVSS106-74, Type AI C5E 3-braid, T-W-T Air Brake, Power Steering, Lube Nitrile C Textile —
PTFE
SAE 100R14 C14 1-braid, stainless steel High Temperature, Multi Fluid, Nonconductive PTFE — Stainless Steel —
SAE 100R14 C14CT 1-braid, stainless steel High Temperature, Multi Fluid, Conductive PTFE Stainless Steel —
Thermoplastic
SAE 100R7 TH7(C7S) 1-braid, polyester Petroleum & Synthetic Fluids Nylon Z Urethane U
TH7NC/TH7NCDL
SAE 100R7 1-braid, polyester Non-conductive Nylon Z Urethane U
(C7SNC/C7SNCDL)
SAE 100R7 TH7DL(C7SDL) 1-braid, polyester Petroleum & Synthetic Fluids, Dual Line Nylon Z Urethane U
SAE 100R7 TH7NCDL(C7SNCDL) 1-braid, polyester Non-conductive, Dual Line Nylon Z Urethane U
SAE 100R8 TH8 2-braid, Polyester Petroleum & Synthetic Fluids Nylon Z Urethane U
SAE 100R8 TH8NC 2-braid, Polyester Non-conductive Nylon Z Urethane U
Refrigerant
SAE J51 Type AII Dimensions/ Type D
Nylon barrier, 2-spiral,
PerformanceJ2064, Type C, Class II PolarSeal® AC134a Air Conditioning (R12 and R134a) Chloroprene A EPDM P
Polyester
Performance
Power Steering, SAE J2050 PS188 2-braid, Nylon Power Steering Fluids, High Temperature Hypalon+ M Neoprene A
PowerClean™ PowerClean™ 1 & 2-braid, wire, Tight Bends, High Flexibility Nitrile C NBR/PVC C2
29
Gates Hydraulic Hose Selection Guide (continued)
Gates Hydraulic Hose Selection Guide
Temp. Dash Size vs. Rated Working Pressure (psi)
Description Range Hose
(°F) -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -8 -10 -12 -16 -20 -24 -32 -40 -48 -56 -64 Page
G6K -40 +250 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 D1
G5K -40 +250 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 D2
G2 -40 +212 6,000 5,800 4,800 4,000 3,625 3,100 2,400 1,825 1,300 1,175 E1
MegaTech™ II E1
G2L -70 +212 5,800 4,800 4,000 3,625 3,100 2,400 1,825 1,300 E2
M2T® -40 +212 5,000 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,250 2,000 E2
M6K -40 +212 6,000 E3
M5K -40 +212 5,000 5,000 5,000 E4
M4K+ -40 +212 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 E4
M3K -40 +212 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 E5
G1 -40 +212 3,625 3,275 3,125 2,600 2,325 1,900 1,525 1,275 925 725 600 E8
G1H -40 +275 2,750 2,250 2,000 1,500 1,250 1,000 625 725 600 E8
GTH(C6H) -40 +275 500 400 400 400 400 350 300 E10
TH7 -65 +200 2,500 3,000 2,750 2,500 2,250 2,000 1,250 1,000 K1
TH7NC -65 +200 2,500 3,000 2,750 2,500 2,250 2,000 1,250 1,000 K1
TH7DL -65 +200 2,750 2,500 2,250 2,000 K2
TH7NCDL -65 +200 2,750 2,250 2,000 K2
TH8 -65 +200 5,000 5,000 4,000 3,500 2,250 2,000 K3
TH8NC -65 +200 5,000 4,000 3,500 K3
30
Hose Nomenclature
5
8 C 2 AT (G2)
Global two wire
Thin cover, no skiving required (G2)
SAE 100R spec (SAE 100R2) two wire
Dash size in 1/16” (i.e., 8/16 = 1/2”)
Dash Numbers
Hose I.D. (inches)
All except C5 series, C5 series, C14, and
Dash C14, and Refrigerant Refrigerant
No. Inches Millimeters Inches Millimeters
-3 3/16 4.8 — —
-4 1/4 6.4 3/16 4.8
-5 5/16 7.9 1/4 6.4
-6 3/8 9.5 5/16 7.9
-8 1/2 12.7 13/32 10.3
-10 5/8 15.9 1/2 12.7
-12 3/4 19.0 5/8 15.9
-14 7/8 22.2 — —
-16 1 25.4 7/8 22.2
-20 1-1/4 31.8 1-1/8 28.6
-24 1-1/2 38.1 1-3/8 34.9
-32 2 50.8 1-13/16 46.0
-40 2-1/2 63.5 2-3/8 60.3
-48 3 76.2 — —
-56 3-1/2 88.9 — —
-64 4 101.6 — —
31
Agency Specifications It is important to understand the The following page is a list of
and Hose agency specification requirements hose products that meet these
Selection Manual that may be applicable to your specifications.
application. Here is a list and a
Copies of the specifications can
brief description of agencies.
be obtained from the controlling
agency.
SAE* The Society of Automotive Engineers establishes the American standards for most hydraulic hose. SAE
guidelines provide general properties of size, tolerances and minimum performance characteristics of
each major hose type.
SAE is made up of representatives from the major manufacturers. SAE does not test or certify hose and
fitting performance. SAE rated hoses from different manufacturers are not exactly the same. They are
similar.
SAE J517 identifies the 100R hose series, which range from 100R1 to 100R17. The number designation
following the “R” does not identify the number of reinforcement layers, but rather the specific requirements
of a type of hose. (See SAE J517 hose specification chart, page 29.)
DNV Det Norske Veritas for North Sea Floating Vessels. DNV certifies hose for use on floating vessels.
DIN The Deutch Industry Norm are German standards that are accepted through much of Europe. Similar
to SAE, they identify general guidelines for size, tolerances, construction and minimum performance
characteristics of major hose types.
DIN 20022 covers wire-braid constructions, while DIN 20023 covers spiral constructions. The types are
identified by the number of reinforcement layers and cover thickness. For example, DIN 20023 type 4SN is
a four-spiral construction with a thin (no-skive) cover.
EN By 1997, all hydraulic DIN standards were superseded by European standards called EN (European Norm).
The new European Norm for spiral hydraulic hoses is now called EN856 and is again divided into sub
categories, 4SP and 4SH which are identical to the old DIN 4SP and 4SH. The new European standards are
also included as sub divisions of SAE standards R12 and R13.
The new European Norm for hydraulic hoses with steel braid wire reinforcement that does not require
cover removal (non-skiving) is EN 853. The standard EN 853 is divided into two parts: 1SN for single braid
and 2SN for two braids.
NCB-174 The National Coal Board is now governed by British Coal Corporation. It sets the dynamic and static
pressures for the coal industry.
IJS The Industrial Jack Specification specifies the tests and procedures for hydraulic hose and hose
jacking systems. The test uses a limited impulse test life to determine a static (non-impulse) working
pressure rating.
MSHA The Mine Safety and Health Administration specifies flame-resistance properties required of hose covers
used in underground mining applications. It’s also the recognized standard for flame resistance for many
other industries.
DOT/FMVSS The Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards describe the requirements for
hydraulic, air and vacuum brake hose, hose assemblies and fittings for use on passenger vehicles, trucks,
buses, trailers and motorcycles.
USCG The United States Coast Guard requirements are met through two SAE specifications for hose and fittings
that are used on marine vessels. They are SAE J1475 and J1942. Also, J1942/1 lists hose that is accepted
(but not approved) by the USCG.
MIL/DOD The United States Military Department of Defense has many specifications that identify dimensional and
performance requirements for various hose types. Some specifications require a manufacturer to be listed
as an approved source. Many specifications require a low-temperature rating to -65°F.
* SAE documents are available through SAE Customer Service at: (phone) 724-776-4970 (fax) 724-776-0790
32
INDUSTRY AGENCIES
Agency Specifications and Hose Selection Guide
RCCC — Regular Commom Carrier Conference
for Fleet Truck and Bus
5
ABS — American Bureau of Shipping
DIN — Deutsch Industry Norm, German SAE — Society of Automotive Engineers
DNV — Det Norske Veritas for North Sea GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
Floating Vessels DOT/FMVSS — U.S. Department of Transportation/
EN — European Norm/Standard Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
GL — Germanischer Lloyds MSHA — U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration
IJS — Industrial Jack Specifications USCG — U.S. Coast Guard
33
SAE J517 Hydraulic Hose Specifications
This SAE standard provides general, dimensional and performance specifications for the most common hoses used in hydraulic systems on mobile and stationary equipment (100R Series).
SAE Equivalent
100R Series Description Gates Hose
100R1 Steel Wire Reinforced, Rubber Covered Hydraulic Hose (1 wire braid) C1A
Type A – Thick Cover (skive type) CIT/G1
Type AT – Thin Cover (no-skive type) C1TH/G1H
100R2 High Pressure, Steel Wire Reinforced, Rubber Covered Hyd. Hose (2 wire) C2A
Type A- Thick Cover (skive type) C2AT/G2
Type AT – Thin Cover (no-skive type) C2ATH/ G2H/G2AT
100R3 Double Fiber Braid (Nonmetallic), Rubber Covered Hydraulic Hose C3, C3H
100R4 Wire Inserted Hydraulic Suction Hose C4,
G4H/GMV
100R5 Single Wire Braid, Textile Covered Hydraulic Hose C5C
100R6 Single Fiber Braid (Nonmetallic), Rubber Covered Hydraulic Hose C6,
C6H/GTH
100R7 Thermoplastic Hydraulic Hose
Black TH7S
Orange – Non-conductive TH7NC
100R8 High Pressure Thermoplastic Hydraulic Hose
Black TH8S
Orange - Non-conductive TH8NC
100R9 High Pressure, Four Spiral Steel Wire Reinforced, Rubber Covered Hyd. Hose
Type A – Thick Cover (skive type)
Type AT – Thin Cover (no-skive type)
100R10 Heavy-Duty, Four Spiral Steel Wire Reinforced, Rubber Covered Hydraulic Hose
Type A – Thick Cover (skive type)
Type AT – Thin Cover (no-skive type)
100R11 Heavy Duty, Six Spiral Steel Wire Reinforced, Rubber Covered Hyd. Hose G3K, G4K
100R12 Heavy-Duty , High Impulse, Four Spiral, Wire Reinforced, Rubber Covered Hydraulic Hose C12, C12M,
G3K,G4K
100R13 Heavy-Duty, High Impulse, Multiple Spiral Wire Reinforced, Rubber Covered Hydraulic Hose C13, G5K
100R14 PTFE Lined Hydraulic Hose
Type A C14
Type B C14CT
100R15 Heavy-Duty, High Impulse, Multiple Spiral Wire Reinforced, Rubber Covered Hydraulic Hose G6K
100R16 Compact, 21 Mpa, Maximum Operating Pressure, 1 & 2 Steel Wire Reinforced, with Smaller Bend Radius M2T
100R17 Compact High Pressure, 1 & 2 Steel Wire Reinforced, Rubber Covered Hydraulic Hose M3K
Hydraulic Fluids Green fluids are typically 1. Lubricity – the fluid must
synthetic- or vegetable-based. keep friction low, maintain an
Types Synthetic fluids are primarily adequate film between moving
Most hydraulic fluids are ester-based. Vegetable oils are parts to prevent wear of pumps,
petroleum-based. Others are gaining popularity since they bearings, vanes, gears, pistons
either water glycol- or synthetic- cost less than synthetic and are and rods. Increasing pressures
based (i.e., phosphate ester). All more biodegradable. They also and, consequently, closer
provide specific properties that have excellent lubricity and a high tolerances, make lubricity even
may or may not meet the needs of viscosity index. However, they more important.
a given application. have a limited temperature range
2. Viscosity – fluid “thickness”
with rapid oxidation at elevated
In the past, hydraulic fluids have or resistance to flow. Pump
temperatures. Although the
caused problems by leaking into manufacturers specify this
fluid base may be biodegradable
the ground and contaminating the according to clearances, speeds,
and non-toxic, the additives
area and water supply. Today, the temperatures and suction
may not be.
industry is moving toward more characteristics. The fluid must
“environmentally friendly” fluids Vocabulary of Fluids be thin enough to flow freely, yet
where advances have led to many heavy enough to prevent wear
The properties that fluid suppliers and leakage. Viscosity might
new generations of “green” fluids. are striving to improve are: not be so critical in selecting
34
a hydraulic fluid except that
it varies with temperature.
Fluid thickens when it cools,
Storage and Shelf Life
Considerations
Storage environment, along
storage environment can
deteriorate hose, reduce
performance and may lead to
5
thins as it heats up. Because premature failure.
some hydraulic systems must with rubber materials, can vary
work under wide temperature the shelf life limit. Some hose
extremes, viscosity range is materials last longer in storage
important. due to inherent resistance
characteristics. Other materials
3. Viscosity Index – This measures require additives during
the rate of viscosity change compounding. These additives are
with temperature: the higher eventually consumed by varying
the index, the more stable the environments, even in seemingly
viscosity as temperature varies. ideal storage conditions.
4. Rust resistance – moisture Shelf life is difficult to predict
gets into petroleum fluids because many variables affect the
by condensation and by hose. Proper storage precautions Service Life
contamination of the reservoir. can result in five to seven years’ Considerations
Rust inhibitors and preventives shelf life. Beyond this time, service
combat the effects of moisture. Hydraulic hose has a limited life
life can decrease significantly, dependent on service conditions
Obviously, they are very depending on storage environment
important in water-in-oil to which it is applied. Subjecting
variables. Some of these variables hose (and hose assemblies) to
emulsions and water-glycol include temperature, humidity,
fluids. conditions more severe than the
ozone, oil, solvents, corrosive recommended limits significantly
5. Oxidation resistance – materials, fumes, insects, rodents, reduces service life.
air, heat and contamination all radioactivity, space allowance and
promote fluid oxidation which bends. Exposure to combinations
forms sludges and acids. of recommended limits (i.e.,
Hose should be stored in a cool, continuous use at maximum rated
Oxidation inhibitors delay dry area never exceeding 100°F.
the process. working pressure, maximum
If stored below freezing, pre- recommended operating
6. Foaming resistance – although warming may be required prior temperature and minimum bend
control of foaming depends to handling, testing and placing radius) will also reduce service life.
largely on reservoir design, anti- into service. Store hose in original Failure to follow proper selection,
foaming additives in the fluid container. installation and maintenance
help, too. Never stack hose too high, as procedures may result in injury
its weight can crush hose at to personnel and/or damage to
Compatibility
the bottom of the stack. Direct equipment.
Refer to Materials in STAMPED sunlight, rain, heaters or close Hose assemblies in service should
in this chapter (page 26). proximity to electrical equipment be regularly inspected for damage.
may reduce hose life. Assemblies showing signs of wear
Handling and Disposal
of Fluids Gates recommends hose in or damage should be replaced
extended storage be visually immediately.
Please contact local agencies inspected and tested prior to use.
for proper storage and disposal Maximum service life can be
Hose judged marginal should be attained by complying with the
regulations. replaced to avoid potential failure, recommendations outlined in this
property damage or bodily injury. manual.
Store hose on a first-in, first-out
basis. Unusually long or poor
35
P rop e r C oupling S e l e ction
There are two types of hydraulic There are also two types of Coupling Identification
couplings – permanent and ferrules – skive and no-skive. Skive
field attachable. ferrules have blunt serrations A hydraulic coupling stem consists
(teeth), while serrations on of two functional ends:
Field Attachable Permanent no-skive are sharp to bite through 1. The hose end for hose
the hose cover. attachment.
2. The thread end for port
attachment.
skive
type
no-skive
type The hose end is identified by the
hose size and type to which it is
attached. Serration patterns are
specified by the hose manufacturer
None of these components – hose, to meet hose performance.
stem or ferrule – are reusable The thread end of a coupling
once they’ve been part of another (or adapter) can be identified by
assembly. comparing it with the coupling
being replaced or by measuring
Field Attachable the port or thread end to which
Permanent Couplings Couplings it will be attached. The thread
Permanent couplings require end may also come in different
There are different types of field configurations.
crimping or swaging equipment attachable fittings: skive, no-skive,
to assemble to a hose. They are mandrel type, lock-on, C5 and
available in either preassembled those that are stamped for DOT
or two-piece configurations. (Dept. of Transportation) use.
Preassembled couplings are Straight 45º
made with the ferrule permanently
attached to the stem. Two-piece Think Safety!
couplings consist of a stem and
separate ferrule. When using two- CAUTION: DO NOT use
piece couplings, it is important couplings with any Gates
to match the ferrule with its hydraulic hose unless 90º Block
appropriate stem and hose. recommended by Gates in
writing. Never mix couplings
Hose ends and thread ends are
and hoses from different
measured by industry standard
manufacturers. Never recrimp
dash sizes. The hose end dash
or recouple used hose with
size refers to the inside diameter
permanent or field attachable
in 1/16” (except for SAE100R5,
couplings. Never reuse field
PolarSeal® and SAE100R14, which
attachable couplings which
are based on tube O.D. and are
previously have been placed in
one size smaller than the dash size
service.
implies) ie. – 8C5C hose is actually
MegaCrimp® GlobalSpiral® 13/32” I.D.
(pre-assembled) (two-piece)
36
Identification Tools
Tools to assist you in identifying
6
thread ends include coupling
templates, thread identification kits
measuring tools and calipers.
Measuring Tools
To be sure you order the correct
couplings, these measuring tools
should be used. They are stocked
by Gates and are available on order.
Product Number: 7369-0318
Contents: Calipers
Seat Gauges (English)
Seat Gauges (Metric)
Thread Gauges
Hydraulic Coupling Templates Thread I.D. Manual
Advertising Number: 39549
These templates provide a fast and
easy way to measure North American
thread and flange ends, seat angles
(37° and 45°) and hose I.D.
Digital Caliper
International Metric and BSP Female
Thread Identification Kit Product Number: 7369-0322
37
Measuring Threads and Seat Angles
Measuring Threads
With the caliper, measure the
thread diameter at the largest
point (O.D. of male threads — I.D.
of female threads).
NOTE: Thread binding will occur when different thread configurations are used.
DO NOT mix thread configurations.
38
North American
Standards
There are ten common North
The NPTF coupling is similar to,
but not interchangeable with, the
BSPT coupling. The thread pitch
6
SAE straight thread O-ring boss.
The O-ring boss male will only
mate with an O-ring boss female,
is different in most sizes. Also, the and the female is generally found
American hydraulic thread types — thread angle is 60° instead of the on ports.
national pipe thread, SAE 45° flare, 55° angle of the British coupling.
JIC 37° flare, SAE straight thread The male has straight threads and
O-ring boss, O-ring face seal, JIC 37° flare. The Joint Industrial an O-ring. The female has straight
flareless tube, SAE inverted flare, Conference (JIC) is now defunct, threads and a sealing face. The
SAE Code 61 and Code 62 flanges and this standard is included as a seal is made at the O-ring on the
and staple-type. part of SAE J516. The JIC 37° flare male and the sealing face on the
male coupling will mate with a female.
While all these couplings are JIC female only. The JIC male and
widely used in the U.S. and Canada, female have straight threads and a
they are also found on a worldwide 37° flare seat. The seal is made on
basis in a variety of applications. the 37° flare seat.
National pipe thread. These Some sizes have the same threads
threads are available in several as the SAE 45° flare. Carefully
varieties: National Pipe Tapered measure the seat angle to
for Fuels (NPTF), National differentiate between the two.
Pipe Straight for Fuels (NPSF)
and National Pipe Straight for
Mechanical Joints (NPSM). The O-ring face seal. The solid male
NPTF male coupling will mate with O-ring face seal fitting will mate
the NPTF, NPSF or NPSM female with a swivel female O-ring face
coupling. seal only. An O-ring rests in the
The NPTF male has tapered O-ring groove in the male coupling.
threads and a 30° inverted seat. The seal is made when the O-ring
The NPTF female has tapered in the male contacts the flat face
threads and no seat. The seal on the female coupling.
takes place by deformation of the SAE 45° flare. The SAE 45° flare
threads. The NPSM female has will only mate with a SAE 45° flare
straight threads and a 30° inverted female. Both male and female
seat. The seal takes place on the couplings have straight threads
30° seat. and a 45° flare seat. The seal is
made on the 45° flare seat.
Once again, because some sizes
of this coupling have the same
threads as the JIC 37° flare,
carefully measure the seat angle to
Flareless tube. The flareless solid
identify the correct coupling.
male only mates with a female
flareless nut and compression
sleeve. The male has straight
39
threads and a 24° seat. The sizes, and the thread angle is 55°
female has straight threads and a instead of the 60° angle found on
compression sleeve for a sealing most NPSM threads.
surface. The seal is made between
the compression sleeve and the 24°
seat on the male, and between the
compression sleeve and the tubing
on the female.
SAE inverted flare. The SAE 45°
inverted flare male will only mate
with an SAE 42° inverted flare
female. The male has straight Staple-type. The seal on these
threads and a 45° inverted flare. connectors is made when the
The female has straight threads O-ring on the male contacts the
and a 42° inverted flare. The seal inside surface of the female. The
is made on the 45° flare seat on two connectors are held together
the male and the 42° flare seat with a staple. Staple-type couplings
on the female. are commonly found on mining
equipment worldwide.
40
Japanese Standards
There are four major Japanese
Industrial Standard (JIS) couplings
Komatsu-style 30° flare parallel
thread. The Komatsu-style 30°
flare parallel thread coupling is
German Standards
There are four main German
6
Deutsche Industrial Norme (DIN)
identical to the Japanese 30° flare
— JIS 30° flare parallel thread, parallel thread coupling except for couplings — DIN 24°, DIN 60°, DIN
JIS tapered pipe thread, Komatsu- the threads. The Komatsu-style 3852 Types A and B and DIN 3852
style 30° flare and Komatsu-style uses metric fine threads. The Type C. The DIN couplings are used
flange. The couplings are used Komatsu-style coupling seals on primarily in Germany and less
primarily in Japan and the United the 30° flare. frequently in Western and Eastern
Kingdom. Europe. Availability is very good in
Komatsu Style 30• Flare Europe but limited elsewhere.
Japanese 30° flare parallel
thread. The Japanese 30° flare 30o
DIN 24°. The DIN 24° couplings
male coupling will mate only with Thread
30o are the most common German
Thread
a Japanese 30° flare female. The I.D. O.D. couplings. The DIN 24° cone male
male and female have straight will mate with the female 24°
threads and a 30° seat. The seal is Female (FKX)
Swivel Female
(FKX) MaleSolid
(MK) Male
(MK)
cone with O-ring, female metric
made on the 30° seat. tube and female universal 24°
Komatsu-style flange fitting. or 60° cone. The male has a 24°
The Komatsu-style coupling seat, straight metric threads and
is nearly identical to and fully a recessed counterbore which
interchangeable with the North matches the tube O.D. of the
American SAE Code 61 flange coupling used with it.
fitting. In all sizes, the O-ring There is a light and heavy series
dimensions are different. When DIN coupling. Proper identification
replacing a Komatsu-style flange is made by measuring both the
with an SAE flange, an SAE O-ring thread size and the tube O.D. (The
always must be used. heavy series has a smaller I.D. and
The threads on the Japanese 30° thicker wall than the light series of
flare coupling are the same as the same O.D.). When measuring
the BSPP threads, and both the the flare angle with a seat angle
Japanese and British couplings gauge, use a 12° gauge. The seat
have a 30° seat. However, these angle gauge measures the angle
couplings are not interchangeable from the coupling centerline.
because the British seat is
inverted.
Japanese tapered pipe thread.
The Japanese tapered pipe thread
All popular equipment manufac
coupling is identical to and fully
tured by Komatsu uses Komatsu
interchangeable with the British
couplings. Most other Japanese
BSPT (tapered) coupling.
equipment uses JIS 30° couplings,
The seal on the Japanese pipe although some use BSPP
thread coupling is made on the 30° couplings. Other popular
threads. couplings, such as North American
SAE (JIC) 37°, are also found on
Japanese equipment.
41
DIN 60°. The DIN 60° coupling GAZ 24° flare. The French metric
is not commonly used. The DIN (GAZ) 24° flare coupling will mate
60° cone male will mate with the with a female with either a 24° cone
female universal 24° or 60° cone or the female tube coupling. The
couplings only. The male has a 60° male has a 24° seat and straight
seat and straight metric threads. metric fine threads. The female
has a 24° seat or a tube sleeve and
When measuring the flare angle
straight metric fine threads.
with the seat angle gauge, use the
30° gauge. When measuring the flare angle
with the seat angle gauge, use the
12° gauge.
French Standards
There are two major types of
French (GAZ) couplings — 24°
flare and 24° flange. These coup
lings are used primarily on French
equipment and are not broadly
used in other parts of the world.
42
Gates Coupling
Nomenclature
Once you’ve identified the thread
Coupling Nomenclature
Gates utilizes various hose ends as
follows:
Other Hose Ends
6
end, it is important to put it into
correct nomenclature.
Couplings for Wire
With a two-piece system, Braid Hose
both stem and ferrule must PCTS – Power Crimp® T/P Swage
be identified. for Thermoplastic Hose
6 G S1F - 4
Stem Ferrule
Type MegaCrimp®
G Series (Global) C14 – for Teflon® Hose
Hose 1=No-Skive
Dash (2=Skive)
Size
4 Spiral
Ferrule Nomenclature
PC – Power Crimp®
Ferrule type designations (PC,
C4 – for Low Pressure Return
PCS, PCM, C4, etc.) correspond
and Suction Hose
to the stem hose end type
designations (16PCS-16MP, etc.). Couplings for Spiral Hose
Some hose can use more than one
ferrule. For example, C12M hose
can be coupled with either PCS1F
or PCS2F ferrules and PCS stems. ACA – Air Conditioning
PCS1F ferrules require no skiving. for Refrigerant Hose
You simply crimp the coupling to
the hose. GS – GlobalSpiral®
43
Thread-End See the thread end identification Here are some examples of
Nomenclature nomenclature listed below. coupling nomenclature for stems:
4 G - 6FJX
1/4” Global 3/8” F= Female
Hose MegaCrimp® Nom. J= JIC
Size Coupling
Series
Thread
Size
X= Swivel
4C5-4RMIX
3/16” C5 1/4” M= Male
Hose Hose Nom. I= Inverted
I.D. Thread X= Swivel
Size
Field
Attachable
G25 10 0 - 08 08
MegaCrimp® Thread Stem Thread Size
Series Configuration Size
Stem Style
12 GS-16 FL 90
3/4” GlobalSpiral
®
FL= 90 = 90°
Hose Coupling 1” Nom. Flange Bend
Size Series Thread
Size
44
Additional Selection
Criteria
Corrosion Resistance
Most hydraulic fittings are
manufactured from carbon steel
Think Safety!
6
End Configuration Selection and have zinc dichromate plating NOTE: Some male swivel
It is important to keep in mind that for corrosion resistance. Tested type couplings have internal
the hose assembly, couplings and under SAE J516 and ASTMB117 O-rings. Fluid compatibility
hose, is only one component of the salt-spray conditions, our with the O-rings must also be
system. In choosing the correct revolutionary TuffCoat® plating considered.
end terminations for the couplings provided 400 hours of protection
attached to the hose, formal design against corrosion. That’s a 400-
plus percent improvement over the Pressure
standards and sound engineering
judgement should be used. 96-hour SAE standard. Working pressure should be a
Vibration consideration when selecting a
In the absence of formal design
fitting. Some fittings don’t seal well
standards, an engineer should
Coupling selection may be at high pressures and can develop
consider the following factors
influenced if the end connection a leak. O-ring-type fittings as well
in choosing the proper end
has quite a bit of motion and/or as solid port connectors work well
termination:
vibration, which can potentially at high pressures. Avoid the use
• Pressure weaken or loosen a connection. of swivel staked nut couplings at
Use of split flange couplings, or extremely high pressures.
• Impulse frequency, amplitude
other couplings that use an O-ring
and wave form Use of Adapters
for sealing, perform better under
• Vibration vibration. Avoid use of couplings You may want to select a coupling
that seal on the threads. based on the need of adapters.
• Corrosion
Temperature Some couplings connect directly
• Dissimilar metals (galvanic to a port, while others connect to
corrosion) Metal surfaces can expand adapters. Connecting directly to
and contract under extreme the port eliminates the need for an
• Maintenance procedures and
temperature fluctuations. Choose additional connection but can make
frequency
couplings that use O-rings for installation more difficult. Adapters
• Installation reliability sealing. The O-ring will seal as the can make installation easier,
metal moves. It may be necessary eliminate the need for coupling
• The connection’s risk in the
to use O-ring materials that are orientation but introduce an
system
suitable for high temperatures. additional connection or possible
• Exposure to the elements Also, use a fitting material that is leak point.
• The operator’s and bystander’s best suited for the application’s
exposure to the connection temperature (i.e., if the application
is high temperature, avoid using
• Installation, operation and brass or aluminum).
service activities and practices
that affect safety Fluid Compatibility
45
P rop e r H os e Ass e m bly
Once the proper hose and Cut-off value “C” is the length For straight female couplings,
couplings have been selected, of that part of the coupling not the cut-off is measured from the
the assembly can now be directly in contact with or applied locking collar to either the end
made. There are three types of to the hose. Subtract the sum of the nut or seat depending on
of the two “C” values from the whether the nut can be pulled back
assemblies:
total length of the assembly to exposing the seating surface as
n Permanent crimped determine the approximate hose shown.
n Permanent swage length to be cut. Coupling
All cut-off values are identified in Length
n Field attachable
the coupling tables found in the c
Components, equipment and Gates hydraulic catalog 35093.
procedures vary for all types.
However, measuring, cutting For male thread couplings, the cut-
procedures and fitting orientation off is measured from the locking
are the same. collar to the end of the threads as
shown.
1. Measuring Hose Coupling
Female Flat-Face Swivel
46
Bent tube couplings are measured
to the center line of the seating
surface as shown.
The abrasive wheel efficiently cuts
all hose types, including spiral-
reinforced hose. The drawback
When cutting any hose, keep the
cut as straight as possible and
7
square with the side of the hose.
with this blade is the amount of The maximum allowable angle of
Coupling debris it creates from cutting. As the cut is 5° (as shown below).
Length the blade wears out, its diameter
c becomes smaller and eventually
requires replacement. 5° maximum
angle
Once you’ve installed the
T appropriate blade, place the
hose in the bending fixture. This
draws the hose away as you cut,
minimizing binding (squeezing) and
2. Cutting Hose making cutting easier. Hand-held
cutters can be used on some textile
reinforced hose.
Think Safety!
Cutting Teflon® hose requires
3. Fitting Orientation
CAUTION: When cutting special consideration. It can be cut Fitting orientation is necessary
hose, always wear safety cleanly with a cutting shear. An when neither fitting is straight
glasses and avoid loose fitting abrasive wheel can also be used, (both are at an angle). Fittings must
clothing. Hearing protection is but the hose’s cutting location be oriented to each other to ensure
also strongly recommended. must be wrapped with heavy-duty proper installation with minimal
masking tape (at least twice). Once stress on the hose from twisting.
the cut is made, the Teflon tube
Orientation procedure:
After determining the hose cut must be deburred using a sharp
length by deducting for fittings, knife. Remove the tape prior to n Position far coupling vertically
cut the hose with a cut-off saw. assembly. downward.
There are two blade types that
NOTE: Cutting of any hose will n Orientation angle is measured
can be used: notched (serrated)
generate some debris that if not clockwise (as shown).
or abrasive.
properly removed can damage
(Orientation angle tolerance should
The notched blade gives a the hydraulic system. See page
be ± 2°).
clean, efficient cut on non- 51 for more information on hose
spiral-reinforced hose (one- and cleanliness.
two-wire braid hose and textile
hose). Though notched blades
will cut spiral hose, they are not
recommended as they dull quickly
and/or become damaged.
Fig. 1
47
Hose Preparation Buffing 2.Clamp stem in vise on hex
portion and push hose onto stem.
Skiving Some non-wire-reinforced hose
Hose should be flush against the
require buffing, which is similar
stem shoulder.
to skiving but doesn’t require
Think Safety! removing the hose cover to the 3. Cutaway of assembly below
reinforcement. shows the hose has bottomed
CAUTION: When skiving against stem shoulder. To check
or buffing hose, always wear When a hose is buffed, its cover
for full insertion, pull the ferrule
safety glasses and avoid loose is removed, but only to a specific
down. The stem shoulder should
fitting clothing. If power skiving diameter as defined by crimp data.
be level with the top of the
or buffing, hearing protection is A grinding wheel is necessary to
ferrule.
also recommended. buff a hose (not a wire wheel, which
could damage the reinforcement).
48
Crimp Procedures
7
5. Insert the assembly and locate
with the die fingers.
6. Install die cone if used.
WARNING: An incorrect hose
assembly can rupture or 7. Always wear safety glasses and
blow apart in use, resulting keep hands and clothing away
in serious injury, death or from moving parts.
property damage.
8. Activate crimp mechanism.
2. With your thumb (or mark) in FOR SAFETY’S SAKE, USE A 9. Remove assembly from dies and
place, push the coupling until CRIMPER ONLY IF YOU: measure crimp diameter.
the shell touches the tip of 1.Receive hands-on TRAINING
your thumb or the mark. Twist with Gates crimpers and
it slightly to ensure it is fully assemblies.
Think Safety!
inserted. 2. Follow current GATES
OPERATING MANUAL and IMPORTANT SAFETY NOTE:
CRIMP DATA for the Gates All settings are approximate!
Correct Insertion crimper.
Machining tolerances exist for
Depth Made Easy! 3. Use only NEW (UNUSED) each crimper, die set and sup
GATES hose and fittings. porting piece of equipment
Confirm the proper insertion 4. Wear SAFETY GLASSES. which will affect your actual
depth for all Gates wire-braid
REMEMBER: Others depend on setting. Always check the crimp
hydraulic hose with the Gates
you to make correct assemblies. diameter to ensure that it is
MegaCrimp® coupling insertion
within the published limits.
tool. Made of lightweight solid
Record your actual crimper
aluminum, and designed to Listed below are basic crimp setting to achieve the specified
mount either on top or on the procedures. crimp diameter for future use.
side of a work bench, it has a
Failure to heed this message
slot for holding a marking pen or NOTE: For specific instruc
could result in improperly
grease pencil. tions for your crimper, please
made assemblies, blowing the
refer to the appropriate
To use, just locate the slot with hose out of the fittings at high
operator’s manual.
the correct dash size (marked pressure, and risk of fire and/or
on both top and side), insert serious injury.
the hose and push it all the way 1. Refer to crimp data chart for
in. Check to ensure the cut is
a. Skive data (if necessary) Think Safety!
square (the maximum allowable
angle of cut is 5°). Then mark b. Die selection Never reuse a stem which has
the insertion depth on the hose. c. Finished crimp diameter been previously crimped and
Now you can easily see if the salvaged by cutting away the
d. Approximate crimp setting
coupling is properly seated on ferrule. Never reuse or recrimp
the hose before you crimp. 2.Load the selected dies into the hose which has been in service.
crimper. When using a die set for
To order the tool, ask for the first time, apply a thin coat of
product no. 7482-1342. lubricant to the contact surface
and cone (not the bore of the die).
This layer of lubricant must be
thinly re-applied when contact
surfaces become shiny. Locate
dies in crimp position.
3. Adjust
the machine to the
proper crimp setting.
4. Adjust
the depth stop (if
necessary).
49
To properly measure a crimp If the actual crimp diameter isn’t 1.Insert the correct die and pusher
diameter within the recommended crimp into the swaging machine. Refer
tolerance, you may need to check to Swage Data Chart for die/
1.Measure halfway between the calibration of the machine and pusher information.
ridges. See “Sketch I.” When recalibrate, if necessary. If the
using dial calipers, be sure the machine is properly calibrated,
caliper fingers do not touch the WARNING: An incorrect hose
you’ll need to make a slight assembly can rupture or
ridges. adjustment to the setting. blow apart in use, resulting
2.Measure halfway down the On the Power Crimp® 707 crimper, in serious injury, death or
crimped portion of the ferrule. to obtain a smaller crimp diameter, property damage.
See “Sketch II”. change the meter number to a FOR SAFETY’S SAKE, USE
3. When measuring small crimp smaller figure. To get a larger SWAGERS ONLY IF YOU:
diameters (3/16” and 1/4”), a crimp diameter, change the 1.Receive hands-on TRAINING
set of jaw-type micrometers is meter number to a larger figure. with Gates swagers and
recommended. Changing the readout meter assemblies.
number by .05 will change the 2. Follow current GATES
4.Do not measure the top of the crimp diameter .001”. Note this
code identification marks. OPERATING MANUAL &
reading on your crimp data chart SWAGE DATA for the Gates
for future reference. swager.
Gates crimp operating manuals are 3. Use only NEW (UNUSED)
listed below: GATES hose and fittings.
RIDGES
CRIMP 4. Wear SAFETY GLASSES.
Crimper Manual
DIAMETER REMEMBER: Others depend on
701/707/709 35019-AG you to make correct assemblies.
3000B 35019-ZH
CALIPER
®
OmniCrimp 21 35052-A 2.Lubricate inner bore surfaces of
® dies with a thin film of lightweight
MobileCrimp 4-20
Sketch I oil.
(Digital Dial) 35032-DD
(Positive Stop) 35032-PS 3.Feed hose assembly through the
dies and hold hose and coupling
GC32-XD™ 34012
into the pusher.
GC96™ 35016
4.Pull control lever while guiding
coupling into the die, until pusher
Permanent Swage
MEASURE bottoms against top of die
CRIMP DIAMETER Procedures (PCTS & C14)
HERE surface.
Mark hose for proper insertion
depth into coupling. See Gates 5.Push control lever to retract the
swage data chart for insertion pusher and open the die halves.
depth. Use a lightweight oil to Remove swaged hose assembly.
CODE
IDENTIFICATION lubricate the inside diameter of Gates swage operating manuals
MARK hose. Place the coupling hex into are listed below:
a vise and insert hose to insertion
depth. Manual
Equipment Form No.
The following are the basic
swage procedures. For specific HS-1 Hand Swager 35019-MB
Sketch II instructions for your crimper Thermoplastic
or swager, please refer to the Swage Data Charts 35068-A
appropriate operator’s manual.
C14 Teflon® 35493-B
50
Field Attachable
“Field attachable” means no
crimper is needed to attach the
Hose Cleanliness
As your customers become more
dependent on ISO standards, your
How does this “contamination”
get in there?
Origins of contamination may
7
couplings. Below are the basic overall strategy must reflect a be from system components
steps in the assembly of “field dedication to system cleanliness. themselves, the hydraulic working
attachable” couplings. fluid, the outside environment,
What is Hydraulic System or even generated by the system
Installation of Gates Field Cleanliness? itself. These contaminants, some
Attachable “Type T” Coupling “Cleanliness” is a term used to large and some microscopic, can
describe the level of solid and have a profound impact on the
liquid contamination found in performance and longevity of the
hydraulic systems. “Contamination” hydraulic system.
may be defined as any substance There are three principal means
that is not part of the hydraulic through which contamination can
system’s working fluid. occur in a typical hydraulic system.
It can be:
Why is cleanliness important
to your customers? 1. Generated during system
operation
Efficient production because clean
1. Be sure to thoroughly oil hose systems provide for maximum 2. Built into the system during
and nipple. productivity. assembly
51
and wall surfaces, slowing down systems and thermal breakdown of (.000039) of an inch. Twenty-
the motion of the valve or causing the working fluid five microns are equal to one
sluggish or adverse mechanical thousandth of an inch. The human
actuation. Methods of contamination eye can discern a particle no
measurement & contaminant smaller than forty microns.
When abrasive particles enter levels
the clearances between moving The International Standards
parts they score and hone the Despite efforts to totally remove Organization (ISO) has established
surfaces to greater tolerances. As all of the contaminant in a three principal methods to measure
these tolerances broaden, system hydraulic hose assembly, some the contamination level within a
performance is compromised by contamination remains even after component, circuit, or system.
pressure losses incurred due to the most meticulous cleaning or These three methods are widely
fluid leakage from high to lower flushing techniques are applied. used for cleanliness quantification.
pressures. It becomes necessary to quantify
varying levels of contamination to Gravimetric Measurement (ISO
Even worse is the occurrence when better understand the cleanliness 4405) – Reporting method that
particles that are greater than levels in hydraulic systems. references the total mass of
or equal to the orifice openings contaminant found in a hydraulic
become wedged between the component. This total mass
surfaces. This may cause wear to measurement is then normalized
occur, or it may cause the system by the total internal component
components to seize. surface area of a hydraulic
Pumps & drives: Just as in valves, component. A fluid is used to
microscopic contamination can dislodge contamination in a hose
mill away tolerances, creating leak assembly and is then poured
points. These leak points rob the through a membrane catch filter.
system of pressure and cause poor An analytical balance is used to
responsiveness. measure the total mass of
contaminate which has been
System cooling: If passages do Contamination particles are flushed out of a component
become blocked, working fluid usually sized using a metric unit and is referenced to the surface
may not flow through to remove of measure called a micrometer, area or volume of the assembly
contaminants generated from otherwise known as a micron. or component.
metal to metal contact. Lower flow A micron is a very small unit of
rates mean greater heat buildup in measure equivalent to 39 millionths
52
Particle Size Distribution
Analysis (ISO 4406 or NAS
1638) – Reporting method to
What can Gates do for you?
Gates has actively promoted
hydraulic assembly cleanliness
Scrub It Clean
7
Contaminated hydraulic assembly
gauge both the size and number for over a decade with the
of contaminant particles in a components shorten service life.
development of a system that
known quantity of fluid. A fluid The easiest method of cleaning a
ensures four gravimetric levels
sample is either taken directly hose is to blow air through it. But
of cleanliness for customers who
out of a hydraulic system or a that’s really only a half-measure.
deal directly with our assembly
known quantity of fluid is used To do the job thoroughly, Gates
facilities.
to dislodge contaminants out recommends using the Gates
of a hydraulic component. This The current Gates gravimetric MegaClean™ system. Pressurized
fluid is run through a particle system: launchers and compatible nozzles,
counting instrument to size and blow foam projectiles through the
Level One – no more than 1,000
count contaminant particles. inside surface of the hose, scrubbing
mg of contaminant per square
These particle ‘counts’ can away fine particles of loose dirt and
meter of internal assembly area
then be normalized by the total contaminants. The projectiles are
component volume to determine Level Two – no more than 300 mg 20-30 percent larger than the hose
a corresponding ISO 4406 ‘code’ of contaminant per square meter of ID, and leave nothing behind but a
level of particle contamination. internal assembly area clean hose.
Levels of five and 15 microns of Level Three – no more than 100
contamination are reported on a mg of contaminant per square
logarithmic scale corresponding to meter of internal assembly area
and ISO 4406 ‘code’ for the number
of particles greater than or equal to Level Four – no more than 44 mg
these respective sizes per milliliter of contaminant per square meter of
of fluid. internal assembly area
Gates can measure and develop
Maximum Particle Size
cleaning/flushing methods to
Analysis (ISO 4407) – This is an
furnish ISO 4406 particle counts as
evaluation that is done with
well as report largest particle size
a microscope. A microscope is
(ISO 4407).
used to size individual pieces
of contaminant. Particle size With our new particle counting
is important in reference to laboratories in Chambersburg,
maximum clearances of Pennsylvania, and St. Neots, in
hydraulic components. the UK, Gates now offers certain
ISO 4406 levels for supplied
Whether hydraulic assembly
assemblies to customers.
cleanliness applies to you or
not, it is worthwhile to under- Gates current system of four
stand the significant impact that cleanliness levels is designed
contamination levels can have to meet a variety of system
on the life of hydraulic system demands, both high-pressures
components. Implementing and low. Gates continues to
a thorough cleanliness develop new methods of cleaning
system may have a significant hydraulic hose assemblies to
impact on warranty returns ISO 4406 levels. Contact a Gates
representative in your area or call
for hydraulically powered
Hydraulic/Industrial Hose Product
equipment. Application at (303) 744-5070 for
Gates currently offers a system of more information.
four gravimetric (ISO 4405) levels
of hydraulic assembly cleanliness
to meet or exceed your customer’s
assembly cleanliness standards.
53
Hydraulic Crimping Equipment
Gates offers five crimpers you can use to make factory-quality assemblies in the field
MobileCrimp® 4-20
The MobileCrimp 4-20 is an easy-to-use, versatile crimper. The crimper and
stand weigh only 57 pounds, making this Gates first portable crimper.
To maximize customer satisfaction, the MC 4-20 offers two different options
to control the crimp:
Positive Stop: This option uses a series of rings to control the crimp
diameter, as the ram will extend to a “stop” on each crimp.
Digital Dial: This option is as easy as dialing in a crimp setting and pushing
a button. When the crimp is complete, a light comes on and a buzzer sounds
signaling the operator to release the button.
Two options help the MC 4-20 crimp hydraulic hoses from low-pressure
return lines to high-pressure, four-spiral/C12 MegaSpiral® hoses from
3/16” to 1-1/4” I.D. Six interchangeable pump options, from a hand pump
to a speedy 1-1/2 HP, complete the package to meet every crimping and
application need.
54
Gates Global Crimpers
7
GC-32XD™ Crimper
The world’s first global crimper capable of fabricating assemblies anywhere in
the world. It automatically coverts any electrical input voltage greater than 208
volts to 258 volts (single phase).
• The open crimper head accommodates any hose construction or any
coupling configuration. Fabricates assemblies using all standard hydraulic
products, even 2-1/2” Global MegaVac® return lines.
• Color-coded die sets are easy to find in the crimp chart and in the rack.
• The quick change tool speeds the loading and unloading of dies.
• Capability: Crimps every hose and coupling in the Gates catalog.
• Motor: 5 hp
• Pump: Two-stage
• Crimping force: 470 tons
55
I nst a lling H os e Ass e m bli e s
Before installing hydraulic hose Once hand-tight, use a wrench 2.Place fitting over port.
assemblies, review the safety on the hex to properly torque
precautions in Chapter 2 of this the fitting. Since hose rotation is
manual as well as your equipment’s necessary, never use two solid
operations manual. Installation males on the same hose assembly.
varies based on coupling
configurations, use of adapters and
routing.
Coupling Configurations
Male fitting to port connections
can be made using four types of 3.Install clamp halves over flange
configurations: head and thread in bolts by hand.
n Solid male (MP, MB, MBSPT, etc.). 4.Use torque wrench to tighten
Male swivel installation does not
n Male swivels (MPX, MBX, MIX). using crossing pattern.
require hose rotation. Simply thread
n Flanges (FL, FLH, FLC, FLK). the male into the port and use a 5. Torque to manufacturer’s
wrench to torque properly. Since specifications.
n Block-style adapters with the hose does not rotate, you can
lock nuts. Some block-style male port
orientate the hose curvature to
adapters use lock nuts to orient the
assist in routing. Be aware that male
fitting. Rotate the block and thread
swivels (except MIX) have internal
fitting into port. When nearly tight,
O-rings that must be compatible with
hold block in position and tighten
the fluid used.
lock nut against port.
56
1. To avoid fitting orientation, use
a straight fitting and an angle
adapter on one end. This makes
The diagrams on the following
8
pages show proper hose routing,
which provides maximum
installation easier and eliminates performance and cost savings.
the need for orientation. Consider these examples in
However, this requires more determining length of a specific
parts and increases the number assembly.
of joints for potential leakage.
2. When jump-size fittings are not Bend Radius
available, make the jump with an The minimum bend radius of a
adapter. hose is 1/2 the smallest diameter
Bent tube and block-style fittings the hose can be bent without
must be held in position by hand 3. To ease port connection and
hose installation. internal damage or kinking. Most
while tightening. hydraulic hose manufacturers list
4. To change to a different thread the minimum bend radius for their
Compression-style fittings configuration, including
(MSP, MFA, STA, ABC) use a bite hose, which is based on the hose
international threads. construction, pressure rating, size
sleeve and nut for connecting to
tubing. Installation steps are as 5. As a rule of thumb, it is better to and wall thickness. Bend radius
use a straight adapter and bent is measured to the inside of the
follows:
tube coupling than an angled curvature as shown below.
1. Make sure the tube is cut cleanly adapter and straight hose end.
with no burrs or paint buildup. This promotes laminar flow and
2. Place nut, then bite sleeve reduces pressure drop.
over tube. Bite sleeve must be hen using adapters, the
W
oriented with taper facing away preferred method is to install
from tube. the adapter first, the hose
3. Locate tubing into male fitting assembly next.
and secure nut over threads. The
bite sleeve will compress against Hose Assembly
the tube and seal with the male Routing Tips
internal taper.
Proper hose installation is Correct
essential for satisfactory
performance. If hose length
is excessive, the installation’s
appearance will be unsatisfactory,
and unnecessary equipment costs
will be incurred. If hose assemblies
are too short to permit adequate
flexing and allow for length
changes due to expansion
or contraction, service life will
be reduced.
Use of Adapters Hose can elongate up to 2 Incorrect
percent or contract up to 4
Adapters can be used to make
percent depending on hose
installation and orientation easier.
construction. Routing must
Be aware, however, that adapters
take this into account.
can also be a potential leak point.
They can be used in the following
situations:
57
Hose Assembly Routing Tips
To allow for length changes when the hose is pressurized, Prevent twisting and distortion by bending hose in
do not clamp at bends so that curves will absorb changes. same plane as the motion of the port to which hose
Do not clamp high and low pressure lines together. is connected.
Movement/Flexing Twist
Adequate hose length is necessary to distribute When installing hose, make sure it is not twisted.
movement on flexing applications and to avoid abrasion. Pressure applied to a twisted hose can result in hose
failure or loosening of connections.
When radius is below the required minimum, use an Avoid twisting of hose lines bent in two planes by
angle adapter to avoid sharp bends. clamping hose at change of plane.
58
Hose Assembly Routing Tips
8
Strain Abrasion
Reduce number of pipe thread joints by using Route hose directly by using 45° and/or 90°
hydraulic adapters instead of pipe fittings. adapters and fittings. Avoid excessive hose length
to improve appearance.
59
Seven Easy Steps 4. Thread one end of hose 7. Run the hydraulic system to
to Install a Hose Assembly assembly onto port (or adapter). circulate oil under low pressure
If the hose assembly uses an and safely reinspect for leaks
1. Clean the surrounding area angled fitting, always install and potentially damaging
where connections are to be it first to ensure proper contact. Circulating also purges
made. Make sure no dirt or positioning. air from the system that can
contamination gets into hydraulic cause sluggish performance and
openings. possible damage to pumps and
other components.
60
Installation Torque*
Installation torque is very
important to ensure a proper
If a threaded connection leaks,
maintenance personnel may be
inclined to tighten the connection
Think Safety!
CAUTION: Overtorquing
8
until the leak stops. This approach
leak-free seal. Overtorquing of a may solve the leak problem, but may damage nuts, adapters
threaded connection can stretch it also may cause more damage. or sealing seats, which may
and damage threads and mating Torque should first be checked result in leaks, breakage, and
seat angles. It can also damage the before continued tightening to potential for injury or damage
staking area of a nut or possibly ensure it is within accepted limits. to property.
break a bolt on the port area.
Undertorquing does not allow The most reliable method of
torquing threaded connections is to measure the torque. Torque
proper sealing.
first hand-tighten the connection, values vary by thread configuration
*Gates recommends dry torque values.
then use a torque wrench to as follows:
Torque values in these charts are for dry
(non-lubricated) threads.
61
Bundling 1. To protect hoses from abrasion.
Think Safety!
2. For use in bundling hoses.
LifeGuard™ Sleeving CAUTION: Do not use
nylon sleeves when internal
Protect against pinhole leaks or temperatures exceed 250°F,
hose bursts up to 6,000 psi with or if the ambient temperatures
Gates LifeGuard sleeving. This exceed 212°F, to avoid sleeving
sleeving system is an effective, damage and personal injury.
economical alternative to costly Use Gates HeatGuard™
metal shielding. Just slip on the sleeving.
hose and clamp at each end to
contain any escaping fluids
When installing hose assemblies, under pressure. Gates now
bundling techniques can improve offers an
space utilization, appearance and abrasion-
hose life. Here are some tips: resistant hose
cover with far greater abrasion
1. Group and bundle similarly resistance than any standard
constructed and sized hose rubber hose in the industry.
together using clamps, nylon Gates XtraTuff® and MegaTuff®
straps or nylon sleeving. hose was developed to solve
your abrasion problems.
2. Never bundle high-pressure
hose with low-pressure hose.
Under pressure, they can work Spring Guards
against each other.
3. Never bundle rubber hose with
thermoplastic or Teflon® hose.
Under pressure, they can also
work against each other.
4. Always consider mechanical
movement when bundling. Allow
sufficient slack without pulling
on a fitting or another hose.
Bundles (like individual hose)
should bend in one plane only.
There are many types of spring
guards – flat armor, plated wire,
Sleeving plastic, etc. They can be used to
A number of sleeving types are bundle hose or provide stability
used today. The most common is and/or protection against abrasion.
nylon, which is typically used for Also, tightly wound plated wire
one or more of the following:
Think Safety! guards can be used as bend
restrictors to ease stress on the
CAUTION: It is important hose.
to remember that most
sleeving provides little or no
operator protection. Use sound
Bend Restrictors
engineering judgement in the Bend restrictors typically are PVC
design of equipment in order sleeves which are installed near
to control the hazard of direct the coupling during hose assembly.
exposure of operators to fluids They reduce bending stress in the
under pressure. hose to prevent damage.
62
C ri m p e r P r e v e ntiv e M a int e n a nc e
As with other types of equipment, Fluid flows from the pumps to the 3. Connect hydraulic hose
9
it is very important to properly cylinder under pressure. This assembly to the crimper and
maintain crimpers. extends the piston, rod and pusher pump. Refer to pump manual for
down on the die cone. The die cone proper port connection. Also,
A typical crimper is a hydraulic
is sloped to receive tapered die install the breather cap in the
ram that uses fluid under pressure
fingers. As the die cone is pushed reservoir (tank) if needed. Fill
to extend the ram and crimp the
by the hydraulic ram, the die pump reservoir with oil.
fittings.
fingers are forced (perpendicular)
4. Make the proper electrical
inward. The set of die fingers
connections.
Pump completely surrounds the ferrule
Cylinder to provide an even crimp.
Though there are many types and
Think Safety!
Motor
configurations of crimpers, i.e.,
vertical (bottom or top loading),
WARNING: Check to verify
that the voltage and phase
Piston horizontal or angled, the basic
rating of both the crimper and
principle of operation is the
power unit are compatible with
same. Pumps do not have to be
Reservoir the power source.
electronically driven. They can
(Tank) be manual or air driven.
Rod
Care should be taken to properly 5. Bleed air from the system.
set up and maintain these Follow procedures in the
Pusher crimpers. crimper operations manual.
Tapered 6. Lubricate all metal-to-metal
Die Cone
Crimper Setup sliding surfaces with a thin layer
Here are the steps to properly set of the recommended lubricant.
Dies up a crimper: This includes dies, cones and die
Back-up
shoes.
Ring
1. Remove crimper and pump from
shipping container. 7. Check calibration of the machine
by following the procedure in the
2. Position crimper on stable operations manual. Recalibrate
surface. as required.
Think Safety!
Think Safety!
Read and follow operating
manual. This information
for general preventive
NOTE: It’s a good idea to place
a rubber mat on the floor
maintenance.
near the crimper to reduce
the chance of damaging a
die if dropped and to improve
operator comfort.
63
Crimper Maintenance Hose Assembly Cleaning
If cared for properly, a crimper Check the hose assembly which Hydraulic fluid and lubricants
should last a long time. The connects the pump to the cylinder. can pickup dirt and debris. Clean
following are routine but Use Chapter 3 as a guide to off any buildup using a clean
very important maintenance inspect the hose. Replace if shop rag. Buildup can damage
considerations. necessary with a properly rated crimper components and produce
hose assembly. inaccurate crimped assemblies.
Lubrication
Oil Change and Bleeding
Think Safety! Think Safety! Depending on the amount of
usage, fluid should be changed
IMPORTANT NOTE: NOTE: If hose assembly is not periodically. Fluid viscosity can
Lubricants should be reapplied periodically checked for damage break down under high usage and
to metal-to-metal sliding or replaced with properly rated temperatures. Also, component
surfaces whenever the surfaces assembly, personal injury may wear can contaminate the fluid.
becomes shiny. Use only a result. Drain and replace with the
very thin coat of Molycote lube. recommended fluid (see crimper
Failure to do so reduces the life and/or pump operator’s manual).
of the dies and cone. Excessive
wear on these components Fluid Level
produces poorly performing Proper fluid level in the reservoir
hose assemblies that could blow (tank) is important for maximum
apart and result in injury. crimp stroke as well as keeping air
from getting into the system. Make
sure the fluid is within 1/2” from
Calibration the top of the tank opening.
Check the crimper’s calibration
Die Wear and Storage
at least monthly or whenever you
notice a change in crimp diameter. Check the dies’ sliding and
This is critical for repeatedly crimping surfaces for wear or
producing accurate hose damage during use. Look for nicks,
assemblies. Be aware that some chips, cracks, gouges and/or other
machines calibrate automatically. signs of wear. Replace die if any
of these exist. Proper storage
and lube will extend their service.
Store in stable racks or in original
packaging.
64
Crimper Troubleshooting
If your crimper isn’t performing
correctly, you may have to do some
Cylinder Seal
A seal is used between the piston
and cylinder that provides the
Electrical
9
Electrical problems can be difficult
to troubleshoot. Make sure the
troubleshooting. proper seal under pressure. In power source is compatible
time and with usage, these seals with the crimper and pump.
First, determine the symptoms — can wear and eventually leak or Replacement components are
what is it doing or not doing? Are roll. Fluid leakage is a sign that available if necessary.
all connections made properly? Is seal replacement is necessary.
there any fluid leakage? Have any Also, if the piston (ram) jams in Pump
modifications been made? the cylinder, the seal may need Pump components can be
replacement. damaged from debris in fluid, low-
The most common crimper
temperature operation or air in the
problems fall into three categories:
system. Debris may cause a valve
cylinder seal, electrical or pump.
to stick; low temperatures thicken
the fluid and can cause component
damage; and air can damage pump
components.
Problem Solution
Ram won’t return (stuck). Slowly loosen the hose assembly from the pump. Be
prepared to catch the fluid as it escapes.
If no fluid escapes, the piston seal in the crimper must
be damaged. Replace the seal using the proper seal
replacement kit and instructions.
If fluid escapes through the hose assembly, the
check valve in the pump must be stuck. It may need
cleaning and/or replacement. Contact your local Gates
representative.
Digital display is blank. Check all electrical wiring to make sure connections
are made properly. The wrong voltage supplied to the
digital display will damage it and require replacement.
If all connections are made properly, the display may
have been damaged. Identify the source of the damage
and replace the digital display.
Digital display is incorrect. A faulty digital display is not likely to be the cause.
Check for proper electrical connections including
the back of the display itself. Also, check for proper
calibration. If everything seems to be correct, replace
the switchbox.
65
Problem Solution
Cylinder is leaking fluid. Disassemble the cylinder using the proper seal
replacement instructions and check the cylinder wall
for scoring or damage. If the cylinder is damaged, it will
require rework. If the cylinder is not damaged, replace
the worn seal using the seal replacement kit.
Broken die fingers or die cone. Check the crimp specifications to ensure the proper
die, hose, cone and setting are being used. Also, check
the calibration. A broken die finger is usually the result
of damage from a fall or improper use of the notched
die cone. A broken cone (usually the notched cone) may
also be the result of a fall or improper use. Replace all
broken or damaged parts.
Crimper won’t plug into power unit. Check the voltage rating on both the power unit and the
crimper for compatibility. A 115 volt connector differs
from a 230 volt connector. Return and replace the
incorrect component (pump or crimper) or contact your
local Gates representative.
66
S A F E T Y a n d MA I N T E N A N C E F O R
GATES CRIMPERS
9
MobileCrimp® 4-20 9. FOLLOW GATES CRIMP 6. Never operate below 40°F as
SPECIFICATIONS when operating cold temperatures can increase
this crimper. Do not substitute the viscosity of the oil which
coupling components or crimper could result in a loss of ram
dies. Use only those components force and even damage the
and tooling that Gates specifies. pump. In cold environments heat
the oil in the pump reservoir with
MAINTENANCE a warm air blower, heat tape,
1. A thin layer of Molycote grease or by any other safe means that
should be applied to the does not use high heat.
inside surface of the die cone. 7. If the ram does not retract upon
Periodically use a small brush completion of a crimp you can
to redistribute this thin layer determine if the problem lies in
of Molykote grease whenever the pump or crimper and how
the die cone shows shiny metal to correct the situation very
areas where the sliding dies quickly and easily by following
rubbed it clear. the procedures outlined in
2. A high grade of hydraulic oil the Operator’s Manual for this
SAFETY crimper.
such as Mobil DTE 25 should
1. Hands on TRAINING to properly be maintained to within 1/2” of 8. In the digital dial control model if
and safely use this crimper is the top of the electro-hydraulic the light and buzzer stop working
recommended. pump. it probably means the two AAA
2. Follow the procedure in GATES 3. Periodically inspect dies, batteries need replacement.
OPERATORS MANUAL for this spacers, and the pressure Refer to the Operator’s Manual
crimper. plate looking for any scratches, for instructions.
gouges, chips or cracks, or any
3. Use only NEW (unused) GATES
other sign of excessive wear or
HOSE AND FITTINGS.
damage. Replace if necessary.
4. Always wear SAFETY GLASSES!
4. Periodically inspect the hose
S. Keep hands clear of moving assembly connecting the pump
parts. to the crimper. If there is any
sign of leakage, cuts, hose
6. Make sure the CYLINDER IS
kinks, hose stiffness, or cover
LOCKED IN CRIMP POSITION
hardening or cracking, replace
before operating.
immediately.
7. Do not operate unless CRIMPER
5. Check the calibration of a
SAFETY COVER IS IN PLACE.
digital dial control crimper
8. Do not operate crimper in a (the relationship between the
horizontal position. crimper setting and the finished
crimp diameter) anytime a
crimp diameter falls outside
the specified tolerance. Follow
the Operator’s Manual for
adjustment procedures.
67
Power Crimp® 707 MAINTENANCE 7. If there is a loss of crimper ram
force, first check the level of oil
1. A thin layer of Molykote grease
in the pump reservoir. If that
should be applied to the inner
is within 1/2” of the top, then
tapered surface of the die cone.
check the crimper for oil leaks
Periodically after that, use a
around the piston and cylinder.
small brush to redistribute this
Worn seals can allow back-flow
grease whenever the die cone
and pressure loss. A gauge in
shows shiny areas where the
line can measure the pressure
sliding dies have rubbed it clean.
when the ram is bottomed. It
2. A high grade of hydraulic oil should be 4,900 psi. If there are
such as Mobil DTE 25 should no leaks and the pump reservoir
be maintained to within 1/2” of is full it may mean that the
the top of the electro-hydraulic pump seals have worn and need
pump reservoir. replacement.
3. Periodically inspect dies, 8. Failure of the ram to retract
spacers, and the die cone may mean that either a seal has
looking for any scratches, torn and jammed between the
gouges, chips or cracks, or any piston and cylinder wall or the
other sign of excessive wear or directional control valve in the
damage. Replace if necessary. pump has stuck. To determine
SAFETY which is the case, disconnect
4. Periodically inspect the hose
the hose at the pump end while
I. H
ands-on TRAINING to assembly connecting the pump
the ram is down, but not under
properly use this crimper is to the crimper. If there is any
crimp load. Have a can and rags
recommended. sign of leakage, cuts, hose
handy to catch the oil that may
2. Follow the procedures in Gates kinks, hose stiffness, or cover
spurt out of the hose. If oil does
OPERATOR’S MANUAL for this hardening or cracking, replace
come out ofthe disconnected
crimper. with a new hose assembly of the
hose end and the ram retracts,
same type.
3. Use only NEW (unused) GATES the problem is in the pump.
HOSE AND FITTINGS. 5. Any time a crimp diameter falls Remove the directional control
outside the allowable tolerance, valve (unscrew the double hex
4. Always wear SAFETY GLASSES! check the calibration of the on one side of the manifold plate
5. Keep hands clear of moving setting number to the finished between the pump motor and
parts. crimp diameter. Procedure to do reservoir). Clean this valve in
this and to make any necessary carburetor cleaner and replace
6. Make sure the die cone and die adjustments are presented in the in pump. If however, the ram
set together with the hose and OPERATOR’S MANUAL. does not move when the hose
fitting to be crimped are pushed end is detached at the pump,
back against the two locator pins 6. Never operate below 40°F as
then the problem is in the
at the back of the crimper base low temperatures can increase
crimper. Order a replacement
to center the die cone and dies the viscosity of the pump oil
seal kit and follow the directions
under the ram pusher. which could result in slower
that come in the seal kit.
operation, loss of ram force,
7. Do not operate this crimper in a and even damage the pump. If
horizontal position. the temperature drops below
8. Follow GATES CRIMP 40°F, heat the oil in the pump
SPECIFICATIONS when reservoir with a warm air blower,
operating this crimper. Do not heat tape, or by some other safe
substitute coupling components method.
or crimper dies. Use only those
components and tooling that
Gates specifies.
68
Power Crimp® 3000B MAINTENANCE
1. A thin film of Molykote grease
should be applied to the inner
9
5. Never operate below 40°F as low
temperatures can increase the
viscosity of the pump oil slowing
its operation or even resulting
tapered surface in the head
in pump damage. Use a safe
plate. Whenever shiny metal
method to heat the oil such as a
areas appear on this tapered
warm air blower or heat tape.
cone surface from the rubbing
of the dies, use a small brush to 6. If there is a loss of crimping
redistribute the grease. power, check the level of the
oil in the pump reservoir. If it
2. Periodically inspect the dies
is within 1/2” of the top, then
and die cone looking for any
next check for oil leaks around
scratches, chips or cracks, or
the base of the cylinder. This
any other sign of excessive wear
may indicate damage to the
or damage. Replace if necessary.
piston seals and necessitate
3. Periodically inspect the hose replacement. Follow the
assembly connecting the pump directions that come with the
to the crimper. If there is any replacement seal kit.
sign of leakage, cuts, hose
kinks, hose stiffness, or cover
hardening or cracking, replace
with a new hose assembly of the
SAFETY same type.
I. H
ands-on TRAINING to properly 4. Anytime the crimp diameter falls
and safely use this crimper is outside the specified tolerance,
recommended. check the calibration of the
setting number to the finished
2. Follow the procedures in Gates
crimp diameter. Procedure to do
OPERATOR’S MANUAL for this
this and to make any necessary
crimper.
adjustments are presented in the
3. Use only NEW (unused) GATES OPERATOR’S MANUAL.
HOSE AND FITTINGS.
4. Always wear SAFETY GLASSES!
5. Keep hands clear of moving
parts.
6. Follow GATES CRIMP
SPECIFICATIONS when
operating this crimper. Do not
substitute coupling components
or crimper dies. Use only those
parts and tooling as specified by
Gates.
69
GC32-XD™ MAINTENANCE
1. Once every 250 crimps, expose
the grease fittings by cycling
the hose crimper head to its
closed position. Give each fitting
(eight front, 16 rear) a shot from
a grease gun. Cycle the hose
crimper five times to distribute
the grease evenly.
2. An oil filter in the hydraulic
reservoir keeps the fluid clean,
extending the life of the pump.
Use a wrench to loosen the
spring-loaded cap on the filter.
Reach in and pull out the filter
to check it. Change it when you
change the oil.
3. Add hydraulic oil every 10 hours
or so. Keep an eye on the oil
level in the reservoir sight glass.
When it’s low, top it off.
SAFETY
4. The air filter is under the
I. H
ands-on TRAINING to properly breather cap that sits atop the
and safely use this crimper is oil reservoir. Check the filter
recommended. periodically and change it when
necessary.
2. Follow the procedures in Gates
OPERATOR’S MANUAL for this 5. Die-filler sponges prevent
crimper. foreign debris and dirt from
getting into the hose crimper.
3. Use only NEW (unused) GATES
Every 1,000 crimps, take them
HOSE AND FITTINGS.
out and check them. When you
4. Always wear SAFETY GLASSES! squeeze them, healthy sponges
5. Keep hands clear of moving rebound to their original shape.
parts. If they do not, it’s time to replace
them.
6. Follow GATES CRIMP
SPECIFICATIONS when
operating this crimper. Do not
substitute coupling components
or crimper dies. Use only those
parts and tooling as specified by
Gates.
70
GC96™ MAINTENANCE
1. Once every 250 crimps, expose
the grease fittings by cycling
9
the hose crimper head to its
closed position. Give each fitting
(eight front, 16 rear) a shot from
a grease gun. Cycle the hose
crimper five times to distribute
the grease evenly.
2. An oil filter in the hydraulic
reservoir keeps the fluid clean,
extending the life of the pump.
Use a wrench to loosen the
spring-loaded cap on the filter.
Reach in and pull out the filter
to check it. Change it when you
change the oil.
3. Add hydraulic oil every 10 hours
SAFETY or so. Keep an eye on the oil
I. H
ands-on TRAINING to properly level in the reservoir sight glass.
and safely use this crimper is When it’s low, top it off.
recommended. 4. The air filter is under the
2. Follow the procedures in Gates breather cap that sits atop the
OPERATOR’S MANUAL for this oil reservoir. Check the filter
crimper. periodically and change it when
necessary.
3. Use only NEW (unused) GATES
HOSE AND FITTINGS.
4. Always wear SAFETY GLASSES!
5. Keep hands clear of moving
parts.
6. Follow GATES CRIMP
SPECIFICATIONS when
operating this crimper. Do not
substitute coupling components
or crimper dies. Use only those
parts and tooling as specified by
Gates.
71
G loss a ry of T e r m s
Abrasion, Hose The wearing, grinding or rubbing away of Cut-Off Length The length of that part of the coupling
material. The products of abrasion will be not directly in contact with or applied to
introduced into the system as generated the hose. Subtract the sum of the cut-off
particulate contamination. length of the two couplings from the total
length of the assembly, and you will have
Accumulator A container in which fluid is stored
the approximate hose-cut length to be
under pressure. Most commonly with a
replaced.
gaseous space above the fluid.
Dash Size A shorthand method of denoting the size
Air Breather A device permitting air movement
of a particular end fitting or the inside
between atmosphere and the component
diameter of a hose. Measured in 1/16 of
in which it is installed.
an inch (i.e., -4 = 4/16 or 1/4).
Bar A unit of pressure based on Newtons per
EPA Environmental Protection Agency.
square meter, approximately equal to
14.5 PSI. This unit is not preferred in SI Effusion The process where chemical molecules
metrics. move through the hose tube and escape
from a hose.
Bend Radius The radius of a bent section of hose
is always measured to the innermost Fitting A connector or closure for fluid power
surface of curved portion. lines and passages.
Buffing The partial removal of the hose cover in Flange A plate attached to the end of a tube
order to put on a coupling. A stone wheel which can be clamped or bolted to
is typically used to grind or buff the cover. a mated component interface. SAE
J518 Code 61 or Code 62 defines
Bundling Grouping numerous hoses together.
the dimensional and performance
Burst Pressure The pressure that causes rupture. requirements.
Reference pressure intended for
Flare Seat The chamfered edge of the fitting, either
destructive testing purposes and design
24º, 30º, 37º or 45º, where the hydraulic
safety factors only.
seal is made.
Cavitation A localized gaseous condition within a
Fluid A liquid, gas or combination thereof.
liquid stream causing the rapid implosion
of a gaseous bubble. Fluid The hydraulic assembly (tube,
Compatibility cover, reinforcement and couplings) must
Cleanliness The measurement of contamination
be fluid compatible. The correct hose
Level level.
must be used because some hydraulic
Component A device in a system or circuit that fluids have drastically different chemical
performs a given function (i.e., pump, characteristics. Many hoses are
valve, motor, etc.). compatible with most, but not all, fluids.
Compressibility The change in volume of a unit volume of Friction (Fluid) The rubbing of fluid against the inside
a fluid when subjected to a unit change of walls of the hose assembly.
pressure.
Heat Gain The total amount of energy converted
Contaminant Any material or substance that is to heat energy which will raise the fluid
unwanted or adversely affects the fluid temperature if it is not dissipated.
power system or components or both.
Hose Length Correct hose length determinations
Corrosion The chemical change in the mechanical include consideration for length, length
elements caused by the interaction of changes under pressure, machine
fluid or contaminants or both. More vibration and motion, and hose assembly
specifically related to chemical changes routing.
in metals. The products of change
Hose Routing The most direct or best path a hose uses
may be introduced into the system as
to connect one port to another. Determine
generated particulate contamination.
hose lengths and configurations that will
Crimp A method of permanently attaching hose result in proper routing and protection
ends. from abrasion, snagging or kinking and
provide leak-resistant connections.
72
Laminar Flow Liquid particles flowing smoothly in even
layers with no cross flow.
Layline The printed line on the hose cover used
SAE
10
Society of Automotive Engineers.
SAE Port A straight thread port used to attach tube
and hose fittings. It employs an O-ring
as a manual to ensure that the hose lies compressed in a wedge-shaped cavity.
straight with no twisting.
Skiving The process of removing the outer cover
Locking Collar The collar behind the stem hex. When of a hose before installing the coupling.
crimped, it interfaces with the ferrule lip
Sleeving Nylon or cordora sleeving provides
and locks the stem and ferrule together.
excellent abrasion resistance to protect
Lockout/Tagout The placement of a tagout device individual hoses; can be used to bundle
(LO/TO) on a power switch, in accordance with an several hose assemblies together for
established procedure, to indicate that the maximum protection.
power switch and the equipment being
Static Discharge Producing stationary charges of
controlled may not be operated until the
electricity.
tagout is removed.
Suction Line A supply line at sub-atmospheric
Minimum Bend The tightest a hose can be bent
pressure to a pump, compressor or other
Radius prior to exerting excessive force that can
component.
cause kinking or damage.
Swage A method of permanently attaching
O-Ring A ring that has a round cross-section
couplings where the coupling is
usually used for sealing.
compressed to the hose by forcing it
Orientation The alignment of couplings (bent or through a tapered hole in a die.
block) on a hose assembly.
Synthetic Fluid Fluid that has been artificially
Peaks A marked jump in pressure in a system. compounded for use in a fluid power
Also called spikes or surges. system.
Perforated The process of making holes in a Torque A rotational twisting force.
hydraulic cover. This enables any air or
Turbulent Flow A flow situation in which the fluid
gases to escape (bleed) through and not
particles move in a random manner.
bubble or blister the cover.
Vacuum Pressure less than atmospheric
Petroleum Fluid A fluid composed of petroleum oil. It may
pressure. It is usually expressed in
contain additives.
inches of Mercury (in. Hg) as referred to
Pinhole A small hole in a hose that can spray fluid the existing atmospheric pressure.
at a high pressure.
Velocity The time rate (speed) of linear motion in a
Port Threaded or unthreaded female given direction.
connection of a fluid power component
Viscosity A measure of the internal friction or the
which is flush with the surface.
resistance of a fluid to flow.
Pressure Force per unit area. The distributed
Viscosity Index A measure of how viscosity changes in
reaction (pressure) on a confined fluid is
relation to temperature.
typically measured in pounds per
square inch. Water Glycol A fluid whose major constituents
Fluid are water and one or more glycols or
Pressure Drop The difference between the pressure of
polyglycols.
a fluid as it enters one end of a hydraulic
hose assembly and the pressure of that Working The pressure at which the hydraulic
fluid as it leaves the other end. Pressure system operates. Pressure surges or
peaks exceeding the rated working
Quick A coupling that can quickly join or
pressure are destructive and must be
Disconnect separate a fluid line without the use
taken into account when selecting
of tools or special devices.
a hose.
Return Line The line conducting fluid from working
devices to the reservoir.
Gates also offers safety and preventive maintenance programs for industrial hose.
Contact your Gates representative for more information.
73
Gates Corporation
1551 Wewatta Street
Denver, CO 80202
www.gates.com/safehydraulics
39595 3/09