DPM 10

A to E

A. Words along with their meaning, Pronunciation and usage

Lackadaisical /ˌlakəˈdeɪzɪk(ə)l/
[Adjective] lacking enthusiasm and determination; carelessly lazy.
Usage – A lackadaisical performance by the cricket team dismayed the audience.
Origin - mid 18th century (also in the sense ‘feebly sentimental’): from ‘lackaday’ – an
expression of surprise, regret or grief - or its obsolete extended form ‘lackadaisy’.

Lacuna /ləˈkjuːnə/
[Noun] 1) an unfilled space; a gap.
2) a cavity or depression, especially in bone.
Usage 1) – The new magazine has filled a lacuna in diasporic literature.
Origin – mid-17th century: from Latin, ‘pool’, from lacus ‘lake’.

Lampoon /lamˈpuːn/
[Verb] 1) publicly criticize (someone or something) by using ridicule, irony, or sarcasm.
[Noun] 2) a speech or text lampooning someone or something.
Usage 1) – The actor was lampooned by the press.
Usage 2) – The magazine used lampoons to criticize politicians.
Origin - mid 17th century: from French lampon, said to be from lampons ‘let us drink’ (used as a
refrain), from lamper ‘gulp down’, nasalized form of laper ‘to lap (liquid)’.

Litany /ˈlɪt(ə)ni/
[Noun] 1) a series of petitions for use in church services or processions, usually recited by the
clergy and responded to in a recurring formula by the people.
2) a tedious recital or repetitive series.
Usage 2) – The public office was flooded with a litany of complaints.
Origin - Middle English: from Old French letanie, via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek litaneia
‘prayer’, from litē ‘supplication’.
Levity /ˈlɛvɪti/
[Noun] the treatment of a serious matter with humour or lack of due respect.
Usage – His attempt to introduce a note of levity was met with stony silence.
Origin - mid 16th century: from Latin levitas, from levis ‘light’.

Lucent /ˈluːs(ə)nt/
[Adjective] glowing with or giving light.
Usage – The sun was lucent in the sky.
Origin - Late Middle English: from Latin lucent- ‘shining’, from the verb lucere-lucid-bright,
luminous.

Liaison /lɪˈeɪz(ə)n,lɪˈeɪzɒn/
[Noun] 1) communication or cooperation which facilitates a close working relationship between
people or organizations.
2) a person who acts as a link to assist communication or cooperation between people.
3) a sexual relationship, especially one that is secret or illicit.
4) the binding or thickening agent of a sauce, often based on egg yolks.
Usage 1) – The officer works in close liaison with the secretariat.
Usage 2) – He is our liaison with a number of interested parties.
Usage 3) – A liaison with colleagues is prohibited.
Origin – mid-17th century (as a cookery term): from French, from lier ‘to bind’.

Leviathan /lɪˈvʌɪəθ(ə)n/
[Noun] 1) in biblical use) a sea monster, identified in different passages with the whale and the
crocodile (e.g. Job 41, Ps. 74:14), and with the Devil (after Isa. 27:1).
2) a very large aquatic creature, especially a whale.
3) a thing that is very large or powerful, especially an organization or vehicle.
Usage 3) –It’s a challenge to navigate a wheeled leviathan in heavy traffic.
Origin - via late Latin from Hebrew liwyāṯān.
Lily-livered /ˈlɪlɪlɪvəd/
[Adjective] weak and cowardly.
Usage – The public is fed up with lily-livered politicians.
Origin – Thefirst known use of lily-livered was in 1605. From the medieval belief that the liver
was the seat of courage, and the pale colour of the lily flower. A person who had no blood in
their liver would have no courage and would thus be a coward.

Labour the point

[Phrase] explain or discuss something at excessive length.
Usage – Enough has been said about the new economic policies, there is no need to labour the
point.
B. RC Passage (with Link)

Article 1: LINK: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/a-city-gone-

dry/article28138343.ece

SUMMARY: Chennai's aspirations to grow into a global economic hub appear considerably
weakened as it struggles to find water. That residents are now given minimum piped water and
meagre tanker supplies totalling a third of the installed capacity of 1,494 million litres a day, that
too mainly from desalination plants, faraway lakes and farm wells, is proof of the neglect of
water governance. A white paper with a full assessment of these wetlands and their storage
potential should be a priority for the State's Sustainable Water Security Mission. The
government should give monetary incentives to NGOs, as NITI Aayog proposed in its Water
Index report, to encourage them to install systems and show quantifiable recharge outcomes.

Article2: https://aeon.co/essays/why-depth-therapy-is-more-enduring-than-a-quick-fix-of-cbt

The complexity that embodies every individual’s life and mental health, requires long lasting
solutions and not the quick fix methods advocated by the mainstream approach in psychiatry. The
prevalent discourse favours the use of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) to treat mental
health problems. By citing scholarly studies and meta analyses (studies about studies), the author
refutes the dominant view that Depth Based Therapy (DBT) has no use for treatment of mental
health. On the contrary, studies have shown that CBT—which is of short duration—has not been
effective in curing the majority of the respondents studied. Instead DBT or the psychodynamic
psychotherapy approach—which is a longer duration therapy—has been found to be more
effective in helping patients, especially those going through personality and relationship based
mental health issues.

Article3:https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/features-2/what-to-read-during-a-
pandemic-including-books-not-about-pandemics-5099971.html

In this piece, Sanjay Sipahimalani offers some reading suggestions, given the unexpected free
time on our hands due to the lockdown . His list spans different subjects/genres and states of
mind. It caters to those who wish not to read about anything related to pandemics as also those
who wish to better understand these unprecedented times.
Article 4: In Groundbreaking Find, Three Kinds of Early Humans Unearthed Living Together in
South Africa-The different hominid species, possibly including the oldest-known Homo erecetus,
existed in the region’s hills and caves

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/homo-erectrus-australopithecus-
saranthropus-south-africa-180974571/

BRIEF: Two million years ago, three different early humans—Australopithecus, Paranthropus,
and the earliest-known Homo erectus—appear to have lived at the same time in the same
place, near the Drimolen Paleocave System. How much these different species interacted
remains unknown. But their contemporaneous existence suggests our ancient relations were
quite diverse during a key transitional period of African prehistory that saw the last days
of Australopithecus and the dawn of H. erectus’s nearly two-million-year run.

Article 5: Time for States to Collect User Charges

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/et-editorials/time-for-states-to-collect-user-charges/

BRIEF:The Covid-19 nationwide lockdown has hugely affected state finances, jacked-up social
expenditure for quarantine measures, amidst a massive drop in key revenue streams such as
retail tax on automotive fuel. The one source of revenue that can yield additional receipts in this
hour of need is user charges, to collect which most states have been reluctant.
C. RC Passage (with Questions)

Above all the translation of books into digital formats means the destruction of boundaries
.Bound, printed texts are discrete objects ; Immutable, individual, lendable, cut off from the
world. Once the words of a book appear on screen, they are no longer simply themselves; they
have become a part of something else. They now occupy the same space not only as every
other digital text, but as every other medium too. Music, films, newspapers ,blogs, video games
- it's the nature of a digital society that all these come at us in parallel, through the same
channels, consumed simultaneous or in seamless sequence.

There are new possibilities in this, many of them marvelous. As the Internet has amply
illustrated, words shorn of physical restrictions can instantly travel the world and be searched,
shared, adapted an updated at will. Words that aim to convey more than information and
opinions and to books in particular, a paradoxical process of construction is also taking place
.For alongside what Morrison calls ,“the craving for interactivity”, a new economic and cultural
structure is arriving that has the power to dismantle many of those roles great written books
have long played: as critiques, inspirations, consciences, entertainments, educations , acts of
witness and awakening , and much more.

The digitization of the reading experience itself is the least radical aspect of this process.
Although a minority of titles offer sounds and images most e-books ape their paper counterparts
.Even on an advanced device like the iPad , the best reading applications emphasize clarity and
clutter free text. What's truly new is the shift in power that the emerging order represents.
Digital culture's single most transforming force is data. Buy an electronic book and the exact
details of that purchase are instantly known: exactly how much was paid , and when , and how ,
and in combination with which other products. What are the trends , the sudden sparks or
interest , the opportunities? Which chapter held people's attention for longest ;and at what point
did most readers give up? Answering exactly these kinds of questions lies at the heart of the
businesses that players like Amazon, Google and Apple have built over the last decade. And
these three companies already overwhelmingly dominate the world's digital publishing
transactions it has been a truth of publishing that - much as in movies - a small number of hits
generate the bulk of revenues , allowing producers to take a punt on future productions . What,
though, if there were no longer any need to gamble on success? Book publishing is based on
the principle that publishers control access to a scarce, precious resource - print. But digital
media models, where the costs of publication and introduction are almost nothing, tend to
function the other way around: material is first published, then the selection process begins
among readers themselves.

Question 1) The shift in power caused by the digitization of books implies that.
(A) readers are no longer constrained by publishers and can now select what they want to read .
(B) authors can now select which website the publish to publish their work in.
(C) books will no longer be selected for publication on the basis of their content.
(D) critics decide the future of an author and the fate of a work .

Question 2) Which of the following is not a consequence of the digitization of books?

(A) The quick and easy access that most people have to a new work.
(B) Books short of the role as friend, philosopher and guide.
(C) Books losing their individual identity and becoming a part of the medium .
(D) Books becoming victims of an abundance of data.

Question 3) It can be inferred from the passage that the digital book.
(A) will be an entirely different experience from the traditional reading of book.
(B) will be very much like its physical counterpart in appearance and reading experience.
(C) will be as removed from normal reading as a movie is from a still shot.
(D) will use technology to such an extent as to bear no resemblance to its physical version.
D. Quantitative Aptitude
1
Q1. Deepak spends 33 % more than what he saves every month. Ishwar spends 50% more
3

than Deepak every month. Deepak’s and Ishwar’s monthly salaries are in the ratio 9:10. What are
Ishwar’s savings as a percentage of his expenditure?
a. 24%
b. 25.5%
c. 27.1%
d. 29.6%

Q2. In a village, 55% of the adult population are men and 40% of the women are not graduates.
What percentage of the adult population are graduates, if 33% of the adult population are men
who are graduates?

a. 30%
b. 40%
c. 50%
d. 60%

Q3. A certain sum was invested at 4% p.a. simple interest. Another sum was invested at 5% p.a.
compound interest. Each sum was invested for 2 years. The simple interest on the first sum
exceeded the compound interest on the second sum by Rs.28. If the total of the two sums invested
is Rs.4000, the sum invested at compound interest (in Rs.) is
a. 1600
b. 2000
c. 2400
d. 2800

Q4. There are 13 boxes in a row. The average number of balls per box is 40. Five of the boxes
have 50 balls each. If all the other boxes have less than 50 balls, the maximum number of boxes
which can have no balls is
Q5. X is the average of the squares of the first N natural numbers. Y is the average of the cubes
7
of the first N natural numbers. If X = Y, then the value of N is
55

|𝑥−9|
Q6. The number of integral solutions of ≥ 2 is ______
|𝑥−11|

a. 3
b. 4
c. 2
d. More than 4

Q7. The area and perimeter of a rectangle are 3 times and 2.8 times respectively those of a
square. Find the ratio of the length and breadth of the rectangle.

a. 15:4
b. 25:6
c. 25:3
d. Can’t be determined

Q8. X is a four-digit number equal to ABCD.

F(X) = 2A 3B 5C 7D. If Y and Z are four-digit numbers and F(Y) = 81F(Z), the excess of Y over Z
is…….

a. 200
b. 300
c. 400
d. Can’t be determined
Q9. M can complete a piece of work in 10 days. N can complete the work in 12 days. M and N
worked on alternate days to complete the work. The time taken to complete the work must be
______.
2
a) Either 10 days or 11 days
3
1
b) Either 11 days or 11 days
5
1 1
c) Either 11 days or 10 days
5 2
5
d) Either 10 days or 11 days
6

Q10. The number of solutions of 3p + q = 11 and |p – 7| = q is ______.

a. 1
b. 2
c. 0
d. more than 2
E. DILR – 1 Set

Directions for questions 1 to 5: These questions are based on the following information.
Each of the four persons - A, B, C and D - played one game each against the other three in
each of the three events - Chess, Bridge and Carroms. No game ended in a draw. The following
information is known about the result.
(i) won in Chess only against C and D and he won three games in all.

(ii) Each of C and D won twice against A.

(iii) C and D won against B in Chess and D won against B in Carroms.

(iv) B lost only two games to D, who won seven games.

(v) A lost all games in only one event, but it is not the event in which D won all the games.

(vi) B won only one game in Carroms against the person to whom he lost in Bridge.

Q.1. How many games did C win in Carroms?

Q.2. Which game witnessed equal number of wins and losses?

(A) Chess (B) Carroms (C) Bridge (D) All the games

Q.3. Who among the following did not win even one game against at least one person?
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D

Q.4. Which of the following statements is true?

(A) B and C won equal number of games. (B) A lost all the games in Carroms.
(C) D won all the games in Bridge. (D) C did not lose a game in Bridge.

Q.5. Against whom did C win in Bridge?

(A) Only A (B) Both A and B (C) Both A and D (D) Against all