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RE-INVEST Special  

We are happy to release this special issue of ´0DNH LQ ,QGLDµ FDPSDLJQ RI ,QGLDQ *RYHUQPHQW KDV
´(PHUJLQJ 7HFKQRORJ\ 1HZVµ RQ RFFDVLRQ RI 5(- introduced series of incentives that are resulting in
Invest, the 1st Renewable Energy Global Investors interest from global leaders on setting up or expanding
Meet & Expo to be organised by the Ministry of New existing manufacturing in India through partnerships with
and Renewable Energy (MNRE). Objective of RE- Indian Industry.
invest is to showcase the Government of India's  
commitment to the development and scaling up of As current government is focused towards
renewable energy in India to meet the national implementation rather than mere Act and policy
energy requirement in a socially, economically and development, both domestic as well as international
ecologically sustainable manner. companies can get early- movers advantage in this
scenario. Faster approval and government support can
also help many Indian companies to diversify their
Government of India has announced series of business or to enter new sector..
initiatives in past 6 months that have a direct impact
on opportunities for this sector. These include: IESA has great hope from this government with speedy
implementation and suitable financing opportunities for
x Enhancing the target for National Solar
energy storage sector with "Yes to reliable power and No
Mission from 20 GW to 100 GW
to black outs" similar to renewable energy growth.
x Accelerating wind energy adoption to 10 GW
/ year With best regards,
x Plans to supply electricity 24/7 to all parts of
India in five years Dr. Rahul Walawalkar
x Launch of Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti
Yojana (DDUGJY) for rural electrification PLEASE DO SEND US YO UR
x Plan to build 100 Smart Cities and over FEEDBACK. IF YOU AR E
1000 microgrids INTERESTED IN
x Creation of National Standing Committee on CONTRIBUTING ARTICLE S
Energy Storage and Hybrid systems by OR ADVERTISING IN TH E
Ministry of new and Renewable Energy )8785(,668(62)´(0 ERGING TECHNOLOGY
1(:6µ)((/)5((72REACH US AT
Energy storage technologies could play a key role in CONTACT@INDIAESA.INFO .
achieving this goal of greater renewable integration.    
India is poised for rapid adoption of energy storage
and microgrid technologies in the coming decade. To
support all these initiatives MNRE is currently
working on developing policy framework and is
H[SHFWHG WR ODXQFK D ´1DWLRQDO (QHUJ\ 6WRUDJH
0LVVLRQµODWHUWKLV\HDU Focus of these initiatives is
not only on accelerating adoption of the energy
storage and microgrid technologies, but also to
attract investments in India, to develop a global
manufacturing hub for advanced storage and
microgrid solutions. Energy storage technologies are
gaining recognition as the key enabler for key
priorities for Indian policy makers such as smart
cities, renewable integration and energy access.

Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info  

1    
  

CONTENTS
Spotlight Guest Article Tech Showcase
Energy Storage: Potential Enabler Battery Energy Storage A Modular Power Conditioning
for Greater Wind Penetration in Systems ² A very viable System for Energy Storage
India alternative to backup
Diesel Generation
6 11 16

Emerging Technology News IESA releases UHSRUWRQ´(QHUJ\6WRUDJH7HFKQRORJLHVIRU 3

(ETN) IESA News $QFLOODU\6HUYLFHVLQ,QGLDµDW(6,

Volume 2, Issue 1;; IRENA - International Energy Storage Policy and Regulation 5
Workshop held at Energy Storage India (ESI) 2014
Jan-March 2015

Address for 13
Storage &DOLIRUQLD«/HDGLQJWKH86$D &DOLIRUQLD«/HDGLQJWKH86$
Correspondence: and World in Electric Vehiclesnd World in Electric Vehicles
Applications
A501, GO Square, 15
Aundh Hinjewadi Link Road, Policy Renewable Growths in India - Opportunities for Storage
Wakad | Pune, MH India ²
Updates
411057
Email: contact@indiaesa.info
MOP WILL BANK ON STORAGE TO PROVIDE ELECTRICITY TO 19
Webiste: www.indiaesa.info RURAL INDIA: MR. PIYUSH GOYAL, ENERGY MINISTER, INDIA

Editorial Team: ENERGY STORAGE COUNCIL LAUNCHED IN AUSTRALIA 19

Energy
Dr. Rahul Walawalkar Storage CITIGROUP PREDICTS 240GW ENERGY STORAGE MARKET 20
Debi Prasad Dash News BY 2030
Netra Walawalkar PANASONIC TO START ACID BATTERY MANUFACTURING IN 21
INDIA
Design: Insonics JAPAN MULLING $800 MILLION STIMULUS FOR 21
BATTERY STORAGE AND EFFICIENCY
TERRA MOTORS UNVEILS ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER 22
FOR INDIA
US COMMITS $4 BN FOR INDIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY 22
SECTOR

ESI: 2014 Energy Storage India 2014 Concludes With Broad Consensus 23
on Opportunities for Storage to Address Development Goals,
Drive Energy Transformation and Manufacturing Growth

Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info  

2    
IESA NEWS
IESA releases UHSRUWRQ´(QHUJ\6WRUDJH7HFKQRORJLHVIRU$QFLOODU\6HUYLFHVLQ
,QGLDµDW(6,  
Executive Summary
Managing variability of electricity load has been a
nightmare for the grid operators in India, especially as
over 59% of power generation capacity is met by coal
thermal plants which do not have the capability to
respond quickly to fluctuations in the power demand and
supply. Apart from this, to make things worse for system
operators in the country, rise in the wind power and other
renewable energy supply, which consist of over 12% of
the generation mix in India, has led to uncontrolled
variability on the generation side. Such a scenario has led
WR TXHVWLRQV RQ ,QGLD·V SUHSDUHGQHVV WR PDLQWDLQ JULG
stability, especially after the grid failure in 2012.
In the structured power markets, like those in the US,
ancillary services include the amenities that support the
provision of energy to support power system reliability
and security. The ancillary services markets are tied with
the design of the energy market which needs careful
Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info
3  
consideration of the power system economics. This report
reviews the ancillary service markets in the US, the
various technologies and the pricing mechanisms which
these markets are following. As understood from the US
market, energy storage technologies have better
capabilities to cater to ancillary services like frequency
regulation, load following, voltage support, reactive power
supply, black start and others than the thermal, gas and
renewable energy power plants. ESS (Energy Storage
System) can provide ancillary services with much better
response time.
Although most of these technologies are technically
viable for utility-scale systems, some are believed to have
more potential than others for providing ancillary services
as demonstrated by examples of various operational
projects in this report. Last 3-4 years have witnessed
rapid reduction in prices in energy storage technologies
due to the increasing commercialization and
manufacturing scale up. India could accelerate this trend
by providing a huge market for such technologies.
Currently most of the international technology developers
are exploring local manufacturing or localization of these
technologies. Introduction of ancillary service
requirements in a technology neutral manner will
accelerate such localization efforts and will help in
bringing down the costs further. However, working of
levelized cost of ancillary services may indicate that some
of the technologies may require additional financial
support during initial deployment phase for 2-3 years.
Indian grid regulations have tried to address some of the
technical characteristics of ancillary services through
existing mechanisms such as Unscheduled Interchange
(UI) mechanism and power factor incentives. These
mechanisms have served their purpose by improving the
grid conditions as compared to prevalent issues but need
to get augmented / replaced by systematic introduction
of ancillary services in the coming years.
CERC (Central Electricity Regulatory Commission) and
NLDC (National Load Dispatch Centre) are considering on
introducing ancillary services. Regulatory body should
consider clear technology neutral specification for
identification of various ancillary services and quantify
the magnitude at regional / national level. Some of the
ancillary services will need to be procured on state /
 
 
IESA NEWS
regional basis considering the transmission infrastructure
availability as well as nature of ancillary services.
Regulations should have a clear roadmap for deployment
of ancillary services under various scenarios, which can
provide clear investment signals for potential project
developers and technology developers. There is a need
for proper enforcement for procurement of ancillary
services. Failure of enforcing ancillary service
procurement and payment mechanism could create
significant hurdles in meeting the goals.
Initially, some demonstration projects may be set up
under the ownership of transmission companies and
operated by State/Regional Load Dispatch Centers as
these agencies may operate such assets in an unbiased
way and may keep grid security as only priority.
Simultaneously, market rules may be created for
introduction of such services through exchanges.
Powergrid Corporation of India ltd. (PGCIL) has already
announced a tender for 3 demonstration projects at
Puducherry for demonstration of LI-Ion, Advanced Lead
Acid as well as other advanced batteries for frequency
regulation. Indian regulators and policy makers could
utilize learning from such demonstration projects for
framing the ancillary service requirements.
Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info
4  
Rapid advances in both conventional and emerging
technologies will make it possible for India to significantly
improve the power quality and reliability. Such
transformation could be achieved by 2020 as most of the
technologies required are already commercially available
and sufficient insights are available for introduction of
ancillary services based on experiences of developed
countries from around the world. As estimated by
Customized Energy Solutions and Indian Energy Storage
Alliance, the ancillary service market in India has a
potential of almost 5 GW through 2020 and ESS
technologies can supply over 1 GW of this market.
Mr. Tarun Kapoor, Joint Secretary Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy, Mr. Sushil Kumar Soonee, CEO,
POSOCO, Dr. Pramod Deo, Ex-Chairman, CERC and Mr.
Ruud Kempener from International Renewable Energy
Agency (IRENA) released a report prepared by IESA and
6KDNWL )RXQGDWLRQ WLWOHG ¶5ROH RI (QHUJ\ 6WRUDJH
Technologies in Providing Ancillary Services, Improving
3RZHU 4XDOLW\ DQG 5HOLDELOLW\ RI WKH ,QGLDQ *ULG· At the
occasion, Dr. Walawalkar optimistically stated that the
next decade can be the decade of transformation of the
power sector in India, and energy storage will play a key
role in this journey of revolution.
 
 
IESA NEWS
IRENA - International Energy Storage Policy and Regulation Workshop held at
Energy Storage India (ESI) 2014  
The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
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Delhi, India. The workshop took place alongside the 2nd
International Conference & Exhibition on Energy Storage
and Microgrids in India from 3 to 5 December 2014.
The aim of the workshop was to identify key technology
solutions, regulatory challenges and policies needed to
support the accelerated deployment of bot decentralized
and utility-scale renewables, examine the lessons that
can be drawn from India, and to identify opportunities for
international cooperation and exchange of best practices
and lessons. Workshop participants consisted of policy
makers, industry representatives, academia, and other
relevant stakeholders. The workshop was attended by 40
senior stakeholders including regulators from various
Asia Pacific countries.
The workshop was opened by Secretary Upendra Tripathy,
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy MNRE) of the
Government of India. Subsequently, Mr. Gurbuz Gonul,
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5  
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roadmap (REmap 2030), the lessons from the previous
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energy storage so far. The introduction presentations
were followed by two keynote presentation followed by a
panel discussion. The first keynote presentation was
provided by Dr. Walawalkar, Executive Director of the
India Energy Storage Alliance, and was followed by a
discussion on the specific opportunities for energy
storage in off-grid systems. The second panel discussion
addressed the topic of electricity storage for the
integration of utility-scale renewables projects, and was
opened by a presentation by Smt. Varsha Joshi, Joint
Secretary of the Ministry of New and Renewable energy.
The workshop concluded with four roundtables;; two one
storage for small-scale renewables deployment, and two
on storage for utility-scale renewables deployment. The
focus topics were on technology and policy needs.
The aim of this workshop was to examine the role that
electricity storage technologies may play in supporting the
deployment of renewables in both off-grid and distributed
systems as well as utility-scale systems in India, and to
identify what applications, best practices and lessons
VKRXOG EH KLJKOLJKWHG LQ ,5(1$·V JOREDO WHFKQRORJ\
roadmap for electricity storage. Based on these insights,
IRENA will issue a Energy Storage Roadmap in 2015. The
aim of the roadmap is to identify priority areas for action,
and specify activities for international cooperation among
different stakeholders, and provide a framework to
monitor progress.
 
 
SPOTLIGHT ± Renewable Energy
Energy Storage: Potential Enabler for Greater Wind Penetration in India  
Wind is becoming one of the major sources of power x Lithium-Titanate (LTO)
worldwide and India is at forefront of it. Among the ™ Sodium-Sulfur battery (NaS)
various renewable energy sources available in India wind ™ Sodium Ion batteries
power generation is presently the largest renewable ™ Sodium Nickel Chloride (NaNiCl2) batteries
power source. Wind installed capacity of around 23 GW ™ Flow Batteries
LVQHDUO\RI,QGLD·VSHDNORDG0RUHWKDQRIWKH x Vanadium Redox battery (VRB)
VHFWRU·V GHYHORSPHQW LV FRQFHQWUDWHG LQ WKH states of x Zinc Bromine battery (ZnBr)
Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh x Iron Chrome battery
and Gujarat, located in Southern and Western India. ™ Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) battery
™ Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMh) battery
Estimates of wind potential in India vary from
¾ Non-Electrochemical energy storage
conservative 50 GW to 2000 GW, so it is clear that
™ Pumped Hydroelectric (PHS)
availability of natural resources is not limiting factor for
™ Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
the continued growth of wind energy in India. The real
™ Flywheel
challenge lays in the grid integration issues. Wind energy
™ Ultra-Capacitor
due to its variability is creating technical challenges for
™ Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
the grid operators for its integration. Grid operators need
(SMES)
to balance generation and load on second by second
basis. As wind output fluctuates, operators must supply The technology, size and duration of energy storage need
necessary generation from other sources in order to keep to be carefully selected. Different applications require
the balance between generation and load. In developed different kinds of energy storage technologies. Energy
countries, presence of reserve generation capacity that storage could also be optimized to take advantage of
includes flexible resources as well as established multiple revenue streams. For example, energy storage
ancillary services helps in continuously balancing the grid. used to avoid revenue lost due to transmission
At lower wind penetration the conventional resources are curtailment can also be used to reduce forecast errors
capable of adjusting wind fluctuations. As the share of during low wind season.
wind energy keeps increasing it will become challenging
to manage grid stability. With increasing wind
penetration, it becomes imperative to find new solutions
to absorb wind variability and achieve grid stability.
Advanced Energy Storage Systems provides one such
solution!

Energy Storage is being considered globally to support

wind integration and numerous demonstration as well as
commercial projects have been operating for over 3-4
years around the globe. Energy storage technologies can
be grouped as electrochemical and non-electrochemical
technologies. The most common energy storage
technologies are:

¾ Electrochemical energy storage

™ Lead Acid battery Figure: 1
™ Lithium Ion (Li-ion) battery
x Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Although costs of energy storage technologies are
x Lithium Cobalt (LCO) coming down there is lots of potential for further
reduction of the levelized cost of energy delivered through
x Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO)
energy storage. In next 12-18 months we are going to see
x Lithium Nickel Manganese Colbalt Oxide
introduction of range of new technologies that can
(NMC)
operate for 10,000+ cycles as compared to 500-1000
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6    
SPOTLIGHT ± Renewable Energy
cycles currently possible through lead acid batteries. This
can result in dramatic reduction in the cost of ownership
as well as open up new applications for use of storage.
Technology Suitability:
Lead Acid Battery: It is one of the mature technologies in
energy storage industry with proven commercial
implementation. This is one of the most widely used
electricity storage systems in the earth. The cost of Lead
Acid technology is on lower side comparing to other
technology in the industry. It varies from $120 to $150
($/kWh) based on size and applications in which it is
used. It uses lead, lead dioxide with sulphuric acid, which
are readily available. It also has excellent recycling value.
On the contrary it has low specific energy (kWh/kg) and
specific power (kW/kg). Short Cycle life of this technology
requires mandatory replacements for long term
applications. On the operating scenario, it needs higher
maintenance and has the risk of environmental hazards.
Lead-acid batteries are considered the default energy
technology for back up energy storage systems around
the world.
Lithium Ion (Li-Ion) Battery: Lithium Ion technology is
gaining fast interest and in past 3 years over 300 MW
projects have been commissioned around the globe. It
includes different Lithium chemistries such as Lithium
Iron Phosphate (LFP), Lithium Cobalt (LCO), Lithium
Manganese Oxide (LMO), Lithium Nickel Manganese
Cobalt Oxide (NMC), and Lithium Titanate (LTO). The price
& safety are the main obstacles in its commercialization
which ranges from $400 to $1250 ($/kWh) depending
upon manufactures. There is potential for higher energy
densities in these battery technologies. It has higher DOD
cycle. Lithium-ion is a low maintenance battery.
Manufacturers are constantly improving lithium-ion
resulting in new and improved chemical combinations
being introduced in market every year.
It has great potential to replace conventional lead acid
batteries in the industry for applications that require
quick charge / discharge capability and longer cycle life. It
is suitable for ancillary services like frequency regulation
and wind smoothing.
Sodium Sulphur Battery (NAS): Sodium-sulphur (NaS)
batteries use molten sodium and sulphur separated by a
ceramic electrolyte. It has higher energy and power
density. It also has high efficiency. It is in nascent stage
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7  
of commercialization. High temperature produces unique
safety issues in the battery configuration.
Sodium Sulphur batteries used for long duration
applications. It is useful for applications like wind firming.
Flow Batteries: Flow batteries use liquid electrolytes with
fixed cells to store and regenerate power. Energy and
Power sizing is independent. So for higher energy only
increase in electrolyte in the container is sufficient. It is
easily scalable for large applications with lower increase
in additional cost. It has higher energy and power density.
But this is relatively immature technology with high
maintenance cost.
x Vanadium Redox (VRB) Batteries: Electrolyte used in
these batteries is ionic vanadium in sulphuric acid
and charged electrolyte is stored in different tanks. It
has very low maintenance cost. It operates at
atmospheric pressure and temperature never
exceeds 40C.
x Zinc Bromine (ZnBr) Batteries: This technology is
relatively early level of maturity. Currently, it is
undergoing proof of concept testing of a 2 MW
battery for distribution upgrade deferral. Round trip
efficiency varies from 70% to 80%. As bromine is
toxic in nature and zinc bromide is corrosive, this
technology has some risk on safety hazard.
Pumped Hydro Energy Storage: Water is pumped from low
elevations to higher elevations to store energy as
gravitational energy, and run down through hydroelectric
turbines to generate electricity. It has huge energy and
power capacity. But it requires special locations and
expensive to build. Around the globe over 80 GW of
Pumped Storage facilities are in operation and are
providing balancing services to grid allowing higher
renewable penetration.
Flywheel: Flywheels store energy in the form of
momentum in a rotating wheel or cylinder. It has very high
power density and high cycle life. But It has low energy
density. It is used for power quality applications requiring
quick charge discharge capabilities for 1000s of cycles.
Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES): Air is compressed
and stored in large underground spaces, and is later used
in gas turbine generators. It can have huge energy and
power capacity. It also requires suitable geology,
availability of natural gas and transmission network.
 
 
SPOTLIGHT ± Renewable Energy
Below, we provide examples of some of the energy
storage projects deployed around the globe in recent
years for different applications related to wind
integration.

™ Utilizing energy storage integrated with wind farm for

providing ancillary services: AES Laurel Mountain
facility is an example of integration of wind farm with
energy storage for providing frequency regulation
service. The energy storage portion of the project
provides frequency regulation in the PJM market
while also being available to help manage the rapid
rate of change of output that can occur with
fluctuations in wind conditions. The project achieved
commercial operation in the third quarter of 2011
and is located in West Virginia. AES Laurel Mountain
is among the first wind generators to supply critical
operating reserve capacity to help maintain the
reliability of the power grid.
Figure 3: Example of wind firming algorithm using a 15
minute Li-Ion battery (Source: Altairnano)
™ Wind smoothing / ramp rate control: Since larger
system operators do have sufficient system
resources, it may not be necessary to firm up the
wind farm output. At the same time, various system
operators are conducting studies to understand
reliability impact of significant wind penetration
which suggests that depending on the supply mix and
reserves available some of the regions may require
some limitations on ramp rate requirements due to
wind variability. Following chart shows an example
from eCoult (ultra battery) & DynaPower of a
demonstration project for utilizing wind smoothing to
meet ramp rate constraints in Australia.

Figure 2: AES Laurel Mountain facility with 32 MW Li-Ion

batteries @ 110 MW wind farm (Source: AES)

™ Wind firming: Energy Storage can be also utilized for

firming the wind farm output on a 5 minute / 15 Figure 4: Schematic of the wind farm integration with
minute / hourly basis if there is any added value that eCoult energy storage system
can be received through PPAs or to meet the IEGC
scheduling requirements. The chart below shows
such application utilizing Altairnano Lithium Titanate
Oxide batteries where the blue curve of wind farm
output (15 MW) was firmed up on a 5 minute block
utilizing a 4 MW nLTO battery sized for 1 MWh (15
minute duration). The green curve shows the state of
the charge variation for such wind firming algorithm.

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8    
SPOTLIGHT ± Renewable Energy
Figure:5 Ecoult Battery at Hampton Wind Farm in NSW
There are number of technologies that could be suitable
for the wind-storage integration depending on the
application and sizing requirement. The technologies vary
from advanced lead acid batteries such as Ultrabattery
from Ecoult, to Li-Ion batteries for short duration
applications, to flow batteries and Compressed Air Energy
Storage (CAES) technologies for longer duration
applications.
While deciding economics of energy storage with wind
farms, number of key factors need to be considered.
These include
1. Energy and Power rating of energy storage vs wind
farm size
2. Cycle life of energy storage
3. Anticipated duty cycle and Depth of Discharge during
each cycle
4. Charge / Discharge rate for energy storage
5. Power Purchase Agreements
6. Grid interconnection costs (including substation and
transmission costs)
Key applications of ESS for wind integration in India are:
™ Reduce Forecasting Errors: Indian Electricity Grid
Code (IEGC) grid code mandates wind farms above
10 MW to schedule generation day-ahead.
Unscheduled-interchange charges (charges for
under-generation based on the frequency at the time)
and penalties are prescribed in IEGC draft for output
above +/- 30% of the scheduled.
Following opposition from various wind power
producers, Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
(CERC) is reviewing this regulation on day-ahead
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9  
forecast by wind power producers. Though wind
forecasting is inherently unreliable, ESS can make
wind power dispatch able and reduce the forecasting
errors.
Figure 6: Forecasting errors from trials in Maharashtra
™ Transmission and Distribution Issues: Several wind
farms especially in Southern states face curtailment
due to transmission congestion. These wind farms
lose as much as 15% output due to curtailment. ESS
can be charged to store the energy during
curtailment and discharged when the transmission
capacity is available. ESS can also be used to reduce
transmission capex as well as charges. Wind power
plant generates its full output only for few hours. ESS
can be used such that the power supplied to the grid
is always less than the capacity of wind farm for any
given time. Thus it reduces the capacity of
transmission needed and also reduces the
transmission charges.
™ Captive Wind Plants: Various commercial and
industrial customers have captive wind farms due to
RPO obligations and tax incentives. However, wind
energy may become available when there is very little
demand by the industry. Despite banking provisions,
which captures some of the unconsumed energy,
significant portion of wind energy may lapse and go
unutilized by the industry thus causing significant
loss. Commercial and industrial customers may pay
as high as INR 8 (US $ 0.13) and 6(US $ 0.10) per
N:K UHVSHFWLYHO\ ZKHUHDV ZLQG HQHUJ\·V FRVW RI
production is INR 3 (US $ 0.05) per kWh. ESS can
 
 
SPOTLIGHT ± Renewable Energy
capture the unutilized wind energy and use it during
peak periods.
Wind Energy Time Shifting and Arbitrage: Many states
have introduced time of day tariff. Wind farms in such
states as well as wind farms selling energy through open
access can take advantage of difference between peak
and off-peak pricing. Many consumers suffering from
power cuts pay as high as INR 18 to 20 (US $ 0.30 to
0.33) per kWh for diesel power. ESS can be used to
charge through wind and discharge during peak price
time zones or during power cuts.
Off-grid Applications: Wind energy can also play a key role
in off grid electrification, helping off grid systems to meet
basic power needs for single households or small
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has taken initial
steps to fix this by creation of a Standing Committee on
Energy Storage and Hybrids. MNRE is also working on
launching a pilot project for demonstrating energy storage
technologies for 4 key applications:
¾ Large scale wind ² solar integration
¾ Rural microgrid
¾ Commercial / Industrial / Residential/ defense
microgrid
¾ Stand Alone Energy Storage system
It is anticipated that MNRE will release this RFP in 2015.
Market Potential of ESS for Wind Integration in India
communities. Wind resources with ESS can provide power
for regular daily periods when the wind energy source is
unavailable and may also be used to ensure full
autonomy for periods during bad weather conditions.
Energy Storage in India needs regulatory push for its
wide-spread adoption. Currently no regulation specifically
talks about storage integrated wind plant. Policies like
accelerated depreciation, GBI or open access will help
both the renewable and energy storage industry in
general. Any fiscal incentives for energy storage will
greatly help technology developers in terms of their first
few deployments. It has been showed globally that such
early demonstration can open up new markets and also
help the early movers gain significant market share
through adoptive learning.
%DVHG RQ ,QGLD (QHUJ\ 6WRUDJH $OOLDQFH·V ,(6$ DQDO\VLV
for applications of ESS for wind energy in India, we
estimate a market potential of around 350 MW for a low
growth case and a market potential of over 1 GW for a
high growth case through 2020. Given the recent push
for additional wind deployment by Indian Government and
a target of reaching 100 GW of wind with in next decade,
even the high case scenario may turn to be an under
estimate. To achieve this potential, we need the wind
industry to proactively evaluate energy storage as an
enabler for greater wind penetration in India.
AUTHOR:
DR. RAHUL WALAWALKAR
VP, CUSTOMIZED ENERGY SOL UTIONS &
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, IESA
E-MAIL: RAHUL@CES-­‐LTD.COM

CUSTOMIZED ENERGY SOLUTIONS INTRODUCES CIMPREHENSIVE MODELLING

SUITE - CES | COMETS)

CES has launched a new product offering known as CES | CoMETs, Competitive Market Evaluation Tools for
Storage. CoMETS is a suite of products that help technology and project developers evaluate and optimize energy
storage for various grid connected, as well as behind the meter, applications. CES assists our clients to enter and
capture opportunities in ever more complex markets with both standard and emerging technology resources. The
growth of intermittent renewable resources on the grid is creating unique opportunities for flexible generation and
the addition of flexible storage resources. The world of energy is on the edge of a new technological revolution.

Email Vinayak Walimbe (vwalimbe@ces-ltd.com) for more details or visit: www.ces-ltd.com

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10    
GUEST ARTICLE
Battery Energy Storage Systems ² A very viable alternative to backup
Diesel Generation  
 
Even though oil prices are falling, analysts predict that associated with buying grid connected electricity (approx.
the trend will not continue, meaning that for the 820 gCO2eq/kWh). And with current Feed in Tariffs for
foreseeable future, as Governments continue to reduce India in some cases being as low as INR5.75/kWh the
 
fuel subsidies, the price of diesel for back up Diesel cost variation compared to the landed cost of power
Generation will continue to be more expensive in relation purchased from the exchange is very small (approx.
to grid supplied electricity. Battery Energy Storage INR1/kWh).
Systems on the other hand now have proven technology
Considering the following parameters:
and operational performance, and as technology
develops are becoming more cost efficient. When
1MW Diesel Generator 5MWh Battery Energy
developing a business case and comparing all costs
Storage System
including: CapEx for purchase of Diesel Generators, OpEx
related to fuel purchase, O&M, transport, and in addition, CapEx CapEx
the costs of running the machines well below their 1MW Diesel Generator 5MWh Battery Energy
operational efficiency, Battery Energy Storage Systems Storage System
are becoming more interesting as a viable alternative. 1 fully battery change after
4000 cycles
India has serious pollution challenges in urban areas;; OpEx OpEx
therefore reducing local pollution is essential to avoiding ¶[· QR OLWUHV RI GLHVHOGD\ 5MWh electricity
long term serious health problems. Removing polluting + 10% Year on Year purchased/day + 5% Year
Diesel Generators from the local environment is one of increase in price. on Year increase in price.
the solutions. Battery Energy Storage Systems have Losses dependent upon 10% roundtrip Losses
almost zero impact in terms of local noise and air machine quality. O&M (visual inspection)
pollution. The graph opposite shows the cumulative Annual Maintenance
emissions (SOx, NOx, CO2 and matter particles) of a 1MW Contract (AMC) to ensure
Diesel Generator running for 5 hours per day, over the operational lifetime.
machines lifetime of 20 years and equates to approx Transport and handling
30,000 metric tonnes per year. costs (for large volumes of
diesel)
Total Cost over 20 years Total Cost over 20 years
Approx. INR 10,000 lakhs Approx INR 9000 lakhs

It can be seen from the table above, there are some cost
benefits over the life time of the 2 assets for
implementing a Battery Energy Storage System.

The current challenge however is that due to the higher

In addition, the Government of India recently announced
huge targets for increasing the installed capacity of
Renewable Energy to 100GW of solar and 60GW of wind
by 2022. Combining Battery Energy Storage Systems with
solar power to provide the charging energy would not only
help to eliminate local emissions but also emissions
Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info
capital investment required for the Battery Energy
Storage System, the cash flow scenario means that the
project does not become cash positive (as compared to
the DG) until 8 years, which is often too long for most
investors. Of course for utility assets this is less of a
problem as the cost can be socialised and revenue
realised over a much longer period.
The graph below shows the Net Present Value (NPV) for
investment in a Battery Energy Storage System compared
to investment in a Diesel Generator. However if the
 

11    
GUEST ARTICLE
storage system were to be co-located with renewable Indeed there are still some regulatory challenges to
energy such as solar power and there could be a case for overcome but overall, without too much change to
claiming tax benefits such as accelerated depreciation, existing frameworks, options for cost recovery and the
then the project would become cash positive much faster. business case for Battery Energy Storage Systems in
Further, the capital cost related to the storage system India are already looking very promising to be a very
currently refers to European prices only, with nothing viable alternative to backup Diesel Generation.
except site preparation being carried out in India, which
means considerable costs related to import duties and
transport, therefore maintaining the spirit of the current
WUHQG WR ¶0DNH LQ ,QGLD· LW VKRXOG EH H[SHFWHG WKDW WKLV
capital cost could be reduced considerably in the future.

SIESTORAGE by Siemens is a modular system that

secures a stable and reliable power supply. It integrates
The only remaining challenge related to cost is the issue renewable energy sources and optimises the usage of
of space. A 5MWh battery energy storage system requires fossil generation to a modern eco-friendly grid.
5 times more space that a 1MW Diesel Generator. If
SIESTORAGE combines cutting-edge power electronics for
lease of land has to be considered in the overall
grid applications and high-performance Li-ion batteries.
calculation for Battery Energy Storage Systems they once
The design of SIESTORAGE can be adapted to specific
again become economically unviable. However in India, in
demands, and enables a large field of applications for
many cases, developers are required to provide space for
utilities, industries, cities and infrastructure.
substations with zero cost leases. Considering that
Battery Energy Storage Systems could potentially replace
AUTHOR:
or defer investments for substations, then it seems BRIDGIT HARTLAND-JOHNSON
normal that Battery Energy Storage Systems be GM ACTIVE POWER SYSTEMS S/SE ASIA
categorised in the same way, thus solving this challenge. SIEMENS
Densely populated urban areas face other challenges in E-MAIL:
that space is extremely limited, therefore for Battery BRIDGIT.HARTLAND -­‐JOHNSON@SIEMENS.COM
Energy Storage Systems to become viable for urban
areas, building regulations would need to be reviewed to
potentially allow such systems to be installed in
underground spaces such a building basements.

Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info  

12    
STORAGE APPLICATIONS
&DOLIRUQLD«/HDGLQJWKH86$DQG:RUOGLQ(OHFWULF9HKLFOHV  
&DOLIRUQLD·V6LOLFRQ9DOOH\OHGWKHZD\IRUWKHLQIRUPDWLRQ
technology (IT) that transformed the way the world
transacts business and through internet revolution that
has changed the manner of social interaction (e.g.
Facebook, Twitter etc.). An equally revolutionary idea that
is making its way out of California is its adoption of
electric vehicles (EVs) and developing infrastructure and
policies to support EV adoption on a large scale. The
number of Plug-in-Electric- Vehicl es (PEVs) in California
is growing rapidly. According to a report by the National
Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), cumulative PEV
sales in California grew from 2011 to 2013 at nearly
51,000 vehicles, or slightly more than one-third of all
national PEV sales. Nearly 70 percent of global
investment in PEV-related sectors in the first half of 2011
was in California, and almost three-quarters of the U.S.
investment of almost $500 million in similar sectors was
in California. According the NREL report a moderate
batteries, much needed reduction in the battery costs etc.
So a snap shot of the current status of EV and associated
developments in California can shed some lights on what
it takes to transition from a petroleum based
transportation system to an electric transportation
system.
The genesis for interest in and increased pace of EV
adoption in California is attributable to rapid technology
development in battery technologies, need for reducing
fossil fuel dependency and air pollution, and government
policy initiatives. All three factors have to work in unison
to sustain and move towards an electric transportation
system.
At present the battery costs are the biggest barriers to
bringing down the cost of EVs. A car such as Chevy Volts
sells for $40,000. (There is a subsidy of $10,000
estimates is that there will more than 700,000 PEVs in
Southern California alone by 2022, suggesting that more
than 1 million PEVs could be on the road statewide within
10 years.
Electric Car Sales in California (CA) Compared to US Sales
The EV developments in California could be of interest in
countries like India and China where the rise in incomes
are leading to larger number of automobiles and
contributing to the air pollution. For India there is an
added reason to seek alternative to petroleum based
transportation. Every time a rupee is devalued against US
dollar or if there is political turmoil in a country like Iraq, it
results in the higher prices for petrol. However,
substituting electricity as a fuel requires efforts at
multiple fronts such as charging stations for EVs,
understanding the impact of increasing electricity
demand and consumption pattern, recycling of electric
Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info
13  
counting federal and stDWHWD[FRQFHVVLRQV&DU·VEDWWHU\
pack of 16 KWh with a limited range costs around
$8,000, which is about $500/kWh. Tesla, a California
based electric car manufacturer believes that the current
cost can be brought down to $300/kWh by mass
production of current battery technology and by adopting
some better manufacturing techniques. Industry
estimates are that the battery cost has to come down to
$200/kwh to bring in parity with fossil fuel options.
Lowering the battery cost does not take away the anxiety
of running out of the electric charge unless the electric
chargers are are easily available as a petrol pump. To get
over this problem TESLA, an EV manufacturer in
California, plans to have its own network of strategically
located charging stations in California. The state
government has also agreed to let a company called NRG
build 200 strategically located charging stations as part
of penalty settlement. Besides being ubiquitous and
strategically located, charging stations have to be fast
enough to charge a car in 15 to 30 minutes. This time is
still longer than filling up a tank of petrol, but still quick
enough for the time being. Of course, another option is
charging the EV at home at night when the car is in the
garage. That still does not take away the need for fast
charging stations at the public places or on the highways.
Fast charging stations present their own challenges.
Faster the charge rate, higher is the voltage. The faster
charging stations, compared to home charging stations,
require 240 volts to 480 volts. Also, when several cars
are plugged in the charging stations, they can really add
 
 
STORAGE APPLICATIONS
up to the electricity load. A Nissan Leaf car with 75 miles
or 120 kilometer range uses a 24 kWh battery. To charge
this in 2 hours will need a 12 kW outlet. Even if 10 cars
are plugged in at the same time at a public charging
station, you are adding a load of 120 kW at that site. That
means many locations have to augment the
infrastructure (wiring, relays, transformers) and then
provide for additional generation capacity and distribution
capacity if the charging station is located at a work place
or a shopping center. So there will be additional demand
charges that the charging station has to incur.
US utilities expect that that proliferation of electric cars
will add to their their electric loads. Following graphic
shows the projected impact of EVs on US utilities, with
California based utilities Pacific Gas & Electric and
Southern California Electric expecting the highest impact
in the next few years.
In the US the additional load from EV will not be evenly
distributed. Initially, more affluent neighborhoods that
can afford higher priced electric cars are likely to have a
higher concentration compared to sparsely populated
and less affluent neighborhoods.
One might wonder about the pay-off from all the extra
costs for batteries and electrical system upgrades. The
two main benefits are the lower costs of operating an
electric vehicle depending on the cost of electricity. For
Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info
14  
example if a Nissan Leaf with 24 kWh batteries gives 120
kilometers then the car delivers approximately 5
kilometer per kWh. If the electricity costs 12 cents/kWh,
the cost of operating the car is much cheaper than petrol
based car. The second benefit is of reducing air pollution
caused by the petrol based automobiles. There are some
broader national benefits such as less dependence on
imported petrol that result in saving foreign currency (if
petrol purchases are not in the US dollars) and positively
DIIHFWVDFRXQWU\·VEDODQFHRISDyment. Less dependence
on imported petrol may also provide some flexibility in a
FRXQWU\·V IRUHLJQ SROLF\ 7KH ODWWHU WZR PLJKW ZDUUDQW
government support for EV adoption in India.
The relevance of the above information in the Indian
context is twofold. One is to raise awareness that an
electric car use is changing from being a novelty to
becoming an everyday experience in California. However,
EVs still are a very small part of the automotive fleet in
California. The second goals is to shed light on the issues
associated with increase in an EV use such as the
infrastructure needed to support widespread EV use.
,Q ,QGLD·V FRQWH[W ZKHUH HOHFWULFLW\ DYDLODELOLW\ DQG
reliability are still major issues mass use of electric cars
may be years away. But a gradual transition towards such
a goal in not unrealistic because of the many advantages
cited above. Moreover, the driving patterns in India are
different and the batteries need not have a longer range,
thus a smaller (hence cheaper) battery might suffice.
Secondly, the stop-and-go driving that is quite common in
cities can help recover some energy by using regenerative
braking. Lastly, on need not start with electric
automobiles, but begin with electric scooters by adopting
some of the batteries and infrastructure for charging
electric scooters or even rickshaws.
AUTHOR:
PRAMOD KULKARNI
SENIOR CONSULTANT,
CUSTOMIZED ENERGY SO LUTIONS
E-MAIL: AMIRAJKAR@CES-LTD.COM
 
 
POLICY UPDATES
Government push for renewable Growth in India  
The Government of India is committed to providing 24x7
electricity supply to all households in the next 5 years.
The Government has tabled the Electricity Act, 2003,
Amendment Bill before the Parliament in last parliament
session. This amendment bill has some important
provisions like carriage and content separation to
introduce competition in distribution, rationalisation of
tariff determination for elimination of revenue gaps and
regular fuel adjustments, maintenance of grid security
by enforcing greater grid discipline and introduction of
ancillary services, making Regulatory Commissions more
accountable and greater emphasis on promotion of
renewable energy.
Smart Grid Vision and Roadmap has been brought in
place and a provision for initial capital outlay of US$14
billion for smart grid has been made. The Government
has also announced ambitious program to build 100
Smart Cities on a fast track mode and add 150 GW of
renewable energy (100 GW solar and 50 GW wind) by
2022.
To achieve renewables targets Government has initiated
a series of measures. Accelerated Depreciation benefit
for wind power has been restored in the Union Budget
2014 to give much needed relief to wind power
developers and to ensure ramp-up of production. The
Government has also undertaken to make India Solar
manufacturing hub with priority for domestic players.
Other major initiatives undertaken in RE sector are as
under:
™ Scheme for setting up 25 solar parks each with a
capacity of 500 MW and above and Ultra Mega Solar
Power Projects;; to be set up during five years. Central
Government will provide financial support of Rs 4050
crore.
™ Setting up over 300 MW of Grid-Connected and Off-
Grid Solar PV Power Projects by Defence
Establishments and Para Military Forces with Viability
Gap Fund (VGF) under JNNSM. To implement this
Scheme a provision of an amount of Rs 750 crore for
MNRE from the National Clean Energy Fund has been
earmarked.
™ Scheme for setting up 1000 MW of Grid Connected
Solar PV Power projects by CPSUs and GoI
organisations under various schemes with VGF
(Viability Gap Fund) support of Rs.1000 crore.
Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info
15  
™ Development of Grid Connected Solar PV Power
Plants on Canal Banks and Canal Tops to be
implemented during the 12th Plan period at an
estimated cost of Rs. 975 crore and with Central
Financial Assistance (CFA) of Rs. 228 crore.
™ Clean Energy Cess on coal increased from Rs 50 per
tonne to Rs 100 per tonne
™ Classification of Solar, Wind and Small Hydro
Projects be out of Red Category to Green Category.
™ Setting up a JVC for undertaking the First
Demonstration Offshore Wind Power Project in the
country.
The Government has also launched Deendayal
Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) with components
to separate agriculture and non-agriculture feeders
facilitating judicious rostering of supply to agricultural and
non-agricultural consumers in rural areas and
strengthening and augmentation of sub transmission and
distribution infrastructure in rural areas, including
metering of distribution
transformers/feeders/consumers. The estimated cost of
the scheme for above components is Rs.43,033 crore
which includes the requirement of budgetary support of
Rs.33,453 crore from Government of India over the entire
implementation period.
Another initiative launched to facilitate investment,
enhance skill development, build manufacturing
LQIUDVWUXFWXUHLV´0DNHLQ,QGLDµ5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\DQG
Thermal Power are part of the sectors coming under this
initiative. The Government is eliminating the unnecessary
laws and regulations, making bureaucratic processes
easier and shorter to make the system more transparent,
responsive and accountable. The major objective behind
this initiative is to focus upon the heavy industries and
public enterprises, generate employment and utilize
human resources present in India.
AUTHOR:
AVINASH MIRAJKAR
DIRECTOR, REGULATORY & POLICY
CUSTOMIZED ENERGY SO LUTIONS
E-MAIL: AMIRAJKAR@CES-LTD.COM
 
 
TECH SHOWCASE
A Modular Power Conditioning System for Energy Storage  
The right design provides scalability and flexibility for physically connecting to the grid and storage element,
as well as for protection, detection, power quality, and
As power grids across the globe continue to suffer from safety. Given that the PCS is usually operational 24/7,
the effects of high peak demands, instability, and the and in a range of potentially extreme environmental
unpredictable nature of newly added renewable sources, conditions, a good thermal management system is
more utilities are turning to energy storage systems as a required ² both for the inverters and for the ancillary
means to mitigate these issues. A critical component of components.
VXFKV\VWHPVLVWKH3RZHU&RQGLWLRQLQJ6\VWHPRU´3&6µ
The PCS is used in a variety of storage systems, and is Modular Approach
the intermediary device between the storage element,
typically large banks of batteries of various chemistries, Parker SSD has a unique PCS design, in which modularity
and the power grid. is taken to the
component level.
The PCS is a bidirectional power conversion device, Each of the three
enabling grid power to be converted to DC, charging the phases coming
batteries in a controlled manner, or enabling battery from the PCS
SRZHUWREH´LQYHUWHGµWR$&WRIHHGWKHJULG requires a pair of
IGBTs as shown in
the illustration. These IGBT pairs form the first element of
modularity. In this design, the IGBT pair, along with gate
drivers, onboard diagnostics, communications, and cold
plate heatsinks, are
Given the nature of the semiconductor devices that packaged in a compact
rapidly switch on and off to create alternating current, a rackable module. Each
big part of the design includes measures to reduce phase module is self-
harmonics, resulting in a pure sine wave output. The PCS contained and identical to
must be able to synchronize with the grid frequency and any other phase module in
zero crossings and provide a stable output ² appearing to the system. The phase module weighs under 40 pounds,
the grid to be a synchronous generator. It must be and is easily handled by one person without requiring
capable of a smooth mode transition when the system is ramps or rigging. One module is used for each phase, so
XVHG DV D SRZHU EDFNXS RU ´EODFN VWDUWµ V\VWHP $QG the modules are always used in multiples of three.
lastly, in many applications, the PCS must have the Depending on the power Phase  Module  ʹ  Front  View  
capability to control power factor by supplying the grid transfer rating required by
with the right amount of real or reactive power on the PCS, one, two, or three sets of identical phase
demand, over a wide range. modules can be used in parallel connection.

The heart of the PCS is one or more bidirectional grid-tie To support the phase modules, control module, and
inverters, containing an array of power semiconductors capacitor modules, a rack arrangement is used. The
called IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors), function of the rack is not
arranged for DC to AC conversion, capable of switching only to hold the phase
high power at high speeds. The inverters used are similar modules, but also to
to those used to harvest renewable energy from sources provide a self-contained
like solar fields, wind farms, and wave generators, and refrigerant cooling system
share a common pedigree with well-established high for all of the modules that
power industrial motor controls. Inside the inverter, the are installed. Power
power semiconductors are told when to switch on and off Phase  Module  ʹ  Rear  View  
connectors and
by sequenced gate drivers which are coordinated by an refrigerant connectors are located in the rear of the rack,
internal algorithm, driven by inputs from a supervisory and connections to both are made when the module is
system. Other items that comprise a PCS are responsible slid into the rack. The rack is designed so that the

Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info  

16    
TECH SHOWCASE
modules can be removed or installed through the front
cabinet door without the need to manipulate any power
wiring. By virtue of the
refrigerant cooling system,
one compact rack can
handle over a megawatt of
continuous power transfer.
Each phase module
includes no-leak refrigerant
connectors on the back,
along with power
connectors. Modules slide
in, and are tightened with
cap screws. Change-out
requires no removal of power wiring, compression lugs, or
access panels. The main benefit of the rack and module
design is that MTTR is under 10 minutes for module
replacement!
This megawatt power stack can be combined with
additional stacks to build multi-megawatt systems.
Parker Advanced Cooling
The modular PCS incorporates a unique and highly
efficient cooling system that was developed by Parker
Precision Cooling division. A major concern of any storage
installation is efficiency. Running 24/7, low efficiency can
mean wasted energy that could otherwise by sold, and
fractions of efficiency points can make a big difference
long term.
Traditional air cooling requires compressor-based air
conditioners and large air handlers, inherently not as
efficient as a cooling system could be. Comparing to an
air cooled system, pumped refrigerant at 0.3 gallons per
minute does the same job as 150 CFM of air. And since
each rack of modules has its own cooling system, there is
inherent system redundancy. A failure of one pump for
example, would not require a system shutdown.
Conventional liquid cooling is water-based, which is also
not an optimal solution. A substantial volume of chilled
water-glycol solution must be pumped through the
system, using substantial wattage. There are also
concerns about corrosion and the need for filters and
other maintenance items, and clearly a water leak inside
a cabinet full of live electrical componentry could spell
disaster.
3DUNHU·V DGYDQFHG FRROLQJ V\VWHP DGGUHVVHV DOO RI WKH
weaknesses of air and water cooling in that it is a low
Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info
17  
volume, non-compressor-based system that uses a
dielectric, non conductive fluid to take the maximum
amount of heat out of the PCS. R134a in a two phase
system removes 930 BTU per pound versus 1 BTU per
pound of water.
Cooling System Operation
R134A refrigerant in liquid state resides in an
accumulator, and is circulated by a constant
displacement pump, through a series of cold plates under
the IGBTs. As it passes through the cold plates, some of
the liquid changes state to vapor, absorbing a
tremendous amount of heat when the phase change
occurs. The vaporized refrigerant rises to a condenser
which also serves as a heat exchanger, while the
refrigerant that does not vaporize returns to the
accumulator. Cooled, the vapor condenses back to liquid
phase and is returned to an accumulator, where it
completes the cycle. Note that there is no compression
cycle, and the temperature of the refrigerant never goes
below the ambient, so condensation on critical
components is not an issue.
To get rid of the heat that is removed from the
semiconductors, two options can be provided. Refrigerant
to air or refrigerant to liquid heat exchangers located
outside the PCS cool the vaporized refrigerant, condense
it back to liquid state, and return it to the accumulator.
PCS Connectivity
A PCS contains more than the power semiconductors that
actually perform the power conversion. To interface safely
and securely with the grid and storage element,
switchgear and circuit protection are generally specified.
These can take the form of AC or DC contactors, circuit
breakers, fused disconnects, or a combination of these.
For power quality and reduction of harmonics, a tuned
filter, consisting of a combination of capacitors and
inductors is included.
Of great importance is a complement of monitoring
instrumentation. Sensitive localized temperature and
current detection can provide an early warning to the
system, allowing corrective action to be taken before a
potential failure occurs.
A standard communications backbone provides
amenities like SCADA control, remote access to operating
parameters via internet, and interface to the site dispatch
control.
 
 
TECH SHOWCASE
3DUNHU·V
modular
design
approach
places these
devices in AC
and DC side
cabinets
flanking the
power stack.
The end result
is a 1 to 1.5 megawatt functional section. By combining
additional sections, a full utility scale installation can be
assembled in short order.
Advantages of Modular Design
The design approach chosen by Parker carries many
benefits, the two most valuable including scalability and
system redundancy. Scalability allows for the expansion
of a base system for future state conditions. In some
cases, a small trial system has been installed, which is
easily expanded once the concept is demonstrated and
proven. In others, availability of funding has dictated
building in stages. And with the dramatic increase
expected in renewable sources over the next decade, and
the corresponding increased requirement for stability and
VAR support, the capability to add capacity will be a given.
System redundancy ensures maximum uptime and
revenue to the user. By virtue of the modular design, one
or more sections can be taken off line for maintenance
while the system continues to operate. For example, in a
typical 4 MW container installation, one 1 MW section
can be isolated while 3 MW is still available.
Packaging for Site Deployment
When it comes to packaging the individual megawatt
class modules that make up a PCS, there are basically
two different schools of thought.
An ISO shipping container is one option that has been
used in many existing installations. The advantages
include standardized shape and size for initial
deployment or later relocation, and ease of
transportability. Up to 4 megawatts of capacity will
comfortably fit in a 20 foot container, with transformers
Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info
18  
typically located outboard. The container approach allows
´ZDON-LQµ SHUVRQQHO DFFHVV IRU PDLQWHQDQFH RU VHUYLFH
and also acts as a shelter from the elements.
$QRWKHU RSWLRQ LV D FXVWRP ´3&6 3RZHUKRXVHµ GHVLJQ
which is all inclusive and compact. This design generally
includes multiple exterior access panels, allowing for easy
inspection and maintenance, while presenting a smaller
footprint relative to power capacity.
Reliability and Longevity
An energy storage system only produces revenue for its
user when it is on line and providing its intended function,
whether that is frequency regulation, VAR support, power
backup, or arbitrage. Lessons learned during the design
and development process are always crucial to the
release of a reliable final installation. A structured DFMEA
(Design Failure Mode Effects Analysis) plan is critical,
even with proven sub-systems, and can save a lot of time
and energy at product release. Accelerated life testing is
invaluable, especially with a system that is to operate for
10, 15 years or longer.
Real-time temperature monitoring at crucial points inside
the PCS can provide pre-emptive notification of thermal
issues. A holistic approach to climate control is
necessary, including all critical components ² both inside
the inverter and including other current handling devices
as well.
Finally, details of site location, commissioning, and wiring
practices can make or break a successful installation. A
site location must allow for proper access to entry doors
and panels, and for ventilation. A level and rigid mounting
VXUIDFH LV YHU\ LPSRUWDQW $QG PDQXIDFWXUHU·V
instructions regarding grounding and other external
connections should be meticulously followed. Installed
and maintained in accordance with the directions
provided will ensure years of profitable operation.
AUTHOR:
LOUIS LAMBRUSCHI
PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION
ENERGY GRID TIE DIVI SION
9225 FORSYTH PARK DR.
CHARLOTTE, NC 28273
INFO.US.EGT@PARKER.COM
 
 
  

Energy Storage News  

MOP WILL BANK ON STORAGE TO PROVIDE ELECTRICITY TO RURAL INDIA: MR. PIYUSH
GOYAL, ENERGY MINISTER, INDIA

The power ministry will bank on storage facilities to options. We are trying to see how we can address the
SURYLGH HOHFWULFLW\ WR UXUDO ,QGLD *R\DO VDLG ´:H ZLOO QXFOHDUOLDELOLW\UHVWULFWLRQVµ
ensure that solar power generation would touch 100
JLJDZDWW*:E\µ
India will not adopt a technology discarded by the
Western countries even if it is clean energy, till we are
convinced about its viability and safety, Piyush Goyal,
minister for power, coal and renewable energy, said here
on Thursday. +H DOVR UHLWHUDWHG WKH JRYHUQPHQW·V
commitment to provide electricity to every household in
India by 2019.
UndeUOLQLQJ WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI QXFOHDU HQHUJ\ LQ ,QGLD·V
energy basket, Prime Minister Narendra Modi had asked
scientists from the Department of Atomic Energy in July
WKLV\HDUWRHQVXUHWKDW,QGLD·VQXFOHDUSRZHUFDSDFLW\LV
tripled from the current 5,780 megawatt (MW) by 2023-
24 and within the allocated budget.
The power ministry will bank on storage facilities to
SURYLGH HOHFWULFLW\ WR UXUDO ,QGLD *R\DO VDLG ´:H ZLOO
ensure that solar power generation would touch 100
´7KLV JRYHUQPHQW ZRXOG OLNH WR EH FDXWLRXV WKDW ZH DUH
not being saddled with something only under the garb of
clean energy or alternate energy;; something which the
:HVWKDVGLVFDUGHGDQGLVVRXJKWWREHEURXJKWWR,QGLDµ
Goyal said at the India Economic Summit organised by
the World Economic Forum and the Confederation of
Indian Industry.
Adding that the government is looking at all options on
QXFOHDU HQHUJ\ *R\DO VDLG ´1XFOHDU KDV SRWHQWLDO DQG
opportunities for India. This government is considering all
ENERGY STORAGE COUNCIL LAUNCHED IN AUSTR ALIA
India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) Partnered with newly
launched Australian Energy Storage Council for Energy
storage India (ESI) Conference
 A new peak body for the energy storage sector in
Australia has been
established under the
aegis of the Australian
Solar Council, with the goal of ensuring the local industry
keeps pace with international developments.
John Grimes, CEO of the Australian Solar Council, will also
serve as CEO of the Energy Storage Council, whose role
will complement that of the renewable energy body
behind its founding.
The launch of the Energy Storage Council by the
Australian Solar Council is apt given the immense
Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info
19  
JLJDZDWW*:E\«SLORWSURMHFWVKDve been set up
to ensure that every house in tribal and remote area gets
HOHFWULFLW\«ZHZLOOXVHODUJHSRZHUVWRUDJHWHFKQRORJLHV
WRSURYLGHSRZHUµ
The minister said that the power sector is likely to attract
an investment of $250 billion (Rs 15 lakh crore) over the
next five years in transmission and distribution, allaying
EDQNV· IHDUV WKDW ´HIIRUWV DUH RQ WR LPSURYH WKH
EDQNDELOLW\RISURMHFWVµ
importance of energy storage technologies to the
deployment of renewable energy.
Because solar and wind power facilities are dependent
upon often fickle weather conditions to generate
electricity, enhanced storage technologies are needed to
KHOSVDYHHQHUJ\IRUXVDJHZKHQWKHVXQLVQ·WVKLQLQJRU
the air remains at a standstill.
Grimes nonetheless sees the new industry body as
playing far more than just an ancillary support role for the
Australian Solar Council and the industry it represents.
´7KHWLPHLVULJKWIRUWKLVRUJDQLVDWLRQWREHGHYHORSHGLQ
its own right and it will be guided by its membership and
the needs of the energy storage sector beyond solar
DSSOLFDWLRQVµKHVDLG
 
 
  

Energy Storage News  

´(QHUJ\VWRUDJHEULQJVH[FLWLQJQHZRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUWKH energy utilities remains abreast of the latest

energy industry and energy consumers. Deployed wisely it technological developments.
can significantly bring down electricity cost and make the
electricity network more robust, flexible and reliable. ´,W LV LPSRUWDQW WKDW HQHUJ\ XWLOLWLHV HQJDJH ZLWK HQHUJ\
VWRUDJHVRRQHUUDWKHUWKDQODWHUµ*ULPHVVDLG´7RRRIWHQ
µ7KH$XVWUDOLDQ(QHUJ\6WRUDJH&RXQFLOVHHVWKHFUHDWLRQ the energy sector ignores emerging technology trends
of industry standards and protocols for incorporating DQGLVEOLQGVLGHGZKHQWKH\DUHGHSOR\HGZLGHO\µ
energy storage into the grid as one of its vital roles at the
outset, as part of efforts to ensure that the Australian More About Australian Energy Storage Council:
http://www.energystorage.org.au/

CITIGROUP PREDICTS 240GW ENERGY STORAGE MARKET BY 2030

put on conventional forms of generation had brought

VWRUDJH WR WKH ´IRUHIURQW RI UHFHQW GLVFXVVLRQVµ RQ WKH
future of energy markets.

The biggest factor standing in the way of the widespread

adoption of storage technologies has so far been cost.
But Citi said it foresaw a scenario in which storage follows
the same path that some renewable energy types,
particularly solar, had taken in recent years, in which
falling costs lead to increased deployment, leading to
further cost reductions.

Citi estimated that a reduction in storage costs to

US$230/MWh ² something it said was possible within 7-
8 years ² combined with solar generation would make
self-FRQVXPSWLRQ ´ILQDQFLDOO\ DWWUDFWLYHµ LQ D QXPEHU RI
developed countries.

This in turn could lead to a further reduction in costs to

around US$150/MWh, which would eliminate the need
Battery storage in conjunction with renewable energy and for subsidies, Citi said.
smart grid systems is set for huge growth, Citigroup
Utlimately, the improving performance and costs of
predicts. Image: Australian Storage Council.
battery storage should eventually enable households and
Investment bank Citigroup is predicting a 240GW global EXVLQHVVHV WR EHFRPH ´VHOI-VXIILFLHQWµ LQ Hlectricity
battery storage market worth US$400 billion by 2030 as generation, Citigroup said.
LQFUHDVHGGHSOR\PHQWFUHDWHVD´YLUWXRXVFLUFOHµRIIDOOLQJ
However, the firm said it did not subscribe to the idea
costs.
WKDWWKLVZRXOGOHDGWRWKH´GHDWKRIWKHXWLOLW\µ
In a report, 'Dealing with Divergence' on global
´:H VHH ZLQQHUV LH UHJXODWHG XWLOLWLHV ZKR ZLOO HDUQ D
investment trends for 2015, Citi said it saw battery
fair return on what they spend including transmission and
storage in conjunction with renewable energy systems
distribution wire related expenditures, which will increase
DQG VPDUW JULGV DV WKH ´WKLUG GULYHUµ RI GHPDQG IRU
as more renewables are built) and losers (i.e. certain
rechargeable batteries after consumer electronics and
unregulated/hybrid utilities whose outlook is predicated
electric vehicles. Citi said the rapid growth in renewable
primarily on the economic dispatch of power generating
energy deployment and the pressures that had started to
DVVHWV«µWKHUHSRUWVaid.

Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info  

20    

Energy Storage News
PANASONIC TO START ACID BATTERY MANUFACTURING IN INDIA
Panasonic will start an automotive acid battery factory in
India and is exploring more domestic manufacturing
opportunity under the Make in India campaign. The
Indian arm contributes a mere 2% of global revenue, but
the Japanese major is turning eyes on the Indian market,
even on enterprise segment which is a booming for
Panasonic globally, said Manish Sharma, managing
director, India and South Asia.
Last year the company entered into a joint venture with
Uno Minda for a battery factory, which would become
operational in September, he said.
In addition to this, Sharma said that there were further
opportunities to make in refrigerators, where demand
today outstrips supply, and in the energy spaces.
Panasonic will look for opportunities to tie-up with India
partners for more such factories, he said. "We are looking
at some business models that will be capital intensive
and Japan is willing to support," said Sharma.
The Indian arm is expected to clock 30% revenue growth
each year till 2018, he said. The contribution from sales
JAPAN MULLING $800 M ILLION STIMULUS FOR BATTERY STORAGE AND EFFICIENCY
The Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry
(METI) is considering a proposal for a stimulus package
that would allocate ¥93 billion (about $779 million) to
support installations of energy storage systems by
industrial, commercial, and residential customers, as well
as a variety of energy efficiency measures, according to a
report in Bloomberg.
The METI proposal, which is not yet final, would be
included in a supplementary budget measure for the year
ending March 31. The budget still needs to be approved
by the Japanese parliament. The amount would dwarf the
$300 million allocated for storage initiatives last year.
Japan has made a big push to increase its solar
photovoltaic (PV) capacity in recent years³its cumulative
total at the end of 2014 was around 20 GW³a drive that
KDV FDXVHG PDMRU KHDGDFKHV IRU WKH FRXQWU\·V XWLOLWLHV
Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info
21  
 
to enterprises over the next three years is likely to double,
and boost growth, primarily in the areas of energy storage
and security.
Just last week, the company launched a video monitoring
service, sold for a monthly subscription rather than lump
sums for equipment. The solution run in association with
Reliance Communications will connect cameras to an
intelligence system that can help businesses analyze
consumer trends apart from security monitoring.
Globally business to business sales contribute 72% of
Panasonic's sales. The Indian arm is picking relevant
solution to sell to enterprises."We have grown 12 times
our size since 2009, but the base was small. Going
forward we will look at a 30% CAGR."
Sharma believes that sale of consumer goods will
become commoditized. Products that have intelligence
and are connected via the Internet will mark the future
success and premium on products.
Thereafter Panasonic will look at partners that will help a
quicker and wider go to market strategy for Panasonic's
solutions, said Sharma
Part of the problem is that interconnections between
individual utility grids are limited, which handicaps their
ability to balance supply and demand nationwide.
Last year, five of the utilities refused to sign further solar
power purchase agreements because of regulations that
did not allow them to curtail output from small (<500 kW)
PV systems. METI resolved the impasse in December by
introducing a new rule allowing curtailments if production
exceeds the transmission capacity of the utility grid.
METI has supported several grid-scale storage initiatives
in the past, including a 15-MW, 60-MWh redox-flow
battery system in Hokkaido due to come online this year,
but this would be a major increase in support for
distributed storage resources. Adding such small-scale
storage could help reduce the need for curtailments.
 
 

Energy Storage News
TERRA MOTORS UNVEILS ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELER FOR INDIA
Panasonic will start an automotive acid battery factory in
India and is exploring more domestic manufacturing
opportunity under the Make in India campaign. The
Indian arm contributes a mere 2% of global revenue, but
the Japanese major is turning eyes on the Indian market,
even on enterprise segment which is a booming for
Panasonic globally, said Manish Sharma, managing
director, India and South Asia.
Last year the company entered into a joint venture with
Uno Minda for a battery factory, which would become
operational in September, he said.
In addition to this, Sharma said that there were further
opportunities to make in refrigerators, where demand
today outstrips supply, and in the energy spaces.
Panasonic will look for opportunities to tie-up with India
partners for more such factories, he said. "We are looking
at some business models that will be capital intensive
and Japan is willing to support," said Sharma.
The Indian arm is expected to clock 30% revenue growth
each year till 2018, he said. The contribution from sales
US COMMITS $4 BN FOR INDIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR
US Trade and Development Agency has decided to
leverage a $2-bn loan to RE projects.In one of the biggest
deals for the growing renewable energy (RE) sector in
India, US federal agencies have committed a total of $4
billion for both projects and equipment sourcing.
Officials close to the developments at the 'US-India
Business Summit' said three US government agencies
made separate commitments to pump money in the
sector.
US Trade and Development Agency has decided to
leverage a $2-bn loan to RE projects. The US Overseas
Private Investment Corporation will lend $1 bn to clean
energy projects in India.
And, in a deal which saw its inception during Prime
Minister Narendra Modi's visit to the US last year, the US
Exim Bankwill agree to $1 bn lending in a month's time,
said the officials. Aiming to finance RE project developers
Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info
22  
 
to enterprises over the next three years is likely to double,
and boost growth, primarily in the areas of energy storage
and security.
Just last week, the company launched a video monitoring
service, sold for a monthly subscription rather than lump
sums for equipment. The solution run in association with
Reliance Communications will connect cameras to an
intelligence system that can help businesses analyze
consumer trends apart from security monitoring.
Globally business to business sales contribute 72% of
Panasonic's sales. The Indian arm is picking relevant
solution to sell to enterprises."We have grown 12 times
our size since 2009, but the base was small. Going
forward we will look at a 30% CAGR."
Sharma believes that sale of consumer goods will
become commoditized. Products that have intelligence
and are connected via the Internet will mark the future
success and premium on products.Thereafter Panasonic
will look at partners that will help a quicker and wider go
to market strategy for Panasonic's solutions, said Sharma
in India sourcing components from the US, the Indian
Renewable Energy Development Agency and US Exim
Bank signed an agreement to finance such projects over
a period of 18 years in September 2014. The Exim Bank
would finalise the deal next month, after a visit by its
officials.
"The US President emphasised that all their agencies
would work together for more investment in RE and
bilateral ties," said an Indian government official.
The government here had recently revised the targets for
solar and wind energy capacity addition. The former was
revised to 100,000 Mw by 2020 and the latter to 10,000
Mw annually. The government would also push domestic
manufacturing in RE under its 'Make in India' programme.
Wind energy turbines in the country are mostly
domestically sourced but 70 per cent of the country's
solar energy capacity is based on imported content,
mostly from China and the US.
 
 
   ESI 2014  
Energy Storage India 2014 Concludes With Broad Consensus on
Opportunities for Storage to Address Development Goals, Drive Energy
Transformation and Manufacturing Growth  
Outlook is positive and opportunities abound in fast-
growing market
The 2nd annual Energy Storage India Conference and
Expo, hosted by the India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA)
from December 3-5, 2014, in New Delhi, was a
successful event that brought together more than 500
industry professionals and 65 speakers from 15+
countries. It was the largest such gathering ever held in
India, and highlighted the many opportunities available in
a fast-growing market.
Energy Storage India 2014 was attended by a diverse,
business-focused group that included utilities,
developers, energy storage OEMs, solution providers,
Government of India ministries, regulatory and policy
officials, commercial/industrial end users, and other
industry stakeholders.
India. ESI 2014 demonstrated the progress India has
made over the past 12 months in creating a solid
ecosystem for advanced energy storage, with the country
poised to become a global hub for technology deployment
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broad cross-section of industry stakeholders came
together to agree on the need for storage to meet various
development goals for India. We also heard commitments
from policy makers to develop policy framework, from
R&D groups on the potential for cutting-edge research
and from companies on setting up everything from
incubation centers to full-scale manufacturing plants for
advanced storage."
The conference began on December 3rd with three
workshops covering key topics (Energy Storage 101,
Power Quality, Micro-JULGV DQG D SDUDOOHO ´,5(1$
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workshop. Subjects covered in workshops and the
conference program included the full range of battery
technologies, as well as other forms of energy storage
including pumped hydro, compressed air and thermal.

In addition, the event focused on opportunities for

advanced storage solutions in India including renewable
integration, rural electrification, micro-grids, smart cities,
utility and industrial applications, and transportation.
Other sessions covered financing models, project
development, incentives and subsidies, and
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that generated significant interest among delegates.

Some of the highlights brought out during the conference

include:

x The energy storage market in India is expected to

grow to an aggregate capacity of between 15 to 20
GW by 2020.
 
x Massive expansion of renewable energy installations
Dr. Rahul Walawalkar, Executive Director of IESA, states: over the next five years in India will drive the need for
"We expect the next five years will see a dramatic energy storage to manage variations in renewable
transformation towards decentralized energy solutions in energy and maintain grid stability.

 Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info  

23    
   ESI 2014  
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deployment program aimed at increasing urban grid
reliability and accessibility and that can be supported
by energy storage.
x Actions being taken by the Modi government should
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energy storage industry.
x Ongoing innovations in energy storage technologies
will lead to cost reductions over the next 5-10 years.
ESI is grateful to its supporters, sponsors, exhibitors and
partners for their support and contributions in making
this year's event a success. These include the Ministry of
New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) as Principal
Supporter;; Siemens as Gold Sponsor;; AMCO SAFT,
Dassault Systems, Ecoult, Exide, Sun Edison and S&C as
Silver sponsors;; and Aquion Energy, Hitachi Chemical,
Hosen Corp and Regen Powertech as exhibitors, as well
as 30+ key industry partners and 27 media partners.
 Emerging  Technology  News  |  Volume  2,  Issue  1  |  Jan-­‐Mar  2015    www.indiaesa.info
24  
About Energy Storage India
Energy Storage India (ESI) is the leading conference and
expo addressing the need for energy storage and micro-
grid solutions in India. ESI is the first energy storage
conference and exhibition in the country to focus
exclusively on applications, customers and deal making.
It provides a first-class networking event to drive energy
storage market expansion in profitable applications ²
highlighting the synergies, interrelationships and new
business opportunities for transmission, distribution,
customer-sited, micro-grids/campuses and mobility
applications.
3rd edition of ESI will be held in New Delhi from Dec 7 th -
9th 2015. Energy Storage India is part of the World of
Energy Storage event group, including Energy Storage
Europe from March 9-11, 2015, in Düsseldorf;; Energy
Storage China from June 3-4, 2015, in Beijing;; Energy
Storage North America from October 13-15, 2015, in San
Diego, California, and Energy Storage Summit Japan on
November 12, 2015, in Tokyo.For more information on
ENERGY STORAGE INDIA, see www.esiexpo.in
 
 
ENERGY
STORAGE
INDIA

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