GENERAL

SCIENCE 1
with Ma'am Thyn
Nebular Hypothesis
German philosopher "Immanuel Kant"
Revised by a mathematician "Laplace"

Theory:
1. Everything is made from NEBULA CLOUDS
2. Stars form way before planets come to
existence
Sun
Our Sun is a 4.5 billion-
year-old star – a hot
glowing ball of hydrogen
and helium at the center
of our solar system.
about 93 million miles
(150 million kilometers)
from Earth
Sun
Sunspot - dark, planet-sized
regions that appear on the
"surface" of the Sun.
Sunspots are caused by
disturbances in the Sun's
magnetic field welling up to
the photosphere, the Sun's
visible "surface".
Corona - the outermost part
of the Sun's atmosphere
Sun
Solar winds
- a plasma, a stream of
charged particles (ions and
electrons) which are
continuously escaping
from the Sun into the
interplanetary medium
Eclipses
 Moon
Earth's only natural satellite.

Average distance from Earth: 238,855 miles (384,400 km)

Perigee (closest approach to Earth): 225,700 miles (363,300 km)
Apogee (farthest distance from Earth): 252,000 miles (405,500 km)
Orbit circumference: 1,499,618.58 miles (2,413,402 km)
Mean orbit velocity: 2,287 mph (3,680.5 kph)
 Moon
The moon's gravity pulls at the Earth, causing
predictable rises and falls in sea levels known as tides.

High tides refer to water bulging up from Earth's surface

Low tides when water levels drop.
Wildlife Conservation
It is the practice of protecting plant and animal
species and their habitats.
The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure the
survival of these species, and to educate people
on living sustainably with other species.
Types of Rocks
1. Sedimentary Rocks
2. Metamorphic Rocks
3. Igneous Rocks
1. Sedimentary Rocks
formed from pieces of other existing rock
or organic material

Three types of sedimentary rocks:

1. Clastic Sedimentary
2. Organic Sedimentary
3. Chemical Sedimentary
1. Sedimentary Rocks

Weathering is the breakdown of rocks

at the Earth's surface, by the action of
rainwater, extremes of temperature,
and biological activity
 coal

sandstone

limestone
2. Metamorphic Rocks
rocks that have been changed from their
original form by immense heat or pressure
 marble

granite

Quartzite
3. Igneous Rocks
formed when molten hot material cools and
solidifies.

a. Intrusive or Plutonic igneous rocks –

formed inside the earth

Granite, Diorite, Obsidian

3. Igneous Rocks
b. Extrusive or Volcanic igneous rock –
formed outside or on top of Earth’s
Crust

Basalt, Tuff, Pumice

3. Igneous Rocks
b. Extrusive or Volcanic igneous rock –
formed outside or on top of Earth’s
Crust

Basalt, Tuff, Pumice

Volcanism
the eruption of molten rock from
inside the Earth to the surface.
Volcanism occurs because of
Earth's internal heat, and is
associated with tectonic processes
and a part of the rock cycle.
Types of Soil:
Sandy soil
Sandy soils are those
that are generally coarse
textured until 50 cm
depth and consequently
retain few nutrients and
have a low water holding
capacity.
Silt Soil
Silt is a solid, dust-like
sediment that water, ice,
and wind transport and
deposit. Silt is made up
of rock and mineral
particles that are larger
than clay but smaller
than sand.
Clay Soil
Clay soil is comprised of
very fine mineral
particles and not much
organic material. The
resulting soil is quite
sticky since there is not
much space between the
mineral particles, and it
does not drain well at all.
Loamy Soil
Loamy soil is made with a
balance of the three
main types of soil: sand,
silt, and clay soil. As a
general rule, loam soil
should consist of equal
parts of all three soil
types.
Classifications
of Tropical
Cyclones:
 maximum
windspeed

TROPICAL DEPRESSION: 62 kph

TROPICAL STORM: 62 to 88 kph
SEVERE TROPICAL STORM: 87 to 117 kph
TYPHOON: 118 to 184 kph
SUPER TYPHOON: 185 kph or more
BIOLOGY
 Types of
Ecological
Relationships

1. Predation: One Wins, One Loses

behavior of one animal feeding on another

example: Tiger eats the Deer

2. Competition: The Double Negative

when two or more organisms rely on

the same environmental resource

example: Lions and Cheetahs

3. Mutualism: Everyone Wins

a symbiotic relationship where both

organisms benefit

example: Aphids and ants

4. Commensalism: A Positive/Zero
Interaction

a symbiotic relationship where one organism

benefits and one does not benefit but is unharmed

example: a bird making a

nest in a tree
 5. Parasitism

a symbiotic relationship where one organism

benefits and one is harmed

example: COVID-19 virus

 6. Symbiosis
the close relationship of two dissimilar organisms

example: Lactobacillus and humans

 How animals are classified:

Carolus Linnaeus, the father of

Taxonomy created a system for
naming, ranking, and classifying
organism, the taxonomy. Linnaeus’
hierarchical system of classification
includes seven levels. They are, from
largest to smallest, kingdom, phylum,
class, order, family, genus, and
species.

Plants

Angiosperms, which are flowering plants, are the largest and

most diverse group within the kingdom Plantae. They are the
main source of food for all animals on earth including humans.
Plants
Gymnosperms are a smaller, more
ancient group, and it consists of
plants that produce “naked seeds”
(seeds that are not protected by a
fruit).

Question: Where does

strawberry belong?
 RULES FOR
SIGNIFICANT
FIGURES

1. All non-zero numbers ARE significant

2. Zeros between two non-zero digits ARE significant
3. Leading zeros are NOT significant.
4. Trailing zeros to the right of the decimal ARE significant
5. Trailing zeros in a whole number with the decimal shown
ARE significant
6. Trailing zeros in a whole number with no decimal shown
are NOT significant.
7. Exact numbers have an INFINITE number of significant
figures
8. For a number in scientific notation: N x 10x, all digits
comprising N ARE significant by the first 6 rules; "10" and
"x" are NOT significant.
 Balance the ff equations:
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
 Balance the ff equations:
1.
4 1 2
2. 2 5 2
3. 2 3 1 6
4. 2 1 1 2
5. 1 1 1 1
THANK YOU!
xoxo: Ma'am Thyn