Department of Education

Region V
Naga City Science High School
Balatas, Naga City

DETAILED LESSON PLAN

Subject Science 9 (Earth and Space) Date February 28, 2023

Topic Energy from Volcanoes
The learners demonstrate an understanding of volcanoes
Content Standards found in the Philippines.

Performance Standards

S9ES -IIIb28 Explain what happens when volcanoes erupt;

Learning Competencies S9ES –IIIcd-29 Illustrate how energy from volcanoes may be
tapped for human use.

At the end of the discussion, at least 85% the learners will be

Learning Objectives able to:
a. Explain what geothermal energy is and how it works;
b. determine the impacts of volcanic energy to the
people in the locality; and
c. familiarize different geothermal powerplants located
in the locality.
Teacher’s Guide Pages 10 - 11
References Science Learner’s Material Pages 19 - 22

Teaching-Learning Strategies Learner-centered approach; Inquiry-based learning

Integration Across the Curriculum Roles of Electric Cooperatives (e.g. CASURECO) in Energy distribution in Bicol.
Roles of authorities during volcanic eruptions.

Teacher’s Activities Learners’ Activities

ELICIT: 5 minutes

Good morning, class! Good morning, Sir!

Who’s the prayer leader today?

Ask the prayer leader to lead the prayer. One student will lead the prayer

Check the attendance.

Ask two volunteers to give a recap of the

previous discussions about volcanic eruptions. Last meeting, we have discussed about the different types of
volcanic eruptions including Hawaiian, Plinian, Pelean,
Strombolian, Vulcanian, Icelandic, Phreatic, and
Phreatomagmatic volcanic eruptions.
Okay. Thank you for that, very good.

Which among the 8 types of volcanic eruption

is the strongest or the most violent? The most explosive type of eruption is Plinian.

Very good. Plinian volcanic eruptions are very

violent, right? Remember the most recent
eruption of Mt. Pinatubo? It is an example of a
Plinian volcanic eruption.

Now that we know the different types of

volcanic eruption, what can you say about the Volcanoes possess great energy from within. A single volcanic
energy that volcanoes possess? eruption can bring about big changes and damage to the
people living in the vicinity of an active volcano.

Yes, exactly. In the previous discussions we

have established the fact that volcanoes are
indeed deserving of its descriptors; giants,
powerful, and destructive.

But is that all about volcanic energy? We will

know as we go on with our discussion. But
before that, let me present to you our
objectives first.

Present the learning objectives.

ENGAGE and EXPLORE: 15 minutes

To remind you of how great volcanic energy is,

I want you to watch this video.

Play “Alisto: BULKANG TAAL, NAG-

ALBUROTO!” GMA News.

Youtube link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=boB7QU
BtOa4&t=66s

Who can describe what happened in

the news reports? I saw from the video how destructive a volcanic eruption is.
Due to the eruption of Taal volcano, a lot of homes became
buried in ash and other pyroclastic materials. Also, the people
in the locality lost their livelihood and the saddest thing that
happened is that a lot of people and animals died in an
instant.

Very good observation. What is shown in the

video is the destructive potential of an active
volcano like taal. Once it erupts, not just us,
humans but also our livestock/ animals were
affected by this.

Any other observations? Pay particular

attention to the roles of the authorities.
The roles of authorities are very important especially in the
safety of the people in the locality. The authorities are in
charge of monitoring of the eruptions and they are also the
ones that make necessary interventions before, during and
after the eruptions to keep the people safe.

Very good! That is correct, authorities have a

huge role in keeping people safe especially
during a volcanic eruption.

Now, do you think that is all about volcanoes?

Is it always destruction and damage?
No. Even before the volcanic eruption happened, people have
been benefiting from the volcano already. A lot of people
have been given jobs. An example are those people who own
the horses that bring/tour tourists around Taal volcano.

That’s correct. Volcanoes give people in the

locality jobs. Another advantage that we can
benefit from volcanic energy is through
geothermal powerplants. For you to have an
idea about geothermal powerplants, I want
you to watch this next video.

Play “Geothermal Energy in the Philippines”.

Youtube link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBQcIxuJ
_wQ

Based on the video. What can you say about

the use of geothermal energy in the
Philippines? Geothermal powerplants are already used in the Philippines.
Also, the Philippines is one of the few countries in the world
to have access to the world’s geothermal reserves.

Very good! In fact, the Philippines is top 3

among the few countries in the world that are
rich in geothermal energy. According to the
Department of Energy, 14.4% of the country’s
total power generation is produced from
geothermal energy. The production of
electricity from geothermal energy is cheaper
than the electricity production using natural
gas, coal, and hydropower.
Why do you think is geothermal energy
abundant in the Philippines? Geothermal energy is abundant in the Philippines because we
are in the Pacific ring of fire. There are a lot of active
volcanoes found in the Philippines.

Very good! Now, we already established the

fact that the Philippines is very rich in
geothermal reserves since we are located in
the pacific ring of fire.

But what really is geothermal energy?

EXPLAIN: 20 minutes

Geothermal energy.

The word Geothermal came from the Greek

words “Geo” which means and “Therme”
which means heat. So, geothermal means heat
from the Earth.

It is believed that the Earth is incredibly hot

from within because of the molten material/
magma beneath the Earth’s surface. Now,
geothermal energy is formed when magma
heats the surrounding ground water.

Examples of geothermal energy is shown in

the picture. Familiar? No?

How about this?

This is a hot spring from Tiwi, Albay.

Now, that we know what geothermal energy
is. We are down to the next question; how do
we harness this energy?

We have 2 ways to harness geothermal

energy. One is through Geothermal heat
pumps and second is through geothermal
powerplants.

Let us start with the simpler way of harnessing

geothermal energy; through geothermal heat
pumps. Take a look at the picture.

Based on the illustration. How do you think

heat pumps work? Pay particular attention to
the house on the left. As we can see, the
house is in a cold environment. How do you
think does heat pump help the house in any
way?
Based on the picture, I think heat pumps work by pumping hot
water or steam underground and brings it inside the house.
This causes the house to warm up.

Geothermal Heat pumps removes heat from

the fluid in the earth connection, concentrates
it, and then transfer it to the building.

How about the more complex way of

harnessing energy; geothermal powerplants?

Now, how do you think geothermal

powerplants work? Remember, you don’t
need to discuss each step one by one yet as
we are going through them later on. Just an
overview of the process. How do you think Geothermal powerplants work by using steam/ hot water
geothermal powerplants work? from underground and use them to spin turbines and
generate electricity.

Very good! Now, before we proceed, can you

identify the different between a geothermal Geothermal heat pumps are only used to heat up or to warm
heat pump and a powerplant? houses while geothermal powerplants generate electricity
using the heat of the earth.

Correct! Heat pumps only generate heat while

powerplants generate electricity.

Let us proceed to how exactly does

geothermal powerplants generate electricity.

Power plants are built in an area where it is

particularly hot just below the surface such as
near a group of geysers, hot springs, or
volcanic activity. The following steps are
followed to generate electricity in a
geothermal power plant:

1. Wells are drilled deep into the Earth

to pump steam or hot water to the
surface.
2. When the water reaches the surface,
the drop in pressure causes the water
to turn into steam.
3. The steam spins a turbine, which is
connected to a generator that
produces electricity.

Recalling your lessons in physics, the spinning

turbine creates a mechanical force then the
generator converts this mechanical force to
electricity.

Can you follow? Okay, let us proceed.

4. The fourth stage or station in a

geothermal powerplant is the cooling
tower. Cooling tower cools the steam
which it condenses back to water.
5. The cooled water is pumped back into
the Earth to begin the process again.

Any questions? None, sir.

None? Okay let’s explain the process again,

but this time using a different illustration.
link:
http://www.digtheheat.com/geothermal/flash_power_plant.html

Anyone? Who can explain or describe how a

A geothermal powerplant uses heat from within the Earth to
geothermal powerplant generates electricity?
generate electricity. The first step is to drill a hole on the
earth’s crust to pump hot water or steam. Then, the steam
was used to spin the turbines that is attached to the
generator. The generator generates electricity. Lastly, the
steam is then condensed back to being liquid water in the
cooling tower. The cooled water is now pumped back into the
Earth.

Exactly! Very good.

So, geothermal powerplants are said to be a

sustainable/ renewable source of energy.
Considering the process of generating
Based on the process discussed a while ago, the hot water/
electricity through a geothermal powerplant,
steam that has been pumped from the earth is being
what do you think is the reason why
condensed after using and it is pumped back to the earth.
geothermal energy is considered to be
Also, there are minimal waste in the process because the hot
renewable?
water is returned to the earth.

Excellent insight! In the process of generating

electricity, there are no waste products that
are produced. In addition to this, the steam
that comes out of the Earth will not diminish in
time.

Kahit pa mag Ice age ulit tayo, the

inner part of the earth will still be hot.

So, if we compare geothermal energy to other

types of energy like that of the coal and other
fossil fuels, geothermal energy is renewable. Geothermal energy is renewable unlike coal and fossil fuels,
How about coal and fossils? we only have a limited deposits of it on earth and it will come
to a time when these deposits will run out.

Exactly!

Do understand now how geothermal energy is Yes, sir!

tapped for human use?

Okay, that is good to hear. Now that we know

how exactly geothermal energy is used for our
advantage, let us talk about the roles of
different companies when it comes to energy/
electricity generated by a volcano.

ELABORATE:

Do you know that we also have a working

geothermal powerplant here in Bicol?

Do you know where it is located? The geothermal powerplant is located in Albay.

Yes, very good. The only geothermal

powerplant here in Bicol is located at Tiwi,
Albay.

Tiwi is the third largest geothermal facility in

the Philippines with 275 megawatts of
installed generating capacity. Since
commercial operations began in 1979 and up
until December 2002, Tiwi and the Makiling
Banahaw (Mak-Ban) geothermal operations
have combined to produce 88,500 Gigawatt
hours (GWH) in gross cumulative generation.

This translates to lighting up hundreds of

households.

Now, we have already mentioned that

geothermal energy is one of the cheapest
types of energy. Considering that we have an
operational geothermal powerplant in Bicol,
why is it that our electric bills remain high?

This is where CASURECO and other electric

cooperatives come to play. Yes, the Tiwi
geothermal powerplant is the one that
creates/ generates electricity, it is CASURECO
that distributes it. So, considering other
charges that CASURECO puts on top of the
prices of the actual electricity produced by the
powerplants, it would really become a bit
expensive.

Aside from this, what other reasons do you

think causes the high prices of our electricity? Monopoly, Sir!

Yes, very good! What is monopoly? We only have one electric cooperative in Camarines Sur that
distributes electricity that is why they can somehow control
the prices.

Yes! Very good. Since there are no other

distributors in the market, CASURECO controls
the prices as much.

I will not discuss monopoly further as it will be

discussed in details in your Araling panlipunan
classes.

So, do you have any questions? Clarifications?

None, sir.

EVALUATE:

Okay. I know it has already been announced by

Ma’am Erica that we will be having our Yes.
summative test on our next meeting, right?

Okay. So, I want you to study for our coming

summative test covering the topics we
discussed since day 1 until today.
EXTEND:

I will not be giving assignments for today’s

session aside from study our past lessons
about volcanoes. Understood?

Ask if the students have questions or

clarifications.

If there are no more questions. That’s all for

today. Good bye, class.

Prepared by:

MARC LYNDON G. MORESCA

Teacher Intern

Noted by:

GENALYN A. NAZARENO
Cooperating Teacher