Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Third Quarter
Copyright © 2020
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Regional Office No. 02 (Cagayan Valley)
Regional Government Center, Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, 3500
“No copy of this material shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However,
prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary
for exploitation of such work for profit.”
This material has been developed for the implementation of K to 12 Curriculum through the
Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). It can be reproduced for educational
purposes and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an
edited version, an enhancement of supplementary work are permitted provided all original works
are acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this material for
commercial purposes and profit.
Consultants:
Regional Director : BENJAMIN D. PARAGAS PhD, CESO V, DepEd R02
Assistant Regional Director : JESSIE L. AMIN EdD, CESO V, DepEd R02
Schools Division Superintendent : FLORDELIZA C. GECOBE PhD, CESO V, SDO Quirino
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent : CHERYL R. RAMIRO PhD, SDO Quirino
Chief Education Supervisor, CLMD : OCTAVIO V. CABASAG PhD, DepEd R02
Chief Education Supervisor, CID : JORGE G. SADDUL, SR.
Development Team:
Writers: JESSIE JOHN B. SAGUN, REGIE BOY B. GATTADIW, SUNRISE L. BUSTAMANTE,
CRISTINA N. DACUMOS, RONALYN V. PERHILLANA, MAXIMA L. ALLAGA, PETERSON T.
APOSTOL
Content Editor: GLORIA A. BACANI, PhD, Education Program Supervisor- SCIENCE, SDO Quirino
SHAILA B. TANGLOD, MT 1, Maddela Comprehensive High School, SDO Quirino
DOLORES A. TUGUINAY, Alicia Integrated School, SDO Quirino
NERLISA J. DOMINGCIL, Ifugao Village Integrated School, SDO Quirino
JENNIFER T. TOLENTINO, Divisoria Sur Integrated School, SDO Quirino
MERLITA QUIMING, Nagtipunan National High School, SDO Quirino
FIDES PASCUAL, Saguday National High School, SDO Quirino
Language Editor: SHERLY C. CAINGUITAN PhD, Education Program Supervisor - English, SDO Quirino
FE G. BUCCAHAN PhD, Education Program Supervisor -Filipino, SDO Quirino
Illustrators: RONALYN D. MELCHOR, Cabarrouguis Central School Integrated SPED Center SDO Quirino
GREGORIA Z. ITLIONG, Diffun Central School Integrated SPED Center, SDO Quirino
Layout Artist: RICHELLE ANN L. DELA CRUZ, Maddela Comprehensive High School, SDO Quirino
Focal Persons: GLORIA A. BACANI, PhD, Education Program Supervisor- SCIENCE, SDO Quirino
RONALD T. BERGADO, PDO II- LRMS, SDO- Quirino
ESTER T. GRAMAJE, Education Program Supervisor- SCIENCE, DepEd R02
RIZALINO G. CARONAN, Education Program Supervisor–LRMDS, CLMD, DepEd R02
Classification of volcanoes
There are some ways by which volcanoes can be classified. According to the system
adapted by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), volcanoes can
be classified as active or inactive.
2. Inactive volcanoes are those that have not erupted for the last 10, 000 years and their
physical form is being changed by agents of weathering and erosion through formation
of deep and long gullies.
1. Phreatic or hydrothermal - is a
stream-driven eruption as the hot
rocks come in contact with water. It
is short lived, characterized by ash
columns but may be an onset of a
larger eruption. Taal Volcano in
Batangas exhibits this type of
eruption.
https://www.ibtimes.com/taal-volcano-eruption-ashfall-coverage-
reaches-cities-300kms-away-volcanic-tsunami-2901092
2. Phreatomagmatic - is a violent
eruption due to the contact between
water and magma. As a result, a large
column of very fine ash and high-
speed and sideway emission of
pyroclastics called base surges are
observed.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/517280707175781966/
https://sites.google.com/site/geol567irazuvolcano/home/hazards
https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/633037291346786932/
https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/the-shadow-of-
pinatubo-a-philippine-timeline.385500/
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruption. (Quarter 3, Week 1) S9ES-
IIIa-27
Directions: Using the table below, find and encircle the listed 10 most famous and largest
volcanoes around the world. Answers appear to be straight across, up and down, and diagonally.
Q W E R T Y U I O P A S D F G H J K L
M Z X C V A N M N B V C X Z M K J Q F
Q A M N B R C X Z A S D F G A J O U U
A Q U B I E F G T Y H V S V E L C P J
Z G L N L N F S K E Q T I B L H M A I
W B N U A A H T O W Q C G L I C W E O
S N G U Y L A V R C A T B K F D Y P P
X S H J V R O I A T B S S J E T N A G
E J J L M E O A R A Y A W L L Q T V L
D O O V I E A P T B Q X Z C L N D R Y
K I L I M A N J A R O Q I C A K D H Y
R M R L V R W L P O C X P Z Y D O X P
F O D M J A E Q Q M A G F E L P Z C V
V Z J M U O P O P O C A T E P E T L P
T B G F R K N N D Q C F A L D T B O A
G C P Z M W O X W N I E C B I R V U R
B S S T H E L E N S S B J I V H I C G
Y Q N U J M I K N L O P M A Y O N F V
Activity 2: VOLCANO-LOGY
Directions: Read each statement carefully. Write the correct word/words that is/are being described
in the statement. Use the space provided before the item number for your answer.
1. This refers to the opening in the Earth’s crust that allows molten rock from beneath
the crust to reach the surface.
2. This pertains to the molten material formed at depth and oozes up beneath the
Earth’s surface.
3. The molten material that erupts and flows out from the volcano.
4. This refers to the volcanoes that erupted 10, 000 years ago based on the analyses
of their material.
5. A volcano can be classified as if it has no record of eruption for the
last 10, 000 years.
6. This type of volcanic eruption exhibits excessively explosive type of eruption of
gases and pyroclastics.
7. A type of volcanic eruption that results to the formation of a large column of very
fine ash and high-speed and sideway emission of pyroclastics.
8. This eruption style is characterized by tall eruption columns as exhibited by the
Paricutin Volcano in Mexico.
9. This volcanic eruption is known for having a periodic weak to violent eruption
characterized by fountain lava.
10. This volcanic eruption is known as stream-driven eruption due to the contact of
hot rocks and water.
Directions: Based on the pictures, give five descriptions of a volcano. Present your answer in a
concept map as shown below.
https://thepointsguy.com/2017/11/10-active-volcanoes-to-see-in-your- https://slideplayer.com/slide/14007131/
lifetime/
Directions: Using the figures below, identify and describe the type of eruption shown in every
photo.
1.
https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/photos/strombolian_eruptions/ima
ge98.html
https://www.dw.com/en/new-zealand-volcano-police-wind-down-
search-for-last-missing-victims/a-51715995
3.
http://brennen.caltech.edu/world/volcano.htm
4.
https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/krakatau/news/71210/Krakatau-
volcano-Indonesia-vulcanian-explosions-field-report-13-19-Oct-2018.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TANSDvIrGNw
Directions: Using different colors, plot the location of the following volcanoes in the Philippine
map. Use the assigned colors for the volcanoes as indicated below the table.
Number of Latest
Volcano Latitude Longitude historical eruption or
eruptions activity
Cabaluyan 15°42ʹ 120°19ʹ 0 -
Cocoro 10°53ʹ 121°12ʹ 0 -
Iraya 20°29ʹ 122°01ʹ 1 1454
Kanlaon 10°24ʹ 123°7ʹ 26 2006 June
Mayon 13°15ʹ 123°41ʹ 50 2018 January
Pulung 7°55ʹ 124°38ʹ 0 -
Smith 19°32ʹ 121°55ʹ 6 1924
Taal 14° 120°59ʹ 34 2020 January
Tamburok 11°33ʹ 124°26ʹ 0 -
Urot 5°59ʹ 121°15ʹ 0 -
https://dochub.com/eveliasadullo/Noek8bMwxZ3e02Kl7d2qmO/m2-unit-2-g8
Note: Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 11
REFLECTION
Admin, G. A. (2020, June 2). Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) - Complete Files.
Retrieved May 29, 2020, from GuroAko: http://guroako.com/2020/06/02/most-essential-
learning-competencies-melcs-complete-files/
Brennen, C. E. (1999, July 30). Brennen Caltech Edu. Retrieved July 9, 2020, from Adventures
Around the World: http://brennen.caltech.edu/world/volcano.htm
DW. (2019, December 18). DW. Retrieved July 8, 2020, from News: New Zealand volcano:
Police wind down search for last missing victims: https://www.dw.com/en/new-zealand-
volcano-police-wind-down-search-for-last-missing-victims/a-51715995
Eduardo, A. (n.d.). Pinterest. Retrieved July 7, 2020, from Michoacan: Paricutin Volcano:
https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/633037291346786932/
Irazu Volcano, C. R. (n.d.). Irazu Volcano, Costa Rica. Retrieved July 7, 2020, from Hazards:
Risk to Local Population:
https://sites.google.com/site/geol567irazuvolcano/home/hazards
Kasumigenx. (2016, April 5). Alternatehistory. Retrieved July 7, 2020, from Forums: The
Shadow of Pinatubo - A Philippine Timeline:
https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/the-shadow-of-pinatubo-a-philippine-
timeline.385500/
Park, M. Y. (2017, November 28). The Points Guy. Retrieved July 8, 2020, from News: 10
Active Volcanoes to See in Your Lifetime: https://thepointsguy.com/2017/11/10-active-
volcanoes-to-see-in-your-lifetime/
Pfeiffer, T. (2018, October 20). Volcano Discovery. Retrieved July 9, 2020, from Krakatau
volcano news & eruption updates: Krakatau volcano (Indonesia): Vulcanian explosion -
field report 13-19 Oct 2018:
https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/krakatau/news/71210/Krakatau-volcano-Indonesia-
vulcanian-explosions-field-report-13-19-Oct-2018.html
Note: Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 13
Pfeiffer, T. (n.d.). Volcano Discovery. Retrieved July 9, 2020, from Volcano photos by feature:
Strombolian eruptions:
https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/photos/strombolian_eruptions/image98.html
Reliefweb. (2020, May 19). Reliefweb. Retrieved July 6, 2020, from Updates: Philippines: Taal
Volcano Erution DREF n MDRPH039 OPeration update n2:
https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippines-taal-volcano-eruption-dref-n-
mdrph039-operation-update-n-2
Villasanta, A. (2020, January 12). International Bussiness Times. Retrieved July 6, 2020, from
World: Taal Volcano Eruption: Ashfall Coverage Reaches Cities 300 kms Away,
Volcanic Tsunami Feared: https://www.ibtimes.com/taal-volcano-eruption-ashfall-
coverage-reaches-cities-300kms-away-volcanic-tsunami-2901092
ANSWER KEY
Activity 2: VOLCANO-LOGY
Directions: Choose the correct word/words to complete the analogy
Activity 3: VOLCABULARY
Directions: Read each statement carefully. Write the correct word/words that is/are being described
in the statement. Use the space provided before the item number for your answer.
_Volcano_ 1. This refers to the opening in the Earth’s crust that allows molten rock from beneath
the crust to reach the surface.
_Magma_ 2. This pertains to the molten material formed at depth and oozes up beneath the Earth’s
surface.
_Lava _3. The molten material that erupts and flows out from the volcano.
_Active volcanoes_ 4. This refers to the volcanoes that erupted 10, 000 years ago based on the
analyses of their material.
_Inactive_ 5. A volcano can be classified as if it has no record of eruption for the last
10, 000 years.
_Plinian_ 6. This type of volcanic eruption exhibits excessively explosive type of eruption of
gases and pyroclastics.
_Phreatomagmatic_ 7. A type of volcanic eruption that results to the formation of a large column
of very fine ash and high-speed and sideway emission of pyroclastics.
_Vulcanian_ 8. This eruption style is characterized by tall eruption columns as exhibited by the
Paricutin Volcano in Mexico.
_Strombolian_ 9. This volcanic eruption is known for having a periodic weak to violent eruption
characterized by fountain lava.
_Phreatic or hydrothermal_ 10. This volcanic eruption is known as stream-driven eruption due
to the contact of hot rocks and water.
Note: Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 15
Activity 4: VOLCANO CONCEPT MAP
Directions: Based on the pictures, give five descriptions of a volcano. Present your answer in a
concept map as shown below. (Possible answers)
https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/photos/strombolian_eruptions/ima
ge98.html
https://www.dw.com/en/new-zealand-volcano-police-wind-down-
search-for-last-missing-victims/a-51715995
http://brennen.caltech.edu/world/volcano.htm
https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/krakatau/news/71210/Krakatau-
volcano-Indonesia-vulcanian-explosions-field-report-13-19-Oct-2018.html
5. Phreatomagmatic – a volcanic
eruption that has a violent eruption
as the magma come in contact with
water.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TANSDvIrGNw
2. Which of the volcanoes had the greatest number of eruptions? Least number of eruptions?
No record of eruption?
Answer: Mayon, volcano has the most number of eruptions while Iraya has the least number of
eruptions. The volcanoes that have no record of eruption are Cabaluyan, Cocoro, Pulung,
Tamburok, and Urot
5. In your own words, differentiate an active volcano from an inactive one. (Answers may
vary)
Possible answer: Active volcanoes are those that have records of eruption or have erupted recently
while inactive volcanoes are those that show no record of eruption.
Checked by:
NERLISA J. DOMINGCIL
DQAT, Member
JENNIFER T. TOLENTINO
DQAT, Member
Reviewed by:
Background of Information:
Philippines is known to be one of the countries located in the Pacific Ring of Fire. It has
300 volcanoes and 22 of these are active while the larger number remains dormant. Last January,
one of the most visited volcanoes in the Philippines called Taal Volcano located in Batangas erupted
that causes an impact to the people, animals and agricultural crops of the said area. Volcanoes
erupt when lava and gas are discharged from a volcanic vent. High temperature in the Earth’s
interior exerts great pressure on the molten rocks. The pressure generated inside the Earth causes
molten materials called magma to come out of the volcano. Volcanoes eruption are capable of
creating 2 types of hazard which are direct and indirect hazard.
2 TYPES OF HAZARD CAUSED BY VOLCANIC ERUPTION
1. Direct Hazard
• Phreatic Explosions- it generates ballistics and ash clouds
• Ballistics- particles that came out from the volcano’s vent during the explosion.
• Volcanic Gases- sulphur, carbon dioxide, argon and helium that mixed with the air.
• Fallout- magma and rock fragments transported into the atmosphere through the
eruption clouds.
• Pyroclastic Density Currents- magma and rock fragments deposited in mass (which
can be “dilute” or “dense”). Descending the sides of the volcano.
• Lahars- Slurry of pyro clasts rock debris, and water that originates on the slopes of
volcanoes during eruptive activity.
• Lava Flows- a mixture of molten and semi- molten rock that has been expelled in
the Earth’s interior.
• 2WDebris Avalanches- a mass of rock fragments and soil that collapse when
volcanoes erupt.
• Floods- steam flows triggered by heavy rainfall and other post eruption effect.
2. Indirect Hazard
• Earthquakes- it is the sudden shaking of the surface of the Earth.
• Tsunamis- Giant waves generated by the sudden displacement of water caused by
volcanic eruption.
EARTHQUAKES TSUNAMI
https://www.google.com/search?q https://www.google.com/search?q=ts
=earthquake+clipart&tbm unami+clipart&tbm
https://www.google.com/search?q=at
mospheric+effects+of+volcanic+erupti
on&tbm https://www.google.com/search?q=cl
imate+effects+clipart&tbm
https://www.google.com/search?q=ai
https://www.google.com/search?q=d rcraft+engines+encounters+with+a+v
rought%20clipart&tbm olcanic+ash&tbm
9 3
10
Across Down
1. Volcanic products like magma and rock 6. It is the explosive disruption that generates
fragments that fall into the sides of the ash clouds.
volcano 7. It is the long-term average of weather usually
2. This includes sulfur, nitrogen, argon, helium affected by aerosols due to volcanic
and carbon dioxide injected into the air eruption.
during explosion. 8. Usually experienced by the communities
3. Loss of livestock or crops as an effect of a near the bodies of water.
volcanic eruption. 9. A kind of transportation that may encounter
4. It happens when a volcano erupts. Sudden silicate ash that can cause accident.
movement of the surface of the Earth mostly 10. It is a non-fragmental magma comes out of
experience by the communities near the the volcano.
volcano.
5. It is a mudflow of pyroclastic materials that
flows down from a volcano.
Note: Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 25
Activity 2
SHOW it thru EMOJI!
Directions: Read each statement carefully and react on it using an emoji. Draw a smiling
emoji if the statement is TRUE and sad emoji if the statement is FALSE.
1. Slurry of volcanic fragments usually happens during the volcanic eruption.
2. Floods happens after the volcanic explosion.
3. Volcanic eruptions often cause temporary food shortage and long-term loss of
agricultural productivity of farm lands.
4. Fragmented magma is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock.
5. Ash particles and gases entering the atmosphere have no atmospheric effects.
6. Seismic shocks of magnitudes usually greater than 5 can cause earthquakes.
7. Ash ingestion can improve jet’s engine.
8. Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis is a kind of disease caused by the
inhalation of fine silicate or quartz dust.
9. Since magma is lighter than the solid rock around it, magma rises and collects in
magma chambers.
10. The latest volcanic eruption in the Philippines is the Taal explosion.
Reactions Statements
P Y R O C L A S T
H L S
R I U
E M N
A G A S A
T A T F A M I N E
I I E I
C R
C L
E A R T H Q U A K E
A V
F L A H A R
T
Activity 2
Activity 3
1. TRUE 6. TRUE
1. SAFE 6. SAFE
2. TRUE 7. FALSE
2. SAFE 7. SAFE
3. TRUE 8. TRUE
3. DANGER 8. SAFE
4. FALSE 9. TRUE
4. DANGER 9. SAFE
5. FALSE 10. TRUE
5. DANGER 10. DANGER
Prepared by:
REGIE BOY B. GATTADIW
Writer
Checked by:
MERLITA M. QUIMING
JENNIFER T. TOLENTINO
DQAT, Member
DQAT, Member
Reviewed by: GLORIA A. BACANI, PhD.
EPS-SCIENCE
Illustrate how energy from volcanoes may be tapped for human use
Learning Competency:
Illustrate how energy from volcanoes maybe tapped for human use. (Quarter 3, Week 3)
S9ES-IIIc-d-29
Directions: From the given choices in a box, use this cyclic organizer to describe how energy is
transformed to generate electricity in a geothermal power plant.
The steam spins a Cooling tower cools When the water reaches
turbine, which is the steam which it the surface, the drop in
connected to a generator condenses back to pressure causes the water
that produces electricity. water. to turn into steams.
Direction: Use this template to relate the lesson learned into an object.
FORCED ANALOGY
Activity 3:
SKETCH TO STRETCH
Directions: Make an illustration or drawing on how energy from volcanoes may be tapped for human
consumption.
Example: Many homes make use of geothermal energy as their source of electricity to directly heat
their houses. Tunnels are dug underground vertically or horizontally and use geothermal power to bring
home temperature to earth temperature; it helps to go below or above temperature either cooled or
heated.
Activity 4
CHUNKING THE DATA
Directions: Use this template to summarize what have you learned in this lesson.
Important Term Important Concepts/Ideas
I enjoyed most on
References:
• https://www.google.com/search?q=labeled+geothermal+energy+diagram&tbm=isch&hl=
• https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/geothermal energy/
• www.deped-click.com/2020/05/most-essential-learning
• K to 12 Curriculum Guide, Department of Education, DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue,
Pasig City. August, 2016.
• Alvarez et al, Science 9 Learner’s Module, DepEd MICS, FEP Printing Corporation,
Pasig City, Philippines 2014, pp. 176-177.
Answer Key:
Activity 1: Cyclic Mapping
FORCED ANALOGY
(SOURCE: https://www.google.com/search?q=SIMPLE%20GEOTHERMAL%20ENERGY)
Reviewed by:
GLORIA A. BACANI, PhD
EPS-SCIENCE
Learning Competency:
Explain how different factors affect the climate of an area (Quarter 3, Week5) S9ES-IIIe-30
Directions: Climate Changes with Latitude. Places located at high latitudes (far from the equator)
receive less sunlight than places at low latitudes (close to the equator). Study the figure below and
answer the following questions.
Mid Cold
Warm
Tropic of High
Capricorn
Source: Pinterest.com
Remember:
The latitude of an area is its distance north or south of the equator. In general, the temperature of an area
depends on its latitude. Latitudes closer to the poles tend to have colder climates. Latitude affects
temperature because latitude determines how much direct solar energy an area gets.
ACTIVITY 2A
Altitude and Climate
Directions: Read an analyze the text below and answer the question that follows.
Altitude is also one of the factors affecting the climate of a certain place. Air temperature
decreases as the altitude increases. It is because the air molecules are less compacted to each other,
resulting to a less dense air. Lighter air cannot absorb much heat, making temperature lower.
3000 meters- 10 0C
ACTIVITY 2B
DIFFERENT PLACES IN THE PHILIPPINES AND THEIR ANNUAL AVERAGE
TEMPERATURE
Directions: Study the table below and answer the following questions.
Name of place Elevation above sea level (m) Annual average temperature ( 0C)
Loag 20 27.3
Manila 10 27.7
Tacloban 20 29.4
Remember:
There are many factors affecting the Earth’s climate. Two of them are latitude and altitude. Sun’s
rays strikes based on the latitude of a certain area. Areas near poles receives less solar energy
hence, lower temperature is absorbed while areas near equator receives much energy hence,
experience higher temperatures. Altitude also plays an important factor in the climate of a certain
place. Generally, the temperature decreases as the altitude increases. It is because the air density
in a higher altitude decreases, because the air molecules are far away in each other.
Directions: Read and analyze the text below and answer the questions that follow.
The climate of a place is influenced by the bodies of water. Soil absorbs heat faster than
water. At the same time, soil releases heat faster compared to water. These slow absorption and
release of heat by the body of water greatly affect the climate. Places that are near the oceans have
moderate climate as the body of water regulates the temperature. Even as both soil and water
absorb the same amount of heat, the temperature of water rises more slowly than that of soil.
Because soil heats up faster than water, air temperature above the sea is lower than above the
ground during day time. Warm air thus moves out from land to sea, slowing down the rise of air
temperature above land. Thus, places without a body of water nearby tend to have higher air
temperature during day time.
At night, soil cools down faster than water, so the air temperature above ground is lower than that
above the sea. Warn air then flows from the sea to land, so the drop in air temperature above ground
is moderated. Places that are far from the bodies of water have extreme climates, as there are no
immediate bodies of water that will help to circulate the movement of cold and warm air. The
reason why the temperature of water rises or falls more slowly than soil is that water has higher
heat capacity. Because of this, water also absorbs more heat in warm days and slowly releases it
in cold days. That is why during summer, areas that are near a body of water will have moderate
temperature because water absorbs more heat. Similarly, during winter, surrounding water slowly
releases heat causing the cooling effect to become lesser than normal in the normal landmass.
1. How does a body of water regulate the temperature of a certain region/ country?
2. Why do some areas that are far from bodies of water have extreme climate?
Closure/Reflection:
I learned that
I enjoyed most on
Answer Key:
Activity 1
1. Equatorial part receives the greatest light and solar energy.
2. Areas near poles absorb lower solar energy or light.
3. Places near poles receives lower solar energy resulting to lower temperature and colder
climate.
4. Places on the equator receives more and direct solar energy resulting to high temperature
and warmer climate.
5. Places found on longer latitude like in the equators have warmer climate while places found
in shorter equator like near poles have colder climate.
6. Different parts of the Earth receive smaller or larger amounts of the Sun’s energy (at
specific times and over longer periods of time), depending on their location and the time of year.
Therefore, the differences result in variations in temperature, amount of precipitation, and other
aspects of seasonal change, which then create different ecosystems
Activity 2b
Activity 3
1. Water absorbs and releases heat more slowly so the areas near the seas or oceans have
moderate climate.
2. Areas that are far from bodies of water have warmer climate because there is no
surrounding water that absorbs the heat resulting to a higher temperature in the land.
Activity 4
1. Continental air mass is found over land.
2. Maritime air mass is found on seas, oceans and marine environments.
3. Continental air masses bring warmer weather and climate and marine air masses brings
cooler weather and climate.
References:
K-12 Learners’ Module for G9 Science
https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-air-masses-their-effect-on-weather.html
https://www.google.com/how+latitude+affects+climate
https://www.tes.com/lessons/Y6DZ4rBUQpz5NA/factors-affecting-climate
https://learning-in-action.williams.edu/education-outreach
Checked by:
DOLORES A. TUGUINAY
Prepared by:
DQAT, Member
RONALYN V. PERHILIANA
Writer JENNIFER T. TOLENTINO
DQAT, Member
Reviewed by:
GLORIA A. BACANI, PhD.
EPS-SCIENCE
Note: Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 50
SCIENCE 9
Quarter 3- MELC 5
So, how does climate change happen? Normally, sunlight enters the earth’s atmosphere, bounces
off the earth, and then is absorbed back into space. But because of pollution something else is happening
called the greenhouse effect where the earth’s atmosphere is filling up with pollution and trapping the
sunlight from leaving into space. All of this trapped sunlight in the atmosphere raises the earth’s temperature
and causes climate change.
Two of the main causes of pollution are the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Fossil fuels
are materials like coal, oil, and natural gas that people use to run machines like microwaves, cars, and
airplanes. When we use these machines fossil fuels burn and this makes pollution. Deforestation causes
pollution to build up because trees naturally remove carbon dioxide, a major type of pollution, from the air
and when trees are cut down they cannot do this anymore.
Ohioenvironmentalblog.com
Natural Sources
Man-made Sources
Some of the activities of man also produce greenhouse gases.
https://www.pinterest.ph
teacherspayteachers.com
Note: Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 54
El Nino and La Nina
El Nino and La Nina are complex weather patterns resulting from variations in ocean
temperatures in the equatorial Pacific. Warmer or colder than the average temperatures in one part of the
world can influence weather around the globe.
El Nino and La Nina are opposite phases of what is known as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation
(ENSO) cycle. ENSO cycle is a scientific term that describes the fluctuation in temperature between the
ocean and the atmosphere in the east-central Equatorial Pacific (approximately between the International
Date Line and 120 degrees west).
La Nina is sometimes referred to as cold phase of ENSO and El Nino as the warm phase. El Nino
and La Nina episodes typically last nine (9) to twelve (12) months, but some prolonged events may last for
years. While their frequency can be quite irregular, El Nino and La Nina events occur on average every two
to seven years. Typically, El Nino occurs more frequently than La Nina.
https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-is-el-nino
Learning Competencies:
Describe certain climatic phenomena that occur in global level (Quarter 3, Week 6-7)
S9ES-IIIf-31
1. Mountain glacier a) a period of time during which the weather is much hotter than
usual.
2. Polar ice cap b) when the average level of the seas gets higher with respect to
the land.
5. Wildfire e) when a species of plan or animal dies; ex. No longer has any
living member
6. Rising sea level f) a long period of time during which no rain falls
8. Coastal flooding h) when an area near the sea is covered by large amount of
seawater
i) fire that starts in a wild area such as forest and spreads rapidly
9. Climate change causing great damage
Directions:
1. Study the diagram on the greenhouse effect.
2. Answer the given questions.
Materials:
Diagram of the greenhouse effect
Paper
Pen
2. Describe the direction of the arrows that comes directly from the sun.
3. Why do you think some arrows did not return back to the atmosphere?
ACTIVITY 4
CLIMATE CHANGE
Directions: Study the pictures below and answer the questions given. Then answer the questions
that follow:
A B
1. Where does the term El Niño come from and what does it mean?
2. The term El Niño now refers to both a coupled oceanic and atmospheric phenomenon. This
phenomenon is characterized by what four things (summarize in your own words)
5. How often to El Niño events occur and how long do they generally last?
6. What are the effects of El Niño in California and across the southern states?
8. What is the effect of El Niño on both Pacific hurricanes (Typhoons) and Atlantic hurricanes?
9. What are the effects of La Niña during winter in Central North America?
11. What does TAO stand for? 12. What is the primary climate indicator of El Niño events?
Closure/Reflection:
I learned that
I enjoyed most on
References:
• Science 9 Learners Module
• Science 8 Learners Module
• ENSO-Elnino
• https://www.nws.noa.gov/com
• https://study.com
• https://www.climate.gov/enso
• www.cpalms.org
• http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures/climate/El_NinoPublic.pdf
• gettyimages.com/photos/Philippines
• www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia
• Aidr.drought-lesson-plan-pdf
• Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation.
Activity 2
1. C 6. B
2. G 7. J
3. A 8. H
4. F 9. D
5. I 10. E
Activity 4
Show which constellations may be observed at different times of the year using models
When we look at the sky during night time, we see pinpoint of lights scattered above, these
are called stars. Sometimes the stars are group together and this is called constellation. The
International Astronautical Union (IAU) divides the sky into 88 official constellations with exact
boundaries, so that every place in the sky belongs within a constellation. Of these, 48 were already
recognized in ancient times and had been listed by the astronomer Ptolemy. These 48 constellations
were named based on Greek and Roman mythology. The brightest constellation is Crux (the
Southern Cross). The constellation with the greatest number of visible stars in it is Centaurus (the
Centaur- with 101 stars). The largest constellation is Hydra (The Water Snake) which is extends
over 3.158% of the sky. The star patterns that have been discovered but have not been officially
identified as constellation are asterism. The most famous example of asterism is the Big Dipper,
a constellation that is quite common as it was even featured on the Alaskan state flag. The reason
why it is not considered a true constellation is because it is a part of a larger constellation called
Ursa Major (The Great Bear), Little Dipper (a part in Ursa Minor), Keystone (in Hercules), and
the Pleiades (in Taurus).
1. Aquarius
It is from Latin word which means
“Water Carrier” or “Cup Carrier”. Best
viewed in October. While one of the biggest,
most famous, and oldest named
constellations, Aquarius is faint and often
hard to find/see. Despite its prominent
position and large size, you can see that
Aquarius doesn’t really have defining
features, nor does it contain any bright stars.
The protruding line to the right is Aquarius’s
right arm, with the large downward shape
being a combination of the water flowing
down out of the vase and his right leg.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/452893306259968533/
http://www.seasky.org/constellations/constellation-aquila.html
3. Aries
Taken from the Latin word for “Ram”. It is
best viewed in December. Aries has always
been the ram. This constellation is one of 12
constellations that form the zodiac the
constellations that straddle the sun’s path
across the sky (known in scientific terms as the
ecliptic). Aries is formed by just 4 (sometimes
5) visible stars, which create a line from the
ram’s head (the lowest point in the image
above) and down its back. Hamal is the largest
and most visible star, and is classified as an
orange giant.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/507077239274904762/
5. Cassiopeia
It’s the name of a queen in Greek
mythology. It can be seen in the month of
November. With its distinctive “W” shape
formed by five (5) bright stars, Cassiopeia is
one of the most easily recognizable
constellations in the night sky come fall and
early winter. And because of that, the vain
queen is one of the most oft-mentioned in pop
culture and one of the earliest constellations
that young children come to recognize in the
sky.
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/cassiopeia-
constellation-with-beautiful-bright-vector-9177709
6. Cygnus
It is known as the Northern Cross Northern
Cross is Latinized Greek for “Swan”. It is best
viewed in September. The Northern Cross is really
just an asterism (recognizable pattern of stars)
within Cygnus the swan. Deneb, the swan’s tail (or
top point of the cross), is one of the brightest stars in
the night sky. In the night sky, the goose is looking
down with its wings spread out parallel to the
horizon.
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/cygnus-swan-constellation-night-
starry-sky-381861832
8. Leo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_(constellation)
Leo is taken Latin word meaning “Lion”.
The constellation is best viewed during the
month of April. Leo has been a great lion in
the night sky across almost all mythological
traditions. A distinctive backwards question
mark forms the head and chest, then moves to
the left to form a triangle and the lion’s rear
end. Regulus is Leo’s brightest star, and sits in
the bottom right of the constellation,
representing the lion’s front right leg.
https://universavvy.com/interesting-facts-about-constellation-leo
9. Lyra
The constellation Lyra, the lyre, is best
seen from June through October in the
northern hemisphere. It is visible between
latitudes 90 degrees and -40 degrees. It is a
small constellation, covering an area of 286
degrees of the sky. It is bordered by
Vulpecula to the south, Hercules to the east,
Draco to the north, and Cygnus to the west.
Vega, the brightest star in Lyra, forms a large
triangle with two other stars, Altair in Aquila
and Deneb in Cygnus. This prominent
formation of bright stars is known as the
Summer Triangle.
http://www.seasky.org/constellations/constellation-lyra.html
11. Pisces
The constellation Pisces, the
fishes, is visible in the sky between
October and December in the
northern hemisphere. The March
equinox is currently located in Pisces.
However, due to procession of the
earth's axis, it is slowly drifting
towards Aquarius. The word Pisces is
the Latin plural for “fish”. The
constellation is represented as a pair
of fish facing in opposite directions,
connected at the tail by a common http://www.seasky.org/constellations/constellation-pisces.html
star.
12. Scorpius
It is Latin for “Scorpion”. The
constellation Scorpius, the scorpion,
is located in the southern hemisphere
of the sky. It can be seen in summer
from the northern hemisphere, but is
low in the sky and is best seen from
the southern hemisphere. Scorpius is
easy to find due to its distinct "J"
shape, also described as a fishhook. It
contains a number of notable stars and
deep sky objects, including the bright
stars Antares and Shaula, the
http://www.seasky.org/constellations/constellation-scorpius.html
Butterfly Cluster (Messier 6).
http://www.seasky.org/constellations/constellation-ursa-major.html
http://www.seasky.org/constellations/constellation-ursa-minor.html
According to astronomers, there are several ways by which constellations can be useful to
us. Here are some of them:
Learning Competency:
Show which constellations may be observed at different times of the year using models.
(Quarter 3, Week 8-9) S9ES-IIIj-35
Directions: Using the table below, find and encircle the listed 26 names of the constellations.
Words appear to be straight, backwards, across, up and down, and
diagonally.
Orion-The Hunter: Z O X S G E M I N I S C I L U
This constellation is a C
W W L P C Y W E S U V A S I
winter constellation,
meaning it can only be O G S I G O V I R G O S B B A
seen in the winter N
months. Some R W T O T F R U J T T S I R
constellation can be I A Y A U T A P E B I I G A C
seen all year round E
and some O Q C V C T L D I E A O D I
constellations are N U J Z N A H E S U S P I D R
seasonal. As well,
D A I E Z O P E D U S E P A P
some constellations
can be seen from the Z R C N E C C R R I A I P R S
Northern Hemisphere
W I A L D S Y U I N P A E I Z
and some can be seen
from the Southern U U O C I U A G L C C P R E E
Hemisphere.
D S W P O T S S N U O R E S S
P L E I A D E S X U P R O R F
O O C T A N S C J K S U N S Q
I S A G I T T A R I U S S O S
O P H I U C H U S K C A R Y L
S T A T S U N R O C I R P A C
Directions: Read and analyze each statement carefully. Match Column A with Column B.
Use the space provided before the item number for your answer.
Column A Column B
1. 88 official constellation a. constellation
2. 48 constellation b. celestial sphere
3. Patterns of stars which are seen in the sky c. IAU
4. Brightest constellation d. Greek and Roman mythology
5. Largest constellation e. Crux (Southern Cross)
6. Greatest number of visible stars in it f. Centaurus
7. Biggest, famous and oldest named constellation g. Aquarius
8. Aquila h. Eagle
9. The Great Dog i. Canis Major
10. Area of the sky, which contains
all the stars and other celestial objects j. Hydra
Activity 3
Where Do I Belong?
Directions: Identify each constellation being describe in the picture. Put your answers on the
blank space provided for each item.
1. 2. 3.
4. 4. 6.
7. 8. 9.
Directions: Fill out the blanks below by writing down constellations that are visible during the
given month of a year.
1.
Month: FEBRUARY
Visible Constellation:
2.
Month: JULY
Visible Constellation:
3. Month: DECEMBER
Visible Constellation:
4.
Month: OCTOBER
Visible Constellation:
Activity 5
Let’s Get Connected
Directions: Connect the dots below to create your own constellation, and describe what you
have created. At least five (5) possible constellations will be formed from the dots.
1. 2.
Description: Description:
3. 4.
Description: Description:
5.
Description:
Directions: Fill out the correct word or group of words that best describes the sentence. Place
your answers on the space provided before each number.
Activity 7
Fit Me Best!
Directions: Fit each word into the correct shapes below. Write name of the constellation
inside the box that fit it best.
1. 10.
2. 11.
3. 12.
4. 13.
5. 14.
6. 15.
7.
8.
9.
Note: Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 77
Activity 8
Constellation Hunting
Directions: Make a constellation diary in your notebook. At night time, you look up at the sky
for 30 minutes. Take a picture of the constellation you saw and be sure to capture
it nicely. You can send output to your teacher through his/her Facebook
messenger, google classroom or email address.
Day Name of Constellation Description
1
1. Choose one constellation and research about it. In your own perspective, why is it
important to study constellation?
2. Show which constellation may be observed at different times of the year by using
models and submit it to your teacher through a printed copy, messenger or in email
message.
REFLECTION
I learned that
I enjoyed most on
1. C 6. F
2. D 7. G
3. A 8. H
4. E 9. I
5. J 10. B
ACTIVITY #3 Do I Belong?
Directions: Identify each constellation being describe
in the picture. Put your answers on the blank space
provided for each item.
1. Aquarius 6. Scorpio
2. Gemini 7. Cancer
3. Sagittarius 8. Libra
4. Aries 9. Taurus
5. Leo 10. Capricorn
11. Pisces
12. Virgo
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
#1- FEBRUARY #2- JULY #3- DECEMBER #4- OCTOBER #5-JANUARY
Canis Major Canis Major Ursa Major/ Pisces Ursa Major/ Cygnus Ursa Major/Orion
Canis Minor Canis Minor Ursa Minor Ursa Minor/ Sagittarius Ursa Minor/Gemini
Directions: Use the dots below and connect to make your own constellation. Then describe below what you made.
Possible Answers:
1. Cassiopeia- With its distinctive “W” shape formed by five (5) bright stars
2. Gemini- Each star then has a line forming their bodies, giving the constellation a rough “U” shape
3. Lyra- This prominent formation of bright stars is known as the Summer Triangle
1. Aquarius 6. Gemini
2. Altair 7. Orion
3. Hamal 8. Lyra
4. Cassiopeia 9. Taurus
5. Cygnus 10. Ursa Major
Student’s answer may vary depending on the constellation they have observe each night for the whole week.
1. Chooseone constellation and research about it. In your own perspective, why is it
important to study constellation? (Possible answers)
a. They represent stories from many different cultures
b. They serve as a celestial map
c. Astronomers refer to zodiac constellations when describing the location of the planets
in our solar system.
d. Constellations are also useful for navigation.
2. Show which constellation may be observed at different times of the year by using models
and submit it to your teacher through a printed copy, messenger or in email message.
(Answers may vary)
References
Credner, Till and Kohle, Sven (2020). Digital Images of the Sky. Retrieved:
www.allthesky.com.
Omega WordPress Theme (2020). Constellations: A Guide to the Night Sky.
Copyright © 2020 Constellation Guide. An Elite Cafemedia Lifestyle Publisher.
Retrieved: https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation- list/scorpius-constellation/.
Sea and Sky (2016). Exploring the Splendors of the Sean and the Wonders of the World.
Copyright 1998. Retrieved from the website http://www.seasky.org/constellation/constellations.html
Anderberg, Jeremy (2020). 15 Constellations Every Man Should Know (And How to Find Them).
Retrieved from website https://www.artofmanliness.com/articles/15-constellations-every-man-
should-know/.
Abistado, Joanna M. et. al. (2014). Work Text in Science and Technology-Science Links.
ISSBN 978-971-23-6592-8. Rex Printing Company-Quezon City. pp. 272-285.
Mamaril, Chloe et. al. (2018). Science for Millennials 9. Copyright 2018. Salinlahi
Publishing House, Inc. pp. 107-108.
http://www.astronoo.com/en/constellations-zodiac.html.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/637892734690307778/
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/536772849316377518/
Prepared by:
PETERSON T. APOSTOL, MA
Writer
Checked by:
NERLISA J. DOMINGCIL
DQAT, Member
JENNIFER T. TOLENTINO
DQAT, Member
Reviewed by: