All You Need To

Know About
Volcanoes!
By: Yshie Tarah S. Fernandez Grade-VI-SSES
 What Are
Volcanoes?
 A Volcano is an
opening in the Earth’s
surface through which
lava, hot gases
(steam), molten rock
and rock fragments
erupt (burst forth). It is
as well a hill or
mountain composed of
the ejected material. 2
 Kinds of Volcanic
Materials
• The three basic kinds of materials
may erupt from a volcano. There
are (1.) Lava (2.) Rock Fragments
(3.) Gas (There are as well
Volcanic Dust, Volcanic Ash, and
Volcanic Bombs).
• Lava- It is the name of the magma that has
escaped onto the earth’s surface.

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 Kinds of Volcanic
Materials
• Rock Fragments-It is generally called
TEPHRA, are formed from sticky magma. S
magma is so sticky that it’s gas cannot escape
when the magm approaches the surface or ce
vent

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 Kinds of Volcanic
Materials
• Gas(Volcanic)-It pours out of volcan
in large quantities during most eruptions
is mostly made up of steam(It also inclu
carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and other gas

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 The Kinds of Volcanoes

• Shield Volcanoes They are formed when a

large amount of free-flowing lava spills from a
vent and spreads widely.
• CINDER CONES They build
up when mostly tephra erupts from a vent and
falls back to earth around a vent. The
accumulated

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 The Kinds of Volcanoes
• CINDER CONES -Tephra,
which is generally cinders, forms a cone-shaped
mountain.
• Composite volcanoes They are formed when
both lava and tephra erupt from a central vent.
The materials pile up in alternate layers around
the vent and form a towering, cone-shaped
mountain.

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 The Benefits of Volcanoes
• Many volcanics materials have important and chemical uses.
• Rocks formed from lava are commonly used in building roads.
• Pumice, a natural glass comes from lava. It is primarily used for
grinding and polishing stones, metals, and other materials.
• Sulfur deposits from volcanoes are used in making chemicals.
• Weathered volcanic ash greatly improves the fertility soil.
• In many volcanic regions, people use underground steam as a
source of energy. This geothermal energy is used to produce
electricity in such countries such as Italy, Mexico, New
Zealand, and the United States.
• In Reykjavik (The capital of Iceland), most people heat their
homes with water piped from volcanic hot springs.
• Volcanoes serve as “Windows” to the Earth’s interior. The
materials they erupt help scientist learn about conditions within
the earth. 8
 The Disadvantages of
Volcanoes
• Since the 1400’s, volcanoes have killed almost 200,000 persons.
• They can cause floods due to the lava and debris spewed out
from the volcano that clogs creeks and streams causing them to
build up and change its course of direction.
• Wild fires are another thing volcanoes cause. And it is due to the
hot burning lava from the volcanic eruptions landing on nearby
by wildlife or nature.
• Land slides are another big problem caused by volcanoes. Due
to the land being weakened by the rise and eruption of molten
rock by volcanoes, land slides occur and endanger lives of
animals, plants, and humans.
• Drinking water contamination. Ash from volcanoes increases
the chlorine requirement in disinfected surface-collected water,
therefore making it unsafe to drink.
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 Questions!
1.) What is a Volcano?

2.) What are the 3.) What Are the other three materia
three basic kinds that
of materials that may erupt from a may erupt from a volcano?
volcano?

10
4.) What are the three kinds 5.) How many benefits from 6.) How many disadvantages
of volcanoes? volcanoes are listed? from volcanoes are listed?
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 9.)What are the disadvantages of
8.) What is volcanic gas? volcanoes?

7.) What is Lava? 10.)What are cinder

cones?
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THANK
YOU!