What’s in the news?

(Earthquakes and volcanoes, Earthquakes, Volcanoes)

Words to know

1. earthquake - earthquakes 24. smoke

2. volcano - volcanoes 25. dust

3. damage 26. ashes

4. danger 27. gases

5. mountains 28. magma

6. valleys 29. lava

7. islands 30. crack

8. layers 31. Active volcanoes

9. the Earth’s crust 32. Dormant volcanoes (Sleeping Volcanoes)

10. mantle 33. Extinct volcanoes (Dead Volcanoes)

11. core (outer core, inner core) 34. crater

12. plates 35. vent

13. tsunamis 36. magma chamber

14. buildings 37. volcanic bombs

15. bridges 38. undersea volcanoes

16. collapse 40. destroy - destroyed

17. break up

18. injured

19. homeless

20. San Andreas Fault

21. fault

22. erupt

23. molten rock

 What’s in the news?

(Earthquakes and volcanoes, Earthquakes, Volcanoes)

Facts to know

1. Earthquakes and volcanoes can cause great damage, and danger to the people who live near
them.
2. Earthquakes and volcanoes also help to shape our Earth by forming mountains, valleys and
islands.
3. The Earth is made up of layers.
4. The Earth’s crust is the outer layer of the Earth. It is a layer of solid rock beneath the soil.
5. Underneath the crust is a very thick layer of hot rocks called the mantle.
6. In the centre of the Earth is the core, which is made up of two parts, both of them extremely
hot.
7. The outer core is made of hot liquid iron with some nickel.
8. The inner core is a hot ball of solid iron with some nickel.
9. Every day there are about 3000 earthquakes around the world.
10. When the Earth’s plates meet, they usually slide past each other.

11. Most of the places where the Earth’s plates meet are under the oceans and seas.

12. San Andreas Fault is a huge fault or crack in the rocks that runs for more than 900 kilometres

along the coast of California.

13. A volcano begins as a hole or crack in the Earth’s crust.

14. When the volcano erupts, molten rock, smoke, dust, ashes and gases escape through the
opening.
15. The hot runny rock under the surface of the Earth is called magma. But when it comes out of
a volcano, it is called lava.
16. There are three stages of volcanoes. (Active volcano, Dormant volcano and Extinct volcano)
17. A volcano that is erupting or can still erupt is called an Active Volcano.
18. Volcanoes that have not erupted for a long time are called, Sleeping or Dormant Volcanoes.
19. A volcano that hasn’t erupted for at least 10 000 years is called an Extinct Volcano.
20. There are many volcanoes on land, but there are even more volcanoes under the sea.
21. When a volcano erupts, it can cause great damage and danger the lives of people.

What’s in the news?

(Earthquakes and volcanoes, Earthquakes, Volcanoes)

Glossary

1. Earthquake - A movement or shaking of the Earth’s crust, often caused when the Earth’s

plates move against each other

2. Volcano - A hole or tear at a weak spot in the Earth’s crust from which gases and hot,

molten rock flow

3. Crust - The Earth’s outer layer of rock on which we live

4. Core - The centre of the Earth made of the metals; iron and nickel

5. Rock - One of the parts of the solid surface of the Earth

6. Mantle - The layer of the Earth, immediately beneath its crust. Some of the mantle is

made of solid rock, while some of it is molten rock

7. Plate - One of the 19 or 20 sections of rock that make up the Earth’s crust

8. Fault - A large crack or break in a series of rocks. The rocks on one or both sides of

the fault may slip up or down

9. Erupt - A volcano is said to erupt when lava, dust, ashes and other volcanic materials

are forced out of it.

10. Magma - The hot, runny rock found under the surface of the Earth. If it escapes onto

the surface it is then called lava.

11. Lava - The molten rock that comes out of a volcano.

12. Crater - The cup-shaped hollow around the opening of a volcano.

13. Active volcano - A volcano that still erupts

14. Dormant volcano- A volcano that is “resting” or “sleeping”, and which has not erupted in

recent years.

15. Extinct volcano - A term used to describe a volcano that has not erupted for at least
10000

years.