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Words to know
17. break up
18. injured
19. homeless
21. fault
22. erupt
Facts to know
1. Earthquakes and volcanoes can cause great damage, and danger to the people who live near
them.
2. Earthquakes and volcanoes also help to shape our Earth by forming mountains, valleys and
islands.
3. The Earth is made up of layers.
4. The Earth’s crust is the outer layer of the Earth. It is a layer of solid rock beneath the soil.
5. Underneath the crust is a very thick layer of hot rocks called the mantle.
6. In the centre of the Earth is the core, which is made up of two parts, both of them extremely
hot.
7. The outer core is made of hot liquid iron with some nickel.
8. The inner core is a hot ball of solid iron with some nickel.
9. Every day there are about 3000 earthquakes around the world.
10. When the Earth’s plates meet, they usually slide past each other.
11. Most of the places where the Earth’s plates meet are under the oceans and seas.
12. San Andreas Fault is a huge fault or crack in the rocks that runs for more than 900 kilometres
Glossary
1. Earthquake - A movement or shaking of the Earth’s crust, often caused when the Earth’s
2. Volcano - A hole or tear at a weak spot in the Earth’s crust from which gases and hot,
4. Core - The centre of the Earth made of the metals; iron and nickel
6. Mantle - The layer of the Earth, immediately beneath its crust. Some of the mantle is
7. Plate - One of the 19 or 20 sections of rock that make up the Earth’s crust
8. Fault - A large crack or break in a series of rocks. The rocks on one or both sides of
9. Erupt - A volcano is said to erupt when lava, dust, ashes and other volcanic materials
10. Magma - The hot, runny rock found under the surface of the Earth. If it escapes onto
14. Dormant volcano- A volcano that is “resting” or “sleeping”, and which has not erupted in
recent years.
15. Extinct volcano - A term used to describe a volcano that has not erupted for at least
10000
years.