Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

EARTH AND
LIFE SCIENCE
Danger Zone!!! Hazards Ahead!

Quarter 1 Week 7 Module 16

Learning Competency: Using hazard maps, identify

areas prone to hazards brought about by
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides.
(S11/12ES -If-31).

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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you
while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy
the objectives of this kit. Keep on learning!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key
card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings and
skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Check your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

Natural Hazards, Mitigation

16 and Adaptation: Geologic
Processes and Hazards
EXPECTATIONS
You will have to use hazard maps to identify areas prone to hazards
brought about by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides.
Specifically, this module will help you to:
• Identify areas from the Philippine map where earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions and landslides are most likely to happen.
• Manifest awareness by participating in earthquake, volcanic eruptions
and landslides-related hazard prevention, activities, and drills.

Let us start your journey in learning more about Geologic Processes and specific
areas in the Philippines prone to such hazards. I am sure you are ready and excited to
answer the Pretest. Smile and perk up!

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PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. The movement of earthy materials from higher region to lower region due
to gravitational pull is called __________.
A. earthquake C. landslide
B. soil erosion D. cyclone
2. Tremors that have occurred in earth's crust are known as __________.
A. Earthquakes C. Bed eruptions
B. Volcanic eruptions D. Volcano-Earthquake
3. Volcanic activity on the cooling crust of the planet may release large
amounts of substances like _________.
A. water vapor (steam) C. hydrogen sulfide gas.
B. carbon dioxide and nitrogen D. A, B, and C
4. Why is it beneficial to be able to predict when and where natural hazards
will occur?
A. Communities can be notified to evacuate.
B. So that we can stop them from happening again.
C. So that scientists know where to go in order to study them.
D. So that we can harness their power for renewable energy.
5. It indicates the extent of expected risk areas and can be combined with
disaster management information such as evacuation sites, evacuation
routes forth.
A. hazard map C. Philippine map
B. world map D. concept map

Good Job! You’re done answering the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work. Strive hard and keep on learning!

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Ever since you started schooling from elementary to high school, you
have heard from the news and have seen in your own television set the
various hazards that happened in our country particularly earthquakes,
earthquake-induced landslides and volcanic eruptions. As a matter of fact,
we can’t deny that these hazards were felt lately in the different places in the
Philippines. To recall some important terms related to this lesson let’s try
Cryptogram to unlock the following words being described.
Cryptogram: It is more or less similar to a puzzle that consists of a short
piece of encrypted text. Each letter is replaced by a number as
presented in the box below. Unravel the following encrypted
texts to expose the target word or idea.
1. It is a dangerous situation or event that carries a threat to humans.
8 1 26 1 18 4

2. It is an event that actually harms humans and disrupts the operations of society.
4 9 19 1 19 20 5 18

3. It is the inability to resist a hazard or to respond when a disaster has occurred.

22 21 12 14 5 18 1 2 9 12 9 20 25

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BRIEF INTRODUCTION

A. Tremors to Remember!
Did you know that since 1968, PHIVOLCS have recorded 12 destructive
earthquakes in the Philippines? This includes the disreputable July 16,1990 Luzon
earthquake which caused immeasurable injuries and no less than 1,100 deaths.
Seismicity, the occurrence or frequency of earthquakes includes geographic and
historical distribution of earthquake events all over the country except in the
Palawan region. Provinces such as La Union and Pangasinan are susceptible to
earthquakes, especially the deep-focused ones, due to the Manila Trench while
Surigao del Sur and Davao Oriental have earthquake hazards due to Philippine
Trench and nearby active faults. Frequency of shallow and left-lateral strike-slip
earthquakes in Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Eastern Pangasinan, Benguet and La
Union can be attributed to its location along the Philippine Fault Zone. However,
Ifugao, despite having less earthquake occurrences is at risk because of its very
high vulnerability to disasters. What parts of the Philippine geographical map are
prone to earthquakes?

1. Surigao Del Sur

2. La Union
3. Benguet
4. Pangasinan
5. Pampanga
6. Tarlac
7. Ifugao
8. Davao Oriental
9. Nueva Vizcaya
10. Nueva Ecija

B. Deadly Explosions…Boom!!!
A volcanic eruption can be described to a similar process that happens when
you unscrew the lid of a soft-drink bottle, only much more violently! The pressurized
drink represents the gas-rich magma with carbon dioxide dissolved in the liquid.
Opening the lid (possibly after shaking) releases the pressure and the bubbles
immediately expand and may push up through the neck of the bottle. The release
of this great pressure causes volcanic explosions, such as the major catastrophic
eruption of Krakatau in 1883
Are you familiar with the “Ring of Fire”? What is it? The Philippines lies
within the “Ring of Fire”, a region of subduction zone volcanism surrounding the
Pacific Ocean, this explains the distribution of most volcanoes in our country.
Indeed, volcanoes are classified as active, inactive and potentially active. Twenty-
two (22) historically active volcanoes are distributed all over the archipelago. One
of the most violent eruptions in the last two decades is Mt. Pinatubo observed to be
inactive for several years. Another volcanic eruption that happened last January
2020 is Mt. Taal which severely damaged the province of Batangas and nearby

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places. Volcanoes which are not present in some provinces have no risk to volcanic
eruptions. From the geographical map, Camiguin has the highest risk because the
land area is so small such that a volcanic
eruption can affect the whole province.
Sulu ranked second because it has
numerous active and potentially active
volcanoes. Hence, the top ten provinces at
risk for deadly volcanic eruptions are:
1. Camiguin
2. Sulu
3. Biliran
4. Albay
5. Bataan
6. Sorsogon
7. South Cotabato
8. Laguna
9. Camarines Sur
10. Batanes

C. Danger, Big Rocks Falling!!!

What is known to be the deadliest landslides that happened in the Philippines?

On February 17, 2006, a massive rock slide-debris avalanche occurred in
the province of Southern Leyte, causing widespread damage and loss of life.
The deadly landslide (or debris flow) followed a 10-day period of heavy rain and
a minor earthquake (magnitude 2.6 on the Richter scale). There are other
provinces like Ifugao, Lanao del Sur and Saranggani ranked high because of
their high vulnerability to disasters while Rizal ranked the lowest. Benguet,
despite its low vulnerability, ranked four because of its high exposure factor or
population density. Aurora ranked higher than Davao del Sur and Davao
Oriental despite its low vulnerability compared with the other two provinces.
This is due to the fact that the whole of Aurora is more susceptible to landslide
than the other two provinces. Most of the provinces, except Palawan, are
susceptible to landslide hazards. From the map below, the top ten provinces
that are at risk to earthquake-induced shallow landslides are as follows:

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 1. Ifugao
2. Lanao Del Sur
3. Saranggani
4. Benguet
5. Mountain Province
6. Bukidnon
7. Aurora
8. Davao del Sur
9. Davao Oriental
10. Rizal

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.1: Know Your Faults!
Guide Questions:
1. Refer to the geo-map at the left side
showing distribution of active faults
and trenches in the Philippines or
you can look for a bigger Philippine
hazard map image and locate the
places said to be under Valley Fault
System (VFS). Trace and list down
the areas or cities where the faults
are located. Use the link:
(https://faultfinder.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/)
___________________________________________
2. If these areas such as provinces or
cities where faults are found
experience a strong earthquake like
the “Big One” what do you think will
happen? Predict on the large -scale
damage of the earthquake. _________
___________________________________
3. In order to prevent a large-scale
damage on both life and property
what must be done by the LGU’s and
the entire government? ____________
___________________________________
4. As a student, what will you do if a
strong earthquake takes place?
What precautionary measures will
you follow to be able to save your
own life? _________________________
___________________________________

Activity 1.2: Where I’m Gonna Go When Taal Volcano Blows?

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Answer the following questions:
2. What areas are under 7km radius
danger zone? 10 km radius danger
zone? 15 km radius danger zone?
____________________________________
____________________________________
3. Why do we need to know the areas or
“danger zones” during volcanic
eruption? ________________________
4. If you are living in a “danger zone”
Mt. Taal Geological Hazard Map
and Mt. Taal is showing signs of a
strong blow what will you do right
Just recently Taal volcano erupted away in order to save your family and
and caused damage to life and properties. your property? Where will you go and
Refer to the geo-map at the right and your family? ________________
answer the questions that follow: ____________________________________
5. Why do LGU’s impose alert levels
1. What areas near Taal Volcano are
during volcanic eruption? What are
under permanent danger zone?
those alert levels? __________________
__________________________________
____________________________________
__________________________________

Activity 1.3: Watch out debris are falling on you!

(Landslide Preparedness)
What can be done to minimize landslide risks? Let’s interpret the following
figures and answer the guide questions below.
Figure A Figure B
Landslide Hazard Map Warning Signs

Figure C Figure D
Retaining walls Erosion-control/vegetation

Guide Questions:
1. What does picture A would like to suggest about the use of landslide mapping?
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. Why do people put signage(s) or warning signs in a dangerous area?
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. How does the use of gabion walls or thick-structured walls prevent landslides?

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 _____________________________________________________________________________
4. Thick vegetation or soil erosion control minimize landslides. Explain.
_____________________________________________________________________________

REMEMBER
An earthquake is a result of sudden movement of the earth's tectonic plates,
which causes shaking of the ground. Thus, shaking can damage various
structures such as buildings and further breakdown of the earth's surface,
and the study of earthquakes is called seismology.
The Philippines is susceptible to earthquakes, due to the following factors:
a. Deep-focused ones, due to the Manila Trench
b. Philippine Trench and nearby active faults.
c. Frequency of shallow and left-lateral strike-slip.
Philippines lies within the “Ring of Fire,” a region of subduction zone
volcanism surrounding the Pacific Ocean, and this explains the distribution
of most volcanoes in our country.
Landslide is described as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth
down a slope. It’s a type of "mass wasting," which denotes any down-slope
movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity.
A geological hazard map indicates the areas that are vulnerable to hazards
caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. It is a tool used
by scientists and local government authorities to anticipate any hazard that a
geological event may bring
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Be able to describe the three geological processes mentioned in lesson 18 and
you can use the sample graphic organizer below as a guide. You can be creative as
you can in making your own diagram.

• _____
• _____
• _____
• _____
• _____
• _____
POSTTEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It helps us to identify, assess and minimize damage from natural hazards.
A. concept – mapping C. Locator mapping
B. geological mapping D. world mapping

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2. What is the difference between a natural hazard and a natural disaster?
A. They are exactly the same.
B. A hazard is what could happen, a disaster is after it has an impact
on humans.
C. A disaster is what could happen, a hazard is after it has an impact
on humans.
D. Hurricanes and tsunamis are natural disasters, but earthquakes an
volcanoes are hazards.
3. Why is it beneficial to be able to predict when and where natural hazards
will occur?
A. Communities can be notified to evacuate.
B. So that we can stop them from happening again.
C. So that scientists know where to go in order to study them.
D. So that we can harness their power for renewable energy.
4. To stay safe from volcanoes, it is important for people to test;
A. a. evacuation routes C. soil temperatures
B. b. mudflow speed D. tsunami systems
5. The Philippines lies within the “Ring of Fire,” this explains the distribution
of:
A. floods C. earthquakes
B. landslides D. volcanoes
REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Name: ____________________________________________ Grade & Section: ____________

Danger Zone!!! Hazards Ahead!

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET No. 16

Directions: Write a reflective learning about what you have learned in Geological
Processes and Natural Hazards, by answering the questions inside the
box. You may express your answers in a more critical and creative
presentation of your great learning. Make learning a habit and enjoyable!

The lesson on Natural

Hazards, Mitigation and
•What learnings have I found •What examples can I explore
Adaptation: Geologic
from this lesson? and think more?
Processes and Hazards guides
me to ponder on...

•What learnings can I share •What good character have I •What is my conclusion on the
with my family and peers? developed from this lesson? lesson?

REFERENCES
http://vm.observatory.ph/geophys_maps.html
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/gisweb-earthquake-hazard-maps

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https://www.google.com/search?ei=MDbsXrKKGJbZ-
Qb4wbb4Ag&q=explain+the+use+hazard+maps+for+earthquakes+landslides+and+volcanic+
eruptions

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Winnie P. Deinla, Master II - MLQSHS
Editors: Rebecca M. Roxas-EPS
Reviewers: Arlen Gatpo-PSDS
Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Regional ADM Coordinator
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division
Superintendent-Manila
Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief
Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Division ADM Coordinator

ANSWER SHEET in Earth and Life Science Module

Quarter 1 - Week 7 - Module 16 : Danger Zone!!! Hazards Ahead!

Name: ______________________________ Grade/ Sec. ____________________ Score: ___

Teacher: ____________________________ School: _________________________ Date: ____

General Directions: Write your answers here from Pre-Test to Post-Test including
the answers in the activities. Detach and submit this part to your teacher upon
his/her direction which usually given after you have completed this module.
PRE-TEST
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

1) 2) 3)
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.1: Know Your Faults!
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
Activity 1.2: Where I’m Gonna Go When Taal Volcano Blows?
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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3. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Activity 1.3: Watch out debris are falling on you!
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

(Note: You You can be creative as you can in making

your own diagram)

POSTTEST
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

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