REVIEWER For Third P. test.

1. Based on the figure, what interpretation of the classification of volcanoes in the

eastern part of the Philippines
 Volcanoes are active because they
are near the trench.

2.The eruption of Taal Volcano in March 2022 was characterized by explosive emission of
magma erupting through water.
 Is a Phreatomagmatic type of eruption.
.
3. You are researching volcanoes for a school project. You find two websites: one from a
reputable scientific organization and another from a personal blog. Both websites claim that
volcanoes erupt due to pressure building up beneath the Earth's crust. However, the scientific
organization website goes into detail about the different types of plate boundaries and their role in
volcanic activity, while the personal blog simply states the fact without further explanation. Which
website demonstrates a higher level of information literacy in the context of 21st-century skills?
 The scientific organization's website.

4. All mountains are not volcanoes, but all volcanoes are mountains, according to
USGS. What characteristics set a volcano unique from a mountain?
 It has a crater.
 It always ejects lava.
 It has a slope formed from its emissions.
5.Volcanoes are like geological fingerprints, each with unique characteristics
reflecting their formation process. Eruptions vary in intensity and composition, influencing
the resulting volcanic form. Given that ejected lava fragments solidify and accumulate around the
vent, analyze and synthesize information to infer which volcano type is predominantly built from
these solidified fragments, typically originating from a single vent.
 Is a Cinder volcano.

6. Leonard Kniaseff, a stratovolcano in Davao De Oro, became a newsmaker when it showed

signs of activity on March 8, 2023. It was ranked the 15 most active volcanoes in the Philippines
based on PHIVOLCS. Identify the phrase that accurately describes the process by which Leonard
Kniaseff formed.
 alternate solidification of lava and ashes.

7. During the eruption of Bulusan Volcano in Sorsogon, molten rocks from underneath find their
way out through the opening in the crust such as the volcano. Why does magma tend to rise
toward the Earth’s surface?
 The rock is less dense when melted.
8. Which graph accurately depicts the frequency of eruptions for Mayon Volcano (represented by
X), Taal Volcano (represented by Y), and Kanlaon (represented by Z)?

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9. The viscosity of magma is affected by several factors such as its temperature.Which statement
accurately relates the relationships between viscosity and temperature?
 As the temperature of magma decreases, its viscosity increases.
10. Volcanic emissions include three main components: rocks, ash, and gases. While various
gases are emitted during an eruption, what is the most abundant gas emitted by volcanoes?
 Water vapor.
11. An image shows a power plant. Based on the visual clues within the image, determine the
most likely energy source used by this power plant to generate electricity.

 Geothermal energy.

12. Volcanoes differ in terms of their eruption due to some factors. The following factors help to
distinguish a violent type of volcanic eruption from a relatively quiet one?
Amount of dissolved gas in the magma. Composition of the magma.
Temperature of the magma. Viscosity of magma
13.According to PHIVOLCS the Philippines has 24 known volcanoes and around 300 other
volcanoes, either on the surface or underwater.With this, currently the Philippines ranks
3rd in terms of harnessing geothermal energy.

14. Volcanic eruptions include several processes depending on their emissions.

the correct arrangement of the following processes are: (EDREFO)
a) Earthquakes happen as magma rises through fractures.
b) Deformation of the land surface.
c) Release and expansion of gas.
d) Emission of rock fragments.
e) Flow of lava and other emissions.
f) Occurrence of pyroclastic flow.
15. The Philippines, rich in active volcanoes, has great potential for geothermal energy –
generating electricity from underground heat. You'll choose the best location for a new
geothermal plant by considering volcanic activity, accessibility for construction, and proximity
to population centers. Which among volcanoes can be a source of energy? – Banahaw

16. The Mak-Ban Power Plant, located in Laguna, Philippines, is a key geothermal facility run the
Philippine Geothermal Powerplant Company (PGPC). It taps into the geothermal resources of
the Makiling-Banahaw region to generate clean electricity. As one of the Philippines' largest
geothermal plants, Mak-Ban plays a vital role in the nation's energy sector, promoting
renewable energy use and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Which condition must always be
present to ensure that it spins continuously?
 Heat from deep inside the earth.

17. A developing country is aiming to increase its energy production using renewable sources.
Geothermal energy is seen as a promising option, considering the challenges of limited data.
How can this country identify and assess potential locations for geothermal energy development?
 within the volcanic belt.

18. You are leading a team tasked with creating a sustainable energy plan for a remote
island community in Mindanao. The community currently relies on expensive and polluting
diesel generators for electricity. Which of the following factors would be MOST important to
consider when evaluating the feasibility of geothermal energy as a solution?
 The presence of underground heat sources near the community.

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19. The Philippines is aiming to regain its position as a leading geothermal producer. Several
projects are underway to streamline the permitting process. However, the country needs to
address existing challenges to unlock its full potential and ensure sustainable development in
this sector. Which best describes geothermal energy?
 renewable and “cleaner” than fossil fueld.

20. To what degree do the geological attributes, current infrastructure, and governmental
regulations in the Philippines contribute to fully harnessing its potential in the field of
geothermal energy production, despite its already recognized status in this area?
 It is located along the Pacific Ring of Fire.

21 Which pattern shows how a geothermal power plant works to produce electricity? (HSTE)
1. Hot water is pumped from underground and turned into steam.
2. The steam turns the turbine.
3. The turbine turns on the generator which produces electricity.
4. The electricity is exported to the grid.
22. Geothermal energy is often touted as a clean and reliable renewable resource. However, not all
countries can utilize it effectively. Why is this the case?
 Geothermal resources are unevenly distributed throughout the Earth, limiting access
to some countries.
23. You are reading a news article about the condition of a region’s atmospheric pressure,
temperature, and precipitation over a long period that may last a few months or a year.
What does the news refer to? - CLIMATE.
24. A group of hikers is planning a multi-day trek in a mountainous region in Luzon. They will
be starting at the base of the mountain and gradually ascending to a higher altitude for several
days. Which of the following statements below is true about the relationship between altitude
and climate? - The higher the altitude, the colder the climate is.
25. A group of students is planning a year-long research project on the impact of climate change
on different regions around the world. They need to identify a geographical factor that
significantly influences climate and weather patterns. Which of the following would be the
MOST relevant data points to collect for their research?
 The latitude of each region.
26. The climates of densely populated industrial areas tend to be warmer than similarly located in
less populated rural areas. From this observation, what can be hypothesized about the human
influence on local climate?
 The local climate in densely populated areas can be changed by human activities.

27. How does the concept of a greenhouse effectively illustrate the process by which Earth retains
heat from solar radiation, and which model most accurately demonstrates this phenomenon?

28. Latitude is the measurement of the location’s distance north or south of the equator.
Why does this latitude cause variation in the temperature?
 It is due to the curve of the earth and the distance from the equator.

29. The average temperature range in Quezon City for March is 22-33⁰C while that of Baguio
City is 14-24⁰C. Why does the air temperature tend to be cooler in the highlands than
in the lowlands?
 A part of infrared is re-radiated toward the surface hitting the lowland first.
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30. Tony and Juan discussed the issue of melting glaciers and rising sea levels. Tony questioned
the cause, considering natural climate changes, while Juan explained that human activities are
accelerating the warming process significantly. Tony further inquired about specific human
activities contributing to the problem. If you were Juan, which of the following human activities
contribute to the major increase in global warming?
 burning of fossil fuels.

31. El Niño and La Niña are climate patterns that impact weather worldwide. How would you differ
differentiate El Niño from La Niña in terms of the temperature of the ocean in the equatorial Pacific?
 El Niño is characterized by an unusually warm ocean temperature while
La Niña is characterized by unusually cold ocean temperatures.
32. When the temperature in the eastern Pacific Ocean gets higher than its normal range, it
generates impacts on the ecosystem characterized by drought and causes unusual warming of
the surface temperature of the Pacific. Based on the following information,
identify the type of meteorological activity mentioned in the statement above.
 El Niño .

33. A group of students is planning an activity as part of their immersion program that aims to
reduce the impact of climate change. These are the suggested activities:
Who among the students suggested the most effective strategies for reducing the impact of
climate change?
 Tree planting in deforested area and Promoting the use of recyclable materials.

34. Greenhouse gases trap the heat in the atmosphere, including CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, CFCs, and
others.According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency ( USEPA), this
greenhouse gas contributes most to the increase of the temperature of Earth’s atmosphere.
What gas is this? - Carbon dioxide (CO2)

35. The greenhouse effect is a pressing issue, and understanding its mechanisms is crucial for
developing sustainable solutions. Which of the following statements is true about the
greenhouse effect?
 It’s a naturally occurring phenomenon that controls the earth’s temperature.

36. A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases that are associated with all the
activities of humans. How can individuals and organizations analyze and mitigate their
carbon footprint, considering the total emissions generated by human interventions?
 A vegetarian eating a plant-based diet.
37. The rising global temperature is caused by enhanced greenhouse gases and the acceleration
of
glacier melt. Why is it that the rise in average temperature throughout the world is causing
glaciers to melt at a faster rate?
 Because of the greenhouse gases trap in the atmosphere.

3 8 . The amount of CO₂ in megatons emitted by different sources in 2000 and 2010 for a developing
country is shown in the graph on the right. Over the same period, the population increased by
15%.Based on the information provided, how would you explain the reasons for the differences in
the amount of CO₂ emissions between 2000 and 2010?

 Power stations are responsible for the increase of CO₂ emissions.

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39.A manufacturing company is committed to reducing its carbon footprint. Recent data reveals a
significant decrease in CO₂ emissions. Here's the challenge:
Scenario: The company uses a combination of electricity and natural gas to power its operations.
Electricity consumption has remained steady, while natural gas usage has decreased.
Question: Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY explanation for the significant decrease
in CO₂ emissions?
 The company implemented energy-saving measures that reduced overall energy consumption.

40. People during the ancient period relied on stars since there were no clocks to determine the
time. Which of the following is NOT a technique utilized by ancient civilizations that
can also be applied today?
 Medical experts used the position of the stars in diagnosing their patients with Astro
phobia.

41. Why do hotter stars tend to appear bluer or white, while cooler stars appear redder?
 Hotter stars emit more light in the blue and ultraviolet parts of the spectrum.

42.You're an astronomer stationed in the Northern Hemisphere. Tonight, you want to impress
your
friends by pointing out a famous constellation. Here's the clue:
It resembles a hunter with a belt and a sword.
It's a prominent and easily recognizable constellation throughout history.
Considering the information above and your knowledge of seasonal visibility for constellations in
the Northern Hemisphere, determine the best time of year to spot this constellation.
 WINTER

43. This pattern of stars looks like a small bear as seen in the image below, where the northern star is located.
It highlights the importance of safe travel and respect based on the Philippines’ beliefs.
What do you call this constellation?

 Ursa Minor

44. Constellations are patterns formed by the stars in the sky. Which of the following
constellations are NOT correctly paired?

a. b. c. d.
Libra

45. One of the characteristics of the stars is the brightness that depends on how far a star
is from the Earth. Which of the following is true about the star’s apparent brightness?
 The closer the star is to the earth, the bigger the star appears.
 The closer the star is to the earth, the brighter the star appears.

46. On the right is the table that shows the temperature and color of various stars in the sky.
Which statements support the given
information below? Star Color Temperature
I The cooler the star is, the redder it is. Alnilam Blue 27,000
II. The hotter the star is, the whiter and bluer it is. Proxima Red 2,300
III. The Sun is a yellow star hotter than Proxima Centauri. Centauri
IV. Alnilam is the hottest among all the stars given. Sirius White 10,000
Sun Yellow 5,700
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47. The star map displays the entire dome of the night sky. How can a model of constellations
such as a star map be created to be used by people, especially astronomers to better
understand astronomical phenomena?
 Providing a visual representation of star patterns.
 Illustrating the motion of the Earth and the stars.

48. Iron Man was flying through the Milky Way. Suddenly, he is running out of energy, and he
needs to charge his light-powered batteries. However, his suit will melt if he gets close to
very hot temperatures. With this in mind, he wants to find the star with the lowest temperature.
He spotted four stars that were the closest to him, which of the following stars was his best
option?
 Betelgeuse (Red)

49. The astronomy organization in your school is planning to conduct an Astro camp that offers
activities to learn about space and other celestial bodies including stars. One of the activities is
to find common stars that are visible even without the use of telescopes. This includes the
brightest star, Betelgeuse in the Constellation Orion. If you are part of the Astro group, when is
the best time for you to conduct the activity?
 Somehow November to February

50. If two nebulae A and B of equal volume were starting to compress to become stars,
A and B, and if Nebula A had 10 times the mass of Nebula B, which of the following
would be the most correct prediction?
 Star A will use up more fuel than Star B.

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