GUIPOS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Pob. Guipos, Zamboanga del Sur

WORKSHEET IN SCIENCE 9

Name of Learner: ________________________________ Grade & Section: _____________ Date: ________

A. Topic: ENERGY FROM VOLCANOES

B. MELCS with Code: Illustrate how energy from volcanoes may be tapped for human use. (S9ES-
IIIc-d-29)
C. Week Number: Quarter 3 – Week 3
D. Objectives: After going through this module, you are expected to:
a) Enumerate positive and negative effects of volcanoes and volcanic activity.
b) Identify and describe the type of energy that can be utilized from volcanoes.
c) Describe how geothermal energy may be tapped for human use.
E. Background Information:
Volcanic activities have a huge effect on where it is located and the places nearby. Volcanoes
produce ash, lava, volcanic bombs, pyroclastic flows, and lahars that can cause harm to those living
within their vicinity. Volcanoes are dangerous. They can kill people and damage property. Economic
activity can suffer as well, as it is hard for businesses to operate after an eruption. Habitats and
landscapes are also damaged by lava flows.
How can volcanoes affect the lives of people in a positive way? People choose to live in
volcanic areas despite the risk of an eruption because volcanoes can provide us a number of benefits.
What are some useful products made from volcanic materials? Concrete blocks may be
formed from pumice and volcanic ash from volcanoes. Crushed and ground pumice are also used for
loose-fill insulation, filter aids, poultry litter, soil conditioner, sweeping compound, insecticide carrier,
and blacktop highway dressing. What materials do volcanoes release? Volcanoes can release volcanic
gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and halides. What benefits
can we get from volcanoes? Volcanoes provide a good environment for the formation of new habitats
for animals, plants, and insects. Areas with high volcanic activity also have some of the world's most
fertile farmlands due to the release of plant nutrients such as potassium and phosphorus.

Volcanic lava and ash are rich in minerals that provide valuable
nutrients for the soil. The fertile land near volcanic areas is good for
fruits and vegetables which results in higher crop yield for farmers.

Volcanoes attract tourists who enjoy the dramatic scenery that they
produce. Eco-tourism generates jobs and brings in money for a
vibrant and strong local economy.

Geothermal energy can be harnessed from volcanic areas which can

be used to heat buildings or be converted into electricity. Geothermal
energy can be generated in areas where magma lies close to the
surface. This is good for increasing renewable energy use.

Sulfur, copper and gold are raw materials produced

from volcanic activity. Rising magma brings valuable minerals to the
surface, creating mining opportunities. Minerals are contained in
lava such as diamond that can be mined to make money.

Volcanoes help to keep the world about 2 to 3 degrees cooler. Most

of the particles spewed from volcanoes cool the planet by shading
incoming solar radiation. Sulfur gas combines with water creating
droplets that stays in the atmosphere for years. The cooling effect can
last for months to years depending on the characteristics of the
eruption.
 Volcanic eruptions can create new land forms. A new land can emerge from lava poured into
and beneath the ocean and becomes a new habitat. Hawaiian Islands are formed this way.

Volcanoes have done wonderful things for the Earth. They helped cool off the Earth by removing heat
from its interior. Volcanic emissions have produced the atmosphere and the water of the oceans. Volcanoes
make islands and add to the continents.
Volcanoes can provide a renewable form of energy for humans. The Philippines has more than a
hundred volcanoes; energy has been tapped from them. It ranks second in the world's production of
geothermal energy.

Geothermal Energy
What is geothermal energy? How is geothermal energy generated? How is this energy tapped for human use?
The heat produced from deep beneath the surface of the Earth is geothermal energy. The word
geothermal comes from the Greek word "geo," meaning Earth and "therme" meaning heat.
Geothermal energy can be harnessed from volcanoes. It is an almost limitless source of power,
however, it is practical only where the source of heat is close to the Earth's surface. The magma underneath
volcanoes holds tremendous thermal energy. The heat from the magma can be used to heat water and
produce steam in power plants on the surface.
The steam is pressurized and then spins a generator that makes electricity. Magma near the Earth's
surface heats the surrounding rock, which then heats underground water to form geothermal reservoirs.
Geothermal wells in reservoir bring a mixture of steam and hot water to the surface. After the water impurities
are removed from the steam, it is piped into turbine generators to produce electricity. Most of the hot water is
used for heating buildings.
Geothermal energy can be harnessed from four different types of geologic formations.

Hydrothermal reservoirs have been the most common source of geothermal

energy production worldwide. It contains hot water and/or steam trapped in
fractured or porous rock formations by a layer of impermeable rock on top.
Hydrothermal fluids may be used directly to heat buildings, greenhouses, and
swimming pools, or produce steam for electrical power generation.

Geopressurized resources are from formations where moderately high

temperature brines are trapped in a permeable layer of rock under high
pressures. These brines are found deeper underground than hydrothermal
fluids and have high concentration of salt, minerals and dissolved methane gas.

Hot Dry rock reservoirs are generally hot impermeable rocks at depths shallow enough
to be accessible. To extract heat from such formations, the rock must be fractured and a
fluid circulation system developed known as enhanced geothermal system. The water is
then heated by way of conduction as it passes through the fracture in the rock, becoming
a hydrothermal fluid.

Magma. Molten rock is the largest global geothermal

resource and is found in a depth of 3-10 km. Its great depth
and high temperature make the resource difficult to access and harness.

These are all sources of geothermal energy that directly generate heat, or their steam can be used to generate
electricity. Most of the Earth's geothermal energy remains in the mantle. This can be accessed by drilling and
enhanced with injected water to create steam. Geothermal energy is produced by geothermal power plants
and geothermal heat pumps.

Geothermal Power Plant Geothermal Heat Pump

 Various methods of tapping geothermal energy were developed based on the available type of
geothermal energy source. People in Iceland rely on its abundant source of hot and easily accessible
underground water as an inexpensive source of energy, while other countries like the United States have to
drill for geothermal energy at a greater cost.
The Philippines is now reducing its dependence on fossil fuels as it taps its abundant energy resources
such as the sun, wind, biomass, geothermal energy, and water. The Philippines, like Indonesia, have abundant
geothermal resources. Geothermal plants generate about one-fourth of the electricity in the Philippines, making
the country the second-largest user of geothermal electricity in the world next to the United States.
Over the ages, humans have benefited from Earth's geothermal energy by using hot water that
naturally rises up the Earth's surface. We have soaked in hot springs for healing and relaxation and even used
them as instant cooking pots. Hot springs have also been an important part of cultural life and healthy lifestyles
like in Japan.
At present, geothermal energy is also used to directly heat individual buildings and to heat multiple
buildings with district heating systems. Hot water near the Earth's surface is piped into buildings for heat.
Electricity is then generated.

Hotsprings Cooking Heating System Electricity

It can also be effectively used in a wide range of industrial plants, which includes preheating broilers
and other process-feed water. It is used in several washing and clean-up purpose for food processing and
canning, plastic production, soft drink production for container and returnable bottles, textile finishing, metal-
fabricating industries, machinery, and transportation equipment. Industrial applications of geothermal energy
also include food dehydration (drying), gold mining, and milk pasteurizing.

F. Activities

Activity 1: Pros and Cons

Direction: Pick from the box the term that will complete each statement.

Geothermal energy hotsprings renewable cooling effect

Hydrothermal reservoir electricity volcanic activities
Fertile soil raw materials geothermal powerplant

1. A/An____________________ is an underground source of hot water or steam for man-made use.

2. A resource that is used without depleting it it is called ________________________.
3. ________________________have destructive effect on the areas where they occur.
4. Farmers living near volcanoes keep on coming back despite the hazards because of the __________________
that helps them have healthy crops and good harvest.
5. The heat produced beneath the earths’ surface can be used as ________________________.
6. The heat captured from drilling the earth’s interior can generate ________________________through
geothermal power plants.
7. ________________________ are used since early times for healing and relaxation.
8. A/An____________________ is a facility that harnesses the energy from the earths’ interior for human use.
9. Minerals are ________________________ found in volcanoes and produced by volcanic activities
that can be mined for economic use.
10. Volcanic gases may give ________________________to the atmosphere.

Activity 2: Guess What? - I am useful

Directions: Study each picture that shows ways volcanoes benefit Earth and our immediate environment.
Rearrange the given letters to form

words that describe these benefits.

APHMOSETRIC COLOIGN NLAD FOMARTINO WRA MTERAILSA

1. ____________________ 2. ___________________ 3. ___________________

RFETLIE
LNDA THEGOREMAL RGENYE

4. _____________________ 5. _________________________

Activity 3: Guess What? - I am useful

Directions: List five (5) positive and five (5) negative effects of volcanoes and volcanic activities.

POSITIVE NEGATIVE